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This paper discusses four thematic units that teachers can use with preschool and primary grades, along with examples of activities that can be integrated into each unit. The units include "Land of Many Colors," based upon a book of the same name that tells the story of gingerbread-shaped characters who learn to accept each other even though they are different colors. The next unit, "Seasons," is developed around a collection of children's literature that focuses on seasonal themes. The third unit, "Habitats," focuses on animal habitats and children's books that explore the issue. "Dinosaurs," the fourth unit, uses books on dinosaurs and various activities to explore the world of dinosaurs. Specific science, math, social studies, and art activities for each unit are presented. (Contains 29 references.) (MDM)

Discussion of requirements of the Individualized Education Program (IEP) under the 1997 amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act examines key components of the IEP, who constitutes the IEP team, roadblocks to effective use of the IEP, the top 10 common problems in IEPs, making the most of the IEP, transition planning, and promoting parent-educator partnerships through the IEP. (Contains references.) (DB)

This statistical review is the second in a biennial series mandated by Public Law 96-516. This report, which provides a comprehensive overview of the participation of women and minorities in science and engineering (S/E) employment and training, is divided into three chapters. The first chapter focuses on the representation of women and minorities in S/E employment and differences in employment characteristics between sex and racial groups independent of the overall employment levels. The second chapter considers measures that indicate underutilization of those with scientific and engineering skills, with particular attention to differences between the sexes or among racial/ethnic groups. The third chapter examines the acquisition of scientific and engineering skills, highlighting differences in academic coursework, performance on achievement tests, and undergraduate and graduate degree production. Data within each chapter are presented first for women and then for racial minorities and Hispanics. The physically handicapped in science and engineering are also considered in the first chapter. Among the findings reported are those indicating that despite substantial gains over the past decade, women and minorities are still underrepresented in S/E employment and training, and that their rates of participation in precollege science and mathematics courses and in undergraduate and graduate S/E education are lower than those of men. The appendix includes 77 statistical tables. (JN)

The text and accompanying software are for use by state education agency personnel concerned with needs assessment under the Comprehensive System of Personnel Development (CSPD) as it relates to special physical education. "Book One," devoted to strategic planning, contains background information and directions for the development of effective needs assessment procedures covering preservice, inservice and staff development needs for those persons providing physical education for handicapped students. Appendices include (1) a comparison of survey research in adapted physical education; (2) blank forms to complete comprehensive plan needs statements, a special education inservice training and staff development needs survey, and a physical education survey; (3) the model for the Georgia physical education survey; (4) a system for establishing sample size; and (5) a prototype monitoring instrument for physical education. "Book Two," on data collection and analysis, is designed to acquaint state agency personnel with the SpecPE Needs Assessment Management System. It contains a survey instrument, documentation for using the analysis software (provided on IBM compatible floppy disk), and samples of printed reports the system can produce. An overview of the data storage and retrieval system are provided along with instructions for data entry, file management, and minor in-house modifications. Attachments include: (1) a position paper on physical education (PE) for individuals with handicapping conditions written in response to a request from the Office of Special Education Programs; (2) a practitioner's survey on PE services provided to handicapped students (the original data collection instruction); (3) a CSPD-PE plans and services brochure; (4) guidelines for SpecPE error correction procedures; (5) an annotated list of symposium papers on teacher training needs in adapted PE; and (6) federal compliance guidelines for PE services to handicapped children. (VW)

This statistical review, the third in a biennial series mandated by Public Law 96-516, provides a comprehensive overview of the participation of women and minorities and the physically handicapped in science and engineering (S/E). To provide perspective, both long term (1976-1984) and short term (1982-1984) trends are presented. The report consists of three chapters. The first chapter examines the representation and utilization of women in S/E, considering employment levels and trends, field, experience, career patterns, and labor market conditions. The second chapter presents similar information for Blacks, Asians, Native Americans, Hispanics, and the physically handicapped in S/E. The third chapter examines the acquisition of scientific and engineering skills of women and minorities and highlights differences with men and the majority in achievement, test performance, academic coursework, and degree production. An appendix includes 55 statistical tables. One finding noted is that the employment of women scientists and engineers increased by 157 percent between 1976 and 1984, compared with about 63 percent for men. No recommendations on programs or policies are offered, since, in conformance with the legislation, the report serves as an information source for policymakers and others interested in this area. (JN)

This handbook for librarians and adult basic education (ABE) teachers examines existing and potential library-literacy connections. Chapter I discusses methods and criteria for selecting and evaluating books for new readers. Both readability levels and the quality of books are considered. The second chapter examines the library's general collection to find a whole range of materials that can help adult students at all levels from beginning reading through high school equivalency. It acquaints librarians and ABE teachers with the skills that adult new readers must master, the techniques and materials used to teach those skills, and the kinds of materials any public library will have on hand to help new readers develop those skills. Chapter III discusses questions and concerns relating to special collections for ABE students, including organization and kinds of materials. Chapter IV suggests ways public libraries and ABE programs can work together to motivate students to use the public library. A process model for library-ABE cooperation is offered. Appendixes include sources of materials for adult new readers, a classification scheme and evaluation forms for adult new reader materials, a selected bibliography from the general collection, and a bibliography of suggested readings. (YLB)

This guide is intended for use in teaching a postsecondary-level course in corporate electronic publishing systems. The following topics are covered: cultural influence of graphic communication (early events in communication, early attempts at printing); typefaces and styles of type (type style characteristics and their use); tools and methods of graphic design (measuring type, using drawing equipment and design instruments, performing copyfitting procedures); graphic design (predesign planning, layout procedures, design and layout considerations); principles of design (design elements, color and creativity in design); the layout process (art and copy preparation; thumbnail sketches; rough, comprehensive, dummy, and mechanical layouts); fundamentals of computer graphic workstations (video displays, video controller boards, computers, printers, input devices); computer graphics; paint programs and their operation; desktop publishing systems and their operation; layout in desktop publication; and design and design principles in desktop publication. The curriculum contains materials for students and instructors, including a syllabus and a unit-by-unit course and student laboratory guides. (MN)

Notes the difficulty of finding quality day care for special needs children. Discusses Project Specialcare, designed to support family child-care providers who accept such children into their programs. Describes how providers participated in Saturday sessions focused on a topic followed by open discussion and how the advice and counsel of a professional mentor was available to all participants. (LBT)

Owners or managers of 181 Australian businesses employing fewer than 20 people in the construction, manufacturing, property and business services, and retail industries in 3 metropolitan and 3 nonmetropolitan locations were interviewed by telephone to identify how they used training to enhance their small business's success. Of those surveyed, one-third had had someone attend a relevant course in the past 12 months, 30% had learned from a consultant or mentor, and more than 60% had attended a business-related meeting or seminar. Small businesses with partners or employees with postschool qualifications were more likely to engaging in ongoing learning activities. The low rate of participation in training, especially by owners, and their preference for informal learning methods are consistent with a picture of small business owners who are supervisors of more formalized training and unaware that training policy could be relevant. The study demonstrated a relationship between success and learning on the job and resulted in 11 recommendations concerning developing a learning culture, learning and training design, and future policy directions relating to the provision of learning/training opportunities for small business. (The report contains 58 references and 13 tables/figures. Appendixes constituting approximately 30% of this document contain the following: 72 additional tables; discussion of the relationship between training and small business; small business training questionnaire; location selection data; and list of reference group members.) (MN)

This teaching guide supplements a science unit concerned with bud maturation recommended for use in fourth- and fifth-grade classrooms. The first section describes possible activities for children to explore, such as field study, collections, dissecting, and experiments. The second section offers a few brief suggestions for teaching the unit. The third section outlines methods for obtaining and preserving twigs. (CS)

Argues that assessment is not consistent with curricular or pedagogical reforms. Presents an assessment format and several variations that incorporate both individual and group work. Outlines a testing format that promotes the alignment of the assessment of student mathematical achievement and skills with some of the curricular reforms occurring in the mathematics classroom. (ASK)

Examines some of the common problems faced by white instructors as they try to address the concerns of women of color with all or predominantly white groups of students. Discusses establishing credibility, and in-class strategies such as discussions of affirmative action, analysis of the media, guest speakers, and discussions of homophobia. (RS)

Describes a vision of the use of mathematics portfolios for mathematics majors, how to organize the portfolio, items that might be included, and portfolio evaluation. (MKR)

This article describes the ways in which a portfolio may be used in a mathematics classroom. It explains what a portfolio is, what goes into one, how one can be organized, and how one might be assessed. Examples of junior high school portfolios are included. (JAF)

Summarizes the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics' Curriculum and Evaluation Standards document and suggests 10 implications for college mathematics. (MKR)

Finds that undergraduate students in an introductory psychology class acquired more favorable attitudes toward research as a result of their active participation in the creation and presentation of a poster that illustrates their independent work. Appends poster session instructions. (RS)

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic panniculitis is a rare manifestation of benign and malignant pancreatic disease. The presentation of pancreatic panniculitis is non-specific and thus diagnosis is often delayed. When associated with malignancy, pancreatic panniculitis confers a poor prognosis. This case demonstrates the successful surgical management of this paraneoplastic phenomenon following resection of the underlying pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma and associated liver metastasis. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 71-year-old female with debilitating subcutaneous lower limb lesions had a delayed diagnosis of pancreatic panniculitis. A formal diagnosis of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma with liver metastasis was established and the disease was determined to be resectable. Pre-operatively, serum lipase measured 10,825 U/L. The patient proceeded to an open left hemihepatectomy and radical distal pancreatectomy with complete resection of malignant disease. Six days post-operatively the serum lipase levels normalised, and the panniculitis began to settle. The patient proceeded to adjuvant FOLFORINOX chemotherapy. Twenty months post-surgery, the patient remains disease-free and without any evidence of panniculitis. DISCUSSION: Due to the rarity of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, guidelines based on prospective data do not exist. Most management is based on retrospective analyses. A survival benefit may be achieved with more aggressive surgical management compared to other pancreatic cancer types. Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma may show a slower rate of disease progression, an increased likelihood of resectability of disease at presentation and is more likely to undergo potentially curative resection. CONCLUSION: Aggressive surgical management of resectable metastatic pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma can treat pancreatic panniculitis and provide sustained disease-free survival from pancreatic cancer.

Describes public library materials appropriate for adult literacy students and suggests methods of incorporating them into instruction. (AEA)

The Third World countries of Botswana and Tanzania have used Radio Learning Group (RLG) campaigns effectively to get a limited amount of important information to a very large group of people at the same time. During campaigns voluntary participants organized in groups of 5-20 meet twice a week for about 5 weeks to listen to radio broadcasts about topics of national importance and to study supporting printed materials with the aid of a group leader. The group feeds questions and comments back to the government. Intended for organizers, teachers, administrators, and students of adult education, the manual explains in detail the 10 steps of organizing a campaign; the development of materials coordinated to the radio broadcasts; the field work essential to a successful RLG campaign; the training necessary for personnel at the national, district and town, village and ward, and group leader levels; and the evaluation of the campaign. Short sections provide suggestions for starting with experiments and pilot programs, following up with action, and consulting about the projects. Appendices include examples and flow charts from RLG campaigns in Botswana and a brief bibliography. Small black and white cartoon characters guide the reader through the manual. (SB).

This document, an addition to the New Hampshire Model for Secondary School Guidance Programs, provides guidelines to help counselors select tests for occupational guidance. The career assessment instruments most commonly used in secondary schools are compared and contrasted. Publishers' addresses, costs of specimen sets and comments regarding the reliability and validity are included in the annotations. Also included are eight interest tests, three aptitude batteries, and four other standardized career development instruments: Assessment of Career Development (ACE); Career Development Inventory (CDI); Career Maturity Inventory (CMI); and Career Planning Program. Personality tests are not incorporated into the review. A brief chapter on interpreting test results with students includes questionnaires useful in systematizing the information obtained through testing. (KS)

This workbook, the fourth in a five-volume series on vocational programs for the handicapped (see note), is an illustrated student guide for a food preparation task in a home economics course. The workbook provides step-by-step procedures, each accompanied by photographs, for making blender cheesecake. (CP)

Comprehensive guidance is offered on the organization, procedures, and responsibilities of public library boards. Individual chapters address the following topics: the legal context for public libraries, organizing the library board, the board and the library staff, the public library and its communities, budgeting for service, public relations, Friends of the Library, intellectual freedom, trustees and the lobbying process, associations of concern to trustees, the Alabama Public Library Service, the library board as evaluator, and the trustee orientation program. Library terms and acronyms are explained. A five-page bibliography is provided, and each chapter includes a summary. Appendices at the ends of the appropriate chapters include sample library board bylaws, elements of a library policy manual, model bylaws for Friends of the Library, American Library Association Bill of Rights and Freedom to Read Statement, a Freedom to View statement, budget and citizens request forms, annual review form for performance evaluation of the library director, a materials selection policy, rules and regulations for Alabama state aid to public libraries, and information on challenged materials, Alabama legislation related to intellectual freedom, and duties and responsibilities of the library board and librarian. (LMM)

BACKGROUND: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonotic disease caused by the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. It occurs in many parts of the world where pastoral activities predominate, including the Rio Negro province of Argentina. Although CE control activities have been undertaken in the western regions of Rio Negro for more than two decades, the disease continues to remain prevalent in both the human and livestock animal populations. Vaccination of animal intermediate hosts of CE with the EG95 vaccine may provide a new opportunity to improve the effectiveness of CE control measures, although data are lacking about field application of the vaccine. AIMS: Evaluate the impact of EG95 vaccination in sheep on the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus in a field environment. METHODOLOGY: Two trial sites were established in western Rio Negro province within indigenous communities. Vaccination of lambs born into one trial site was introduced and continued for 6 years. Prior to initiation of the trial, and at the end of the trial, the prevalence of CE in sheep was determined by necropsy. Weaned lambs received two injections of EG95 vaccine, approximately one month apart, and a single booster injection one year later. Vaccination was not implemented at the second trial site. A total of 2725 animals were vaccinated in the first year. Animals from this cohort as well as age-matched sheep from the control area were evaluated by necropsy. KEY RESULTS: Introduction of the vaccine led to a statistically significant in the number and size of hydatid cysts in comparison to the situation prior to the introduction of the vaccine, or compared to CE prevalence in the control area where the vaccine was not applied. The prevalence of infection in the vaccinated area was also significantly reduced by 62% compared to the re-intervention level, being lower than the prevalence seen in the control area, although the difference from the control area after the intervention

Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of five projects funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation under its Future Internet Architecture Program. NDN has its roots in an earlier project, Content-Centric Networking (CCN), which Van Jacobson first publicly presented in 2006.1 The NDN project investigates Jacobson's proposed evolution from today's host-centric network architecture (IP) to a data-centric network architecture (NDN). This conceptually simple shift has far-reaching implications for how we design, develop, deploy, and use networks and applications. We describe the motivation and vision of this new architecture, and its basic components and operations. We also provide a snapshot of its current design, development status, and research challenges. More information about the project, including prototype implementations, publications, and annual reports, is available on named-data.net.

Background: Hepatitis C (HCV) is the most common indication for liver transplantation worldwide. Recurrence post transplant is universal, with a subgroup of patients developing rapid fibrosis progression. Various clinical definitions of rapid fibrosis have been used to identify risks for the subgroup of patients with rapid progression, but their ability to predict poor outcomes has not been directly compared. This study compares the ability of different measures of rapid fibrosis progression to predict the development of cirrhosis within five years of transplantation in patients with HCV. Method(s): Prospective data analysis was conducted on 131 adult patients with HCV who underwent liver transplantation at a single centre. We measured fibrosis rate (calculated using liver biopsies graded by Metavir scoring F0-4; FR= fibrosis stage/ year post transplant), year one fibrosis progression (rapid fibrosis defined as Metavir F score >=1 at 1yr liver biopsy) and time to Metavir F2 stage fibrosis (years). We determined the correlation between these measures of fibrosis progression and time to cirrhosis and the ability of these measures to predict cirrhosis development within five years of transplantation (dichotomized about the median time to cirrhosis in our cohort) using ROC and Pearson correlation statistics. Result(s): 131 consecutive adult patients with HCV were included in the study; 100 had liver biopsies allowing determination of fibrosis rate (minimum post-transplant follow-up 6mths, mean 6.5 yrs). There was a significant correlation between fibrosis rate (p<0.0001, r=-0.76), time to F2 stage fibrosis (p<0.0001, r=0.92) and fibrosis stage on year one biopsy (p=0.012, r=- 0.67) and time to cirrhosis development. Fibrosis rate calculated using the most recent biopsy was the strongest predictor of rapid graft cirrhosis development (p<0.0001, AUC 0.979). Fibrosis rate calculated early on year 3 post transplant liver biopsy and time to F2 fibrosis was also significantly

BACKGROUND: Malayamycin is a novel perhydrofuropyran C-nucleoside isolated from Streptomyces malaysiensis that shows promising antifungal activity, fully controlling a range of diseases when applied to plants at 100 μg mL -1. The goal of this study was to determine the mode of action. RESULTS: Malayamycin exhibited in vitro antifungal activity against Stagonospora nodorum (Berk) Castell & Germano, the cause of stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat. Growth in liquid minimum medium was merely delayed at 50 μg mL -1, but sporulation was suppressed by more than 50% by 10 μg mL-1 of malayamycin. When applied to wheat seedlings 36 h prior to infection, 10 μg mL-1 of malayamycin reduced lesion size and significantly reduced pycnidiation to only 5% of the non-treated level. A transcription factor gene, Mrg1 (malayamycin response gene) whose expression was upregulated by application of malayamycin, was identified. Both Mrg1 knockout and overexpression strains were created. These strains were fully pathogenic, suggesting that the expression of Mrg1 did not affect pathogenicity. Interestingly, a strain that expressed Mrg1 50 times more than wild type showed a significant reduction in sporulation. However, all the tested knockout and overexpression strains retained sensitivity to malayamycin. CONCLUSIONS: Malayamycin is a new type of antifungal compound that acts primarily by inhibiting sporulation. Although Mrg1 may be involved in the sporulation process, it is not the major contributor for sporulation inhibition caused by malayamycin treatment.

Using recent advances in time-varying spectral methods, this research analyses the growth cycles of the core of the euro area in terms of frequency content and phasing of cycles. The methodology uses the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and also Hilbert wavelet pairs in the setting of a non-decimated discrete wavelet transform in order to analyse bivariate time series in terms of conventional frequency domain measures from spectral analysis. The findings are that coherence and phasing between the three core members of the euro area (France, Germany and Italy) have increased since the launch of the euro.

The forum covered a wide range of themes and received the views of participants from most member countries of the PECC (Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference). A number of environmental issues were raised, with the globalisation of environmental policy and international standards raising concern among members about the imposition of inappropriate measures. The best means of ensuring that local communities benefit from mining were discussed, as were the development of human resources and technology transfer. The rise in the number of mining-related accidents is unacceptable and requires joint action by companies, governents, syndicates, universities and contractors to intensify education and reinforce safe practice. With the Asia-Pacific region likely to dominate world mineral markets in the next decade, the role of governments needs to be redefined to encourage sustainable development of mineral resources by promoting mining, safeguarding mining rights and regulating the industry., The forum covered a wide range of themes and received the views of participants from most member countries of the PECC (Pacific Economic Cooperation Conference). A number of environmental issues were raised, with the globalisation of environmental policy and international standards raising concern among members about the imposition of inappropriate measures. The best means of ensuring that local communities benefit from mining were discussed, as were the development of human resources and technology transfer. The rise in the number of mining-related accidents is unacceptable and requires joint action by companies, governents, syndicates, universities and contractors to intensify education and reinforce safe practice. With the Asia-Pacific region likely to dominate world mineral markets in the next decade, the role of governments needs to be redefined to encourage sustainable development of mineral resources by promoting mining, safeguarding mining rights and regulating the industry.

An analysis is presented of the effect on competitiveness of Australia's complex forms of taxation., An analysis is presented of the effect on competitiveness of Australia's complex forms of taxation.

A marked change in approach is necessary in Australia to encourage growth of wealth-creating industries, replace old with new technology, enhance competitiveness, and encourage improved environmental protection. Changes in government taxation and industry policy could assist this process., A marked change in approach is necessary in Australia to encourage growth of wealth-creating industries, replace old with new technology, enhance competitiveness, and encourage improved environmental protection. Changes in government taxation and industry policy could assist this process.

The Australian minerals industry has been able profitably to supply growing world demand for mineral commodities and has emerged as a major world supplier for many commodities. Its share in gross domestic product has risen from around 2% in the early 1960s to over 9% in 1988-89. The wider community has benefited from minerals industry growth directly through government royalty and income tax revenue, the provision of social infrastructure and returns to industry shareholders, the latter constituting a significant proportion of Australian citizens. Also, wealth generated by the industry has been invested more widely in the economy, contributing to an increase in the aggregate stock of physical and human capital, the productivity of labour, and real wages, and the productive capacity of the Australian economy. How the mining industry is hampered by assistance to other industries, other impediments to expansion and the broad outlook for world minerals trade are discussed., The Australian minerals industry has been able profitably to supply growing world demand for mineral commodities and has emerged as a major world supplier for many commodities. Its share in gross domestic product has risen from around 2% in the early 1960s to over 9% in 1988-89. The wider community has benefited from minerals industry growth directly through government royalty and income tax revenue, the provision of social infrastructure and returns to industry shareholders, the latter constituting a significant proportion of Australian citizens. Also, wealth generated by the industry has been invested more widely in the economy, contributing to an increase in the aggregate stock of physical and human capital, the productivity of labour, and real wages, and the productive capacity of the Australian economy. How the mining industry is hampered by assistance to other industries, other impediments to expansion and the broad outlook for world minerals trade are discussed.

The Australian minerals industry, because of its high degree of export orientation, has been vulnerable to wild price swings which have been characteristic of world commodity markets over the past decade. Along with the other major exporters, the industry invested heavily in increased production capacity in response to high commodity prices in the late 1970s. The consequent strong worldwide supply response coincided with a downturn in world economic activity and demand for minerals. The results of the 1988-89 survey indicate that the improved performance of the Australian minerals industry, evident in the previous year's survey, continued. Growth in sales revenue and moderate cost increases resulted in record profit levels. This improvement in profitability allowed the industry to further reduce outstanding debt, particularly foreign debt. While, in real terms, considerably below levels attained in the late 1970s, a recovery in investment was evident, particularly in smelting and refining. There was also evidence of improved employment opportunities., The Australian minerals industry, because of its high degree of export orientation, has been vulnerable to wild price swings which have been characteristic of world commodity markets over the past decade. Along with the other major exporters, the industry invested heavily in increased production capacity in response to high commodity prices in the late 1970s. The consequent strong worldwide supply response coincided with a downturn in world economic activity and demand for minerals. The results of the 1988-89 survey indicate that the improved performance of the Australian minerals industry, evident in the previous year's survey, continued. Growth in sales revenue and moderate cost increases resulted in record profit levels. This improvement in profitability allowed the industry to further reduce outstanding debt, particularly foreign debt. While, in real terms, considerably below levels attained in the late 1970s, a recovery in investment was evident, particularly in smelting and refining. There was also evidence of improved employment opportunities.