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128 results on '"Costello Anthony"'

1. Genomic evolution shapes prostate cancer disease type

Author

Woodcock, Dan D.J., Sahli, Atef, Teslo, Ruxandra, Bhandari, Vinayak, Gruber, Andreas A.J., Ziubroniewicz, Aleksandra, Gundem, Gunes, Xu, Yaobo, Butler, Adam, Anokian, Ezequiel, Pope, Bernard B.J., Jung, Chol Hee, Tarabichi, Maxime, Dentro, Stefan S.C., Farmery, James J.H.R., Van Loo, Peter, Warren, Anne Yvonne, Gnanapragasam, Vincent, Hamdy, Freddie, Bova, Gregory Steven, Foster, Christopher, Neal, David D.E., Lu, Yong Jie, Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Fraser, Michael, Bristow, Robert R.G., Boutros, Paul P.C., Costello, Anthony A.J., Corcoran, Niall, Hovens, Christopher CM, Massie, Charlie C.E., Lynch, Andy G, Brewer, Daniel, Eeles, Rosalind, Cooper, Colin, Wedge, David, Woodcock, Dan D.J., Sahli, Atef, Teslo, Ruxandra, Bhandari, Vinayak, Gruber, Andreas A.J., Ziubroniewicz, Aleksandra, Gundem, Gunes, Xu, Yaobo, Butler, Adam, Anokian, Ezequiel, Pope, Bernard B.J., Jung, Chol Hee, Tarabichi, Maxime, Dentro, Stefan S.C., Farmery, James J.H.R., Van Loo, Peter, Warren, Anne Yvonne, Gnanapragasam, Vincent, Hamdy, Freddie, Bova, Gregory Steven, Foster, Christopher, Neal, David D.E., Lu, Yong Jie, Kote-Jarai, Zsofia, Fraser, Michael, Bristow, Robert R.G., Boutros, Paul P.C., Costello, Anthony A.J., Corcoran, Niall, Hovens, Christopher CM, Massie, Charlie C.E., Lynch, Andy G, Brewer, Daniel, Eeles, Rosalind, Cooper, Colin, and Wedge, David

Abstract

The development of cancer is an evolutionary process involving the sequential acquisition of genetic alterations that disrupt normal biological processes, enabling tumor cells to rapidly proliferate and eventually invade and metastasize to other tissues. We investigated the genomic evolution of prostate cancer through the application of three separate classification methods, each designed to investigate a different aspect of tumor evolution. Integrating the results revealed the existence of two distinct types of prostate cancer that arise from divergent evolutionary trajectories, designated as the Canonical and Alternative evolutionary disease types. We therefore propose the evotype model for prostate cancer evolution wherein Alternative-evotype tumors diverge from those of the Canonical-evotype through the stochastic accumulation of genetic alterations associated with disruptions to androgen receptor DNA binding. Our model unifies many previous molecular observations, providing a powerful new framework to investigate prostate cancer disease progression., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2024

2. State of the World's Newborns: A Report from Saving Newborn Lives.

Author

Save the Children, Westport, CT., Costello, Anthony, Francis, Victoria, Byrne, Ali, and Puddephatt, Claire

Abstract

There has been little change in newborn mortality in the past 20 years, even through proven, cost-effective solutions exist to save many of these young lives. This report reviews the most recent data on the newborn, revealing the alarming poor health and quality of health care for mothers and newborns in virtually all impoverished countries. The report identifies infections, complications of prematurity, and birth asphyxia and injuries as the primary causes of newborn mortality, with low birth weight an important secondary factor. Another major cause of neonatal deaths in developing countries is identified as poor maternal health, especially during pregnancy. The report argues that many of these neonatal deaths can be prevented with three cost-effective solutions that do not depend on highly technical training or sophisticated equipment: (1) tetanus toxoid immunization; (2) skilled health care at delivery; and (3) immediate and exclusive breastfeeding. Further, the report maintains that policymakers, nongovernmental organizations, health care professionals, and community leaders need to collaborate in strengthening existing health care delivery systems to provide expectant mothers and their babies the care they need. A key part to this effort is advocating for and creating policies that address newborns' special needs. The report's appendices include tables providing information on newborn health status and on newborn health services and practices, by country, and as well as each country's rank on the Human Development Index, a composite indicator of development status that includes life expectancy at birth, educational achievement, and real gross domestic product per capita. (Contains 84 endnotes.) (KB)

Published
2001

4. A polygenic two-hit hypothesis for prostate cancer

Author

Houlahan, Kathleen E, Livingstone, Julie, Fox, Natalie S, Kurganovs, Natalie, Zhu, Helen, Sietsma Penington, Jocelyn, Jung, Chol-Hee, Yamaguchi, Takafumi N, Heisler, Lawrence E, Jovelin, Richard, Costello, Anthony J, Pope, Bernard J, Kishan, Amar U, Corcoran, Niall M, Bristow, Robert G, Waszak, Sebastian M, Weischenfeldt, Joachim, He, Housheng H, Hung, Rayjean J, Hovens, Christopher M, Boutros, Paul C, Houlahan, Kathleen E, Livingstone, Julie, Fox, Natalie S, Kurganovs, Natalie, Zhu, Helen, Sietsma Penington, Jocelyn, Jung, Chol-Hee, Yamaguchi, Takafumi N, Heisler, Lawrence E, Jovelin, Richard, Costello, Anthony J, Pope, Bernard J, Kishan, Amar U, Corcoran, Niall M, Bristow, Robert G, Waszak, Sebastian M, Weischenfeldt, Joachim, He, Housheng H, Hung, Rayjean J, Hovens, Christopher M, and Boutros, Paul C

Abstract

Prostate cancer is one of the most heritable cancers. Hundreds of germline polymorphisms have been linked to prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Polygenic risk scores can predict genetic risk of a prostate cancer diagnosis. Although these scores inform the probability of developing a tumor, it remains unknown how germline risk influences the tumor molecular evolution. We cultivated a cohort of 1250 localized European-descent patients with germline and somatic DNA profiling. Men of European descent with higher genetic risk were diagnosed earlier and had less genomic instability and fewer driver genes mutated. Higher genetic risk was associated with better outcome. These data imply a polygenic "two-hit" model where germline risk reduces the number of somatic alterations required for tumorigenesis. These findings support further clinical studies of polygenic risk scores as inexpensive and minimally invasive adjuncts to standard risk stratification. Further studies are required to interrogate generalizability to more ancestrally and clinically diverse populations.

Published
2023

5. Genetic Factors Associated with Prostate Cancer Conversion from Active Surveillance to Treatment.

Author

Jiang, Yu, Jiang, Yu, Meyers, Travis J, Emeka, Adaeze A, Cooley, Lauren Folgosa, Cooper, Phillip R, Lancki, Nicola, Helenowski, Irene, Kachuri, Linda, Lin, Daniel W, Stanford, Janet L, Newcomb, Lisa F, Kolb, Suzanne, Finelli, Antonio, Fleshner, Neil E, Komisarenko, Maria, Eastham, James A, Ehdaie, Behfar, Benfante, Nicole, Logothetis, Christopher J, Gregg, Justin R, Perez, Cherie A, Garza, Sergio, Kim, Jeri, Marks, Leonard S, Delfin, Merdie, Barsa, Danielle, Vesprini, Danny, Klotz, Laurence H, Loblaw, Andrew, Mamedov, Alexandre, Goldenberg, S Larry, Higano, Celestia S, Spillane, Maria, Wu, Eugenia, Carter, H Ballentine, Pavlovich, Christian P, Mamawala, Mufaddal, Landis, Tricia, Carroll, Peter R, Chan, June M, Cooperberg, Matthew R, Cowan, Janet E, Morgan, Todd M, Siddiqui, Javed, Martin, Rabia, Klein, Eric A, Brittain, Karen, Gotwald, Paige, Barocas, Daniel A, Dallmer, Jeremiah R, Gordetsky, Jennifer B, Steele, Pam, Kundu, Shilajit D, Stockdale, Jazmine, Roobol, Monique J, Venderbos, Lionne DF, Sanda, Martin G, Arnold, Rebecca, Patil, Dattatraya, Evans, Christopher P, Dall'Era, Marc A, Vij, Anjali, Costello, Anthony J, Chow, Ken, Corcoran, Niall M, Rais-Bahrami, Soroush, Phares, Courtney, Scherr, Douglas S, Flynn, Thomas, Karnes, R Jeffrey, Koch, Michael, Dhondt, Courtney Rose, Nelson, Joel B, McBride, Dawn, Cookson, Michael S, Stratton, Kelly L, Farriester, Stephen, Hemken, Erin, Stadler, Walter M, Pera, Tuula, Banionyte, Deimante, Bianco, Fernando J, Lopez, Isabel H, Loeb, Stacy, Taneja, Samir S, Byrne, Nataliya, Amling, Christopher L, Martinez, Ann, Boileau, Luc, Gaylis, Franklin D, Petkewicz, Jacqueline, Kirwen, Nicholas, Helfand, Brian T, Xu, Jianfeng, Scholtens, Denise M, Catalona, William J, Witte, John S, Jiang, Yu, Jiang, Yu, Meyers, Travis J, Emeka, Adaeze A, Cooley, Lauren Folgosa, Cooper, Phillip R, Lancki, Nicola, Helenowski, Irene, Kachuri, Linda, Lin, Daniel W, Stanford, Janet L, Newcomb, Lisa F, Kolb, Suzanne, Finelli, Antonio, Fleshner, Neil E, Komisarenko, Maria, Eastham, James A, Ehdaie, Behfar, Benfante, Nicole, Logothetis, Christopher J, Gregg, Justin R, Perez, Cherie A, Garza, Sergio, Kim, Jeri, Marks, Leonard S, Delfin, Merdie, Barsa, Danielle, Vesprini, Danny, Klotz, Laurence H, Loblaw, Andrew, Mamedov, Alexandre, Goldenberg, S Larry, Higano, Celestia S, Spillane, Maria, Wu, Eugenia, Carter, H Ballentine, Pavlovich, Christian P, Mamawala, Mufaddal, Landis, Tricia, Carroll, Peter R, Chan, June M, Cooperberg, Matthew R, Cowan, Janet E, Morgan, Todd M, Siddiqui, Javed, Martin, Rabia, Klein, Eric A, Brittain, Karen, Gotwald, Paige, Barocas, Daniel A, Dallmer, Jeremiah R, Gordetsky, Jennifer B, Steele, Pam, Kundu, Shilajit D, Stockdale, Jazmine, Roobol, Monique J, Venderbos, Lionne DF, Sanda, Martin G, Arnold, Rebecca, Patil, Dattatraya, Evans, Christopher P, Dall'Era, Marc A, Vij, Anjali, Costello, Anthony J, Chow, Ken, Corcoran, Niall M, Rais-Bahrami, Soroush, Phares, Courtney, Scherr, Douglas S, Flynn, Thomas, Karnes, R Jeffrey, Koch, Michael, Dhondt, Courtney Rose, Nelson, Joel B, McBride, Dawn, Cookson, Michael S, Stratton, Kelly L, Farriester, Stephen, Hemken, Erin, Stadler, Walter M, Pera, Tuula, Banionyte, Deimante, Bianco, Fernando J, Lopez, Isabel H, Loeb, Stacy, Taneja, Samir S, Byrne, Nataliya, Amling, Christopher L, Martinez, Ann, Boileau, Luc, Gaylis, Franklin D, Petkewicz, Jacqueline, Kirwen, Nicholas, Helfand, Brian T, Xu, Jianfeng, Scholtens, Denise M, Catalona, William J, and Witte, John S

Abstract

Men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer (PC) are increasingly electing active surveillance (AS) as their initial management strategy. While this may reduce the side effects of treatment for prostate cancer, many men on AS eventually convert to active treatment. PC is one of the most heritable cancers, and genetic factors that predispose to aggressive tumors may help distinguish men who are more likely to discontinue AS. To investigate this, we undertook a multi-institutional genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 5,222 PC patients and 1,139 other patients from replication cohorts, all of whom initially elected AS and were followed over time for the potential outcome of conversion from AS to active treatment. In the GWAS we detected 18 variants associated with conversion, 15 of which were not previously associated with PC risk. With a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), we found two genes associated with conversion (MAST3, p = 6.9×10-7 and GAB2, p = 2.0×10-6). Moreover, increasing values of a previously validated 269-variant genetic risk score (GRS) for PC was positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the highest to the two middle deciles gave a hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]= 0.94-1.36); whereas, decreasing values of a 36-variant GRS for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the lowest to the two middle deciles gave a HR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50). These results suggest that germline genetics may help inform and individualize the decision of AS-or the intensity of monitoring on AS-versus treatment for the initial management of patients with low-risk PC.

Published
2022

6. The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : health at the mercy of fossil fuels

Author

Romanello, Marina, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Green, Carole, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Scamman, Daniel, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Ford, Lea Berrang, Belesova, Kristine, Bowen, Kathryn, Cai, Wenjia, Callaghan, Max, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Chambers, Jonathan, van Daalen, Kim R., Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L, Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H., Hamilton, Ian, Hang, Yun, Hänninen, Risto, Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Hess, Jeremy J., Hsu, Shih-Che, Jankin, Slava, Jamart, Louis, Jay, Ollie, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K. W., Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Batista, Martin Lotto, Lowe, Rachel, MacGuire, Frances, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Minx, Jan C., Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, O'Hare, Megan B., Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth J. Z., Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N., Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi D., Shi, Liuhua, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Silbert, Grant, Sofiev, Mikhail, Springmann, Marco, Stowell, Jennifer, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Triñanes, Joaquin, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias-González, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, Romanello, Marina, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Green, Carole, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Scamman, Daniel, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Ford, Lea Berrang, Belesova, Kristine, Bowen, Kathryn, Cai, Wenjia, Callaghan, Max, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Chambers, Jonathan, van Daalen, Kim R., Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L, Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H., Hamilton, Ian, Hang, Yun, Hänninen, Risto, Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Hess, Jeremy J., Hsu, Shih-Che, Jankin, Slava, Jamart, Louis, Jay, Ollie, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K. W., Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Batista, Martin Lotto, Lowe, Rachel, MacGuire, Frances, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Minx, Jan C., Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, O'Hare, Megan B., Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth J. Z., Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N., Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi D., Shi, Liuhua, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Silbert, Grant, Sofiev, Mikhail, Springmann, Marco, Stowell, Jennifer, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Triñanes, Joaquin, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias-González, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

Correction: Department of Error, The Lancet, Volume 400, Issue 10364, 2022, Page 1680, ISSN 0140-6736, DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02169-9.

Published
2022
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7. The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change:health at the mercy of fossil fuels

Author

Romanello, Marina, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Green, Carole, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Scamman, Daniel, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Ford, Lea Berrang, Belesova, Kristine, Bowen, Kathryn, Cai, Wenjia, Callaghan, Max, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Chambers, Jonathan, van Daalen, Kim R., Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H., Hamilton, Ian, Hang, Yun, Hänninen, Risto, Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Hess, Jeremy J., Hsu, Shih Che, Jankin, Slava, Jamart, Louis, Jay, Ollie, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K.W., Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Batista, Martin Lotto, Lowe, Rachel, MacGuire, Frances, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Minx, Jan C., Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, O'Hare, Megan B., Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth J.Z., Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N., Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi D., Shi, Liuhua, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Silbert, Grant, Sofiev, Mikhail, Springmann, Marco, Stowell, Jennifer, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Triñanes, Joaquin, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias-González, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, Romanello, Marina, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Green, Carole, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Scamman, Daniel, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Ford, Lea Berrang, Belesova, Kristine, Bowen, Kathryn, Cai, Wenjia, Callaghan, Max, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Chambers, Jonathan, van Daalen, Kim R., Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H., Hamilton, Ian, Hang, Yun, Hänninen, Risto, Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Hess, Jeremy J., Hsu, Shih Che, Jankin, Slava, Jamart, Louis, Jay, Ollie, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K.W., Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Batista, Martin Lotto, Lowe, Rachel, MacGuire, Frances, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Minx, Jan C., Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, O'Hare, Megan B., Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth J.Z., Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N., Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi D., Shi, Liuhua, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Silbert, Grant, Sofiev, Mikhail, Springmann, Marco, Stowell, Jennifer, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Triñanes, Joaquin, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias-González, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown is published as the world confronts profound and concurrent systemic shocks. Countries and health systems continue to contend with the health, social, and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, while Russia's invasion of Ukraine and a persistent fossil fuel overdependence has pushed the world into global energy and cost-of-living crises. As these crises unfold, climate change escalates unabated. Its worsening impacts are increasingly affecting the foundations of human health and wellbeing, exacerbating the vulnerability of the world's populations to concurrent health threats. During 2021 and 2022, extreme weather events caused devastation across every continent, adding further pressure to health services already grappling with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Floods in Australia, Brazil, China, western Europe, Malaysia, Pakistan, South Africa, and South Sudan caused thousands of deaths, displaced hundreds of thousands of people, and caused billions of dollars in economic losses. Wildfires caused devastation in Canada, the USA, Greece, Algeria, Italy, Spain, and Türkiye, and record temperatures were recorded in many countries, including Australia, Canada, India, Italy, Oman, Türkiye, Pakistan, and the UK. With advancements in the science of detection and attribution studies, the influence of climate change over many events has now been quantified. Because of the rapidly increasing temperatures, vulnerable populations (adults older than 65 years, and children younger than one year of age) were exposed to 3·7 billion more heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986–2005 (indicator 1.1.2), and heat-related deaths increased by 68% between 2000–04 and 2017–21 (indicator 1.1.5), a death toll that was significantly exacerbated by the confluence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Simultaneously, the changing climate is affecting the spread of infectious diseases, putting populations at higher risk of emerging

Published
2022

8. Systematic review and narrative synthesis of the impact of Appreciative Inquiry in healthcare

Author

Merriel, Abi, Wilson, Amie, Decker, Emily, Hussein, Julia, Larkin, Michael, Barnard, Katie, O’Dair, Millie, Costello, Anthony, Malata, Address, Coomarasamy, Arri, Merriel, Abi, Wilson, Amie, Decker, Emily, Hussein, Julia, Larkin, Michael, Barnard, Katie, O’Dair, Millie, Costello, Anthony, Malata, Address, and Coomarasamy, Arri

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Appreciative Inquiry is a motivational, organisational change intervention, which can be used to improve the quality and safety of healthcare. It encourages organisations to focus on the positive and investigate the best of 'what is' before thinking of 'what might be', deciding 'what should be' and experiencing 'what can be'. Its effects in healthcare are poorly understood. This review seeks to evaluate whether Appreciative Inquiry can improve healthcare. METHODS: Major electronic databases and grey literature were searched. Two authors identified reports of Appreciative Inquiry in clinical settings by screening study titles, abstracts and full texts. Data extraction, in duplicate, grouped outcomes into an adapted Kirkpatrick model: participant reaction, attitudes, knowledge/skills, behaviour change, organisational change and patient outcomes. RESULTS: We included 33 studies. One randomised controlled trial, 9 controlled observational studies, 4 qualitative studies and 19 non-controlled observational reports. Study quality was generally poor, with most having significant risk of bias. Studies report that Appreciative Inquiry impacts outcomes at all Kirkpatrick levels. Participant reaction was positive in the 16 studies reporting it. Attitudes changed in the seventeen studies that reported them. Knowledge/skills changed in the 14 studies that reported it, although in one it was not universal. Behaviour change occurred in 12 of the 13 studies reporting it. Organisational change occurred in all 23 studies that reported it. Patient outcomes were reported in eight studies, six of which reported positive changes and two of which showed no change. CONCLUSION: There is minimal empirical evidence to support the effectiveness of Appreciative Inquiry in improving healthcare. However, the qualitative and observational evidence suggests that Appreciative Inquiry may have a positive impact on clinical care, leading to improved patient and organisational outcomes. It i

Published
2022

9. The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : responding to converging crises

Author

Watts, Nick, Amann, Markus, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Beagley, Jessica, Belesova, Kristine, Boykoff, Maxwell, Byass, Peter, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Capstick, Stuart, Chambers, Jonathan, Coleman, Samantha, Dalin, Carole, Daly, Meaghan, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Di Napoli, Claudia, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Drummond, Paul, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Golder, Su, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Haggar, Paul, Hamilton, Ian, Hartinger, Stella, Hess, Jeremy, Hsu, Shih-Che, Hughes, Nick, Jankin Mikhaylov, Slava, Jimenez, Marcia P., Kelman, Ilan, Kennard, Harry, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick L., Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lampard, Pete, Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, McMichael, Celia, Milner, James, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Quinn, Ruth, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Romanello, Marina, Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi, Shi, Liuhua, Springmann, Marco, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Triñanes, Joaquin, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Vu, Bryan, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, Watts, Nick, Amann, Markus, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Beagley, Jessica, Belesova, Kristine, Boykoff, Maxwell, Byass, Peter, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Capstick, Stuart, Chambers, Jonathan, Coleman, Samantha, Dalin, Carole, Daly, Meaghan, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Di Napoli, Claudia, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Drummond, Paul, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Golder, Su, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Haggar, Paul, Hamilton, Ian, Hartinger, Stella, Hess, Jeremy, Hsu, Shih-Che, Hughes, Nick, Jankin Mikhaylov, Slava, Jimenez, Marcia P., Kelman, Ilan, Kennard, Harry, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick L., Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lampard, Pete, Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, McMichael, Celia, Milner, James, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Quinn, Ruth, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Romanello, Marina, Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi, Shi, Liuhua, Springmann, Marco, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Triñanes, Joaquin, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Vu, Bryan, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking the emerging health profile of the changing climate. The 2020 report presents 43 indicators across five sections: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerabilities; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. This report represents the findings and consensus of the 35 leading academic institutions and UN agencies that make up The Lancet Countdown, and draws on the expertise of climate scientists, geographers, engineers, experts in energy, food, and transport, economists, social, and political scientists, data scientists, public health professionals, and doctors.

Published
2021
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10. Participatory learning and action cycles with women s groups to prevent neonatal death in low-resource settings : A multi-country comparison of cost-effectiveness and affordability

Author

Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Haghparast-Bidgoli, Hassan, Batura, Neha, Colbourn, Tim, Azad, Kishwar, Banda, Florida, Banda, Lumbani, Borghi, Josephine, Fottrell, Edward, Kim, Sungwook, Makwenda, Charles, Ojha, Amit Kumar, Prost, Audrey, Rosato, Mikey, Shaha, Sanjit Kumer, Sinha, Rajesh, Costello, Anthony, Skordis, Jolene, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Haghparast-Bidgoli, Hassan, Batura, Neha, Colbourn, Tim, Azad, Kishwar, Banda, Florida, Banda, Lumbani, Borghi, Josephine, Fottrell, Edward, Kim, Sungwook, Makwenda, Charles, Ojha, Amit Kumar, Prost, Audrey, Rosato, Mikey, Shaha, Sanjit Kumer, Sinha, Rajesh, Costello, Anthony, and Skordis, Jolene

Abstract

WHO recommends participatory learning and action cycles with women's groups as a cost-effective strategy to reduce neonatal deaths. Coverage is a determinant of intervention effectiveness, but little is known about why cost-effectiveness estimates vary significantly. This article reanalyses primary cost data from six trials in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Malawi to describe resource use, explore reasons for differences in costs and cost-effectiveness ratios, and model the cost of scale-up. Primary cost data were collated, and costing methods harmonized. Effectiveness was extracted from a meta-analysis and converted to neonatal life-years saved. Cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated from the provider perspective compared with current practice. Associations between unit costs and cost-effectiveness ratios with coverage, scale and intensity were explored. Scale-up costs and outcomes were modelled using local unit costs and the meta-analysis effect estimate for neonatal mortality. Results were expressed in 2016 international dollars. The average cost was $203 (range: $61-$537) per live birth. Start-up costs were large, and spending on staff was the main cost component. The cost per neonatal life-year saved ranged from $135 to $1627. The intervention was highly cost-effective when using income-based thresholds. Variation in cost-effectiveness across trials was strongly correlated with costs. Removing discounting of costs and life-years substantially reduced all cost-effectiveness ratios. The cost of rolling out the intervention to rural populations ranges from 1.2% to 6.3% of government health expenditure in the four countries. Our analyses demonstrate the challenges faced by economic evaluations of community-based interventions evaluated using a cluster randomized controlled trial design. Our results confirm that women's groups are a cost-effective and potentially affordable strategy for improving birth outcomes among rural populations.

Published
2021
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11. The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : code red for a healthy future

Author

Romanello, Marina, McGushin, Alice, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Hughes, Nick, Jamart, Louis, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Solano Rodriguez, Baltazar, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Belesova, Kristine, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Capstick, Stuart, Chambers, Jonathan, Chu, Lingzhi, Ciampi, Luisa, Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L, Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E, Georgeson, Lucien, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H, Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Heaviside, Clare, Hess, Jeremy, Hsu, Shih-Che, Jankin, Slava, Jimenez, Marcia P, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick L, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K W, Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A, Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N, Semenza, Jan C, Sherman, Jodi, Shi, Liuhua, Springmann, Marco, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Trinanes, Joaquin, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Vu, Bryan, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, Hamilton, Ian, Romanello, Marina, McGushin, Alice, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Hughes, Nick, Jamart, Louis, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Solano Rodriguez, Baltazar, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Belesova, Kristine, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Capstick, Stuart, Chambers, Jonathan, Chu, Lingzhi, Ciampi, Luisa, Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L, Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E, Georgeson, Lucien, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H, Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Heaviside, Clare, Hess, Jeremy, Hsu, Shih-Che, Jankin, Slava, Jimenez, Marcia P, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick L, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K W, Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A, Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N, Semenza, Jan C, Sherman, Jodi, Shi, Liuhua, Springmann, Marco, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Trinanes, Joaquin, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Vu, Bryan, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, and Hamilton, Ian

Published
2021
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12. The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change:code red for a healthy future

Author

Romanello, Marina, McGushin, Alice, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Hughes, Nick, Jamart, Louis, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Solano Rodriguez, Baltazar, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Belesova, Kristine, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Capstick, Stuart, Chambers, Jonathan, Chu, Lingzhi, Ciampi, Luisa, Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H., Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Heaviside, Clare, Hess, Jeremy, Hsu, Shih Che, Jankin, Slava, Jimenez, Marcia P., Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick L., Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K.W., Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N., Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi, Shi, Liuhua, Springmann, Marco, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Trinanes, Joaquin, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Vu, Bryan, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, Hamilton, Ian, Romanello, Marina, McGushin, Alice, Di Napoli, Claudia, Drummond, Paul, Hughes, Nick, Jamart, Louis, Kennard, Harry, Lampard, Pete, Solano Rodriguez, Baltazar, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Belesova, Kristine, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Capstick, Stuart, Chambers, Jonathan, Chu, Lingzhi, Ciampi, Luisa, Dalin, Carole, Dasandi, Niheer, Dasgupta, Shouro, Davies, Michael, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Georgeson, Lucien, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Gunther, Samuel H., Hartinger, Stella, He, Kehan, Heaviside, Clare, Hess, Jeremy, Hsu, Shih Che, Jankin, Slava, Jimenez, Marcia P., Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kinney, Patrick L., Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lee, Jason K.W., Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zhao, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McMichael, Celia, Mi, Zhifu, Milner, James, Minor, Kelton, Mohajeri, Nahid, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Munzert, Simon, Murray, Kris A., Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Obradovich, Nick, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Otto, Matthias, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Salas, Renee N., Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi, Shi, Liuhua, Springmann, Marco, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Trinanes, Joaquin, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Vu, Bryan, Wagner, Fabian, Wilkinson, Paul, Winning, Matthew, Yglesias, Marisol, Zhang, Shihui, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, and Hamilton, Ian

Published
2021

13. Participatory learning and action cycles with women s groups to prevent neonatal death in low-resource settings : A multi-country comparison of cost-effectiveness and affordability

Author

Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Haghparast-Bidgoli, Hassan, Batura, Neha, Colbourn, Tim, Azad, Kishwar, Banda, Florida, Banda, Lumbani, Borghi, Josephine, Fottrell, Edward, Kim, Sungwook, Makwenda, Charles, Ojha, Amit Kumar, Prost, Audrey, Rosato, Mikey, Shaha, Sanjit Kumer, Sinha, Rajesh, Costello, Anthony, Skordis, Jolene, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Haghparast-Bidgoli, Hassan, Batura, Neha, Colbourn, Tim, Azad, Kishwar, Banda, Florida, Banda, Lumbani, Borghi, Josephine, Fottrell, Edward, Kim, Sungwook, Makwenda, Charles, Ojha, Amit Kumar, Prost, Audrey, Rosato, Mikey, Shaha, Sanjit Kumer, Sinha, Rajesh, Costello, Anthony, and Skordis, Jolene

Abstract

WHO recommends participatory learning and action cycles with women's groups as a cost-effective strategy to reduce neonatal deaths. Coverage is a determinant of intervention effectiveness, but little is known about why cost-effectiveness estimates vary significantly. This article reanalyses primary cost data from six trials in India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Malawi to describe resource use, explore reasons for differences in costs and cost-effectiveness ratios, and model the cost of scale-up. Primary cost data were collated, and costing methods harmonized. Effectiveness was extracted from a meta-analysis and converted to neonatal life-years saved. Cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated from the provider perspective compared with current practice. Associations between unit costs and cost-effectiveness ratios with coverage, scale and intensity were explored. Scale-up costs and outcomes were modelled using local unit costs and the meta-analysis effect estimate for neonatal mortality. Results were expressed in 2016 international dollars. The average cost was $203 (range: $61-$537) per live birth. Start-up costs were large, and spending on staff was the main cost component. The cost per neonatal life-year saved ranged from $135 to $1627. The intervention was highly cost-effective when using income-based thresholds. Variation in cost-effectiveness across trials was strongly correlated with costs. Removing discounting of costs and life-years substantially reduced all cost-effectiveness ratios. The cost of rolling out the intervention to rural populations ranges from 1.2% to 6.3% of government health expenditure in the four countries. Our analyses demonstrate the challenges faced by economic evaluations of community-based interventions evaluated using a cluster randomized controlled trial design. Our results confirm that women's groups are a cost-effective and potentially affordable strategy for improving birth outcomes among rural populations.

Published
2020
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14. Implementation of Germline Testing for Prostate Cancer: Philadelphia Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference 2019.

Author

Giri, Veda N, Giri, Veda N, Knudsen, Karen E, Kelly, William K, Cheng, Heather H, Cooney, Kathleen A, Cookson, Michael S, Dahut, William, Weissman, Scott, Soule, Howard R, Petrylak, Daniel P, Dicker, Adam P, AlDubayan, Saud H, Toland, Amanda E, Pritchard, Colin C, Pettaway, Curtis A, Daly, Mary B, Mohler, James L, Parsons, J Kellogg, Carroll, Peter R, Pilarski, Robert, Blanco, Amie, Woodson, Ashley, Rahm, Alanna, Taplin, Mary-Ellen, Polascik, Thomas J, Helfand, Brian T, Hyatt, Colette, Morgans, Alicia K, Feng, Felix, Mullane, Michael, Powers, Jacqueline, Concepcion, Raoul, Lin, Daniel W, Wender, Richard, Mark, James Ryan, Costello, Anthony, Burnett, Arthur L, Sartor, Oliver, Isaacs, William B, Xu, Jianfeng, Weitzel, Jeffrey, Andriole, Gerald L, Beltran, Himisha, Briganti, Alberto, Byrne, Lindsey, Calvaresi, Anne, Chandrasekar, Thenappan, Chen, David YT, Den, Robert B, Dobi, Albert, Crawford, E David, Eastham, James, Eggener, Scott, Freedman, Matthew L, Garnick, Marc, Gomella, Patrick T, Handley, Nathan, Hurwitz, Mark D, Izes, Joseph, Karnes, R Jeffrey, Lallas, Costas, Languino, Lucia, Loeb, Stacy, Lopez, Ana Maria, Loughlin, Kevin R, Lu-Yao, Grace, Malkowicz, S Bruce, Mann, Mark, Mille, Patrick, Miner, Martin M, Morgan, Todd, Moreno, Jose, Mucci, Lorelei, Myers, Ronald E, Nielsen, Sarah M, O'Neil, Brock, Pinover, Wayne, Pinto, Peter, Poage, Wendy, Raj, Ganesh V, Rebbeck, Timothy R, Ryan, Charles, Sandler, Howard, Schiewer, Matthew, Scott, E Michael D, Szymaniak, Brittany, Tester, William, Trabulsi, Edouard J, Vapiwala, Neha, Yu, Evan Y, Zeigler-Johnson, Charnita, Gomella, Leonard G, Giri, Veda N, Giri, Veda N, Knudsen, Karen E, Kelly, William K, Cheng, Heather H, Cooney, Kathleen A, Cookson, Michael S, Dahut, William, Weissman, Scott, Soule, Howard R, Petrylak, Daniel P, Dicker, Adam P, AlDubayan, Saud H, Toland, Amanda E, Pritchard, Colin C, Pettaway, Curtis A, Daly, Mary B, Mohler, James L, Parsons, J Kellogg, Carroll, Peter R, Pilarski, Robert, Blanco, Amie, Woodson, Ashley, Rahm, Alanna, Taplin, Mary-Ellen, Polascik, Thomas J, Helfand, Brian T, Hyatt, Colette, Morgans, Alicia K, Feng, Felix, Mullane, Michael, Powers, Jacqueline, Concepcion, Raoul, Lin, Daniel W, Wender, Richard, Mark, James Ryan, Costello, Anthony, Burnett, Arthur L, Sartor, Oliver, Isaacs, William B, Xu, Jianfeng, Weitzel, Jeffrey, Andriole, Gerald L, Beltran, Himisha, Briganti, Alberto, Byrne, Lindsey, Calvaresi, Anne, Chandrasekar, Thenappan, Chen, David YT, Den, Robert B, Dobi, Albert, Crawford, E David, Eastham, James, Eggener, Scott, Freedman, Matthew L, Garnick, Marc, Gomella, Patrick T, Handley, Nathan, Hurwitz, Mark D, Izes, Joseph, Karnes, R Jeffrey, Lallas, Costas, Languino, Lucia, Loeb, Stacy, Lopez, Ana Maria, Loughlin, Kevin R, Lu-Yao, Grace, Malkowicz, S Bruce, Mann, Mark, Mille, Patrick, Miner, Martin M, Morgan, Todd, Moreno, Jose, Mucci, Lorelei, Myers, Ronald E, Nielsen, Sarah M, O'Neil, Brock, Pinover, Wayne, Pinto, Peter, Poage, Wendy, Raj, Ganesh V, Rebbeck, Timothy R, Ryan, Charles, Sandler, Howard, Schiewer, Matthew, Scott, E Michael D, Szymaniak, Brittany, Tester, William, Trabulsi, Edouard J, Vapiwala, Neha, Yu, Evan Y, Zeigler-Johnson, Charnita, and Gomella, Leonard G

Abstract

PurposeGermline testing (GT) is a central feature of prostate cancer (PCA) treatment, management, and hereditary cancer assessment. Critical needs include optimized multigene testing strategies that incorporate evolving genetic data, consistency in GT indications and management, and alternate genetic evaluation models that address the rising demand for genetic services.MethodsA multidisciplinary consensus conference that included experts, stakeholders, and national organization leaders was convened in response to current practice challenges and to develop a genetic implementation framework. Evidence review informed questions using the modified Delphi model. The final framework included criteria with strong (> 75%) agreement (Recommend) or moderate (50% to 74%) agreement (Consider).ResultsLarge germline panels and somatic testing were recommended for metastatic PCA. Reflex testing-initial testing of priority genes followed by expanded testing-was suggested for multiple scenarios. Metastatic disease or family history suggestive of hereditary PCA was recommended for GT. Additional family history and pathologic criteria garnered moderate consensus. Priority genes to test for metastatic disease treatment included BRCA2, BRCA1, and mismatch repair genes, with broader testing, such as ATM, for clinical trial eligibility. BRCA2 was recommended for active surveillance discussions. Screening starting at age 40 years or 10 years before the youngest PCA diagnosis in a family was recommended for BRCA2 carriers, with consideration in HOXB13, BRCA1, ATM, and mismatch repair carriers. Collaborative (point-of-care) evaluation models between health care and genetic providers was endorsed to address the genetic counseling shortage. The genetic evaluation framework included optimal pretest informed consent, post-test discussion, cascade testing, and technology-based approaches.ConclusionThis multidisciplinary, consensus-driven PCA genetic implementation framework provides novel guid

Published
2020

16. The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate

Author

Watts, Nick, Amann, Markus, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Belesova, Kristine, Boykoff, Maxwell, Byass, Peter, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Capstick, Stuart, Chambers, Jonathan, Dalin, Carole, Daly, Meaghan, Dasandi, Niheer, Davies, Michael, Drummond, Paul, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Montoya, Lucia Fernandez, Georgeson, Lucien, Graham, Hilary, Haggar, Paul, Hamilton, Ian, Hartinger, Stella, Hess, Jeremy, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, Mikhaylov, Slava Jankin, Milner, James, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Murray, Kris, Munzert, Simon, Nilsson, Maria, Neville, Tara, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Phung, Dung, Pye, Steve, Quinn, Ruth, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Trinanes, Joaquin, Wilkinson, Paul, Costello, Anthony, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Watts, Nick, Amann, Markus, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Belesova, Kristine, Boykoff, Maxwell, Byass, Peter, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Capstick, Stuart, Chambers, Jonathan, Dalin, Carole, Daly, Meaghan, Dasandi, Niheer, Davies, Michael, Drummond, Paul, Dubrow, Robert, Ebi, Kristie L., Eckelman, Matthew, Ekins, Paul, Escobar, Luis E., Montoya, Lucia Fernandez, Georgeson, Lucien, Graham, Hilary, Haggar, Paul, Hamilton, Ian, Hartinger, Stella, Hess, Jeremy, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lemke, Bruno, Liu, Yang, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, McGushin, Alice, Mikhaylov, Slava Jankin, Milner, James, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Murray, Kris, Munzert, Simon, Nilsson, Maria, Neville, Tara, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Phung, Dung, Pye, Steve, Quinn, Ruth, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Semenza, Jan C., Sherman, Jodi, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Taylor, Jonathon, Trinanes, Joaquin, Wilkinson, Paul, Costello, Anthony, Gong, Peng, and Montgomery, Hugh

Published
2019
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17. A prediction model for neonatal mortality in low- and middle-income countries:an analysis of data from population surveillance sites in India, Nepal and Bangladesh

Author

Houweling, Tanja A. J., van Klaveren, David, Das, Sushmita, Azad, Kishwar, Tripathy, Prasanta, Manandhar, Dharma, Neuman, Melissa, de Jonge, Erik, Been, Jasper V., Steyerberg, Ewout, Costello, Anthony, Houweling, Tanja A. J., van Klaveren, David, Das, Sushmita, Azad, Kishwar, Tripathy, Prasanta, Manandhar, Dharma, Neuman, Melissa, de Jonge, Erik, Been, Jasper V., Steyerberg, Ewout, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

Background: In poor settings, where many births and neonatal deaths occur at home, prediction models of neonatal mortality in the general population can aid public-health policy-making. No such models are available in the international literature. We developed and validated a prediction model for neonatal mortality in the general population in India, Nepal and Bangladesh.Methods: Using data (49632 live births, 1742 neonatal deaths) from rural and urban surveillance sites in South Asia, we developed regression models to predict the risk of neonatal death with characteristics known at (i) the start of pregnancy, (ii) start of delivery and (iii) 5 minutes post partum. We assessed the models' discriminative ability by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), using cross-validation between sites.Results: At the start of pregnancy, predictive ability was moderate {AUC 0.59 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-0.61]} and predictors of neonatal death were low maternal education and economic status, short birth interval, primigravida, and young and advanced maternal age. At the start of delivery, predictive ability was considerably better [AUC 0.73 (95% CI 0.70-0.76)] and prematurity and multiple pregnancy were strong predictors of death. At 5 minutes post partum, predictive ability was good [AUC: 0.85 (95% CI 0.80-0.89)]; very strong predictors were multiple birth, prematurity and a poor condition of the infant at 5 minutes.Conclusions: We developed good performing prediction models for neonatal mortality. Neonatal deaths are highly concentrated in a small group of high-risk infants, even in poor settings in South Asia. Risk assessment, as supported by our models, can be used as a basis for improving community- and facility-based newborn care and prevention strategies in poor settings.

Published
2019

18. Leadership, action, learning and accountability to deliver quality care for women, newborns and children.

Author

Adeniran, Abosede, Likaka, Andrew, Knutsson, Anneka, Costello, Anthony, Daelmans, Bernadette, Maliqi, Blerta, Burssa, Daniel, Freer, Joseph, Askew, Ian, Bowen, Lisa, Kak, Lily, McDougall, Lori, Zaka, Nabila, Tunçalp, Özge, Tenhoope-Bender, Petra, Syed, Shamsuzzoha Babar, Swartling Peterson, Stefan, Luchesi, Thiago, Zeck, Willibald, Were, Wilson, Barker, Pierre, Naimy, Zainab, Adeniran, Abosede, Likaka, Andrew, Knutsson, Anneka, Costello, Anthony, Daelmans, Bernadette, Maliqi, Blerta, Burssa, Daniel, Freer, Joseph, Askew, Ian, Bowen, Lisa, Kak, Lily, McDougall, Lori, Zaka, Nabila, Tunçalp, Özge, Tenhoope-Bender, Petra, Syed, Shamsuzzoha Babar, Swartling Peterson, Stefan, Luchesi, Thiago, Zeck, Willibald, Were, Wilson, Barker, Pierre, and Naimy, Zainab

Published
2018
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19. The 2018 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : shaping the health of nations for centuries to come

Author

Watts, Nick, Amann, Markus, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Belesova, Kristine, Berry, Helen, Bouley, Timothy, Boykoff, Maxwell, Byass, Peter, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Chambers, Jonathan, Daly, Meaghan, Dasandi, Niheer, Davies, Michael, Depoux, Anneliese, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Drummond, Paul, Ebi, Kristie L, Ekins, Paul, Montoya, Lucia Fernandez, Fischer, Helen, Georgeson, Lucien, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Hamilton, Ian, Hartinger, Stella, Hess, Jeremy, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lemke, Bruno, Liang, Lu, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, Mikhaylov, Slava Jankin, Milner, James, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Murray, Kris, Nilsson, Maria, Neville, Tara, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Pye, Steve, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Saxer, Olivia, Schütte, Stefanie, Semenza, Jan C, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Steinbach, Rebecca, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Tomei, Julia, Trinanes, Joaquin, Wheeler, Nicola, Wilkinson, Paul, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, Watts, Nick, Amann, Markus, Arnell, Nigel, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Belesova, Kristine, Berry, Helen, Bouley, Timothy, Boykoff, Maxwell, Byass, Peter, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Chambers, Jonathan, Daly, Meaghan, Dasandi, Niheer, Davies, Michael, Depoux, Anneliese, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Drummond, Paul, Ebi, Kristie L, Ekins, Paul, Montoya, Lucia Fernandez, Fischer, Helen, Georgeson, Lucien, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Hamilton, Ian, Hartinger, Stella, Hess, Jeremy, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kjellstrom, Tord, Kniveton, Dominic, Lemke, Bruno, Liang, Lu, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Rachel, Sewe, Maquins Odhiambo, Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime, Maslin, Mark, McAllister, Lucy, Mikhaylov, Slava Jankin, Milner, James, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Murray, Kris, Nilsson, Maria, Neville, Tara, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pearman, Olivia, Pencheon, David, Pye, Steve, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Saxer, Olivia, Schütte, Stefanie, Semenza, Jan C, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Steinbach, Rebecca, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Tomei, Julia, Trinanes, Joaquin, Wheeler, Nicola, Wilkinson, Paul, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, and Costello, Anthony

Published
2018
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20. Impact on birth weight and child growth of Participatory Learning and Action women’s groups with and without transfers of food or cash during pregnancy : Findings of the low birth weight South Asia cluster-randomised controlled trial (LBWSAT) in Nepal

Author

Saville, Naomi M., Shrestha, Bhim P., Style, Sarah, Harris-Fry, Helen, Beard, B. James, Sen, Aman, Jha, Sonali, Rai, Anjana, Paudel, Vikas, Sah, Raghbendra, Paudel, Puskar, Copas, Andrew, Bhandari, Bishnu, Neupane, Rishi, Morrison, Joanna, Gram, Lu, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Skordis-Worrall, Jolene, Basnet, Machhindra, de Pee, Saskia, Hall, Andrew, Harthan, Jayne, Thondoo, Meelan, Klingberg, Sonja, Messick, Janice, Manandhar, Dharma S., Osrin, David, Costello, Anthony, Saville, Naomi M., Shrestha, Bhim P., Style, Sarah, Harris-Fry, Helen, Beard, B. James, Sen, Aman, Jha, Sonali, Rai, Anjana, Paudel, Vikas, Sah, Raghbendra, Paudel, Puskar, Copas, Andrew, Bhandari, Bishnu, Neupane, Rishi, Morrison, Joanna, Gram, Lu, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Skordis-Worrall, Jolene, Basnet, Machhindra, de Pee, Saskia, Hall, Andrew, Harthan, Jayne, Thondoo, Meelan, Klingberg, Sonja, Messick, Janice, Manandhar, Dharma S., Osrin, David, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

Background Undernutrition during pregnancy leads to low birthweight, poor growth and inter-generational undernutrition. We did a non-blinded cluster-randomised controlled trial in the plains districts of Dhanusha and Mahottari, Nepal to assess the impact on birthweight and weight-for-age z-scores among children aged 0–16 months of community-based participatory learning and action (PLA) women’s groups, with and without food or cash transfers to pregnant women. Methods We randomly allocated 20 clusters per arm to four arms (average population/cluster = 6150). All consenting married women aged 10–49 years, who had not had tubal ligation and whose husbands had not had vasectomy, were monitored for missed menses. Between 29 Dec 2013 and 28 Feb 2015 we recruited 25,092 pregnant women to surveillance and interventions: PLA alone (n = 5626); PLA plus food (10 kg/month of fortified wheat-soya ‘Super Cereal’, n = 6884); PLA plus cash (NPR750≈US$7.5/month, n = 7272); control (existing government programmes, n = 5310). 539 PLA groups discussed and implemented strategies to improve low birthweight, nutrition in pregnancy and hand washing. Primary outcomes were birthweight within 72 hours of delivery and weight-for-age z-scores at endline (age 0–16 months). Only children born to permanent residents between 4 June 2014 and 20 June 2015 were eligible for intention to treat analyses (n = 10936), while in-migrating women and children born before interventions had been running for 16 weeks were excluded. Trial status: completed. Results In PLA plus food/cash arms, 94–97% of pregnant women attended groups and received a mean of four transfers over their pregnancies. In the PLA only arm, 49% of pregnant women attended groups. Due to unrest, the response rate for birthweight was low at 22% (n = 2087), but response rate for endline nutritional and dietary measures exceeded 83% (n = 9242). Compared to the control arm (n = 464), mean birthweight was significantly higher in the PLA plus food

Published
2018
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21. The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change : from 25 years of inaction to a global transformation for public health

Author

Watts, Nick, Amann, Markus, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Belesova, Kristine, Bouley, Timothy, Boykoff, Maxwell, Byass, Peter, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Chambers, Jonathan, Cox, Peter M, Daly, Meaghan, Dasandi, Niheer, Davies, Michael, Depledge, Michael, Depoux, Anneliese, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Drummond, Paul, Ekins, Paul, Flahault, Antoine, Frumkin, Howard, Georgeson, Lucien, Ghanei, Mostafa, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Grojsman, Rébecca, Haines, Andy, Hamilton, Ian, Hartinger, Stella, Johnson, Anne, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kniveton, Dominic, Liang, Lu, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Robert, Mace, Georgina, Odhiambo Sewe, Maquins, Maslin, Mark, Mikhaylov, Slava, Milner, James, Latifi, Ali Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Murray, Kris, Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pencheon, David, Pye, Steve, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Schütte, Stefanie, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Steinbach, Rebecca, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Wheeler, Nicola, Wilkinson, Paul, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, Watts, Nick, Amann, Markus, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Belesova, Kristine, Bouley, Timothy, Boykoff, Maxwell, Byass, Peter, Cai, Wenjia, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Chambers, Jonathan, Cox, Peter M, Daly, Meaghan, Dasandi, Niheer, Davies, Michael, Depledge, Michael, Depoux, Anneliese, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Drummond, Paul, Ekins, Paul, Flahault, Antoine, Frumkin, Howard, Georgeson, Lucien, Ghanei, Mostafa, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Grojsman, Rébecca, Haines, Andy, Hamilton, Ian, Hartinger, Stella, Johnson, Anne, Kelman, Ilan, Kiesewetter, Gregor, Kniveton, Dominic, Liang, Lu, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Robert, Mace, Georgina, Odhiambo Sewe, Maquins, Maslin, Mark, Mikhaylov, Slava, Milner, James, Latifi, Ali Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Morrissey, Karyn, Murray, Kris, Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Owfi, Fereidoon, Pencheon, David, Pye, Steve, Rabbaniha, Mahnaz, Robinson, Elizabeth, Rocklöv, Joacim, Schütte, Stefanie, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Steinbach, Rebecca, Tabatabaei, Meisam, Wheeler, Nicola, Wilkinson, Paul, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

The Lancet Countdown tracks progress on health and climate change and provides an independent assessment of the health effects of climate change, the implementation of the Paris Agreement, 1 and the health implications of these actions. It follows on from the work of the 2015 Lancet Commission on Health and Climate Change, 2 which concluded that anthropogenic climate change threatens to undermine the past 50 years of gains in public health, and conversely, that a comprehensive response to climate change could be "the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century". The Lancet Countdown is a collaboration between 24 academic institutions and intergovernmental organisations based in every continent and with representation from a wide range of disciplines. The collaboration includes climate scientists, ecologists, economists, engineers, experts in energy, food, and transport systems, geographers, mathematicians, social and political scientists, public health professionals, and doctors. It reports annual indicators across five sections: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability; adaptation planning and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. The key messages from the 40 indicators in the Lancet Countdown's 2017 report are summarised below.

Published
2018
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22. The Lancet Countdown : tracking progress on health and climate change

Author

Watts, Nick, Adger, W Neil, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Bai, Yuqi, Byass, Peter, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Colbourn, Tim, Cox, Peter, Davies, Michael, Depledge, Michael, Depoux, Anneliese, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Drummond, Paul, Ekins, Paul, Flahault, Antoine, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Haines, Andy, Hamilton, Ian, Johnson, Anne, Kelman, Ilan, Kovats, Sari, Liang, Lu, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Robert, Luo, Yong, Mace, Georgina, Maslin, Mark, Morrissey, Karyn, Murray, Kris, Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Parthemore, Christine, Pencheon, David, Robinson, Elizabeth, Schütte, Stefanie, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Vineis, Paolo, Wilkinson, Paul, Wheeler, Nicola, Xu, Bing, Yang, Jun, Yin, Yongyuan, Yu, Chaoqing, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, Watts, Nick, Adger, W Neil, Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja, Bai, Yuqi, Byass, Peter, Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid, Colbourn, Tim, Cox, Peter, Davies, Michael, Depledge, Michael, Depoux, Anneliese, Dominguez-Salas, Paula, Drummond, Paul, Ekins, Paul, Flahault, Antoine, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Haines, Andy, Hamilton, Ian, Johnson, Anne, Kelman, Ilan, Kovats, Sari, Liang, Lu, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Robert, Luo, Yong, Mace, Georgina, Maslin, Mark, Morrissey, Karyn, Murray, Kris, Neville, Tara, Nilsson, Maria, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Parthemore, Christine, Pencheon, David, Robinson, Elizabeth, Schütte, Stefanie, Shumake-Guillemot, Joy, Vineis, Paolo, Wilkinson, Paul, Wheeler, Nicola, Xu, Bing, Yang, Jun, Yin, Yongyuan, Yu, Chaoqing, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

The Lancet Countdown: tracking progress on health and climate change is an international, multidisciplinary research collaboration between academic institutions and practitioners across the world. It follows on from the work of the 2015 Lancet Commission, which concluded that the response to climate change could be "the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century". The Lancet Countdown aims to track the health impacts of climate hazards; health resilience and adaptation; health co-benefits of climate change mitigation; economics and finance; and political and broader engagement. These focus areas form the five thematic working groups of the Lancet Countdown and represent different aspects of the complex association between health and climate change. These thematic groups will provide indicators for a global overview of health and climate change; national case studies highlighting countries leading the way or going against the trend; and engagement with a range of stakeholders. The Lancet Countdown ultimately aims to report annually on a series of indicators across these five working groups. This paper outlines the potential indicators and indicator domains to be tracked by the collaboration, with suggestions on the methodologies and datasets available to achieve this end. The proposed indicator domains require further refinement, and mark the beginning of an ongoing consultation process-from November, 2016 to early 2017-to develop these domains, identify key areas not currently covered, and change indicators where necessary. This collaboration will actively seek to engage with existing monitoring processes, such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals and WHO's climate and health country profiles. The indicators will also evolve over time through ongoing collaboration with experts and a range of stakeholders, and be dependent on the emergence of new evidence and knowledge. During the course of its work, the Lancet Countdown will adopt a collaborative and

Published
2017
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23. Experiences in running a complex electronic data capture system using mobile phones in a large-scale population trial in southern Nepal

Author

Style, Sarah, Beard, B. James, Harris-fry, Helen, Sengupta, Aman, Jha, Sonali, Shrestha, Bhim P., Rai, Anjana, Paudel, Vikas, Thondoo, Meelan, Pulkki-brannstrom, Anni-maria, Skordis-worrall, Jolene, Manandhar, Dharma S., Costello, Anthony, Saville, Naomi M., Style, Sarah, Beard, B. James, Harris-fry, Helen, Sengupta, Aman, Jha, Sonali, Shrestha, Bhim P., Rai, Anjana, Paudel, Vikas, Thondoo, Meelan, Pulkki-brannstrom, Anni-maria, Skordis-worrall, Jolene, Manandhar, Dharma S., Costello, Anthony, and Saville, Naomi M.

Abstract

The increasing availability and capabilities of mobile phones make them a feasible means of data collection. Electronic Data Capture (EDC) systems have been used widely for public health monitoring and surveillance activities, but documentation of their use in complicated research studies requiring multiple systems is limited. This paper shares our experiences of designing and implementing a complex multi-component EDC system for a community-based four-armed cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial in the rural plains of Nepal, to help other researchers planning to use EDC for complex studies in low-income settings. We designed and implemented three interrelated mobile phone data collection systems to enrol and follow-up pregnant women (trial participants), and to support the implementation of trial interventions (women’s groups, food and cash transfers). 720 field staff used basic phones to send simple coded text messages, 539 women’s group facilitators used Android smartphones with Open Data Kit Collect, and 112 Interviewers, Coordinators and Supervisors used smartphones with CommCare. Barcoded photo ID cards encoded with participant information were generated for each enrolled woman. Automated systems were developed to download, recode and merge data for nearly real-time access by researchers. The systems were successfully rolled out and used by 1371 staff. A total of 25,089 pregnant women were enrolled, and 17,839 follow-up forms completed. Women’s group facilitators recorded 5717 women’s groups and the distribution of 14,647 food and 13,482 cash transfers. Using EDC sped up data collection and processing, although time needed for programming and set-up delayed the study inception. EDC using three interlinked mobile data management systems (FrontlineSMS, ODK and CommCare) was a feasible and effective method of data capture in a complex large-scale trial in the plains of Nepal. Despite challenges including prolonged set-up times, the systems met multiple data collecti

Published
2017

24. The Molecular Taxonomy of Primary Prostate Cancer

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Bradley, Robert K, Carmell, Michelle, Carter, Scott, Chin, Lynda, Cibulskis, Kristian, Getz, Gad Asher, Heiman, David, Lander, Eric Steven, Lin, Pei, Loda, Massimo, Meyerson, Matthew L, Park, Peter J, Seidman, Jonathan, Sougnez, Carrie L, Verhaak, Roel, Voet, Douglas, Abeshouse, Adam, Ahn, Jaeil, Akbani, Rehan, Ally, Adrian, Amin, Samirkumar, Andry, Christopher D., Annala, Matti, Aprikian, Armen, Armenia, Joshua, Arora, Arshi, Auman, J. Todd, Balasundaram, Miruna, Balu, Saianand, Barbieri, Christopher E., Bauer, Thomas, Benz, Christopher C., Bergeron, Alain, Beroukhim, Rameen, Berrios, Mario, Bivol, Adrian, Bodenheimer, Tom, Boice, Lori, Bootwalla, Moiz S., dos Reis, Rodolfo Borges, Boutros, Paul C., Bowen, Jay, Bowlby, Reanne, Boyd, Jeffrey, Breggia, Anne, Brimo, Fadi, Brooks, Denise, Broom, Bradley M., Bryce, Alan H., Bubley, Glenn, Burks, Eric, Butterfield, Yaron S.N., Button, Michael, Canes, David, Carlotti, Carlos G., Carlsen, Rebecca, Carroll, Peter R., Cartun, Richard, Carver, Brett S., Chan, June M., Chang, Matthew T., Chen, Yu, Costello, Anthony J., Cherniack, Andrew D., Chevalier, Simone, Cho, Juok, Chu, Andy, Chuah, Eric, Chudamani, Sudha, Ciriello, Giovanni, Clarke, Amanda, Cooperberg, Matthew R., Corcoran, Niall M., Cowan, Janet, Crain, Daniel, Curley, Erin, David, Kerstin, Demchok, John A., Demichelis, Francesca, Dhalla, Noreen, Dhir, Rajiv, Doueik, Alexandre, Drake, Bettina, Dvinge, Heidi, Dyakova, Natalya, Felau, Ina, Ferguson, Martin L., Frazer, Scott, Freedland, Stephen, Fu, Yao, Bristow, Christopher A., Gao, Jianjiong, Gardner, Johanna, Gastier-Foster, Julie M., Gehlenborg, Nils, Gerken, Mark, Gerstein, Mark B., Godwin, Andrew K., Gopalan, Anuradha, Graefen, Markus, Graim, Kiley, Gribbin, Thomas, Guin, Ranabir, Gupta, Manaswi, Hadjipanayis, Angela, Haider, Syed, Hamel, Lucie, Hayes, D. Neil, Hess, Julian, Hoadley, Katherine A., Holbrook, Andrea H., Holt, Robert A., Holway, Antonia, Hovens, Christopher M., Hoyle, Alan P., Huang, Mei, Hutter, Carolyn M., Ittmann, Michael, Iype, Lisa, Jefferys, Stuart R., Jones, Corbin D., Jones, Steven J.M., Juhl, Hartmut, Kahles, Andre, Kane, Christopher J., Kasaian, Katayoon, Kerger, Michael, Khurana, Ekta, Kim, Jaegil, Klein, Robert J., Kucherlapati, Raju, Lacombe, Louis, Ladanyi, Marc, Lai, Phillip H., Laird, Peter W., Latour, Mathieu, Lawrence, Michael S., Lau, Kevin, LeBien, Tucker, Lee, Darlene, Lee, Semin, Lehmann, Kjong-Van, Leraas, Kristen M., Leshchiner, Ignaty, Leung, Robert, Libertino, John A., Lichtenberg, Tara M., Linehan, W. Marston, Ling, Shiyun, Lippman, Scott M., Liu, Jia, Liu, Wenbin, Lochovsky, Lucas, Logothetis, Christopher, Lolla, Laxmi, Longacre, Teri, Lu, Yiling, Luo, Jianhua, Ma, Yussanne, Mahadeshwar, Harshad S., Mallery, David, Mariamidze, Armaz, Marra, Marco A., Mayo, Michael, McCall, Shannon, McKercher, Ginette, Meng, Shaowu, Mes-Masson, Anne-Marie, Merino, Maria J., Mieczkowski, Piotr A., Mills, Gordon B., Mills Shaw, Kenna R., Minner, Sarah, Moinzadeh, Alireza, Moore, Richard A., Morris, Scott, Morrison, Carl, Mose, Lisle E., Mungall, Andrew J., Murray, Bradley A., Myers, Jerome B., Naresh, Rashi, Nelson, Joel, Nelson, Mark A., Nelson, Peter S., Newton, Yulia, Noble, Michael S., Noushmehr, Houtan, Nykter, Matti, Pantazi, Angeliki, Parfenov, Michael, Parker, Joel S., Paulauskis, Joseph, Penny, Robert, Perou, Charles M., Piche, Alain, Pihl, Todd, Pinto, Peter A., Prandi, Davide, Protopopov, Alexei, Ramirez, Nilsa C., Rao, Arvind, Rathmell, W. Kimryn, Ratsch, Gunnar, Ren, Xiaojia, Reuter, Victor E., Reynolds, Sheila M., Rhie, Suhn K., Rieger-Christ, Kimberly, Roach, Jeffrey, Robertson, A. Gordon, Robinson, Brian, Rubin, Mark A., Saad, Fred, Sadeghi, Sara, Saksena, Gordon, Saller, Charles, Salner, Andrew, Sanchez-Vega, Francisco, Sander, Chris, Sandusky, George, Sauter, Guido, Sboner, Andrea, Scardino, Peter T., Scarlata, Eleonora, Schein, Jacqueline E., Schlomm, Thorsten, Schmidt, Laura S., Schultz, Nikolaus, Schumacher, Steven E., Neder, Luciano, Seth, Sahil, Sharp, Alexis, Shelton, Candace, Shelton, Troy, Shen, Hui, Shen, Ronglai, Sherman, Mark, Sheth, Margi, Shi, Yan, Shih, Juliann, Shmulevich, Ilya, Simko, Jeffry, Simon, Ronald, Simons, Janae V., Sipahimalani, Payal, Skelly, Tara, Sofia, Heidi J., Soloway, Matthew G., Song, Xingzhi, Sorcini, Andrea, Stepa, Serghei, Stewart, Chip, Stewart, John, Stuart, Joshua M., Sullivan, Travis B., Sun, Charlie, Sun, Huandong, Tam, Angela, Tan, Donghui, Tang, Jiabin, Tarnuzzer, Roy, Tarvin, Katherine, Taylor, Barry S., Teebagy, Patrick, Tenggara, Imelda, Tetu, Bernard, Tewari, Ashutosh, Thiessen, Nina, Thompson, Timothy, Thorne, Leigh B., Tirapelli, Daniela P., Tomlins, Scott A., Trevisan, Felipe Amstalden, Troncoso, Patricia, True, Lawrence D., Tsourlakis, Maria Christina, Tyekucheva, Svitlana, Van Allen, Eliezer, Van Den Berg, David J., Veluvolu, Umadevi, Vocke, Cathy D., Wan, Yunhu, Wang, Qingguo, Wang, Wenyi, Wang, Zhining, Weinhold, Nils, Weinstein, John N., Weisenberger, Daniel J., Wilkerson, Matthew D., Wise, Lisa, Witte, John, Wu, Chia-Chin, Wu, Junyuan, Wu, Ye, Xu, Andrew W., Yadav, Shalini S., Yang, Liming, Yang, Lixing, Yau, Christina, Ye, Huihui, Yena, Peggy, Zeng, Thomas, Zenklusen, Jean C., Zhang, Hailei, Zhang, Jiashan, Zhang, Wei, Zhong, Yi, Zhu, Kelsey, Zmuda, Erik, Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, Bradley, Robert K., Meyerson, Matthew L., Park, Peter J., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Bradley, Robert K, Carmell, Michelle, Carter, Scott, Chin, Lynda, Cibulskis, Kristian, Getz, Gad Asher, Heiman, David, Lander, Eric Steven, Lin, Pei, Loda, Massimo, Meyerson, Matthew L, Park, Peter J, Seidman, Jonathan, Sougnez, Carrie L, Verhaak, Roel, Voet, Douglas, Abeshouse, Adam, Ahn, Jaeil, Akbani, Rehan, Ally, Adrian, Amin, Samirkumar, Andry, Christopher D., Annala, Matti, Aprikian, Armen, Armenia, Joshua, Arora, Arshi, Auman, J. Todd, Balasundaram, Miruna, Balu, Saianand, Barbieri, Christopher E., Bauer, Thomas, Benz, Christopher C., Bergeron, Alain, Beroukhim, Rameen, Berrios, Mario, Bivol, Adrian, Bodenheimer, Tom, Boice, Lori, Bootwalla, Moiz S., dos Reis, Rodolfo Borges, Boutros, Paul C., Bowen, Jay, Bowlby, Reanne, Boyd, Jeffrey, Breggia, Anne, Brimo, Fadi, Brooks, Denise, Broom, Bradley M., Bryce, Alan H., Bubley, Glenn, Burks, Eric, Butterfield, Yaron S.N., Button, Michael, Canes, David, Carlotti, Carlos G., Carlsen, Rebecca, Carroll, Peter R., Cartun, Richard, Carver, Brett S., Chan, June M., Chang, Matthew T., Chen, Yu, Costello, Anthony J., Cherniack, Andrew D., Chevalier, Simone, Cho, Juok, Chu, Andy, Chuah, Eric, Chudamani, Sudha, Ciriello, Giovanni, Clarke, Amanda, Cooperberg, Matthew R., Corcoran, Niall M., Cowan, Janet, Crain, Daniel, Curley, Erin, David, Kerstin, Demchok, John A., Demichelis, Francesca, Dhalla, Noreen, Dhir, Rajiv, Doueik, Alexandre, Drake, Bettina, Dvinge, Heidi, Dyakova, Natalya, Felau, Ina, Ferguson, Martin L., Frazer, Scott, Freedland, Stephen, Fu, Yao, Bristow, Christopher A., Gao, Jianjiong, Gardner, Johanna, Gastier-Foster, Julie M., Gehlenborg, Nils, Gerken, Mark, Gerstein, Mark B., Godwin, Andrew K., Gopalan, Anuradha, Graefen, Markus, Graim, Kiley, Gribbin, Thomas, Guin, Ranabir, Gupta, Manaswi, Hadjipanayis, Angela, Haider, Syed, Hamel, Lucie, Hayes, D. Neil, Hess, Julian, Hoadley, Katherine A., Holbrook, Andrea H., Holt, Robert A., Holway, Antonia, Hovens, Christopher M., Hoyle, Alan P., Huang, Mei, Hutter, Carolyn M., Ittmann, Michael, Iype, Lisa, Jefferys, Stuart R., Jones, Corbin D., Jones, Steven J.M., Juhl, Hartmut, Kahles, Andre, Kane, Christopher J., Kasaian, Katayoon, Kerger, Michael, Khurana, Ekta, Kim, Jaegil, Klein, Robert J., Kucherlapati, Raju, Lacombe, Louis, Ladanyi, Marc, Lai, Phillip H., Laird, Peter W., Latour, Mathieu, Lawrence, Michael S., Lau, Kevin, LeBien, Tucker, Lee, Darlene, Lee, Semin, Lehmann, Kjong-Van, Leraas, Kristen M., Leshchiner, Ignaty, Leung, Robert, Libertino, John A., Lichtenberg, Tara M., Linehan, W. Marston, Ling, Shiyun, Lippman, Scott M., Liu, Jia, Liu, Wenbin, Lochovsky, Lucas, Logothetis, Christopher, Lolla, Laxmi, Longacre, Teri, Lu, Yiling, Luo, Jianhua, Ma, Yussanne, Mahadeshwar, Harshad S., Mallery, David, Mariamidze, Armaz, Marra, Marco A., Mayo, Michael, McCall, Shannon, McKercher, Ginette, Meng, Shaowu, Mes-Masson, Anne-Marie, Merino, Maria J., Mieczkowski, Piotr A., Mills, Gordon B., Mills Shaw, Kenna R., Minner, Sarah, Moinzadeh, Alireza, Moore, Richard A., Morris, Scott, Morrison, Carl, Mose, Lisle E., Mungall, Andrew J., Murray, Bradley A., Myers, Jerome B., Naresh, Rashi, Nelson, Joel, Nelson, Mark A., Nelson, Peter S., Newton, Yulia, Noble, Michael S., Noushmehr, Houtan, Nykter, Matti, Pantazi, Angeliki, Parfenov, Michael, Parker, Joel S., Paulauskis, Joseph, Penny, Robert, Perou, Charles M., Piche, Alain, Pihl, Todd, Pinto, Peter A., Prandi, Davide, Protopopov, Alexei, Ramirez, Nilsa C., Rao, Arvind, Rathmell, W. Kimryn, Ratsch, Gunnar, Ren, Xiaojia, Reuter, Victor E., Reynolds, Sheila M., Rhie, Suhn K., Rieger-Christ, Kimberly, Roach, Jeffrey, Robertson, A. Gordon, Robinson, Brian, Rubin, Mark A., Saad, Fred, Sadeghi, Sara, Saksena, Gordon, Saller, Charles, Salner, Andrew, Sanchez-Vega, Francisco, Sander, Chris, Sandusky, George, Sauter, Guido, Sboner, Andrea, Scardino, Peter T., Scarlata, Eleonora, Schein, Jacqueline E., Schlomm, Thorsten, Schmidt, Laura S., Schultz, Nikolaus, Schumacher, Steven E., Neder, Luciano, Seth, Sahil, Sharp, Alexis, Shelton, Candace, Shelton, Troy, Shen, Hui, Shen, Ronglai, Sherman, Mark, Sheth, Margi, Shi, Yan, Shih, Juliann, Shmulevich, Ilya, Simko, Jeffry, Simon, Ronald, Simons, Janae V., Sipahimalani, Payal, Skelly, Tara, Sofia, Heidi J., Soloway, Matthew G., Song, Xingzhi, Sorcini, Andrea, Stepa, Serghei, Stewart, Chip, Stewart, John, Stuart, Joshua M., Sullivan, Travis B., Sun, Charlie, Sun, Huandong, Tam, Angela, Tan, Donghui, Tang, Jiabin, Tarnuzzer, Roy, Tarvin, Katherine, Taylor, Barry S., Teebagy, Patrick, Tenggara, Imelda, Tetu, Bernard, Tewari, Ashutosh, Thiessen, Nina, Thompson, Timothy, Thorne, Leigh B., Tirapelli, Daniela P., Tomlins, Scott A., Trevisan, Felipe Amstalden, Troncoso, Patricia, True, Lawrence D., Tsourlakis, Maria Christina, Tyekucheva, Svitlana, Van Allen, Eliezer, Van Den Berg, David J., Veluvolu, Umadevi, Vocke, Cathy D., Wan, Yunhu, Wang, Qingguo, Wang, Wenyi, Wang, Zhining, Weinhold, Nils, Weinstein, John N., Weisenberger, Daniel J., Wilkerson, Matthew D., Wise, Lisa, Witte, John, Wu, Chia-Chin, Wu, Junyuan, Wu, Ye, Xu, Andrew W., Yadav, Shalini S., Yang, Liming, Yang, Lixing, Yau, Christina, Ye, Huihui, Yena, Peggy, Zeng, Thomas, Zenklusen, Jean C., Zhang, Hailei, Zhang, Jiashan, Zhang, Wei, Zhong, Yi, Zhu, Kelsey, Zmuda, Erik, Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, Bradley, Robert K., Meyerson, Matthew L., and Park, Peter J.

Abstract

There is substantial heterogeneity among primary prostate cancers, evident in the spectrum of molecular abnormalities and its variable clinical course. As part of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we present a comprehensive molecular analysis of 333 primary prostate carcinomas. Our results revealed a molecular taxonomy in which 74% of these tumors fell into one of seven subtypes defined by specific gene fusions (ERG, ETV1/4, and FLI1) or mutations (SPOP, FOXA1, and IDH1). Epigenetic profiles showed substantial heterogeneity, including an IDH1 mutant subset with a methylator phenotype. Androgen receptor (AR) activity varied widely and in a subtype-specific manner, with SPOP and FOXA1 mutant tumors having the highest levels of AR-induced transcripts. 25% of the prostate cancers had a presumed actionable lesion in the PI3K or MAPK signaling pathways, and DNA repair genes were inactivated in 19%. Our analysis reveals molecular heterogeneity among primary prostate cancers, as well as potentially actionable molecular defects., National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant 5U24CA143799), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant 5U24CA143835), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant 5U24CA143840), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant 5U24CA143843), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant 5U24CA143845), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant 5U24CA143848), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant 5U24CA143858), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant 5U24CA143866), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant 5U24CA143867), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant 5U24CA143882), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant 5U24CA143883), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant 5U24CA144025), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant U54HG003067), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant U54HG003079), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant U54HG003273), National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (grant P30CA16672)

Published
2017

25. Protocol of the Low Birth Weight South Asia Trial (LBWSAT), a cluster-randomised controlled trial testing impact on birth weight and infant nutrition of Participatory Learning and Action through women's groups, with and without unconditional transfers of fortified food or cash during pregnancy in Nepal

Author

Saville, Naomi M, Shrestha, Bhim P, Style, Sarah, Harris-Fry, Helen, Beard, B James, Sengupta, Aman, Jha, Sonali, Rai, Anjana, Paudel, Vikas, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Copas, Andrew, Skordis-Worrall, Jolene, Bhandari, Bishnu, Neupane, Rishi, Morrison, Joanna, Gram, Lu, Sah, Raghbendra, Basnet, Machhindra, Harthan, Jayne, Manandhar, Dharma S, Osrin, David, Costello, Anthony, Saville, Naomi M, Shrestha, Bhim P, Style, Sarah, Harris-Fry, Helen, Beard, B James, Sengupta, Aman, Jha, Sonali, Rai, Anjana, Paudel, Vikas, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Copas, Andrew, Skordis-Worrall, Jolene, Bhandari, Bishnu, Neupane, Rishi, Morrison, Joanna, Gram, Lu, Sah, Raghbendra, Basnet, Machhindra, Harthan, Jayne, Manandhar, Dharma S, Osrin, David, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Low birth weight (LBW, < 2500 g) affects one third of newborn infants in rural south Asia and compromises child survival, infant growth, educational performance and economic prospects. We aimed to assess the impact on birth weight and weight-for-age Z-score in children aged 0-16 months of a nutrition Participatory Learning and Action behaviour change strategy (PLA) for pregnant women through women's groups, with or without unconditional transfers of food or cash to pregnant women in two districts of southern Nepal. METHODS: The study is a cluster randomised controlled trial (non-blinded). PLA comprises women's groups that discuss, and form strategies about, nutrition in pregnancy, low birth weight and hygiene. Women receive up to 7 monthly transfers per pregnancy: cash is NPR 750 (~US$7) and food is 10 kg of fortified sweetened wheat-soya Super Cereal per month. The unit of randomisation is a rural village development committee (VDC) cluster (population 4000-9200, mean 6150) in southern Dhanusha or Mahottari districts. 80 VDCs are randomised to four arms using a participatory 'tombola' method. Twenty clusters each receive: PLA; PLA plus food; PLA plus cash; and standard care (control). Participants are (mostly Maithili-speaking) pregnant women identified from 8 weeks' gestation onwards, and their infants (target sample size 8880 birth weights). After pregnancy verification, mothers may be followed up in early and late pregnancy, within 72 h, after 42 days and within 22 months of birth. Outcomes pertain to the individual level. Primary outcomes include birth weight within 72 h of birth and infant weight-for-age Z-score measured cross-sectionally on children born of the study. Secondary outcomes include prevalence of LBW, eating behaviour and weight during pregnancy, maternal and newborn illness, preterm delivery, miscarriage, stillbirth or neonatal mortality, infant Z-scores for length-for-age and weight-for-length, head circumference, and postnatal ma

Published
2016
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26. Protocol for the economic evaluation of a community-based intervention to improve growth among children under two in rural India (CARING trial)

Author

Skordis-Worrall, Jolene, Sinha, Rajesh, Kumar Ojha, Amit, Sarangi, Soumendra, Nair, Nirmala, Tripathy, Prasanta, Sachdev, H S, Bhattacharyya, Sanghita, Gope, Rajkumar, Rath, Shibanand, Rath, Suchitra, Srivastava, Aradhana, Batura, Neha, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Costello, Anthony, Copas, Andrew, Saville, Naomi, Prost, Audrey, Haghparast-Bidgoli, Hassan, Skordis-Worrall, Jolene, Sinha, Rajesh, Kumar Ojha, Amit, Sarangi, Soumendra, Nair, Nirmala, Tripathy, Prasanta, Sachdev, H S, Bhattacharyya, Sanghita, Gope, Rajkumar, Rath, Shibanand, Rath, Suchitra, Srivastava, Aradhana, Batura, Neha, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Costello, Anthony, Copas, Andrew, Saville, Naomi, Prost, Audrey, and Haghparast-Bidgoli, Hassan

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Undernutrition affects ∼165 million children globally and contributes up to 45% of all child deaths. India has the highest proportion of global undernutrition-related morbidity and mortality. This protocol describes the planned economic evaluation of a community-based intervention to improve growth in children under 2 years of age in two rural districts of eastern India. The intervention is being evaluated through a cluster-randomised controlled trial (cRCT, the CARING trial). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis nested within a cRCT will be conducted from a societal perspective, measuring programme, provider, household and societal costs. Programme costs will be collected prospectively from project accounts using a standardised tool. These will be supplemented with time sheets and key informant interviews to inform the allocation of joint costs. Direct and indirect costs incurred by providers will be collected using key informant interviews and time use surveys. Direct and indirect household costs will be collected prospectively, using time use and consumption surveys. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) will be calculated for the primary outcome measure, that is, cases of stunting prevented, and other outcomes such as cases of wasting prevented, cases of infant mortality averted, life years saved and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted. Sensitivity analyses will be conducted to assess the robustness of results. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: There is a shortage of robust evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of strategies to improve early child growth. As this economic evaluation is nested within a large scale, cRCT, it will contribute to understanding the fiscal space for investment in early child growth, and the relative (in)efficiency of prioritising resources to this intervention over others to prevent stunting in this and other comparable contexts. The protocol has all necessary ethical approva

Published
2016
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27. Protocol of the Low Birth Weight South Asia Trial (LBWSAT), a cluster-randomised controlled trial testing impact on birth weight and infant nutrition of Participatory Learning and Action through women’s groups, with and without unconditional transfers of fortified food or cash during pregnancy in Nepal

Author

Saville, Naomi M., Shrestha, Bhim P., Style, Sarah, Harris-fry, Helen, Beard, B. James, Sengupta, Aman, Jha, Sonali, Rai, Anjana, Paudel, Vikas, Pulkki-brannstrom, Anni-maria, Copas, Andrew, Skordis-worrall, Jolene, Bhandari, Bishnu, Neupane, Rishi, Morrison, Joanna, Gram, Lu, Sah, Raghbendra, Basnet, Machhindra, Harthan, Jayne, Manandhar, Dharma S., Osrin, David, Costello, Anthony, Saville, Naomi M., Shrestha, Bhim P., Style, Sarah, Harris-fry, Helen, Beard, B. James, Sengupta, Aman, Jha, Sonali, Rai, Anjana, Paudel, Vikas, Pulkki-brannstrom, Anni-maria, Copas, Andrew, Skordis-worrall, Jolene, Bhandari, Bishnu, Neupane, Rishi, Morrison, Joanna, Gram, Lu, Sah, Raghbendra, Basnet, Machhindra, Harthan, Jayne, Manandhar, Dharma S., Osrin, David, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

Low birth weight (LBW, < 2500 g) affects one third of newborn infants in rural south Asia and compromises child survival, infant growth, educational performance and economic prospects. We aimed to assess the impact on birth weight and weight-for-age Z-score in children aged 0–16 months of a nutrition Participatory Learning and Action behaviour change strategy (PLA) for pregnant women through women’s groups, with or without unconditional transfers of food or cash to pregnant women in two districts of southern Nepal.

Published
2016

28. Cost-effectiveness and affordability of community mobilisation through women's groups and quality improvement in health facilities (MaiKhanda trial) in Malawi

Author

Colbourn, Tim, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Nambiar, Bejoy, Kim, Sungwook, Bondo, Austin, Banda, Lumbani, Makwenda, Charles, Batura, Neha, Haghparast-Bidgoli, Hassan, Hunter, Rachael, Costello, Anthony, Baio, Gianluca, Skordis-Worrall, Jolene, Colbourn, Tim, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Nambiar, Bejoy, Kim, Sungwook, Bondo, Austin, Banda, Lumbani, Makwenda, Charles, Batura, Neha, Haghparast-Bidgoli, Hassan, Hunter, Rachael, Costello, Anthony, Baio, Gianluca, and Skordis-Worrall, Jolene

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Understanding the cost-effectiveness and affordability of interventions to reduce maternal and newborn deaths is critical to persuading policymakers and donors to implement at scale. The effectiveness of community mobilisation through women's groups and health facility quality improvement, both aiming to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality, was assessed by a cluster randomised controlled trial conducted in rural Malawi in 2008-2010. In this paper, we calculate intervention cost-effectiveness and model the affordability of the interventions at scale. METHODS: Bayesian methods are used to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of the community and facility interventions on their own (CI, FI), and together (FICI), compared to current practice in rural Malawi. Effects are estimated with Monte Carlo simulation using the combined full probability distributions of intervention effects on stillbirths, neonatal deaths and maternal deaths. Cost data was collected prospectively from a provider perspective using an ingredients approach and disaggregated at the intervention (not cluster or individual) level. Expected Incremental Benefit, Cost-effectiveness Acceptability Curves and Expected Value of Information (EVI) were calculated using a threshold of $780 per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted, the per capita gross domestic product of Malawi in 2013 international $. RESULTS: The incremental cost-effectiveness of CI, FI, and combined FICI was $79, $281, and $146 per DALY averted respectively, compared to current practice. FI is dominated by CI and FICI. Taking into account uncertainty, both CI and combined FICI are highly likely to be cost effective (probability 98% and 93%, EVI $210,423 and $598,177 respectively). Combined FICI is incrementally cost effective compared to either intervention individually (probability 60%, ICER $292, EIB $9,334,580 compared to CI). Future scenarios also found FICI to be the optimal decision. Scaling-up to the whole

Published
2015
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29. Health and climate change : policy responses to protect public health

Author

Watts, Nick, Adger, W Neil, Agnolucci, Paolo, Blackstock, Jason, Byass, Peter, Cai, Wenjia, Chaytor, Sarah, Colbourn, Tim, Collins, Mat, Cooper, Adam, Cox, Peter M, Depledge, Joanna, Drummond, Paul, Ekins, Paul, Galaz, Victor, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Grubb, Michael, Haines, Andy, Hamilton, Ian, Hunter, Alasdair, Jiang, Xujia, Li, Moxuan, Kelman, Ilan, Liang, Lu, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Robert, Luo, Yong, Mace, Georgina, Maslin, Mark, Nilsson, Maria, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Pye, Steve, Quinn, Tara, Svensdotter, My, Venevsky, Sergey, Warner, Koko, Xu, Bing, Yang, Jun, Yin, Yongyuan, Yu, Chaoqing, Zhang, Qiang, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, Watts, Nick, Adger, W Neil, Agnolucci, Paolo, Blackstock, Jason, Byass, Peter, Cai, Wenjia, Chaytor, Sarah, Colbourn, Tim, Collins, Mat, Cooper, Adam, Cox, Peter M, Depledge, Joanna, Drummond, Paul, Ekins, Paul, Galaz, Victor, Grace, Delia, Graham, Hilary, Grubb, Michael, Haines, Andy, Hamilton, Ian, Hunter, Alasdair, Jiang, Xujia, Li, Moxuan, Kelman, Ilan, Liang, Lu, Lott, Melissa, Lowe, Robert, Luo, Yong, Mace, Georgina, Maslin, Mark, Nilsson, Maria, Oreszczyn, Tadj, Pye, Steve, Quinn, Tara, Svensdotter, My, Venevsky, Sergey, Warner, Koko, Xu, Bing, Yang, Jun, Yin, Yongyuan, Yu, Chaoqing, Zhang, Qiang, Gong, Peng, Montgomery, Hugh, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

The 2015 Lancet Commission on Health and Climate Change has been formed to map out the impacts of climate change, and the necessary policy responses, in order to ensure the highest attainable standards of health for populations worldwide. This Commission is multidisciplinary and international in nature, with strong collaboration between academic centres in Europe and China. The central finding from the Commission's work is that tackling climate change could be the greatest global health opportunity of the 21st century. The key messages from the Commission are summarised below, accompanied by ten underlying recommendations to accelerate action in the next 5 years.

Published
2015
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30. WHO recommendation on community mobilization through facilitated participatory learning and action cycles with women´s groups for maternal and newborn health

Author

Cazottes, Isabelle, Costello, Anthony, Davis, Jessica, George, Asha, Houeto, David, Howard-Grabman, Lisa, Jones, Eleri, coast, Ernestina, Mbizo, Mike, Mercer, Raul, Pasha, Omrana, Persson, Lars-Åke, Prost, Audrey, Santarelli, Carlo, Capello, Cecilia, Soerachman, Rachmalina, Cazottes, Isabelle, Costello, Anthony, Davis, Jessica, George, Asha, Houeto, David, Howard-Grabman, Lisa, Jones, Eleri, coast, Ernestina, Mbizo, Mike, Mercer, Raul, Pasha, Omrana, Persson, Lars-Åke, Prost, Audrey, Santarelli, Carlo, Capello, Cecilia, and Soerachman, Rachmalina

Published
2014

31. The Melbourne Consensus Statement on the early detection of prostate cancer.

Author

Murphy, Declan G, Murphy, Declan G, Ahlering, Thomas, Catalona, William J, Crowe, Helen, Crowe, Jane, Clarke, Noel, Cooperberg, Matthew, Gillatt, David, Gleave, Martin, Loeb, Stacy, Roobol, Monique, Sartor, Oliver, Pickles, Tom, Wootten, Addie, Walsh, Patrick C, Costello, Anthony J, Murphy, Declan G, Murphy, Declan G, Ahlering, Thomas, Catalona, William J, Crowe, Helen, Crowe, Jane, Clarke, Noel, Cooperberg, Matthew, Gillatt, David, Gleave, Martin, Loeb, Stacy, Roobol, Monique, Sartor, Oliver, Pickles, Tom, Wootten, Addie, Walsh, Patrick C, and Costello, Anthony J

Abstract

Various conflicting guidelines and recommendations about prostate cancer screening and early detection have left both clinicians and their patients quite confused. At the Prostate Cancer World Congress held in Melbourne in August 2013, a multidisciplinary group of the world's leading experts in this area gathered together and generated this set of consensus statements to bring some clarity to this confusion. The five consensus statements provide clear guidance for clinicians counselling their patients about the early detection of prostate cancer.

Published
2014

32. Development, feasibility and usability of an online psychological intervention for men with prostate cancer: my road ahead

Author

Wootten, Addie C., Abbott, Jo-Anne M., Chisholm, Katherine, Austin, David W., Klein, Britt, McCabe, Marita, Murphy, Declan G., Costello, Anthony J., Wootten, Addie C., Abbott, Jo-Anne M., Chisholm, Katherine, Austin, David W., Klein, Britt, McCabe, Marita, Murphy, Declan G., and Costello, Anthony J.

Abstract

Men with prostate cancer are not routinely offered psychosocial support despite strong evidence that being diagnosed with prostate cancer poses significant quality of life concerns and places the patient at elevated risk of developing a range of mental health disorders. The objective of this study was to develop an online psychological intervention for men with prostate cancer and to pilot test the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Development of the intervention involved a multidisciplinary collaboration, adapting face-to-face and group intervention strategies for an online format. The full online intervention and moderated forum were pilot tested with 64 participants who were recruited from urology practices in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. After consenting to participate and creating a personal account in the online programme, participants completed baseline demographic questionnaires. Participants were provided access to the programme for 6-12. weeks. After completing the programme participants completed an online survey to assess intervention and forum utilisation and satisfaction, as well as suggest intervention refinements following their use of the intervention. Patient satisfaction was calculated using mean responses to the satisfaction questionnaire. The intervention was received positively with 47.82% of participants highly satisfied with the programme, and 78.26% said they would recommend it to a friend. Participants' qualitative feedback indicated good acceptability of the online intervention. A number of technical and participant engagement issues were identified and changes recommended as a result of the feasibility testing.

Published
2014

33. My road ahead study protocol: a randomised controlled trial of an online psychological intervention for men following treatment for localised prostate cancer

Author

Wootten, Addie C., Abbott, Jo-Anne M., Chisholm, Katherine E., Austin, David W., Klein, Britt, McCabe, Marita P., Meyer, Denny, Costello, Anthony J., Murphy, Declan G., Wootten, Addie C., Abbott, Jo-Anne M., Chisholm, Katherine E., Austin, David W., Klein, Britt, McCabe, Marita P., Meyer, Denny, Costello, Anthony J., and Murphy, Declan G.

Abstract

There is a need for psychosocial interventions for men with prostate cancer to promote adaptive coping with the challenges and distress associated with diagnosis, treatment and recovery. In addition, interventions are needed that help to overcome barriers to psychosocial treatment such as limited face-to-face psychosocial support services, a shortage of adequately trained professionals, geographical distance, perceived and personal stigma and a preference for consumer-centric and self-directed learning. My Road Ahead is an online cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) intervention for prostate cancer. This protocol describes a randomised controlled trial (RCT) that will evaluate the efficacy of this online intervention alone, the intervention in combination with a moderated online forum, and the moderated online forum alone.

Published
2014

34. Development, feasibility and usability of an online psychological intervention for men with prostate cancer: My Road Ahead

Author

Wootten, Addie, Abbott, Jo-Anne, Chisholm, Katherine E., Austin, David W., Klein, Britta, McCabe, Marita P., Murphy, Declan G., Costello, Anthony J., Wootten, Addie, Abbott, Jo-Anne, Chisholm, Katherine E., Austin, David W., Klein, Britta, McCabe, Marita P., Murphy, Declan G., and Costello, Anthony J.

Abstract

Men with prostate cancer are not routinely offered psychosocial support despite strong evidence that being diagnosed with prostate cancer poses significant quality of life concerns and places the patient at elevated risk of developing a range of mental health disorders. The objective of this study was to develop an online psychological intervention for men with prostate cancer and to pilot test the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Development of the intervention involved a multidisciplinary collaboration, adapting face-to-face and group intervention strategies for an online format. The full online intervention and moderated forum were pilot tested with 64 participants who were recruited from urology practices in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. After consenting to participate and creating a personal account in the online programme, participants completed baseline demographic questionnaires. Participants were provided access to the programme for 6-12. weeks. After completing the programme participants completed an online survey to assess intervention and forum utilisation and satisfaction, as well as suggest intervention refinements following their use of the intervention. Patient satisfaction was calculated using mean responses to the satisfaction questionnaire. The intervention was received positively with 47.82% of participants highly satisfied with the programme, and 78.26% said they would recommend it to a friend. Participants' qualitative feedback indicated good acceptability of the online intervention. A number of technical and participant engagement issues were identified and changes recommended as a result of the feasibility testing.

Published
2014

35. The impact of prostate cancer on partners: A qualitative exploration

Author

Wootten, Addie, Abbott, Jo-Anne, Osborne, D., Austin, David W., Klein, Britta, Costello, Anthony J., Murphy, D. G., Wootten, Addie, Abbott, Jo-Anne, Osborne, D., Austin, David W., Klein, Britta, Costello, Anthony J., and Murphy, D. G.

Abstract

Objective: Prostate cancer and its treatment can result in numerous physical and psychological morbidities for the patient as well as his partner. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of intimate spouses or partners of men diagnosed and/or treated for prostate cancer to better understand the personal impact of prostate cancer on the partner.Methods: Twenty-seven partners participated in this study. Six focus groups were convened, and one in-depth interview was undertaken to explore the practical impact of prostate cancer on the intimate spouse/partner. All discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed and then coded using a thematic approach.Results: Six themes emerged: (a) The influence of the man's response to prostate cancer on the partner, (b) The need to be involved in treatment and medical decision making, (c) Supporting a man who is experiencing a loss of masculinity, (d) Degree of congruence between each partner's coping responses, (e) Constrained communication, and (f) Changed roles and increased practical management.Conclusions: It is clear that prostate cancer impacts substantially on many areas of partner well-being. An effective intervention provided to this population seems warranted and may lead to improvements in partner well-being, assist the couple in lessening the impact of prostate cancer and its treatment on their relationship, and assist in the man's recovery.

Published
2014

36. Determinants and consequences of short birth interval in rural Bangladesh:A cross-sectional study

Author

de Jonge, Hendrik C.C., Azad, Kishwar, Seward, Nadine, Kuddus, Abdul, Shaha, Sanjit, Beard, James, Costello, Anthony, Houweling, Tanja A.J., Fottrell, Ed, de Jonge, Hendrik C.C., Azad, Kishwar, Seward, Nadine, Kuddus, Abdul, Shaha, Sanjit, Beard, James, Costello, Anthony, Houweling, Tanja A.J., and Fottrell, Ed

Abstract

Background: Short birth intervals are known to have negative effects on pregnancy outcomes. We analysed data from a large population surveillance system in rural Bangladesh to identify predictors of short birth interval and determine consequences of short intervals on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: The study was conducted in three districts of Bangladesh - Bogra, Moulavibazar and Faridpur (population 282,643, 54,668 women of reproductive age). We used data between January 2010 and June 2011 from a key informant surveillance system that recorded all births, deaths and stillbirths. Short birth interval was defined as an interval between consecutive births of less than 33 months. Initially, risk factors of a short birth interval were determined using a multivariate mixed effects logistic regression model. Independent risk factors were selected using knowledge from literature review. An adjusted mixed effects logistic regression model was then used to determine the effect of up to 21-, 21-32-, 33-44- and 45-month and higher birth-to-birth intervals on pregnancy outcomes controlling for confounders selected through a directed acyclic graph. Results: We analysed 5,571 second or higher order deliveries. Average birth interval was 55 months and 1368/5571 women (24.6%) had a short birth interval (<33 months). Younger women (AOR 1.11 95% CI 1.08-1.15 per year increase in age), women who started their reproductive life later (AOR 0.95, 0.92-0.98 per year) and those who achieve higher order parities were less likely to experience short birth intervals (AOR 0.28, 0.19-0.41 parity 4 compared to 1). Women who were socioeconomically disadvantaged were more likely to experience a short birth interval (AOR 1.42, 1.22-1.65) and a previous adverse outcome was an important determinant of interval (AOR 2.10, 1.83-2.40). Very short birth intervals of less than 21 months were associated with increased stillbirth rate (AOR 2.13, 95

Published
2014

37. Costello, Tony video oral history and transcript

Author

Costello, Anthony J., Vander Hill, C. Warren, 1937, Costello, Anthony J., and Vander Hill, C. Warren, 1937

Abstract

Interview with Tony Costello, member of the Muncie Community Schools Board of Trustees and Irving Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Architecture in the College of Architecture and Planning at Ball State University., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Published
2014

38. Women's groups practising participatory learning and action to improve maternal and newborn health in low-resource settings : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Prost, Audrey, Colbourn, Tim, Seward, Nadine, Azad, Kishwar, Coomarasamy, Arri, Copas, Andrew, Houweling, Tanja A J, Fottrell, Edward, Kuddus, Abdul, Lewycka, Sonia, MacArthur, Christine, Manandhar, Dharma, Morrison, Joanna, Mwansambo, Charles, Nair, Nirmala, Nambiar, Bejoy, Osrin, David, Pagel, Christina, Phiri, Tambosi, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Rosato, Mikey, Skordis-Worrall, Jolene, Saville, Naomi, More, Neena Shah, Shrestha, Bhim, Tripathy, Prasanta, Wilson, Amie, Costello, Anthony, Prost, Audrey, Colbourn, Tim, Seward, Nadine, Azad, Kishwar, Coomarasamy, Arri, Copas, Andrew, Houweling, Tanja A J, Fottrell, Edward, Kuddus, Abdul, Lewycka, Sonia, MacArthur, Christine, Manandhar, Dharma, Morrison, Joanna, Mwansambo, Charles, Nair, Nirmala, Nambiar, Bejoy, Osrin, David, Pagel, Christina, Phiri, Tambosi, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Rosato, Mikey, Skordis-Worrall, Jolene, Saville, Naomi, More, Neena Shah, Shrestha, Bhim, Tripathy, Prasanta, Wilson, Amie, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain high in many low-income and middle-income countries. Different approaches for the improvement of birth outcomes have been used in community-based interventions, with heterogeneous effects on survival. We assessed the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action, compared with usual care, on birth outcomes in low-resource settings. METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials undertaken in Bangladesh, India, Malawi, and Nepal in which the effects of women's groups practising participatory learning and action were assessed to identify population-level predictors of effect on maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, and stillbirths. We also reviewed the cost-effectiveness of the women's group intervention and estimated its potential effect at scale in Countdown countries. FINDINGS: Seven trials (119,428 births) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses of all trials showed that exposure to women's groups was associated with a 37% reduction in maternal mortality (odds ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.32-0.94), a 23% reduction in neonatal mortality (0.77, 0.65-0.90), and a 9% non-significant reduction in stillbirths (0.91, 0.79-1.03), with high heterogeneity for maternal (I(2)=58.8%, p=0.024) and neonatal results (I(2)=64.7%, p=0.009). In the meta-regression analyses, the proportion of pregnant women in groups was linearly associated with reduction in both maternal and neonatal mortality (p=0.026 and p=0.011, respectively). A subgroup analysis of the four studies in which at least 30% of pregnant women participated in groups showed a 55% reduction in maternal mortality (0.45, 0.17-0.73) and a 33% reduction in neonatal mortality (0.67, 0.59-0.74). The intervention was cost effective by WHO standards and could save an estimated 283,000 newborn infants and 41,100 mothers per year if implemented in rural areas of 74 Countdown countries. INTERPRETATION: With the part, FUNDING: Wellcome Trust, Ammalife, and National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care for Birmingham and the Black Country programme.

Published
2013
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39. The effect of increased coverage of participatory women's groups on neonatal mortality in Bangladesh : A cluster randomized trial

Author

Fottrell, Edward, Azad, Kishwar, Kuddus, Abdul, Younes, Layla, Shaha, Sanjit, Nahar, Tasmin, Aumon, Bedowra Haq, Hossen, Munir, Beard, James, Hossain, Tanvir, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Skordis-Worrall, Jolene, Prost, Audrey, Costello, Anthony, Houweling, Tanja A J, Fottrell, Edward, Azad, Kishwar, Kuddus, Abdul, Younes, Layla, Shaha, Sanjit, Nahar, Tasmin, Aumon, Bedowra Haq, Hossen, Munir, Beard, James, Hossain, Tanvir, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Skordis-Worrall, Jolene, Prost, Audrey, Costello, Anthony, and Houweling, Tanja A J

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Community-based interventions can reduce neonatal mortality when health systems are weak. Population coverage of target groups may be an important determinant of their effect on behavior and mortality. A women's group trial at coverage of 1 group per 1414 population in rural Bangladesh showed no effect on neonatal mortality, despite a similar intervention having a significant effect on neonatal and maternal death in comparable settings. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a participatory women's group intervention with higher population coverage on neonatal mortality in Bangladesh. DESIGN: A cluster randomized controlled trial in 9 intervention and 9 control clusters. SETTING: Rural Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS: Women permanently residing in 18 unions in 3 districts and accounting for 19 301 births during the final 24 months of the intervention. INTERVENTIONS: Women's groups at a coverage of 1 per 309 population that proceed through a participatory learning and action cycle in which they prioritize issues that affected maternal and neonatal health and design and implement strategies to address these issues. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Neonatal mortality rate. RESULTS: Analysis included 19 301 births during the final 24 months of the intervention. More than one-third of newly pregnant women joined the groups. The neonatal mortality rate was significantly lower in the intervention arm (21.3 neonatal deaths per 1000 live births vs 30.1 per 1000 in control areas), a reduction in neonatal mortality of 38% (risk ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.43-0.89]) when adjusted for socioeconomic factors. The cost-effectiveness was US $220 to $393 per year of life lost averted. Cause-specific mortality rates suggest reduced deaths due to infections and those associated with prematurity/low birth weight. Improvements were seen in hygienic home delivery practices, newborn thermal care, and breastfeeding practices. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Women's group community mobilization, delivered

Published
2013
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40. Effect of women's groups and volunteer peer counselling on rates of mortality, morbidity, and health behaviours in mothers and children in rural Malawi (MaiMwana) : a factorial, cluster-randomised controlled trial

Author

Lewycka, Sonia, Mwansambo, Charles, Rosato, Mikey, Kazembe, Peter, Phiri, Tambosi, Mganga, Andrew, Chapota, Hilda, Malamba, Florida, Kainja, Esther, Newell, Marie-Louise, Greco, Giulia, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Skordis-Worrall, Jolene, Vergnano, Stefania, Osrin, David, Costello, Anthony, Lewycka, Sonia, Mwansambo, Charles, Rosato, Mikey, Kazembe, Peter, Phiri, Tambosi, Mganga, Andrew, Chapota, Hilda, Malamba, Florida, Kainja, Esther, Newell, Marie-Louise, Greco, Giulia, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Skordis-Worrall, Jolene, Vergnano, Stefania, Osrin, David, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Women's groups and health education by peer counsellors can improve the health of mothers and children. We assessed their effects on mortality and breastfeeding rates in rural Malawi. METHODS: We did a 2×2 factorial, cluster-randomised trial in 185,888 people in Mchinji district. 48 equal-sized clusters were randomly allocated to four groups with a computer-generated number sequence. 24 facilitators guided groups through a community action cycle to tackle maternal and child health problems. 72 trained volunteer peer counsellors made home visits at five timepoints during pregnancy and after birth to support breastfeeding and infant care. Primary outcomes for the women's group intervention were maternal, perinatal, neonatal, and infant mortality rates (MMR, PMR, NMR, and IMR, respectively); and for the peer counselling were IMR and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates. Analysis was by intention to treat. The trial is registered as ISRCTN06477126. FINDINGS: We monitored outcomes of 26,262 births between 2005 and 2009. In a factorial model adjusted only for clustering and the volunteer peer counselling intervention, in women's group areas, for years 2 and 3, we noted non-significant decreases in NMR (odds ratio 0.93, 0.64-1.35) and MMR (0.54, 0.28-1.04). After adjustment for parity, socioeconomic quintile, and baseline measures, effects were larger for NMR (0.85, 0.59-1.22) and MMR (0.48, 0.26-0.91). Because of the interaction between the two interventions, a stratified analysis was done. For women's groups, in adjusted analyses, MMR fell by 74% (0.26, 0.10-0.70), and NMR by 41% (0.59, 0.40-0.86) in areas with no peer counsellors, but there was no effect in areas with counsellors (1.09, 0.40-2.98, and 1.38, 0.75-2.54). Factorial analysis for the peer counselling intervention for years 1-3 showed a fall in IMR of 18% (0.82, 0.67-1.00) and an improvement in EBF rates (2.42, 1.48-3.96). The results of the stratified, adjusted analysis showed a 36% reduction in I, FUNDING: Saving Newborn Lives, UK Department for International Development, Wellcome Trust, Institute of Child Health and UNICEF Malawi

Published
2013
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41. Association between clean delivery kit use, clean delivery practices, and neonatal survival : pooled analysis of data from three sites in South Asia

Author

Seward, Nadine, Osrin, David, Li, Leah, Costello, Anthony, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Houweling, Tanja A J, Morrison, Joanna, Nair, Nirmala, Tripathy, Prasanta, Azad, Kishwar, Manandhar, Dharma, Prost, Audrey, Seward, Nadine, Osrin, David, Li, Leah, Costello, Anthony, Pulkki-Brännström, Anni-Maria, Houweling, Tanja A J, Morrison, Joanna, Nair, Nirmala, Tripathy, Prasanta, Azad, Kishwar, Manandhar, Dharma, and Prost, Audrey

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sepsis accounts for up to 15% of an estimated 3.3 million annual neonatal deaths globally. We used data collected from the control arms of three previously conducted cluster-randomised controlled trials in rural Bangladesh, India, and Nepal to examine the association between clean delivery kit use or clean delivery practices and neonatal mortality among home births. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Hierarchical, logistic regression models were used to explore the association between neonatal mortality and clean delivery kit use or clean delivery practices in 19,754 home births, controlling for confounders common to all study sites. We tested the association between kit use and neonatal mortality using a pooled dataset from all three sites and separately for each site. We then examined the association between individual clean delivery practices addressed in the contents of the kit (boiled blade and thread, plastic sheet, gloves, hand washing, and appropriate cord care) and neonatal mortality. Finally, we examined the combined association between mortality and four specific clean delivery practices (boiled blade and thread, hand washing, and plastic sheet). Using the pooled dataset, we found that kit use was associated with a relative reduction in neonatal mortality (adjusted odds ratio 0.52, 95% CI 0.39-0.68). While use of a clean delivery kit was not always accompanied by clean delivery practices, using a plastic sheet during delivery, a boiled blade to cut the cord, a boiled thread to tie the cord, and antiseptic to clean the umbilicus were each significantly associated with relative reductions in mortality, independently of kit use. Each additional clean delivery practice used was associated with a 16% relative reduction in neonatal mortality (odds ratio 0.84, 95% CI 0.77-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: The appropriate use of a clean delivery kit or clean delivery practices is associated with relative reductions in neonatal mortality among home births in underserved, rural p

Published
2012
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42. Health risks, present and future, from global climate change

Author

McMichael, Tony, Montgomery, Hugh, Costello, Anthony, McMichael, Tony, Montgomery, Hugh, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

There is now no serious scientific debate: human actions are changing the world’s climate, and are set to do so at an increasing rate in coming decades. Urgent action is now required to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (the dominant long acting greenhouse gas), if global temperature rises are not to exceed 2°C—the International Energy Authority warns that “the door to 2°C is closing.” Indeed, emissions must be hugely curtailed within just two decades, and then zero net emissions achieved by later this century, assisted by increased biosequestration of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, emissions continue to rise, having increased by 49% since 1990 and by an accelerated annual rate of 5.9% in 2010.

Published
2012

43. Adaptation of a probabilistic method (InterVA) of verbal autopsy to improve the interpretation of cause of stillbirth and neonatal death in Malawi, Nepal, and Zimbabwe.

Author

Vergnano, Stefania, Fottrell, Edward, Osrin, David, Kazembe, Peter N, Mwansambo, Charles, Manandhar, Dharma S, Munjanja, Stephan P, Byass, Peter, Lewycka, Sonia, Costello, Anthony, Vergnano, Stefania, Fottrell, Edward, Osrin, David, Kazembe, Peter N, Mwansambo, Charles, Manandhar, Dharma S, Munjanja, Stephan P, Byass, Peter, Lewycka, Sonia, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

Background Verbal autopsy (VA) is a widely used method for analyzing cause of death in absence of vital registration systems. We adapted the InterVA method to extrapolate causes of death for stillbirths and neonatal deaths from verbal autopsy questionnaires, using data from Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Nepal. Methods We obtained 734 stillbirth and neonatal VAs from recent community studies in rural areas: 169 from Malawi, 385 from Nepal, and 180 from Zimbabwe. Initial refinement of the InterVA model was based on 100 physician-reviewed VAs from Malawi. InterVA indicators and matrix probabilities for cause of death were reviewed for clinical and epidemiological coherence by a pediatrician-researcher and an epidemiologist involved in the development of InterVA. The modified InterVA model was evaluated by comparing population-level cause-specific mortality fractions and individual agreement from two methods of interpretation (physician review and InterVA) for a further 69 VAs from Malawi, 385 from Nepal, and 180 from Zimbabwe. Results Case-by-case agreement between InterVA and reviewing physician diagnoses for 69 cases from Malawi, 180 cases from Zimbabwe, and 385 cases from Nepal were 83% (kappa 0.76 (0.75 - 0.80)), 71% (kappa 0.41(0.32-0.51)), and 74% (kappa 0.63 (0.60-0.63)), respectively. The proportion of stillbirths identified as fresh or macerated by the different methods of VA interpretation was similar in all three settings. Comparing across countries, the modified InterVA method found that proportions of preterm births and deaths due to infection were higher in Zimbabwe (44%) than in Malawi (28%) or Nepal (20%). Conclusion The modified InterVA method provides plausible results for stillbirths and newborn deaths, broadly comparable to physician review but with the advantage of internal consistency. The method allows standardized cross-country comparisons and eliminates the inconsistencies of physician review in such comparisons.

Published
2011
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44. Managing the health effects of climate change

Author

Costello, Anthony, Abbas, Mustafa, Allen, Adriana, Ball, Sarah, Bell, Sarah, Bellamy, Richard, Groce, Nora, Johnson, Anne, Kett, Maria, Lee, Maria, Levy, Caren, Maslin, Mark, McCoy, David, McGuire, Bill, Montgomery, Hugh, Napier, David, Pagel, Christina, Patel, Jinesh, Antonio, Jose, de Oliveira, Puppim, Redclift, Nanneke, Rees, Hannah, Rogger, Daniel, Scott, Joanne, Stephenson, Judith, Twigg, John, Wolff, Jonathan, Patterson, Craig, Friel, Sharon, Costello, Anthony, Abbas, Mustafa, Allen, Adriana, Ball, Sarah, Bell, Sarah, Bellamy, Richard, Groce, Nora, Johnson, Anne, Kett, Maria, Lee, Maria, Levy, Caren, Maslin, Mark, McCoy, David, McGuire, Bill, Montgomery, Hugh, Napier, David, Pagel, Christina, Patel, Jinesh, Antonio, Jose, de Oliveira, Puppim, Redclift, Nanneke, Rees, Hannah, Rogger, Daniel, Scott, Joanne, Stephenson, Judith, Twigg, John, Wolff, Jonathan, Patterson, Craig, and Friel, Sharon

Abstract

Climate change is the biggest global health threat of the 21st century. Effects of climate change on health will affect most populations in the next decades and put the lives and wellbeing of billions of people at increased risk. During this century, earth’s average surface temperature rises are likely to exceed the safe threshold of 2°C above preindustrial average temperature. Rises will be greater at higher latitudes, with medium-risk scenarios predicting 2–3°C rises by 2090 and 4–5°C rises in northern Canada, Greenland, and Siberia. In this report, we have outlined the major threats—both direct and indirect—to global health from climate change through changing patterns of disease, water and food insecurity, vulnerable shelter and human settlements, extreme climatic events, and population growth and migration. Although vector-borne diseases will expand their reach and death tolls, especially among elderly people, will increase because of heatwaves, the indirect effects of climate change on water, food security, and extreme climatic events are likely to have the biggest effect on global health.

Published
2009

45. Pyatok, Michael, 'Housing justice : the role of design'

Author

Costello, Anthony J., Pyatok, Michael, Costello, Anthony J., and Pyatok, Michael

Abstract

Introduction by Tony Costello.; Lecture presented by Mike Pyatok, President at Pyatok Architects, as part of the Guest Lecture Series at Ball State University's College of Architecture and Planning., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Published
2008

46. Costello, Anthony audio oral history and transcript

Author

Mitchell, J. Paul, Costello, Anthony, Mitchell, J. Paul, and Costello, Anthony

Abstract

This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Published
2008

47. 2005 Ball State University spring commencement program and graduate roster

Author

Gergen, David R. (David Richmond), 1942-; Costello, Anthony J.; Owsley, David, Owsley, David; Gergen, David R. (David Richmond), 1942, Ball State University, Gergen, David R. (David Richmond), 1942-; Costello, Anthony J.; Owsley, David, Owsley, David; Gergen, David R. (David Richmond), 1942, and Ball State University

Abstract

This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Published
2005

48. Hardy, Hugh, 'Current work'

Author

Costello, Anthony J., Hardy, Hugh, 1932, Costello, Anthony J., and Hardy, Hugh, 1932

Abstract

Introduction by Tony Costello.; Lecture presented as part of the Guest Lecture Series at Ball State University's College of Architecture and Planning, This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Published
2003

49. Glue : a student journal, Vol. 05

Author

Schroeder, Cindy; Takahashi, Koichi; Pohlman, Natalie; West, Kurt D.; Dimova, Eugenia; Rebuck, Natalie; Vermillion, Joshua; Krenzke, Shaun; Helfrich, Stefanie; Herber, Nathan; Knudson, Kyle; Bradley, Malcolm; Mallory, David; Leap, Kelsey; Pabst, Josh; Schafer, Caleb; Schmidt, Adam; Vorsovki, Eugene; Arnett, Julianna; Bergeman, Brianne; Birkey, Ryan Dale; Carnes, Kevin; Costello, Anthony J.; Edwards, Jared; Fischer, Bradley; George, Mathew; Greene, Bryan J.; Hill, Matthew; Hinz, Ryan W.; Overbey, Daniel; Sklenar, Craig D.; Smith, Clayton; Suda, Paula; Misner, Ryan; Foster, Ben; Schlie, Kyle; Brakke, Aaron Paul; Hart, Matt; Cantrell, Crister; Farley, Brandon; Gordon, Tim; Bracher, Isaac; Hilleson, Zach; Hammond, Adrienne; Will, Katherine; Zimmerman, Nick; Kinkopf, Laura; Grubb, Krystal; Radomski, Albert; Thompson, Joseph; Hollingsworth, Amy; Meadows, Mary Heather; Bushert, Michael; Fraley, Jennifer Rose; Chabot, Anne; Martinson, Alexander; Janz, Wes; Guenes, Tuelay; Cook, Steve; Ritchey, Jevon; Noble, Jonny; Sowell, Dan; Williams, Parker; Horner, Robert; Vant Hoff, Chris; Tarcin, Andrew; Perso, Michael; Lee, Matthew; Daul, Laura; Pace, Brian W.; Luckock, Brooke; Tandogan, Eli; Perera, Sohith; Bajor, Daniel G.; Allison, Nicholas; Leimbach, John, Ball State University. College of Architecture and Planning, Schroeder, Cindy; Takahashi, Koichi; Pohlman, Natalie; West, Kurt D.; Dimova, Eugenia; Rebuck, Natalie; Vermillion, Joshua; Krenzke, Shaun; Helfrich, Stefanie; Herber, Nathan; Knudson, Kyle; Bradley, Malcolm; Mallory, David; Leap, Kelsey; Pabst, Josh; Schafer, Caleb; Schmidt, Adam; Vorsovki, Eugene; Arnett, Julianna; Bergeman, Brianne; Birkey, Ryan Dale; Carnes, Kevin; Costello, Anthony J.; Edwards, Jared; Fischer, Bradley; George, Mathew; Greene, Bryan J.; Hill, Matthew; Hinz, Ryan W.; Overbey, Daniel; Sklenar, Craig D.; Smith, Clayton; Suda, Paula; Misner, Ryan; Foster, Ben; Schlie, Kyle; Brakke, Aaron Paul; Hart, Matt; Cantrell, Crister; Farley, Brandon; Gordon, Tim; Bracher, Isaac; Hilleson, Zach; Hammond, Adrienne; Will, Katherine; Zimmerman, Nick; Kinkopf, Laura; Grubb, Krystal; Radomski, Albert; Thompson, Joseph; Hollingsworth, Amy; Meadows, Mary Heather; Bushert, Michael; Fraley, Jennifer Rose; Chabot, Anne; Martinson, Alexander; Janz, Wes; Guenes, Tuelay; Cook, Steve; Ritchey, Jevon; Noble, Jonny; Sowell, Dan; Williams, Parker; Horner, Robert; Vant Hoff, Chris; Tarcin, Andrew; Perso, Michael; Lee, Matthew; Daul, Laura; Pace, Brian W.; Luckock, Brooke; Tandogan, Eli; Perera, Sohith; Bajor, Daniel G.; Allison, Nicholas; Leimbach, John, and Ball State University. College of Architecture and Planning

Abstract

An annual non-profit student journal produced and managed by students of the Department of Architecture at Ball State University., Volume This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Published
2003

50. American Institute of Architects Indiana, award winners

Author

Costello, Anthony J.; Goffinet, Stephan E.; Gloyeske, Steve; Skibinski, Gerard J.; Risting, Steven; White, Drew; Cooper, Kevin and Costello, Anthony J.; Goffinet, Stephan E.; Gloyeske, Steve; Skibinski, Gerard J.; Risting, Steven; White, Drew; Cooper, Kevin

Abstract

American Institute of Architects Indiana award recipients present the winning projects., Steve Goffinet and Steve Gloyeske presents for Scholer Corporation.; Gerard Skibinski presents for Odle, McGuire, Shook.; Steven Risting presents for Ratio Architects.; Drew White and Kevin Cooper present for AXiS Architecture + Interiors.; Video goes black from 00:55:59 to 00:56:56., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Published
2002

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