Author: "Collignon, P." / Publication Type: Electronic Resources - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Collignon, P."' showing total 46 results

Start Over Author "Collignon, P." Publication Type Electronic Resources

46 results on '"Collignon, P."'

1. Panel stacking is a threat to consensus statement validity

Author: Kepp, K. P., Aavitsland, P., Ballin, M., Balloux, F., Baral, S., Bardosh, K., Bauchner, H., Bendavid, E., Bhopal, R., Blumstein, D. T., Boffetta, P., Bourgeois, F., Brufsky, A., Collignon, P. J., Cripps, S., Cristea, I. A., Curtis, N., Djulbegovic, B., Faude, O., Flacco, M. E., Guyatt, G. H., Hajishengallis, G., Hemkens, L. G., Hoffmann, T., Joffe, A. R., Klassen, T. P., Koletsi, D., Kontoyiannis, D. P., Kuhl, E., La Vecchia, C., Lallukka, T., Lambris, J., Levitt, M., Makridakis, S., Maltezou, H. C., Manzoli, L., Marusic, A., Mavragani, C., Moher, D., Mol, B. W., Muka, T., Naudet, F., Noble, P. W., Nordström, Anna, Nordström, P., Pandis, N., Papatheodorou, S., Patel, C. J., Petersen, I., Pilz, S., Plesnila, N., Ponsonby, A. -L, Rivas, M. A., Saltelli, A., Schabus, M., Schippers, M. C., Schünemann, H., Solmi, M., Stang, A., Streeck, H., Sturmberg, J. P., Thabane, L., Thombs, B. D., Tsakris, A., Wood, S. N., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Kepp, K. P., Aavitsland, P., Ballin, M., Balloux, F., Baral, S., Bardosh, K., Bauchner, H., Bendavid, E., Bhopal, R., Blumstein, D. T., Boffetta, P., Bourgeois, F., Brufsky, A., Collignon, P. J., Cripps, S., Cristea, I. A., Curtis, N., Djulbegovic, B., Faude, O., Flacco, M. E., Guyatt, G. H., Hajishengallis, G., Hemkens, L. G., Hoffmann, T., Joffe, A. R., Klassen, T. P., Koletsi, D., Kontoyiannis, D. P., Kuhl, E., La Vecchia, C., Lallukka, T., Lambris, J., Levitt, M., Makridakis, S., Maltezou, H. C., Manzoli, L., Marusic, A., Mavragani, C., Moher, D., Mol, B. W., Muka, T., Naudet, F., Noble, P. W., Nordström, Anna, Nordström, P., Pandis, N., Papatheodorou, S., Patel, C. J., Petersen, I., Pilz, S., Plesnila, N., Ponsonby, A. -L, Rivas, M. A., Saltelli, A., Schabus, M., Schippers, M. C., Schünemann, H., Solmi, M., Stang, A., Streeck, H., Sturmberg, J. P., Thabane, L., Thombs, B. D., Tsakris, A., Wood, S. N., and Ioannidis, J. P. A.
Abstract: Consensus statements can be very influential in medicine and public health. Some of these statements use systematic evidence synthesis but others fail on this front. Many consensus statements use panels of experts to deduce perceived consensus through Delphi processes. We argue that stacking of panel members toward one particular position or narrative is a major threat, especially in absence of systematic evidence review. Stacking may involve financial conflicts of interest, but nonfinancial conflicts of strong advocacy can also cause major bias. Given their emerging importance, we describe here how such consensus statements may be misleading, by analyzing in depth a recent high-impact Delphi consensus statement on COVID-19 recommendations as a case example. We demonstrate that many of the selected panel members and at least 35% of the core panel members had advocated toward COVID-19 elimination (Zero-COVID) during the pandemic and were leading members of aggressive advocacy groups. These advocacy conflicts were not declared in the Delphi consensus publication, with rare exceptions. Therefore, we propose that consensus statements should always require rigorous evidence synthesis and maximal transparency on potential biases toward advocacy or lobbyist groups to be valid. While advocacy can have many important functions, its biased impact on consensus panels should be carefully avoided.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Whole genomes from bacteria collected at diagnostic units around the world 2020

Author: Nag, S, Larsen, G, Szarvas, J, Birkedahl, L, Gulyas, G, Ciok, W, Lagermann, T, Tafaj, S, Bradbury, S, Collignon, P, Daley, D, Dougnon, V, Fabiyi, K, Coulibaly, B, Dembele, R, Nikiema, G, Magloire, N, Ouindgueta, I, Hossain, Z, Begum, A, Donchev, D, Diggle, M, Turnbull, L, Levesque, S, Berlinger, L, Sogaard, K, Guevara, P, Valderrama, C, Maikanti, P, Amlerova, J, Drevinek, P, Tkadlec, J, Dilas, M, Kaasch, A, Westh, H, Bachtarzi, M, Amhis, W, Salazar, C, Villacis, J, Luzon, M, Palau, D, Duployez, C, Paluche, M, Asante-Sefa, S, Moller, M, Ip, M, Marekovic, I, Pal-Sonnevend, A, Cocuzza, C, Dambrauskiene, A, Macanze, A, Cossa, A, Mandomando, I, Nwajiobi-Princewill, P, Okeke, I, Kehinde, A, Adebiyi, I, Akintayo, I, Popoola, O, Onipede, A, Blomfeldt, A, Nyquist, N, Bocker, K, Ussher, J, Ali, A, Ullah, N, Khan, H, Gustafson, N, Jarrar, I, Al-Hamad, A, Luvira, V, Paveenkittiporn, W, Baran, I, Mwansa, J, Sikakwa, L, Yamba, K, Hendriksen, R, Aarestrup, F, Nag S., Larsen G., Szarvas J., Birkedahl L. E. K., Gulyas G. M., Ciok W. J., Lagermann T. M., Tafaj S., Bradbury S., Collignon P., Daley D., Dougnon V., Fabiyi K., Coulibaly B., Dembele R., Nikiema G., Magloire N., Ouindgueta I. J., Hossain Z. Z., Begum A., Donchev D., Diggle M., Turnbull L. A., Levesque S., Berlinger L., Sogaard K. K., Guevara P. D., Valderrama C. D., Maikanti P., Amlerova J., Drevinek P., Tkadlec J., Dilas M., Kaasch A., Westh H. T., Bachtarzi M. A., Amhis W., Salazar C. E. S., Villacis J. E., Luzon M. A. D., Palau D. B., Duployez C., Paluche M., Asante-Sefa S., Moller M., Ip M., Marekovic I., Pal-Sonnevend A., Cocuzza C. E., Dambrauskiene A., Macanze A., Cossa A., Mandomando I., Nwajiobi-Princewill P., Okeke I. N., Kehinde A. O., Adebiyi I., Akintayo I., Popoola O., Onipede A., Blomfeldt A., Nyquist N. E., Bocker K., Ussher J., Ali A., Ullah N., Khan H., Gustafson N. W., Jarrar I., Al-Hamad A., Luvira V., Paveenkittiporn W., Baran I., Mwansa J. C. L., Sikakwa L., Yamba K., Hendriksen R. S., Aarestrup F. M., Nag, S, Larsen, G, Szarvas, J, Birkedahl, L, Gulyas, G, Ciok, W, Lagermann, T, Tafaj, S, Bradbury, S, Collignon, P, Daley, D, Dougnon, V, Fabiyi, K, Coulibaly, B, Dembele, R, Nikiema, G, Magloire, N, Ouindgueta, I, Hossain, Z, Begum, A, Donchev, D, Diggle, M, Turnbull, L, Levesque, S, Berlinger, L, Sogaard, K, Guevara, P, Valderrama, C, Maikanti, P, Amlerova, J, Drevinek, P, Tkadlec, J, Dilas, M, Kaasch, A, Westh, H, Bachtarzi, M, Amhis, W, Salazar, C, Villacis, J, Luzon, M, Palau, D, Duployez, C, Paluche, M, Asante-Sefa, S, Moller, M, Ip, M, Marekovic, I, Pal-Sonnevend, A, Cocuzza, C, Dambrauskiene, A, Macanze, A, Cossa, A, Mandomando, I, Nwajiobi-Princewill, P, Okeke, I, Kehinde, A, Adebiyi, I, Akintayo, I, Popoola, O, Onipede, A, Blomfeldt, A, Nyquist, N, Bocker, K, Ussher, J, Ali, A, Ullah, N, Khan, H, Gustafson, N, Jarrar, I, Al-Hamad, A, Luvira, V, Paveenkittiporn, W, Baran, I, Mwansa, J, Sikakwa, L, Yamba, K, Hendriksen, R, Aarestrup, F, Nag S., Larsen G., Szarvas J., Birkedahl L. E. K., Gulyas G. M., Ciok W. J., Lagermann T. M., Tafaj S., Bradbury S., Collignon P., Daley D., Dougnon V., Fabiyi K., Coulibaly B., Dembele R., Nikiema G., Magloire N., Ouindgueta I. J., Hossain Z. Z., Begum A., Donchev D., Diggle M., Turnbull L. A., Levesque S., Berlinger L., Sogaard K. K., Guevara P. D., Valderrama C. D., Maikanti P., Amlerova J., Drevinek P., Tkadlec J., Dilas M., Kaasch A., Westh H. T., Bachtarzi M. A., Amhis W., Salazar C. E. S., Villacis J. E., Luzon M. A. D., Palau D. B., Duployez C., Paluche M., Asante-Sefa S., Moller M., Ip M., Marekovic I., Pal-Sonnevend A., Cocuzza C. E., Dambrauskiene A., Macanze A., Cossa A., Mandomando I., Nwajiobi-Princewill P., Okeke I. N., Kehinde A. O., Adebiyi I., Akintayo I., Popoola O., Onipede A., Blomfeldt A., Nyquist N. E., Bocker K., Ussher J., Ali A., Ullah N., Khan H., Gustafson N. W., Jarrar I., Al-Hamad A., Luvira V., Paveenkittiporn W., Baran I., Mwansa J. C. L., Sikakwa L., Yamba K., Hendriksen R. S., and Aarestrup F. M.
Abstract: The Two Weeks in the World research project has resulted in a dataset of 3087 clinically relevant bacterial genomes with pertaining metadata, collected from 59 diagnostic units in 35 countries around the world during 2020. A relational database is available with metadata and summary data from selected bioinformatic analysis, such as species prediction and identification of acquired resistance genes.
Published: 2023

3. Key lessons from the COVID-19 public health response in Australia

Author: Basseal, JM, Bennett, CM, Collignon, P, Currie, BJ, Durrheim, DN, Leask, J, McBryde, ES, McIntyre, P, Russell, FM, Smith, DW, Sorrell, TC, Marais, BJ, Basseal, JM, Bennett, CM, Collignon, P, Currie, BJ, Durrheim, DN, Leask, J, McBryde, ES, McIntyre, P, Russell, FM, Smith, DW, Sorrell, TC, and Marais, BJ
Abstract: Australia avoided the worst effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, but still experienced many negative impacts. Reflecting on lessons from Australia's public health response, an Australian expert panel composed of relevant discipline experts identified the following key lessons: 1) movement restrictions were effective, but their implementation requires careful consideration of adverse impacts, 2) disease modelling was valuable, but its limitations should be acknowledged, 3) the absence of timely national data requires re-assessment of national surveillance structures, 4) the utility of advanced pathogen genomics and novel vaccine technology was clearly demonstrated, 5) decision-making that is evidence informed and consultative is essential to maintain trust, 6) major system weaknesses in the residential aged-care sector require fixing, 7) adequate infection prevention and control frameworks are critically important, 8) the interests and needs of young people should not be compromised, 9) epidemics should be recognised as a 'standing threat', 10) regional and global solidarity is important. It should be acknowledged that we were unable to capture all relevant nuances and context specific differences. However, the intent of this review of Australia's public health response is to critically reflect on key lessons learnt and to encourage constructive national discussion in countries across the Western Pacific Region.
Published: 2023

4. Co-creation Workshop Report Pan-European Workshop : AgroBridges “Building bridges between consumers and producers by supporting short food supply chains through a systemic, holistic, multi-actor approach-based Toolbox

Author: Malliopoulos, Georgios, Efthymiadou, E., Dries, L.K.E., Quesada, Katarzyna Rull, Bialik, Anna, Bober, Tomasz, Franco, Víctor Javier Corral, Chavrier, Nathalie, Alpas, Hami, Mutuş, Begüm, Dinç, Özge, Simonsen, A., Sandvad, Britt, Vehmas, Kaisa, Kulju, Minna, Seisto, A., Giuca, S., Borsotto, P., Cagliero, R., Mazzocchi, Giampiero, Sardone, R., Gardarin, Aurélie, Bodin, Pauline, Défossez, Pauline, Collignon, P., Attard, Jennifer, Gaffey, James, Henchion, Maeve, Olomo, Oluwayemisi, Hyland, John, Besagirskas, S., Zolnierski, A., Menjoks, V., Dolmate, A., Malliopoulos, Georgios, Efthymiadou, E., Dries, L.K.E., Quesada, Katarzyna Rull, Bialik, Anna, Bober, Tomasz, Franco, Víctor Javier Corral, Chavrier, Nathalie, Alpas, Hami, Mutuş, Begüm, Dinç, Özge, Simonsen, A., Sandvad, Britt, Vehmas, Kaisa, Kulju, Minna, Seisto, A., Giuca, S., Borsotto, P., Cagliero, R., Mazzocchi, Giampiero, Sardone, R., Gardarin, Aurélie, Bodin, Pauline, Défossez, Pauline, Collignon, P., Attard, Jennifer, Gaffey, James, Henchion, Maeve, Olomo, Oluwayemisi, Hyland, John, Besagirskas, S., Zolnierski, A., Menjoks, V., and Dolmate, A.
Published: 2022

5. ESL/Literacy for Adult Non-Native Speakers of English. A Handbook for Practitioners.

Author: International Inst. of Rhode Island, Providence. and Collignon, Francine Filipek
Abstract: A 3-year Literacy/English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) program is described that was established in 1988 to improve access to literacy for Rhode Island's adult non-native speakers of English. In this handbook, the two literacy facilitators associated with the program explore issues significant to a more learner-centered practice of addressing the literacy needs of adult non-native speakers of English. Models are described for professional development, preparation of volunteers, and instruction with learners interacting with print. The intention is to help demystify the process of ESL/literacy for providers and to support new forms of education in literacy. A brief review of the literature on learner-centered practice is given, followed by descriptions of specific practices and discussions and examples of action research. Outreach efforts are also described. Although the ESL/Literacy Program reached fewer individuals than it intended in some areas, it surpassed expectation in others and contributed to significant change in cross-program awareness and cooperation within and outside the agency. (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse on Literacy Education) (LB)
Published: 1991

6. Molecular characterization of fosfomycin-resistant Escherichia coli urinary tract infection isolates from Australia

Author: Mowlaboccus, S., Daley, D.A., Birdsall, J., Gottlieb, T., Merlino, J., Nimmo, G.R., George, N., Korman, T., Streitberg, R., Robson, J., Peachey, G., Collignon, P., Bradbury, S., Rogers, B.A., Coombs, G.W., Mowlaboccus, S., Daley, D.A., Birdsall, J., Gottlieb, T., Merlino, J., Nimmo, G.R., George, N., Korman, T., Streitberg, R., Robson, J., Peachey, G., Collignon, P., Bradbury, S., Rogers, B.A., and Coombs, G.W.
Abstract: Letter to the Editor
Published: 2021

7. Molecular characterization of fosfomycin-resistant Escherichia coli urinary tract infection isolates from Australia.

Author: Mowlaboccus S., Daley D.A., Birdsall J., Gottlieb T., Merlino J., Nimmo G.R., George N., Korman T., Streitberg R., Robson J., Peachey G., Collignon P., Bradbury S., Rogers B.A., Coombs G.W., Mowlaboccus S., Daley D.A., Birdsall J., Gottlieb T., Merlino J., Nimmo G.R., George N., Korman T., Streitberg R., Robson J., Peachey G., Collignon P., Bradbury S., Rogers B.A., and Coombs G.W.
Published: 2021

8. Identification and characterisation of fosfomycin resistance in Escherichia coli urinary tract infection isolates from Australia

Author: Mowlaboccus, S., Daley, D., Pang, S., Gottlieb, T., Merlino, J., Nimmo, G.R., George, N., Korman, T.M., Streitberg, R., Robson, J., Peachey, G., Collignon, P., Bradbury, S., Colombi, Elena, Ramsay, Josh, Rogers, B.A., Coombs, G.W., Mowlaboccus, S., Daley, D., Pang, S., Gottlieb, T., Merlino, J., Nimmo, G.R., George, N., Korman, T.M., Streitberg, R., Robson, J., Peachey, G., Collignon, P., Bradbury, S., Colombi, Elena, Ramsay, Josh, Rogers, B.A., and Coombs, G.W.
Abstract: © 2020 Elsevier Ltd Of 1033 Escherichia coli urinary tract infection isolates collected from females >12 years of age in Australia in 2019, only 2 isolates were resistant to fosfomycin with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of >256 mg/L. Despite having different multilocus sequence types, the two isolates harboured an identical plasmid-encoded fosA4 gene. The fosA4 gene has previously been identified in a single clinical E. coli isolate cultured in Japan in 2014. Each fosfomycin-resistant isolate harboured two conjugative plasmids that possessed an array of genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides and/or trimethoprim.
Published: 2020

9. Identification and characterisation of fosfomycin resistance in Escherichia coli urinary tract infection isolates from Australia.

Author: Bradbury S., Colombi E., Coombs G.W., Rogers B.A., Ramsay J.P., Mowlaboccus S., Daley D., Pang S., Gottlieb T., Merlino J., Nimmo G.R., George N., Korman T.M., Streitberg R., Robson J., Peachey G., Collignon P., Bradbury S., Colombi E., Coombs G.W., Rogers B.A., Ramsay J.P., Mowlaboccus S., Daley D., Pang S., Gottlieb T., Merlino J., Nimmo G.R., George N., Korman T.M., Streitberg R., Robson J., Peachey G., and Collignon P.
Abstract: Of 1033 Escherichia coli urinary tract infection isolates collected from females >12 years of age in Australia in 2019, only 2 isolates were resistant to fosfomycin with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of >256 mg/L. Despite having different multilocus sequence types, the two isolates harboured an identical plasmid-encoded fosA4 gene. The fosA4 gene has previously been identified in a single clinical E. coli isolate cultured in Japan in 2014. Each fosfomycin-resistant isolate harboured two conjugative plasmids that possessed an array of genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides and/or trimethoprim.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2020

10. Setting a baseline for global urban virome surveillance in sewage

Author: Nieuwenhuijse, D.F. (David F.), Oude Munnink, B.B. (Bas B.), Phan, M.V.T. (My V. T.), Hendriksen, R.S. (Rene S.), Bego, A. (Artan), Rees, C. (Catherine), Neilson, E.H. (Elizabeth Heather), Coventry, K. (Kris), Collignon, P. (Peter), Allerberger, F. (Franz), Rahube, T.O. (Teddie O.), Oliveira, G. (Guilherme), Ivanov, I. (Ivan), Sopheak, T. (Thet), Vuthy, Y. (Yith), Yost, C.K. (Christopher K.), Tabo, D.-A. (Djim-adjim), Cuadros-Orellana, S. (Sara), Ke, C. (Changwen), Zheng, H. (Huanying), Baisheng, L. (Li), Jiao, X. (Xiaoyang), Donado-Godoy, P. (Pilar), Coulibaly, K.J. (Kalpy Julien), Hrenovic, J. (Jasna), Jergović, M. (Matijana), Karpíšková, R. (Renáta), Elsborg, B. (Bodil), Legesse, M. (Mengistu), Eguale, T. (Tadesse), Heikinheimo, A. (Annamari), Villacis, J.E. (Jose Eduardo), Sanneh, B. (Bakary), Malania, L. (Lile), Nitsche, A., Brinkmann, A. (Annika), Saba, C.K.S. (Courage Kosi Setsoafia), Kocsis, B. (Bela), Solymosi, N. (Norbert), Thorsteinsdottir, T.R. (Thorunn R.), Hatha, A.M. (Abdulla Mohamed), Alebouyeh, M. (Masoud), Morris, D. (Douglas), O’Connor, L. (Louise), Cormican, M. (M.), Moran-Gilad, J. (Jacob), Battisti, A. (Antonio), Alba, P. (Patricia), Shakenova, Z. (Zeinegul), Kiiyukia, C. (Ciira), Ng’eno, E. (Eric), Raka, L. (Lul), Bērziņš, A. (Aivars), Avsejenko, J. (Jeļena), Bartkevics, V. (Vadims), Penny, C. (Christian), Rajandas, H. (Heraa), Parimannan, S. (Sivachandran), Haber, M.V. (Malcolm Vella), Pal, P. (Pushkar), Schmitt, H. (Heike), van Passel, M. (Mark), van de Schans, M.G.M. (Milou G.M.), Zuidema, T. (Tina), Jeunen, G.-J. (Gert-Jan), Gemmell, N. (Neil), Fashae, K. (Kayode), Wester, A.L. (Astrid Louise), Holmstad, R. (Rune), Hasan, R. (Rumina), Shakoor, S. (Sadia), Rojas, M.L.Z. (Maria Luz Zamudio), Wasyl, D. (Dariusz), Bosevska, G. (Golubinka), Kochubovski, M. (Mihail), Radu, C. (Cojocaru), Gassama†, A. (Amy), Radosavljevic, V. (Vladimir), Tay, M.Y.F. (Moon Y.F.), Zuniga-Montanez, R. (Rogelio), Wuertz, S. (Stefan), Gavačová, D. (Dagmar), Trkov, M. (Marija), Keddy, K. (Karen), Esterhuyse, K. (Kerneels), Cerdà-Cuéllar, M. (Marta), Pathirage, S. (Sujatha), Larsson, D.G.J. (D.G.Joakim), Norrgren, L. (Leif), Örn, S. (Stefan), Van der Heijden, T. (Tanja), Kumburu, H.H. (Happiness Houka), de RodaHusman, A.M. (Ana Maria), Njanpop-Lafourcade, B.-M. (Berthe-Marie), Bidjada, P. (Pawou), Nikiema-Pessinaba, S.C. (Somtinda Christelle), Levent, B. (Belkis), Meschke, J.S. (John Scott), Beck, N.K. (Nicola Koren), Van Dang, C. (Chinh), Tran, D.M.N. (Doan Minh Nguyen), Do Phuc, N. (Nguyen), Kwenda, G. (Geoffrey), Munk, P. (Patrick), Venkatakrishnan, S. (Shweta), Aarestrup, F.M. (Frank), Cotten, M. (Matthew), Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion), Nieuwenhuijse, D.F. (David F.), Oude Munnink, B.B. (Bas B.), Phan, M.V.T. (My V. T.), Hendriksen, R.S. (Rene S.), Bego, A. (Artan), Rees, C. (Catherine), Neilson, E.H. (Elizabeth Heather), Coventry, K. (Kris), Collignon, P. (Peter), Allerberger, F. (Franz), Rahube, T.O. (Teddie O.), Oliveira, G. (Guilherme), Ivanov, I. (Ivan), Sopheak, T. (Thet), Vuthy, Y. (Yith), Yost, C.K. (Christopher K.), Tabo, D.-A. (Djim-adjim), Cuadros-Orellana, S. (Sara), Ke, C. (Changwen), Zheng, H. (Huanying), Baisheng, L. (Li), Jiao, X. (Xiaoyang), Donado-Godoy, P. (Pilar), Coulibaly, K.J. (Kalpy Julien), Hrenovic, J. (Jasna), Jergović, M. (Matijana), Karpíšková, R. (Renáta), Elsborg, B. (Bodil), Legesse, M. (Mengistu), Eguale, T. (Tadesse), Heikinheimo, A. (Annamari), Villacis, J.E. (Jose Eduardo), Sanneh, B. (Bakary), Malania, L. (Lile), Nitsche, A., Brinkmann, A. (Annika), Saba, C.K.S. (Courage Kosi Setsoafia), Kocsis, B. (Bela), Solymosi, N. (Norbert), Thorsteinsdottir, T.R. (Thorunn R.), Hatha, A.M. (Abdulla Mohamed), Alebouyeh, M. (Masoud), Morris, D. (Douglas), O’Connor, L. (Louise), Cormican, M. (M.), Moran-Gilad, J. (Jacob), Battisti, A. (Antonio), Alba, P. (Patricia), Shakenova, Z. (Zeinegul), Kiiyukia, C. (Ciira), Ng’eno, E. (Eric), Raka, L. (Lul), Bērziņš, A. (Aivars), Avsejenko, J. (Jeļena), Bartkevics, V. (Vadims), Penny, C. (Christian), Rajandas, H. (Heraa), Parimannan, S. (Sivachandran), Haber, M.V. (Malcolm Vella), Pal, P. (Pushkar), Schmitt, H. (Heike), van Passel, M. (Mark), van de Schans, M.G.M. (Milou G.M.), Zuidema, T. (Tina), Jeunen, G.-J. (Gert-Jan), Gemmell, N. (Neil), Fashae, K. (Kayode), Wester, A.L. (Astrid Louise), Holmstad, R. (Rune), Hasan, R. (Rumina), Shakoor, S. (Sadia), Rojas, M.L.Z. (Maria Luz Zamudio), Wasyl, D. (Dariusz), Bosevska, G. (Golubinka), Kochubovski, M. (Mihail), Radu, C. (Cojocaru), Gassama†, A. (Amy), Radosavljevic, V. (Vladimir), Tay, M.Y.F. (Moon Y.F.), Zuniga-Montanez, R. (Rogelio), Wuertz, S. (Stefan), Gavačová, D. (Dagmar), Trkov, M. (Marija), Keddy, K. (Karen), Esterhuyse, K. (Kerneels), Cerdà-Cuéllar, M. (Marta), Pathirage, S. (Sujatha), Larsson, D.G.J. (D.G.Joakim), Norrgren, L. (Leif), Örn, S. (Stefan), Van der Heijden, T. (Tanja), Kumburu, H.H. (Happiness Houka), de RodaHusman, A.M. (Ana Maria), Njanpop-Lafourcade, B.-M. (Berthe-Marie), Bidjada, P. (Pawou), Nikiema-Pessinaba, S.C. (Somtinda Christelle), Levent, B. (Belkis), Meschke, J.S. (John Scott), Beck, N.K. (Nicola Koren), Van Dang, C. (Chinh), Tran, D.M.N. (Doan Minh Nguyen), Do Phuc, N. (Nguyen), Kwenda, G. (Geoffrey), Munk, P. (Patrick), Venkatakrishnan, S. (Shweta), Aarestrup, F.M. (Frank), Cotten, M. (Matthew), and Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion)
Abstract: The rapid development of megacities, and their growing connectedness across the world is becoming a distinct driver for emerging disease outbreaks. Early detection of unusual disease emergence and spread should therefore include such cities as part of risk-based surveillance. A catch-all metagenomic sequencing approach of urban sewage could potentially provide an unbiased insight into the dynamics of viral pathogens circulating in a community irrespective of access to care, a potential which already has been proven for the surveillance of poliovirus. Here, we present a detailed characterization of sewage viromes from a snapshot of 81 high density urban areas across the globe, including in-depth assessment of potential biases, as a proof of concept for catch-all viral pathogen surveillance. We show the ability to detect a wide range of viruses and geographical and seasonal differences for specific viral groups. Our findings offer a cross-sectional baseline for further research in viral surveillance from urban sewage samples and place previous studies in a global perspective.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Setting a baseline for global urban virome surveillance in sewage

Author: Nieuwenhuijse, D.F., Oude Munnink, B.B., Phan, M.V.T., Hendriksen, R.S., Bego, A., Rees, C., Neilson, E.H., Coventry, K., Collignon, P., Allerberger, F., Rahube, T.O., Oliveira, G., Ivanov, I., Sopheak, T., Vuthy, Y., Yost, C.K., Tabo, D.-A., Cuadros-Orellana, S., Ke, C., Zheng, H., Baisheng, L., Jiao, X., Donado-Godoy, P., Coulibaly, K.J., Hrenovic, J., Jergović, M., Karpíšková, R., Elsborg, B., Legesse, M., Eguale, T., Heikinheimo, A., Villacis, J.E., Sanneh, B., Malania, L., Nitsche, A., Brinkmann, A., Saba, C.K.S., Kocsis, B., Solymosi, N., Thorsteinsdottir, T.R., Hatha, A.M., Alebouyeh, M., Morris, D., O’Connor, L., Cormican, M., Moran-Gilad, J., Battisti, A., Alba, P., Shakenova, Z., Kiiyukia, C., Ng’eno, E., Raka, L., Bērziņš, A., Avsejenko, J., Bartkevics, V., Penny, C., Rajandas, H., Parimannan, S., Haber, M.V., Pal, P., Schmitt, H., van Passel, M., van de Schans, M.G.M., Zuidema, T., Jeunen, G.-J., Gemmell, N., Fashae, K., Wester, A.L., Holmstad, R., Hasan, R., Shakoor, S., Rojas, M.L.Z., Wasyl, D., Bosevska, G., Kochubovski, M., Radu, C., Gassama†, A., Radosavljević, Vladimir, Tay, M.Y.F., Zuniga-Montanez, R., Wuertz, S., Gavačová, D., Trkov, M., Keddy, K., Esterhuyse, K., Cerdà-Cuéllar, M., Pathirage, S., Larsson, D.G.J., Norrgren, L., Örn, S., Van der Heijden, T., Kumburu, H.H., de RodaHusman, A.M., Njanpop-Lafourcade, B.-M., Bidjada, P., Nikiema-Pessinaba, S.C., Levent, B., Meschke, J.S., Beck, N.K., Van Dang, C., Tran, D.M.N., Do Phuc, N., Kwenda, G., Munk, P., Venkatakrishnan, S., Aarestrup, F.M., Cotten, M., Koopmans, M.P.G., Nieuwenhuijse, D.F., Oude Munnink, B.B., Phan, M.V.T., Hendriksen, R.S., Bego, A., Rees, C., Neilson, E.H., Coventry, K., Collignon, P., Allerberger, F., Rahube, T.O., Oliveira, G., Ivanov, I., Sopheak, T., Vuthy, Y., Yost, C.K., Tabo, D.-A., Cuadros-Orellana, S., Ke, C., Zheng, H., Baisheng, L., Jiao, X., Donado-Godoy, P., Coulibaly, K.J., Hrenovic, J., Jergović, M., Karpíšková, R., Elsborg, B., Legesse, M., Eguale, T., Heikinheimo, A., Villacis, J.E., Sanneh, B., Malania, L., Nitsche, A., Brinkmann, A., Saba, C.K.S., Kocsis, B., Solymosi, N., Thorsteinsdottir, T.R., Hatha, A.M., Alebouyeh, M., Morris, D., O’Connor, L., Cormican, M., Moran-Gilad, J., Battisti, A., Alba, P., Shakenova, Z., Kiiyukia, C., Ng’eno, E., Raka, L., Bērziņš, A., Avsejenko, J., Bartkevics, V., Penny, C., Rajandas, H., Parimannan, S., Haber, M.V., Pal, P., Schmitt, H., van Passel, M., van de Schans, M.G.M., Zuidema, T., Jeunen, G.-J., Gemmell, N., Fashae, K., Wester, A.L., Holmstad, R., Hasan, R., Shakoor, S., Rojas, M.L.Z., Wasyl, D., Bosevska, G., Kochubovski, M., Radu, C., Gassama†, A., Radosavljević, Vladimir, Tay, M.Y.F., Zuniga-Montanez, R., Wuertz, S., Gavačová, D., Trkov, M., Keddy, K., Esterhuyse, K., Cerdà-Cuéllar, M., Pathirage, S., Larsson, D.G.J., Norrgren, L., Örn, S., Van der Heijden, T., Kumburu, H.H., de RodaHusman, A.M., Njanpop-Lafourcade, B.-M., Bidjada, P., Nikiema-Pessinaba, S.C., Levent, B., Meschke, J.S., Beck, N.K., Van Dang, C., Tran, D.M.N., Do Phuc, N., Kwenda, G., Munk, P., Venkatakrishnan, S., Aarestrup, F.M., Cotten, M., and Koopmans, M.P.G.
Abstract: The rapid development of megacities, and their growing connectedness across the world is becoming a distinct driver for emerging disease outbreaks. Early detection of unusual disease emergence and spread should therefore include such cities as part of risk-based surveillance. A catch-all metagenomic sequencing approach of urban sewage could potentially provide an unbiased insight into the dynamics of viral pathogens circulating in a community irrespective of access to care, a potential which already has been proven for the surveillance of poliovirus. Here, we present a detailed characterization of sewage viromes from a snapshot of 81 high density urban areas across the globe, including in-depth assessment of potential biases, as a proof of concept for catch-all viral pathogen surveillance. We show the ability to detect a wide range of viruses and geographical and seasonal differences for specific viral groups. Our findings offer a cross-sectional baseline for further research in viral surveillance from urban sewage samples and place previous studies in a global perspective.
Published: 2020

12. The new screening program to prevent cervical cancer using HPV DNA: getting the balance right in maintaining quality

Author: Garland, SM, Dimech, W, Collignon, P, Cooley, L, Nimmo, GR, Smith, DW, Baird, R, Rawlinson, W, Costa, AM, Higgins, G, Garland, SM, Dimech, W, Collignon, P, Cooley, L, Nimmo, GR, Smith, DW, Baird, R, Rawlinson, W, Costa, AM, and Higgins, G
Abstract: Along with the reduction in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical abnormalities as a result of the successful HPV vaccination program, Australia is adopting a new screening strategy. This involves a new paradigm moving from cervical cytological screening to molecular nucleic acid technology (NAT), using HPV DNA assays as primary screening methodology for cervical cancer prevention. These assays must strike a balance between sufficient clinical sensitivity to detect or predict high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions, the precursor to cervical cancer, without being too sensitive and detecting transient infection not destined for disease. Ensuring the highest quality HPV NAT is thus a priority in order to reduce the possibility of falsely negative screens and manage the risk associated with false positive HPV NAT test results. How to do this needs informed discussion and on-going refinement of the screening algorithm. This is of relevance as more countries move to more sensitive HPV NAT tests for secondary prevention of cervical cancer and as more HPV assays become available.
Published: 2018

13. World alliance against antibiotic resistance: The WAAAR declaration against antibiotic resistance

Author: Carlet, J, Aaron, L, Abassi, M, Abbo, L, Aboderin, O, Abraham, E, Abroug, F, Acar, J, Achour, W, Adachi, J, Al-Abri, S, Al-Mousa, H, Albaya-Moreno, A, Alberti, C, Alfandari, S, Alnimr, A, Aranda, C, de Lerma, F, Amer, F, Andremont, A, Angoulvant, F, Anguill, M, Antonelli, M, Antoniadou, E, Arlet, G, Armaganidis, A, Arnera, A, Artigas, A, Attali, C, Auber, F, Aubert, J, Augereau, B, Aupee, M, Bahri, O, Ballereau, F, Bapt, G, Baquero, F, Barkhan, T, Barouti, O, Barthelemy, M, Barton, G, Bastoni, D, Baussier, M, Bavestrello, L, Beger, B, Benenson, S, Bensalem, F, Beraud, G, Bergheau, F, Bernard, G, Berthelot, P, Bertrand, X, Beuhorry-Sassus, F, Beuret, P, Billington, J, Birge, J, Biscardi, S, Blanch, L, Blanchard, H, Bleck, T, Blondeau, J, Blot, F, Borgey, F, Bousquet-Melou, A, Brami, J, Brard, C, Bretagne, S, Bretonniere, C, Brink, A, Brown, S, Bruant-Rodier, C, Brun-Buisson, C, Bruneel, F, de Carvalho, F, Buhot, C, Bukharie, H, Cabie, A, Calandra, T, Caniaux, I, Canica, M, Canton, R, Carenco, P, Carlet, C, Carlet, F, Carlet, R, Cars, O, Cassiano-Neves, M, Castan, B, Castellan, V, Cazenave-Roblot, F, Ceretti, A, Chakarian, J, Chalumeau-Lemoine, L, Chandy, J, Chanfreau, B, Chastre, J, Chausset, R, Chavanet, P, Cheadle, W, Chiche, J, Chidiac, C, Chosidow, O, Chueca, N, Cohen, J, Cohen, R, Collignon, P, Collot, F, Coloby, P, Conly, J, Cordero, C, Cordonnier, C, Corso, A, Cosgrove, S, Courcol, R, Crane, S, Craven, D, Crespin, A, Cyrillo, M, Danin, P, Waele, J, Dellamonica, P, Patchen Dellinger, E, Dellinger, P, Delmont, J, Denes, E, Dimopoulos, G, Drekonja, D, Mansilla, A, Druais, P, Dufour-Pierrat, S, Dumartin, C, Dunser, M, Dupont, M, Durlach, R, Dyar, O, Echaniz, G, Edelstein, P, Eggimann, P, Elghonemi, M, Elmdaghri, N, Elsaid, R, Elsokari, R, Engelhard, D, Fabry, J, Farmer, C, Fernandez, J, Finfer, S, Finn, P, Fjeldsted, K, Floret, D, Flozaro, F, Foegle, J, Forceville, X, Fournier, S, Frachon, I, Friedrich, A, Funuel, P, Gaillard, D, Gaillat, J, Galperine, T, Gambarotto, K, Garo, B, Garrouste-Orgeas, M, Gastemeier, P, Gauchot, J, Gauzit, R, Gavazzi, G, Gazagne, L, Gerberding, J, Ghafur, A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E, Giamarellou, E, Giard, M, Gilchrist, M, Gilquin, J, Gilsanz, F, Gniadkowski, M, Gogos, C, Goldman, D, Gordon, F, Gottlieb, T, Gould, I, Gouveia, J, Grant, J, Grason, L, Greder, A, Grundman, H, Guaguere, E, Gueroult-Locher, G, Guery, B, Guidet, B, Guignabert, C, Gupta, P, Gupta, S, Gurjar, M, Guzman, M, Hajjar, J, Hammad, N, Hammerum, A, Hanberger, H, Hanke, R, Harbarth, S, Harel, A, Heisbourg, E, Hermes, I, Hermet, J, Hirschel, B, Hoen, B, Hollis, A, Honghong, X, Hooper, D, Horcajada, J, Housset, B, Hryniewicz, W, Hsu, L, Huang, S, Hughes, J, Hunault, J, Jakobsen, L, Jalil, N, Jansens, H, Jarlier, V, Jarvis, W, Jean, D, Jereb, M, Johnson, J, Joly-Guillou, M, Jonquet, O, Kac, G, Kaddu-Mulindwa, D, Kaku, M, Kilani, B, Kim, E, Gazard, D, Klugman, K, Klutts, S, Kluytmans, J, Kollef, M, Koulenti, D, Kresken, M, Lacoin, F, Lajonchere, J, Landgraf, N, Larroussinie, G, Laterre, P, Lavenaire, A, Lavigne, T, Laxminarayan, R, Le, T, Leblanc-Jouffre, F, Lee, N, Lehiani, O, Lelouet, H, Lemanach-Kergueris, F, Lepape, A, Leroy, J, Lescure, X, Levy, M, Levy-Hara, G, Lin, L, Lipman, J, Livartowski, J, Looke, D, Cardozo, F, Medrano, F, Lotthe, A, Lucet, J, Lupande, D, Madec, J, Mainardi, J, Maiylagan, S, Mancebo, J, Mansour-Adeoti, F, Maravi, E, Marchou, B, Marciniuk, D, Marshall, J, Martin, C, Martin, D, Martinez-Martinez, L, Martinot, A, Maseda, E, Matamis, D, Matheron, S, Matos, R, Matthews, M, May, T, Mayet, T, Mcgowan, J, Mehtar, S, Teles, J, Mendelson, M, Michelet, C, Mifsud, A, Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, M, Minion, J, Miquel, C, Mira, J, Miro, J, Misset, B, Monot, J, Montravers, P, Mootien, J, Moreno, R, Morris, A, Moulin, G, Mourlan, C, Mouthon, G, Mowafy, W, Muhl, E, Muruganathan, A, Mushira, E, N'Doye, B, Nana, A, Niederman, M, Nitenberg, G, Nordman, P, Novira, A, Nowak, C, Okeke, I, Olaechea, P, Omar, A, Opal, S, Leyba, C, Oudega, B, Oziol, E, Page, B, Paiva, J, Palmer, L, Palomar-Martinez, M, Parneix, P, de la Garanderie, D, Perencevich, E, Perl, T, Perronne, C, Peters, G, Peters, M, Peyramond, D, Philippart, F, Pittet, D, Pittet, J, Plesiat, P, Pletz, M, Ploy, M, Pospisil, F, Pouedras, P, Poulakou, G, Poursinoff, A, Pronovost, P, Pulcini, C, Puoti, M, Puvanendiram, S, Quintel, M, Rabaud, C, Rambaud, C, Ramos, H, Rassla, O, Raymond, J, Regnier, B, Reinhart, K, Condomines, J, Revil, J, Riche, A, Richman, P, Richmann, R, Rodriguez, V, Rodriguez-Bano, J, Romain, O, Romand, K, Rossines, E, Rothan-Tondeur, M, Rousselot, J, Rubinstein, E, Rudnov, V, Saini, N, Salmon, D, Salomao, R, Garcia, M, Santos-Bouza, A, Saux, M, Savey, A, Saxinger, L, Schlemmer, B, Schmit, J, Schneider, D, Schoemaker, J, Singh, S, Sole-Violan, J, Soto, S, Stahl, J, Stoclin, A, Tabah, A, Tabut, J, Tambyah, P, Tamion, F, Tarr, P, Tattevin, P, Tenover, F, Terzi, N, Lecompte, M, Theodore, J, Thevenin, D, Thevenot, P, Thiriet, L, Thompson, C, Thurn, J, Tillotson, G, Tiouiri, H, Torres, A, Tremolieres, F, Troadec, M, Umar, R, Upham, G, Urban, C, Vaarten, J, Valla, D, Van Der Mee-Marquet, N, Van der Meer, J, Van Der Poll, T, Vancel, J, Vanhems, P, Varin, R, Varon, E, Vaughan, D, Veilly, M, Vijayakumar, K, Villanueva, A, Vincent, J, Vitrat, V, Voss, A, Wachter, R, Walsh, T, Wark, P, Waterer, G, Wegener, H, Weinbreck, P, Weinstein, R, Weissman, S, Wiener-Kronish, J, Wilmer, A, Wyplosz, B, Yacoub-Agha, I, Young, M, Yusuf, I, Zein, E, Zhanel, G, Zinner, S, Zoungrana, J, Zubareva, N, Carlet J., Aaron L., Abassi M. S., Abbo L., Aboderin O., Abraham E., Abroug F., Acar J., Achour W., Adachi J., Al-Abri S., Al-Mousa H., Albaya-Moreno A., Alberti C., Alfandari S., Alnimr A., Aranda C. A., de Lerma F. A., Amer F., Andremont A., Angoulvant F., Anguill M., Antonelli M., Antoniadou E., Arlet G., Armaganidis A., Arnera A., Artigas A., Attali C., Auber F., Aubert J. -P., Augereau B., Aupee M., Bahri O., Ballereau F., Bapt G., Baquero F., Barkhan T., Barouti O., Barthelemy M. -A., Barton G., Bastoni D., Baussier M., Bavestrello L., Beger B., Benenson S., Bensalem F., Beraud G., Bergheau F., Bernard G., Berthelot P., Bertrand X., Beuhorry-Sassus F., Beuret P., Billington J., Birge J., Biscardi S., Blanch L., Blanchard H., Bleck T., Blondeau J., Blot F., Borgey F., Bousquet-Melou A., Brami J., Brard C., Bretagne S., Bretonniere C., Brink A., Brown S., Bruant-Rodier C., Brun-Buisson C., Bruneel F., de Carvalho F. B., Buhot C., Bukharie H., Cabie A., Calandra T., Caniaux I., Canica M., Canton R., Carenco P., Carlet C., Carlet F., Carlet R., Cars O., Cassiano-Neves M., Castan B., Castellan V., Cazenave-Roblot F., Ceretti A. -M., Chakarian J. -C., Chalumeau-Lemoine L., Chandy J., Chanfreau B., Chastre J., Chausset R., Chavanet P., Cheadle W., Chiche J. -D., Chidiac C., Chosidow O., Chueca N., Cohen J., Cohen R., Collignon P., Collot F., Coloby P., Conly J., Cordero C., Cordonnier C., Corso A., Cosgrove S., Courcol R., Crane S., Craven D., Crespin A., Cyrillo M., Danin P. -E., Waele J. D., Dellamonica P., Patchen Dellinger E., Dellinger P., Delmont J., Denes E., Dimopoulos G., Drekonja D., Mansilla A. D., Druais P. -L., Dufour-Pierrat S., Dumartin C., Dunser M., Dupont M., Durlach R., Dyar O., Echaniz G., Edelstein P., Eggimann P., Elghonemi M., Elmdaghri N., Elsaid R., Elsokari R., Engelhard D., Fabry J., Farmer C., Fernandez J., Finfer S., Finn P., Fjeldsted K., Floret D., Flozaro F., Foegle J., Forceville X., Fournier S., Frachon I., Friedrich A., Funuel P., Gaillard D., Gaillat J., Galperine T., Gambarotto K., Garo B., Garrouste-Orgeas M., Gastemeier P., Gauchot J. -Y., Gauzit R., Gavazzi G., Gazagne L., Gerberding J., Ghafur A., Giamarellos-Bourboulis E., Giamarellou E., Giard M., Gilchrist M., Gilquin J., Gilsanz F., Gniadkowski M., Gogos C., Goldman D., Gordon F., Gottlieb T., Gould I., Gouveia J., Grant J., Grason L., Greder A., Grundman H., Guaguere E., Gueroult-Locher G., Guery B., Guidet B., Guignabert C., Gupta P., Gupta S., Gurjar M., Guzman M., Hajjar J., Hammad N., Hammerum A., Hanberger H., Hanke R., Harbarth S., Harel A., Heisbourg E., Hermes I., Hermet J. -P., Hirschel B., Hoen B., Hollis A., Honghong X., Hooper D., Horcajada J. P., Housset B., Hryniewicz W., Hsu L. Y., Huang S., Hughes J., Hunault J. -L., Jakobsen L., Jalil N., Jansens H., Jarlier V., Jarvis W., Jean D., Jereb M., Johnson J., Joly-Guillou M. -L., Jonquet O., Kac G., Kaddu-Mulindwa D., Kaku M., Kilani B., Kim E. -C., Gazard D. K., Klugman K., Klutts S., Kluytmans J., Kollef M., Koulenti D., Kresken M., Lacoin F., Lajonchere J. -P., Landgraf N., Larroussinie G., Laterre P. -F., Lavenaire A. -M., Lavigne T., Laxminarayan R., Le T. A. T., Leblanc-Jouffre F., Lee N. Y., Lehiani O., Lelouet H., Lemanach-Kergueris F., Lepape A., Leroy J., Lescure X., Levy M., Levy-Hara G., Lin L. M., Lipman J., Livartowski J., Looke D., Cardozo F. L. L., Medrano F. L., Lotthe A., Lucet J. C., Lupande D., Madec J. -Y., Mainardi J. -L., Maiylagan S., Mancebo J., Mansour-Adeoti F., Maravi E., Marchou B., Marciniuk D., Marshall J., Martin C., Martin D., Martinez-Martinez L., Martinot A., Maseda E., Matamis D., Matheron S., Matos R., Matthews M., May T., Mayet T., McGowan J., Mehtar S., Teles J. M. M., Mendelson M., Michelet C., Mifsud A., Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz M., Minion J., Miquel C., Mira J. -P., Miro J., Misset B., Monot J. -J., Montravers P., Mootien J., Moreno R., Morris A., Moulin G., Mourlan C., Mouthon G., Mowafy W., Muhl E., Muruganathan A., Mushira E., N'Doye B., Nana A., Niederman M., Nitenberg G., Nordman P., Novira A., Nowak C., Okeke I., Olaechea P. M., Omar A., Opal S., Leyba C. O., Oudega B., Oziol E., Page B., Paiva J. A., Palmer L., Palomar-Martinez M., Parneix P., de la Garanderie D. P., Perencevich E., Perl T., Perronne C., Peters G., Peters M., Peyramond D., Philippart F., Pittet D., Pittet J. -F., Plesiat P., Pletz M., Ploy M. -C., Pospisil F., Pouedras P., Poulakou G., Poursinoff A., Pronovost P., Pulcini C., Puoti M., Puvanendiram S., Quintel M., Rabaud C., Rambaud C., Ramos H., Rassla O., Raymond J., Regnier B., Reinhart K., Condomines J. R., Revil J. -C., Riche A., Richman P., Richmann R., Rodriguez V., Rodriguez-Bano J., Romain O., Romand K., Rossines E., Rothan-Tondeur M. I., Rousselot J. -F., Rubinstein E., Rudnov V., Saini N., Salmon D., Salomao R., Garcia M. S., Santos-Bouza A., Saux M. -C., Savey A., Saxinger L., Schlemmer B., Schmit J. -L., Schneider D., Schoemaker J., Singh S., Sole-Violan J., Soto S., Stahl J. -P., Stoclin A., Tabah A., Tabut J. -P., Tambyah P. A., Tamion F., Tarr P., Tattevin P., Tenover F., Terzi N., Lecompte M. T., Theodore J., Thevenin D., Thevenot P., Thiriet L., Thompson C., Thurn J., Tillotson G., Tiouiri H., Torres A., Tremolieres F., Troadec M., Umar R., Upham G., Urban C., Vaarten J., Valla D., Van Der Mee-Marquet N., Van der Meer J., Van Der Poll T., Vancel J., Vanhems P., Varin R., Varon E., Vaughan D., Veilly M., Vijayakumar K., Villanueva A., Vincent J. -L., Vitrat V., Voss A., Wachter R., Walsh T., Wark P., Waterer G., Wegener H. C., Weinbreck P., Weinstein R., Weissman S., Wiener-Kronish J., Wilmer A., Wyplosz B., Yacoub-Agha I., Young M., Yusuf I., Zein E., Zhanel G., Zinner S., Zoungrana J., Zubareva N., Carlet, J, Aaron, L, Abassi, M, Abbo, L, Aboderin, O, Abraham, E, Abroug, F, Acar, J, Achour, W, Adachi, J, Al-Abri, S, Al-Mousa, H, Albaya-Moreno, A, Alberti, C, Alfandari, S, Alnimr, A, Aranda, C, de Lerma, F, Amer, F, Andremont, A, Angoulvant, F, Anguill, M, Antonelli, M, Antoniadou, E, Arlet, G, Armaganidis, A, Arnera, A, Artigas, A, Attali, C, Auber, F, Aubert, J, Augereau, B, Aupee, M, Bahri, O, Ballereau, F, Bapt, G, Baquero, F, Barkhan, T, Barouti, O, Barthelemy, M, Barton, G, Bastoni, D, Baussier, M, Bavestrello, L, Beger, B, Benenson, S, Bensalem, F, Beraud, G, Bergheau, F, Bernard, G, Berthelot, P, Bertrand, X, Beuhorry-Sassus, F, Beuret, P, Billington, J, Birge, J, Biscardi, S, Blanch, L, Blanchard, H, Bleck, T, Blondeau, J, Blot, F, Borgey, F, Bousquet-Melou, A, Brami, J, Brard, C, Bretagne, S, Bretonniere, C, Brink, A, Brown, S, Bruant-Rodier, C, Brun-Buisson, C, Bruneel, F, de Carvalho, F, Buhot, C, Bukharie, H, Cabie, A, Calandra, T, Caniaux, I, Canica, M, Canton, R, Carenco, P, Carlet, C, Carlet, F, Carlet, R, Cars, O, Cassiano-Neves, M, Castan, B, Castellan, V, Cazenave-Roblot, F, Ceretti, A, Chakarian, J, Chalumeau-Lemoine, L, Chandy, J, Chanfreau, B, Chastre, J, Chausset, R, Chavanet, P, Cheadle, W, Chiche, J, Chidiac, C, Chosidow, O, Chueca, N, Cohen, J, Cohen, R, Collignon, P, Collot, F, Coloby, P, Conly, J, Cordero, C, Cordonnier, C, Corso, A, Cosgrove, S, Courcol, R, Crane, S, Craven, D, Crespin, A, Cyrillo, M, Danin, P, Waele, J, Dellamonica, P, Patchen Dellinger, E, Dellinger, P, Delmont, J, Denes, E, Dimopoulos, G, Drekonja, D, Mansilla, A, Druais, P, Dufour-Pierrat, S, Dumartin, C, Dunser, M, Dupont, M, Durlach, R, Dyar, O, Echaniz, G, Edelstein, P, Eggimann, P, Elghonemi, M, Elmdaghri, N, Elsaid, R, Elsokari, R, Engelhard, D, Fabry, J, Farmer, C, Fernandez, J, Finfer, S, Finn, P, Fjeldsted, K, Floret, D, Flozaro, F, Foegle, J, Forceville, X, Fournier, S, Frachon, I, Friedrich, A, Funuel, P, Gaillard, D, Gaillat, J, Galperine, T, Gambarotto, K, Garo, B, Garrouste-Orgeas, M, Gastemeier, P, Gauchot, J, Gauzit, R, Gavazzi, G, Gazagne, L, Gerberding, J, Ghafur, A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E, Giamarellou, E, Giard, M, Gilchrist, M, Gilquin, J, Gilsanz, F, Gniadkowski, M, Gogos, C, Goldman, D, Gordon, F, Gottlieb, T, Gould, I, Gouveia, J, Grant, J, Grason, L, Greder, A, Grundman, H, Guaguere, E, Gueroult-Locher, G, Guery, B, Guidet, B, Guignabert, C, Gupta, P, Gupta, S, Gurjar, M, Guzman, M, Hajjar, J, Hammad, N, Hammerum, A, Hanberger, H, Hanke, R, Harbarth, S, Harel, A, Heisbourg, E, Hermes, I, Hermet, J, Hirschel, B, Hoen, B, Hollis, A, Honghong, X, Hooper, D, Horcajada, J, Housset, B, Hryniewicz, W, Hsu, L, Huang, S, Hughes, J, Hunault, J, Jakobsen, L, Jalil, N, Jansens, H, Jarlier, V, Jarvis, W, Jean, D, Jereb, M, Johnson, J, Joly-Guillou, M, Jonquet, O, Kac, G, Kaddu-Mulindwa, D, Kaku, M, Kilani, B, Kim, E, Gazard, D, Klugman, K, Klutts, S, Kluytmans, J, Kollef, M, Koulenti, D, Kresken, M, Lacoin, F, Lajonchere, J, Landgraf, N, Larroussinie, G, Laterre, P, Lavenaire, A, Lavigne, T, Laxminarayan, R, Le, T, Leblanc-Jouffre, F, Lee, N, Lehiani, O, Lelouet, H, Lemanach-Kergueris, F, Lepape, A, Leroy, J, Lescure, X, Levy, M, Levy-Hara, G, Lin, L, Lipman, J, Livartowski, J, Looke, D, Cardozo, F, Medrano, F, Lotthe, A, Lucet, J, Lupande, D, Madec, J, Mainardi, J, Maiylagan, S, Mancebo, J, Mansour-Adeoti, F, Maravi, E, Marchou, B, Marciniuk, D, Marshall, J, Martin, C, Martin, D, Martinez-Martinez, L, Martinot, A, Maseda, E, Matamis, D, Matheron, S, Matos, R, Matthews, M, May, T, Mayet, T, Mcgowan, J, Mehtar, S, Teles, J, Mendelson, M, Michelet, C, Mifsud, A, Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, M, Minion, J, Miquel, C, Mira, J, Miro, J, Misset, B, Monot, J, Montravers, P, Mootien, J, Moreno, R, Morris, A, Moulin, G, Mourlan, C, Mouthon, G, Mowafy, W, Muhl, E, Muruganathan, A, Mushira, E, N'Doye, B, Nana, A, Niederman, M, Nitenberg, G, Nordman, P, Novira, A, Nowak, C, Okeke, I, Olaechea, P, Omar, A, Opal, S, Leyba, C, Oudega, B, Oziol, E, Page, B, Paiva, J, Palmer, L, Palomar-Martinez, M, Parneix, P, de la Garanderie, D, Perencevich, E, Perl, T, Perronne, C, Peters, G, Peters, M, Peyramond, D, Philippart, F, Pittet, D, Pittet, J, Plesiat, P, Pletz, M, Ploy, M, Pospisil, F, Pouedras, P, Poulakou, G, Poursinoff, A, Pronovost, P, Pulcini, C, Puoti, M, Puvanendiram, S, Quintel, M, Rabaud, C, Rambaud, C, Ramos, H, Rassla, O, Raymond, J, Regnier, B, Reinhart, K, Condomines, J, Revil, J, Riche, A, Richman, P, Richmann, R, Rodriguez, V, Rodriguez-Bano, J, Romain, O, Romand, K, Rossines, E, Rothan-Tondeur, M, Rousselot, J, Rubinstein, E, Rudnov, V, Saini, N, Salmon, D, Salomao, R, Garcia, M, Santos-Bouza, A, Saux, M, Savey, A, Saxinger, L, Schlemmer, B, Schmit, J, Schneider, D, Schoemaker, J, Singh, S, Sole-Violan, J, Soto, S, Stahl, J, Stoclin, A, Tabah, A, Tabut, J, Tambyah, P, Tamion, F, Tarr, P, Tattevin, P, Tenover, F, Terzi, N, Lecompte, M, Theodore, J, Thevenin, D, Thevenot, P, Thiriet, L, Thompson, C, Thurn, J, Tillotson, G, Tiouiri, H, Torres, A, Tremolieres, F, Troadec, M, Umar, R, Upham, G, Urban, C, Vaarten, J, Valla, D, Van Der Mee-Marquet, N, Van der Meer, J, Van Der Poll, T, Vancel, J, Vanhems, P, Varin, R, Varon, E, Vaughan, D, Veilly, M, Vijayakumar, K, Villanueva, A, Vincent, J, Vitrat, V, Voss, A, Wachter, R, Walsh, T, Wark, P, Waterer, G, Wegener, H, Weinbreck, P, Weinstein, R, Weissman, S, Wiener-Kronish, J, Wilmer, A, Wyplosz, B, Yacoub-Agha, I, Young, M, Yusuf, I, Zein, E, Zhanel, G, Zinner, S, Zoungrana, J, Zubareva, N, Carlet J., Aaron L., Abassi M. S., Abbo L., Aboderin O., Abraham E., Abroug F., Acar J., Achour W., Adachi J., Al-Abri S., Al-Mousa H., Albaya-Moreno A., Alberti C., Alfandari S., Alnimr A., Aranda C. A., de Lerma F. A., Amer F., Andremont A., Angoulvant F., Anguill M., Antonelli M., Antoniadou E., Arlet G., Armaganidis A., Arnera A., Artigas A., Attali C., Auber F., Aubert J. -P., Augereau B., Aupee M., Bahri O., Ballereau F., Bapt G., Baquero F., Barkhan T., Barouti O., Barthelemy M. -A., Barton G., Bastoni D., Baussier M., Bavestrello L., Beger B., Benenson S., Bensalem F., Beraud G., Bergheau F., Bernard G., Berthelot P., Bertrand X., Beuhorry-Sassus F., Beuret P., Billington J., Birge J., Biscardi S., Blanch L., Blanchard H., Bleck T., Blondeau J., Blot F., Borgey F., Bousquet-Melou A., Brami J., Brard C., Bretagne S., Bretonniere C., Brink A., Brown S., Bruant-Rodier C., Brun-Buisson C., Bruneel F., de Carvalho F. B., Buhot C., Bukharie H., Cabie A., Calandra T., Caniaux I., Canica M., Canton R., Carenco P., Carlet C., Carlet F., Carlet R., Cars O., Cassiano-Neves M., Castan B., Castellan V., Cazenave-Roblot F., Ceretti A. -M., Chakarian J. -C., Chalumeau-Lemoine L., Chandy J., Chanfreau B., Chastre J., Chausset R., Chavanet P., Cheadle W., Chiche J. -D., Chidiac C., Chosidow O., Chueca N., Cohen J., Cohen R., Collignon P., Collot F., Coloby P., Conly J., Cordero C., Cordonnier C., Corso A., Cosgrove S., Courcol R., Crane S., Craven D., Crespin A., Cyrillo M., Danin P. -E., Waele J. D., Dellamonica P., Patchen Dellinger E., Dellinger P., Delmont J., Denes E., Dimopoulos G., Drekonja D., Mansilla A. D., Druais P. -L., Dufour-Pierrat S., Dumartin C., Dunser M., Dupont M., Durlach R., Dyar O., Echaniz G., Edelstein P., Eggimann P., Elghonemi M., Elmdaghri N., Elsaid R., Elsokari R., Engelhard D., Fabry J., Farmer C., Fernandez J., Finfer S., Finn P., Fjeldsted K., Floret D., Flozaro F., Foegle J., Forceville X., Fournier S., Frachon I., Friedrich A., Funuel P., Gaillard D., Gaillat J., Galperine T., Gambarotto K., Garo B., Garrouste-Orgeas M., Gastemeier P., Gauchot J. -Y., Gauzit R., Gavazzi G., Gazagne L., Gerberding J., Ghafur A., Giamarellos-Bourboulis E., Giamarellou E., Giard M., Gilchrist M., Gilquin J., Gilsanz F., Gniadkowski M., Gogos C., Goldman D., Gordon F., Gottlieb T., Gould I., Gouveia J., Grant J., Grason L., Greder A., Grundman H., Guaguere E., Gueroult-Locher G., Guery B., Guidet B., Guignabert C., Gupta P., Gupta S., Gurjar M., Guzman M., Hajjar J., Hammad N., Hammerum A., Hanberger H., Hanke R., Harbarth S., Harel A., Heisbourg E., Hermes I., Hermet J. -P., Hirschel B., Hoen B., Hollis A., Honghong X., Hooper D., Horcajada J. P., Housset B., Hryniewicz W., Hsu L. Y., Huang S., Hughes J., Hunault J. -L., Jakobsen L., Jalil N., Jansens H., Jarlier V., Jarvis W., Jean D., Jereb M., Johnson J., Joly-Guillou M. -L., Jonquet O., Kac G., Kaddu-Mulindwa D., Kaku M., Kilani B., Kim E. -C., Gazard D. K., Klugman K., Klutts S., Kluytmans J., Kollef M., Koulenti D., Kresken M., Lacoin F., Lajonchere J. -P., Landgraf N., Larroussinie G., Laterre P. -F., Lavenaire A. -M., Lavigne T., Laxminarayan R., Le T. A. T., Leblanc-Jouffre F., Lee N. Y., Lehiani O., Lelouet H., Lemanach-Kergueris F., Lepape A., Leroy J., Lescure X., Levy M., Levy-Hara G., Lin L. M., Lipman J., Livartowski J., Looke D., Cardozo F. L. L., Medrano F. L., Lotthe A., Lucet J. C., Lupande D., Madec J. -Y., Mainardi J. -L., Maiylagan S., Mancebo J., Mansour-Adeoti F., Maravi E., Marchou B., Marciniuk D., Marshall J., Martin C., Martin D., Martinez-Martinez L., Martinot A., Maseda E., Matamis D., Matheron S., Matos R., Matthews M., May T., Mayet T., McGowan J., Mehtar S., Teles J. M. M., Mendelson M., Michelet C., Mifsud A., Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz M., Minion J., Miquel C., Mira J. -P., Miro J., Misset B., Monot J. -J., Montravers P., Mootien J., Moreno R., Morris A., Moulin G., Mourlan C., Mouthon G., Mowafy W., Muhl E., Muruganathan A., Mushira E., N'Doye B., Nana A., Niederman M., Nitenberg G., Nordman P., Novira A., Nowak C., Okeke I., Olaechea P. M., Omar A., Opal S., Leyba C. O., Oudega B., Oziol E., Page B., Paiva J. A., Palmer L., Palomar-Martinez M., Parneix P., de la Garanderie D. P., Perencevich E., Perl T., Perronne C., Peters G., Peters M., Peyramond D., Philippart F., Pittet D., Pittet J. -F., Plesiat P., Pletz M., Ploy M. -C., Pospisil F., Pouedras P., Poulakou G., Poursinoff A., Pronovost P., Pulcini C., Puoti M., Puvanendiram S., Quintel M., Rabaud C., Rambaud C., Ramos H., Rassla O., Raymond J., Regnier B., Reinhart K., Condomines J. R., Revil J. -C., Riche A., Richman P., Richmann R., Rodriguez V., Rodriguez-Bano J., Romain O., Romand K., Rossines E., Rothan-Tondeur M. I., Rousselot J. -F., Rubinstein E., Rudnov V., Saini N., Salmon D., Salomao R., Garcia M. S., Santos-Bouza A., Saux M. -C., Savey A., Saxinger L., Schlemmer B., Schmit J. -L., Schneider D., Schoemaker J., Singh S., Sole-Violan J., Soto S., Stahl J. -P., Stoclin A., Tabah A., Tabut J. -P., Tambyah P. A., Tamion F., Tarr P., Tattevin P., Tenover F., Terzi N., Lecompte M. T., Theodore J., Thevenin D., Thevenot P., Thiriet L., Thompson C., Thurn J., Tillotson G., Tiouiri H., Torres A., Tremolieres F., Troadec M., Umar R., Upham G., Urban C., Vaarten J., Valla D., Van Der Mee-Marquet N., Van der Meer J., Van Der Poll T., Vancel J., Vanhems P., Varin R., Varon E., Vaughan D., Veilly M., Vijayakumar K., Villanueva A., Vincent J. -L., Vitrat V., Voss A., Wachter R., Walsh T., Wark P., Waterer G., Wegener H. C., Weinbreck P., Weinstein R., Weissman S., Wiener-Kronish J., Wilmer A., Wyplosz B., Yacoub-Agha I., Young M., Yusuf I., Zein E., Zhanel G., Zinner S., Zoungrana J., and Zubareva N.
Abstract: We must change how antibiotics are used and adopt proactive strategies, similar to those used to save endangered species. Preservation of the efficacy of antibiotics and to stabilization of antibiotic-susceptible bacterial ecosystems should be global goals. (C) 2014 Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. and SEMICYUC. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015

14. Mycobacterial infections due to contaminated heater cooler units used in cardiac bypass: An approach for infection control practitioners.

Author: Johnson P.D., Stuart R.L., Cheng A.C., Stewardson A.J., Mitchell B.G., Collignon P., Johnson P.D., Stuart R.L., Cheng A.C., Stewardson A.J., Mitchell B.G., and Collignon P.
Abstract: Mycobacterium chimaera infection in patients who have had cardiac bypass surgery has recently been associated with contamination of water in heater cooler units. Those responsible for infection prevention and control programs face the challenge of responding to this rare but potentially life-threatening and avoidable healthcare-associated infection. Infection control professionals need to be aware of this issue and take an active role in formulating hospital responses. Policies should be rational and appropriate to the level of risk, should minimise service disruption and costs, and recognise that evidence about risk mitigation measures is still emerging. This paper provides background information to the topic and proposes a risk management based approach to heater cooler units in hospitals that perform cardiac bypass surgery, so that infection control professionals can develop a local, tailored response.Copyright © 2016 Australasian College for Infection Prevention and Control
Published: 2017

15. Outbreak of health care-associated Burkholderia cenocepacia bacteremia and infection attributed to contaminated sterile gel used for central line insertion under ultrasound guidance and other procedures

Author: Shaban, RZ, Maloney, S, Gerrard, J, Collignon, P, Macbeth, D, Cruickshank, M, Hume, A, Jennison, AV, Graham, RMA, Bergh, H, Wilson, HL, Derrington, P, Shaban, RZ, Maloney, S, Gerrard, J, Collignon, P, Macbeth, D, Cruickshank, M, Hume, A, Jennison, AV, Graham, RMA, Bergh, H, Wilson, HL, and Derrington, P
Abstract: © 2017 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Background We report an outbreak of Burkholderia cenocepacia bacteremia and infection in 11 patients predominately in intensive care units caused by contaminated ultrasound gel used in central line insertion and sterile procedures within 4 hospitals across Australia. Methods Burkholderia cenocepacia was first identified in the blood culture of a patient from the intensive care unit at the Gold Coast University Hospital on March 26, 2017, with 3 subsequent cases identified by April 7, 2017. The outbreak response team commenced investigative measures. Results The outbreak investigation identified the point source as contaminated gel packaged in sachets for use within the sterile ultrasound probe cover. In total, 11 patient isolates of B cenocepacia with the same multilocus sequence type were identified within 4 hospitals across Australia. This typing was the same as identified in the contaminated gel isolate with single nucleotide polymorphism-based typing, demonstrating that all linked isolates clustered together. Conclusion Arresting the national point-source outbreak within multiple jurisdictions was critically reliant on a rapid, integrated, and coordinated response and the use of informal professional networks to first identify it. All institutions where the product is used should look back at Burkholderia sp blood culture isolates for speciation to ensure this outbreak is no larger than currently recognized given likely global distribution.
Published: 2017

16. Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance Australian Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis Outcome Programme annual report, 2014

Author: Coombs, G.W., Daley, D.A., Thin Lee, Y., Pearson, J.C., Robinson, J.O., Nimmo, G.R., Collignon, P., Howden, B.P., Bell, J.M., Turnidge, J.D., Coombs, G.W., Daley, D.A., Thin Lee, Y., Pearson, J.C., Robinson, J.O., Nimmo, G.R., Collignon, P., Howden, B.P., Bell, J.M., and Turnidge, J.D.
Abstract: From 1 January to 31 December 2014, 27 institutions around Australia participated in the Australian Staphylococcal Sepsis Outcome Programme (ASSOP). The aim of ASSOP 2014 was to determine the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) isolates in Australia that are antimicrobial resistant, with particular emphasis on susceptibility to methicillin and to characterise the molecular epidemiology of the isolates. Overall, 18.8% of the 2,206 SAB episodes were methicillin resistant, which was significantly higher than that reported in most European countries. The 30-day all-cause mortality associated with methicillin-resistant SAB was 23.4%, which was significantly higher than the 14.4% mortality associated with methicillin-sensitive SAB (P <0.0001). With the exception of the beta-lactams and erythromycin, antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-sensitive S. aureus remains rare. However in addition to the beta-lactams, approximately 50‰ of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were resistant to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin and approximately 15% were resistant to co-trimoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin. When applying the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoints, teicoplanin resistance was detected in 2 S. aureus isolates. Resistance was not detected for vancomycin or linezolid. Resistance to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials was largely attributable to 2 healthcare-associated MRSA clones; ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) and ST239-III [3A] (Aus-2/3 EMRSA). ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) has become the predominant healthcare associated clone in Australia. Sixty per cent of methicillin-resistant SAB were due to community-associated (CA) clones. Although polyclonal, almost 44% of community-associated clones were characterised as ST93-IV [2B] (Queensland CA-MRSA) and ST1-IV [2B] (WA1). CA-MRSA, in particular the ST45-V [5C2&5] (WA84) clone, has acquired multiple antimicrobial resistance determinants including ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamyci
Published: 2016

17. Phylogenetic diversity, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence characteristics of phylogroup F Escherichia coli in Australia

Author: Vangchhia, B., Abraham, S., Bell, J.M., Collignon, P., Gibson, J.S., Ingram, P.R., Johnson, J.R., Kennedy, K., Trott, D.J., Turnidge, J.D., Gordon, D.M., Vangchhia, B., Abraham, S., Bell, J.M., Collignon, P., Gibson, J.S., Ingram, P.R., Johnson, J.R., Kennedy, K., Trott, D.J., Turnidge, J.D., and Gordon, D.M.
Abstract: Unlike Escherichia coli strains belonging to phylogroup B2, the clinical significance of strains belonging to phylogroup F is not well understood. Here we report on a collection of phylogroup F strains recovered in Australia from faeces and extra-intestinal sites from humans, companion animals and native animals, as well as from poultry meat and water samples. The distribution of sequence types was clearly non-random with respect to isolate source. The antimicrobial resistance and virulence trait profiles also varied with the sequence type of the isolate. Phylogroup F strains tended to lack the virulence traits typically associated with phylogroup B2 strains responsible for extra-intestinal infection in humans. Resistance to fluoroquinolones and/or expanded-spectrum cephalosporins was common within ST648, ST354 and ST3711. Although ST354 and ST3711 are part of the same clonal complex, the ST3711 isolates were only recovered from native birds being cared for in a single wildlife rehabilitation centre, whereas the ST354 isolates were from faeces and extra-intestinal sites of dogs and humans, as well as from poultry meat. Although ST354 isolates from chicken meat in Western Australia were distinct from all other ST354 isolates, those from poultry meat samples collected in eastern Australia shared many similarities with other ST354 isolates from humans and companion animals
Published: 2016

18. Preparedness of institutions around the world for managing patients with Ebola virus disease: an infection control readiness checklist

Author: Tartari, E., Allegranzi, B., Ang, B., Calleja, N., Collignon, P., Hopman, J., Lang, L., Lee, L.C., Ling, M.L., Mehtar, S., Tambyah, P.A., Widmer, A., Voss, A., Tartari, E., Allegranzi, B., Ang, B., Calleja, N., Collignon, P., Hopman, J., Lang, L., Lee, L.C., Ling, M.L., Mehtar, S., Tambyah, P.A., Widmer, A., and Voss, A.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 153708.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: In response to global concerns about the largest Ebola virus disease (EVD), outbreak to-date in West Africa documented healthcare associated transmission and the risk of global spread, the International Society of Chemotherapy (ISC) Infection Control Working Group created an Ebola Infection Control Readiness Checklist to assess the preparedness of institutions around the globe. We report data from the electronic checklist that was disseminated to medical professionals from October to December 2014 and identify action needed towards better preparedness levels. FINDINGS: Data from 192 medical professionals (one third from Africa) representing 125 hospitals in 45 countries around the globe were obtained through a specifically developed electronic survey. The survey contained 76 specific questions in 7 major sections: Administrative/operational support; Communications; Education and audit; Human resources, Supplies, Infection Prevention and Control practices and Clinical management of patients. The majority of respondents were infectious disease specialists/infection control consultants/clinical microbiologists (75; 39 %), followed by infection control professionals (59; 31 %) and medical doctors of other specialties (17; 9 %). Nearly all (149; 92 %) were directly involved in Ebola preparedness activities. Whilst, 54 % indicated that their hospital would need to handle suspected and proven Ebola cases, the others would subsequently transfer suspected cases to a specialized centre. CONCLUSION: The results from our survey reveal that the general preparedness levels for management of potentially suspected cases of Ebola virus disease is only partially adequate in hospitals. Hospitals designated for admitting EVD suspected and proven patients had more frequently implemented Infection Control preparedness activities than hospitals that would subsequently transfer potential EVD cases to other centres. Results from this first international survey provide a framewor
Published: 2015

19. China, what antibiotics and what volumes are used in food production animals?

Author: Collignon, P., Voss, A., Collignon, P., and Voss, A.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 154760.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2015

20. Case fatality ratio and mortality rate trends of community-onset Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia

Author: Tom, S., Galbraith, J. C., Valiquette, L., Jacobsson, G., Collignon, P., Schønheyder, H. C., Søgaard, M., Kennedy, K. J., Knudsen, J. D., Østergaard, C., Lyytikäinen, O., Laupland, K. B., Church, D. L., Gregson, D. B., Galbraith, J., Kibsey, P., Jensen, U. S., Arpi, M., Gradel, K. O., Brunkhorst, F., Scherag, A., Chambers, S., Dryden, M., Tom, S., Galbraith, J. C., Valiquette, L., Jacobsson, G., Collignon, P., Schønheyder, H. C., Søgaard, M., Kennedy, K. J., Knudsen, J. D., Østergaard, C., Lyytikäinen, O., Laupland, K. B., Church, D. L., Gregson, D. B., Galbraith, J., Kibsey, P., Jensen, U. S., Arpi, M., Gradel, K. O., Brunkhorst, F., Scherag, A., Chambers, S., and Dryden, M.
Abstract: Lethal outcomes can be expressed as a case fatality ratio (CFR) or as a mortality rate per 100 000 population per year (MR). Population surveillance for community-onset methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia was conducted in Canada, Australia, Sweden and Denmark to evaluate 30-day CFR and MR trends between 2000 and 2008. The CFR was 20.3% (MSSA 20.2%, MRSA 22.3%) and MR was 3.4 (MSSA 3.1, MRSA 0.3) per 100 000 per year. Although MSSA CFR was stable the MSSA MR increased; MRSA CFR decreased while its MR remained low during the study. Community-onset S. aureus bacteraemia, particularly MSSA, is associated with major disease burden. This study highlights complementary information provided by evaluating both CFR and MR.
Published: 2014

21. Australian Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis Outcome Programme annual report, 2013

Author: Coombs, Geoffrey, Nimmo, G., Daley, D., Le, T., Pearson, J., Tan, H., Robinson, J., Collignon, P., McLaws, M., Turnidge, J., Coombs, Geoffrey, Nimmo, G., Daley, D., Le, T., Pearson, J., Tan, H., Robinson, J., Collignon, P., McLaws, M., and Turnidge, J.
Abstract: From 1 January to 31 December 2013, around Australia 26 institutions around Australia participated in the Australian Staphylococcal Sepsis Outcome Programme (ASSOP). The aim of ASSOP 2013 was to determine the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) isolates in Australia that are antimicrobial resistant, (with particular emphasis on susceptibility to methicillin) and to characterise the molecular epidemiology of the isolates. Overall 19.1% of the 2,010 SAB episodes were methicillin resistant, which is significantly higher than that reported in most European countries. Although the SAB 30-day all cause mortality appears to be decreasing in Australia, methicillin-resistant SAB associated mortality remains high (20.1%) and was significantly higher than methicillin-sensitive SAB associated mortality (13%) (P< 0.0001). With the exception of the ß-lactams and erythromycin, antimicrobial resistance in methicillin sensitive S. aureus remains rare. However, in addition to the ß-lactams, approximately 50% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were resistant to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin and approximately 20% were resistant to co-trimoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin. Linezolid, daptomycin and teicoplanin resistance was detected in a small number of S. aureus isolates. Resistance to vancomycin was not detected. Resistance was largely attributable to 2 healthcare associated MRSA clones; ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) and ST239-III [3A] (Aus-2/3 EMRSA). ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) has now become the predominant healthcare associated clone in Australia. Approximately 60% of methicillin-resistant SAB were due to community associated clones. Although polyclonal, almost 50% of community associated clones were characterised as ST93-IV [2B] (Queensland CA-MRSA) and ST1-IV [2B] (WA1). CA-MRSA, in particular the ST45-V [5C2&5] (WA84) clone, has acquired multiple antimicrobial resistance determinants including ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin and tetra
Published: 2014

22. Community-onset Staphylococcus aureus Surveillance Programme annual report, 2012.

Author: Coombs, Geoffrey, Daly, D., Pearson, J., Nimmo, G., Collignon, P., McLaws, M., Robinson, J., Turnidge, J., Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance, Coombs, Geoffrey, Daly, D., Pearson, J., Nimmo, G., Collignon, P., McLaws, M., Robinson, J., Turnidge, J., and Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance
Abstract: In 2012, the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) conducted a community-onset period-prevalence survey of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital outpatients and general practice patients including nursing homes, long term care facilities and hospice patients. Day surgery and dialysis patients were excluded. Twenty-nine medical microbiology laboratories from all state and mainland territories participated. Isolates were tested by Vitek2® (AST-P612 card). Results were compared with previous AGAR community surveys. Nationally, the proportion of S. aureus that were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) increased significantly from 11.5% in 2000 to 17.9% in 2012 (P<0.0001). Resistance to the non-ß-lactam antimicrobials varied between regions. No resistance was detected to vancomycin, teicoplanin or linezolid. Resistance in methicillin susceptible S. aureus was rare apart from erythromycin (12.8%) and was absent for vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid and daptomycin. The proportion of S. aureus characterised as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) was 5.1%. Three HA-MRSA clones were characterised, with 72.9% and 26.4% of HA-MRSA classified as ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) and ST239-III [3A] (Aus-2/3 EMRSA) respectively. Multi-clonal community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) accounted for 12.5% of all S. aureus. Regional variation in resistance in MRSA was primarily due to the differential distribution of the 2 major HA-MRSA clones; ST239-III [3A] (Aus-2/3 EMRSA), which is resistant to multiple non-ß-lactam antimicrobials, and ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15), which is resistant to ciprofloxacin and typically erythromycin. Although the majority of CA-MRSA were non-multi-resistant, a significant expansion of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) positive CA-MRSA clones has occurred nationally. The mean age of patients (31.7 years, 95% CI 28.9-34.5) with a PVL positive CA-MRSA infection was significantly lower (P<0.0001), than the mean age of patients with a PVL
Published: 2014

23. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and molecular epidemiology of meticillin-resistant S. aureus isolated from Australian hospital inpatients: Report from the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance 2011 Staphylococcus aureus Surveillance Programme

Author: Coombs, Geoffrey, Pearson, J., Nimmo, G., Collignon, P., Turnidge, J., Coombs, Geoffrey, Pearson, J., Nimmo, G., Collignon, P., and Turnidge, J.
Abstract: The Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) performs regular multicentre period prevalence studies to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance. In 2011, 29 laboratories in Australia participated in the national surveillance of Staphylococcus aureus resistance. The survey only included unique isolates from clinical specimens collected ≥48 h after hospital admission. MRSA accounted for 30.3% of S. aureus isolates. MRSA resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin and clindamycin (constitutive resistance) varied considerably between regions. Resistance to non-β-lactam antimicrobials was uncommon in MSSA, with the exception of erythromycin. Regional variation in resistance was due to the differential distribution of MRSA clones between regions. The proportion of S. aureus genetically characterised as healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) was significantly lower in this survey (18.2%) compared with the 2005 survey (24.2%) (P < 0.0001). Although four HA-MRSA clones were characterised, 98.8% of HA-MRSA were classified as either ST22-MRSA-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) or ST239-MRSA-III [3A] (Aus-2/3 EMRSA). Multiclonal community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) increased markedly from 6.5% in 2005 to 11.7% of all S. aureus in 2011 (P < 0.0001). Although the proportion of MRSA resistant to non-β-lactam antimicrobials has decreased nationally, the proportion of S. aureus that are MRSA has remained stable. This is primarily due to non-multiresistant CA-MRSA becoming more common in Australian hospitals at the expense of the long-established multiresistant ST239-MRSA-III [3A] (Aus-2/3 EMRSA). Given hospital outbreaks of CA-MRSA are thought to be extremely rare, it is most likely that patients colonised at admission with CA-MRSA have become infected with the colonising strain during their hospital stay.
Published: 2013

24. Systematic molecular and cytogenetic screening of 100 patients with marfanoid syndromes and intellectual disability

Author: UCL - SSS/IREC - Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, UCL - (SLuc) Centre de génétique médicale UCL, Callier, P, Aral, B, Hanna, N, Lambert, S, Dindy, H, Ragon, C, Payet, M, Collod-Beroud, G, Carmignac, V, Delrue, M A, Goizet, C, Philip, N, Busa, T, Dulac, Y, Missotte, I, Sznajer, Yves, Toutain, A, Francannet, C, Megarbane, A, Julia, S, Edouard, T, Sarda, P, Amiel, J, Lyonnet, S, Cormier-Daire, V, Gilbert, B, Jacquette, A, Heron, D, Collignon, P, Lacombe, D, Morice-Picard, F, Jouk, P S, Cusin, V, Willems, M, Sarrazin, E, Amarof, K, Coubes, C, Addor, M C, Journel, H, Colin, E, Khau Van Kien, P, Baumann, C, Leheup, B, Martin-Coignard, D, Doco-Fenzy, M, Goldenberg, A, Plessis, G, Thevenon, J, Pasquier, L, Odent, S, Vabres, P, Huet, F, Marle, N, Mosca-Boidron, A L, Mugneret, F, Gauthier, S, Binquet, C, Thauvin-Robinet, C, Jondeau, G, Boileau, C, Faivre, L, UCL - SSS/IREC - Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, UCL - (SLuc) Centre de génétique médicale UCL, Callier, P, Aral, B, Hanna, N, Lambert, S, Dindy, H, Ragon, C, Payet, M, Collod-Beroud, G, Carmignac, V, Delrue, M A, Goizet, C, Philip, N, Busa, T, Dulac, Y, Missotte, I, Sznajer, Yves, Toutain, A, Francannet, C, Megarbane, A, Julia, S, Edouard, T, Sarda, P, Amiel, J, Lyonnet, S, Cormier-Daire, V, Gilbert, B, Jacquette, A, Heron, D, Collignon, P, Lacombe, D, Morice-Picard, F, Jouk, P S, Cusin, V, Willems, M, Sarrazin, E, Amarof, K, Coubes, C, Addor, M C, Journel, H, Colin, E, Khau Van Kien, P, Baumann, C, Leheup, B, Martin-Coignard, D, Doco-Fenzy, M, Goldenberg, A, Plessis, G, Thevenon, J, Pasquier, L, Odent, S, Vabres, P, Huet, F, Marle, N, Mosca-Boidron, A L, Mugneret, F, Gauthier, S, Binquet, C, Thauvin-Robinet, C, Jondeau, G, Boileau, C, and Faivre, L
Abstract: The association of marfanoid habitus (MH) and intellectual disability (ID) has been reported in the literature, with overlapping presentations and genetic heterogeneity. A hundred patients (71 males and 29 females) with a MH and ID were recruited. Custom-designed 244K array-CGH (Agilent®; Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA) and MED12, ZDHHC9, UPF3B, FBN1, TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 sequencing analyses were performed. Eighty patients could be classified as isolated MH and ID: 12 chromosomal imbalances, 1 FBN1 mutation and 1 possibly pathogenic MED12 mutation were found (17%). Twenty patients could be classified as ID with other extra-skeletal features of the Marfan syndrome (MFS) spectrum: 4 pathogenic FBN1 mutations and 4 chromosomal imbalances were found (2 patients with both FBN1 mutation and chromosomal rearrangement) (29%). These results suggest either that there are more loci with genes yet to be discovered or that MH can also be a relatively non-specific feature of patients with ID. The search for aortic complications is mandatory even if MH is associated with ID since FBN1 mutations or rearrangements were found in some patients. The excess of males is in favour of the involvement of other X-linked genes. Although it was impossible to make a diagnosis in 80% of patients, these results will improve genetic counselling in families.
Published: 2013

25. Management Options for Reducing the Release of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes to the Environment

Author: Pruden, Amy, Larsson, D. G. J., Amezquita, A., Collignon, P., Brandt, K. K., Graham, D. W., Lazorchak, J. M., Suzuki, Shin, Silley, P., Snape, J. R., Topp, E., Zhang, T., Zhu, Y.-G., Pruden, Amy, Larsson, D. G. J., Amezquita, A., Collignon, P., Brandt, K. K., Graham, D. W., Lazorchak, J. M., Suzuki, Shin, Silley, P., Snape, J. R., Topp, E., Zhang, T., and Zhu, Y.-G.
Abstract: Background: There is growing concern worldwide about the role of polluted soil and water environments in the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Objective: Our aim in this study was to identify management options for reducing the spread of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistance determinants via environmental pathways, with the ultimate goal of extending the useful life span of antibiotics. We also examined incentives and disincentives for action. Methods: We focused on management options with respect to limiting agricultural sources; treatment of domestic, hospital, and industrial wastewater; and aquaculture. Discussion: We identified several options, such as nutrient management, runoff control, and infrastructure upgrades. Where appropriate, a cross-section of examples from various regions of the world is provided. The importance of monitoring and validating effectiveness of management strategies is also highlighted. Finally, we describe a case study in Sweden that illustrates the critical role of communication to engage stakeholders and promote action. Conclusions: Environmental releases of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria can in many cases be reduced at little or no cost. Some management options are synergistic with existing policies and goals. The anticipated benefit is an extended useful life span for current and future antibiotics. Although risk reductions are often difficult to quantify, the severity of accelerating worldwide morbidity and mortality rates associated with antibiotic resistance strongly indicate the need for action.
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. The changing epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: A multinational population-based surveillance study

Author: Laupland, K. B., Lyytikäinen, O., Søgaard, M., Kennedy, K. J., Knudsen, J. D., Ostergaard, C., Galbraith, J. C., Valiquette, L., Jacobsson, G., Collignon, P., Schønheyder, H. C., Laupland, K. B., Lyytikäinen, O., Søgaard, M., Kennedy, K. J., Knudsen, J. D., Ostergaard, C., Galbraith, J. C., Valiquette, L., Jacobsson, G., Collignon, P., and Schønheyder, H. C.
Abstract: Although the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI) has been changing, international comparisons are lacking. We sought to determine the incidence of S. aureus BSI and assess trends over time and by region. Population-based surveillance was conducted nationally in Finland and regionally in Canberra, Australia, western Sweden, and three areas in each of Canada and Denmark during 2000-2008. Incidence rates were age-standardized and gender-standardized to the EU 27-country 2007 population. During 83 million person-years of surveillance, 18430 episodes of S. aureus BSI were identified. The overall annual incidence rate for S. aureus BSI was 26.1 per 100000 population, and those for methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were 24.2 and 1.9 per 100000, respectively. Although the overall incidence of community-onset MSSA BSI (15.0 per 100000) was relatively similar across regions, the incidence rates of hospital-onset MSSA (9.2 per 100000), community-onset MRSA (1.0 per 100000) and hospital-onset MRSA (0.8 per 100000) BSI varied substantially. Whereas the overall incidence of S. aureus BSI did not increase over the study period, there was an increase in the incidence of MRSA BSI. Major changes in the occurrence of community-onset and hospital-onset MSSA and MRSA BSI occurred, but these varied significantly among regions, even within the same country. Although major changes in the epidemiology of community-onset and hospital-onset MSSA and MRSA BSIs are occurring, this multinational population-based study did not find that the overall incidence of S. aureus BSI is increasing.
Published: 2013

27. Management Options for Reducing the Release of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes to the Environment

Author: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pruden, Amy, Larsson, D. G. J., Amezquita, A., Collignon, P., Brandt, K. K., Graham, D. W., Lazorchak, J. M., Suzuki, Shin, Silley, P., Snape, J. R., Topp, E., Zhang, T., Zhu, Y.-G., Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pruden, Amy, Larsson, D. G. J., Amezquita, A., Collignon, P., Brandt, K. K., Graham, D. W., Lazorchak, J. M., Suzuki, Shin, Silley, P., Snape, J. R., Topp, E., Zhang, T., and Zhu, Y.-G.
Abstract: Background: There is growing concern worldwide about the role of polluted soil and water environments in the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Objective: Our aim in this study was to identify management options for reducing the spread of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistance determinants via environmental pathways, with the ultimate goal of extending the useful life span of antibiotics. We also examined incentives and disincentives for action. Methods: We focused on management options with respect to limiting agricultural sources; treatment of domestic, hospital, and industrial wastewater; and aquaculture. Discussion: We identified several options, such as nutrient management, runoff control, and infrastructure upgrades. Where appropriate, a cross-section of examples from various regions of the world is provided. The importance of monitoring and validating effectiveness of management strategies is also highlighted. Finally, we describe a case study in Sweden that illustrates the critical role of communication to engage stakeholders and promote action. Conclusions: Environmental releases of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria can in many cases be reduced at little or no cost. Some management options are synergistic with existing policies and goals. The anticipated benefit is an extended useful life span for current and future antibiotics. Although risk reductions are often difficult to quantify, the severity of accelerating worldwide morbidity and mortality rates associated with antibiotic resistance strongly indicate the need for action.
Published: 2013

28. Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance Hospital-onset Staphylococcus aureus Surveillance Programme annual report, 2011

Author: Coombs, Geoffrey, Nimmo, G., Pearson, J., Collignon, P., Bell, J., McLaws, M., Christiansen, K., Turnidge, J., Coombs, Geoffrey, Nimmo, G., Pearson, J., Collignon, P., Bell, J., McLaws, M., Christiansen, K., and Turnidge, J.
Abstract: In 2011, the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) conducted a period-prevalence survey of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital inpatients. Twenty-nine microbiology laboratories from all states and mainland territories participated. Specimens were collected more than 48 hours post-admission. Isolates were tested by Vitek2® antimicrobial susceptibility card (AST-P612 card). Nationally, the proportion of S. aureus that were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 30.3%; ranging from 19.9% in Western Australia to 36.8% in New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory. Resistance to the non-ß-lactam antimicrobials was common except for rifampicin, fusidic acid, high-level mupirocin and daptomycin. No resistance was detected for vancomycin, teicoplanin or linezolid. Antibiotic resistance in methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was rare apart from erythromycin (13.2%) and there was no resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin or linezolid. Inducible clindamycin resistance was the norm for erythromycin resistant, clindamycin intermediate/susceptible S. aureus in Australia with 90.6% of MRSA and 83.1% of MSSA with this phenotype having a positive double disc diffusion test (D-test). The proportion of S. aureus characterised as being healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) was 18.2%, ranging from 4.5% in Western Australia to 28.0% in New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory. Four HA-MRSA clones were characterised and 98.8% of HA-MRSA isolates were classified as either ST22-IV [2B] (EMRSA-15) or ST239-III [3A] (Aus-2/3 EMRSA). Multiclonal community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) accounted for 11.7% of all S. aureus. In Australia, regional variation in resistance is due to the differential distribution of MRSA clones between regions, particularly for the major HA-MRSA clone, ST239-III [3A] (Aus-2/3 EMRSA), which is resistant to multiple non-ß-lactam antimicrobials.
Published: 2013

29. The independent evolution of resistance to ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, and fusidic acid in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Australian teaching hospitals (1990-1995).

Author: Waters M.-J., McGechie D., Francis G., Toohey M., Pearman J., Christiansen K., Coombs G., Mulgrave L., Mitchell D., Collignon P., Halliday L., Gottlieb T., Funnell G., Munro R., Daley D., Fernandes C., Benn R., Vickery A., Yan B., Nimmo G., Schooneveldt J., Faoagali J., George N., Pruul H., Lim I., Ott K., Spicer J., Franklin C., Turnidge J., Bell J., Olden D., Hogg G., Easton M., Andrew J., Joyce L., Waters M.-J., McGechie D., Francis G., Toohey M., Pearman J., Christiansen K., Coombs G., Mulgrave L., Mitchell D., Collignon P., Halliday L., Gottlieb T., Funnell G., Munro R., Daley D., Fernandes C., Benn R., Vickery A., Yan B., Nimmo G., Schooneveldt J., Faoagali J., George N., Pruul H., Lim I., Ott K., Spicer J., Franklin C., Turnidge J., Bell J., Olden D., Hogg G., Easton M., Andrew J., and Joyce L.
Abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is endemic in teaching hospitals in eastern Australian states, with prevalence rates averaging 25-30% of all S.aureus. Between 1990 and 1995, 1467 non-duplicate MRSA isolates from clinically infected sites were tested in Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane as part of a national survey of staphylococcal susceptibility. We reviewed the differing evolution of resistance to ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, and fusidic acid. Despite similarities in community and hospital antibiotic use and MRSA prevalence rates, trends in resistance to the oral antibiotics in these cities have progressed independently of each other. In the 1995 survey in individual hospitals in Melbourne, 16-24% of strains were ciprofloxacin-resistant, compared with 80-100% in Sydney and 30-44% in Brisbane. There was great diversity of phage type patterns for ciprofloxacin-resistant strains, suggesting heterogeneous development of resistance. Rifampicin resistance was more closely associated with distinct dominant epidemic phage types, common to institutions in the same city, but without spread to the other cities. Between 1990 and 1995, these comprised 30-60% of all MRSA in Brisbane, compared with 5-10% in Melbourne and < 25% in Sydney. Fusidic acid resistance was uncommon and sporadic (< 5%), and was distributed equally between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible strains. Resistance to the oral agents in MRSA is due to a complex mix of antibiotic selection pressures and cross-infection with local and epidemic strains in closely related institutions. Each of these mechanisms can predominate, dependent on local factors and the antibiotics used.
Published: 2012

30. Candidaemia with uncommon Candida species: Predisposing factors, outcome, antifungal susceptibility, and implications for management.

Author: McBride J., Chen S.C.A., Marriott D., Playford E.G., Nguyen Q., Ellis D., Meyer W., Sorrell T.C., Slavin M., McCormack J., Walmsley K., Looke D., Johnson B., Nimmo G., Playford G., Drummond D., Forgan Smith R., Preston E., Allworth A., Faoagali J., Gerns N., Botes J., Cherian S., Robson J., Vohra R., Norton R., Coulter C., O'Kane G., Robb D., Gottlieb T., Chambers I., DeWit D., Carroll M., Dobson P., Ferguson J., Tierney L., Jozwiak F., Munro R., Tomasotos V., Pickles R., Holland J., Groenwad F., Hale K., Watson M., Vaz R., Hardiman R., Baleriola C., Ryan S., Pritchard R., Weeks K., Benn R., Lawrence R., Taylor P., Lindstrom S., Harkness J., Palasanthrian P., Grant R., McPetrie R., Johnson R., Halliday C., Maszewska K., Dennis N., Newton P., Franklin C., Morrisey O., Spelman D., Wesselingh S., Speed B., Hellsten J., Mayall B., Russell J., Broughton S., Woolley I., Coloe S., Sherman A., Korman T., Graves S., Huysmans M., Gordon D., Rowlands K., Shaw D., Ritchie B., Handkle R., Beaman M., Chiam A., McCarthy J., Heath C., Altmann S., Arthur I., Speers D., Cox E., Cooley L., McGregor A., Currie B., Lum G., Fisher D., Collignon P., Roberts J., Watson A., McBride J., Chen S.C.A., Marriott D., Playford E.G., Nguyen Q., Ellis D., Meyer W., Sorrell T.C., Slavin M., McCormack J., Walmsley K., Looke D., Johnson B., Nimmo G., Playford G., Drummond D., Forgan Smith R., Preston E., Allworth A., Faoagali J., Gerns N., Botes J., Cherian S., Robson J., Vohra R., Norton R., Coulter C., O'Kane G., Robb D., Gottlieb T., Chambers I., DeWit D., Carroll M., Dobson P., Ferguson J., Tierney L., Jozwiak F., Munro R., Tomasotos V., Pickles R., Holland J., Groenwad F., Hale K., Watson M., Vaz R., Hardiman R., Baleriola C., Ryan S., Pritchard R., Weeks K., Benn R., Lawrence R., Taylor P., Lindstrom S., Harkness J., Palasanthrian P., Grant R., McPetrie R., Johnson R., Halliday C., Maszewska K., Dennis N., Newton P., Franklin C., Morrisey O., Spelman D., Wesselingh S., Speed B., Hellsten J., Mayall B., Russell J., Broughton S., Woolley I., Coloe S., Sherman A., Korman T., Graves S., Huysmans M., Gordon D., Rowlands K., Shaw D., Ritchie B., Handkle R., Beaman M., Chiam A., McCarthy J., Heath C., Altmann S., Arthur I., Speers D., Cox E., Cooley L., McGregor A., Currie B., Lum G., Fisher D., Collignon P., Roberts J., and Watson A.
Abstract: The risk factors for and clinical features of bloodstream infection with uncommon Candida spp. (species other than C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicals and C. krusei) are incompletely defined. To identify clinical variables associated with these species that might guide management, 57 cases of candidaemia resulting from uncommon Candida spp. were analysed in comparison with 517 episodes of Candida albicans candidaemia (2001-2004). Infection with uncommon Candida spp. (5.3% of candidaemia cases), as compared with C. albicans candidaemia, was significantly more likely to be outpatient-acquired than inpatient-acquired (15 of 57 vs. 65 of 517 episodes, p0.01). Prior exposure to fluconazole was uncommon (n =1). Candida dubliniensis was the commonest species (n =22, 39%), followed by Candida guilliermondii (n = 11, 19%) and Candida lusitaniae (n = 7, 12%). C. dubliniensis candidaemia was independently associated with recent intravenous drug use (p0.01) and chronic liver disease (p0.03), and infection with species other than C. dubliniensis was independently associated with age <65 years (p0.02), male sex (p0.03) and human immunodeficiency virus infection (p0.05). Presence of sepsis at diagnosis and crude 30-day mortality rates were similar for C. dubliniensis-related, non- C. dubliniensis-related and C. albicans-related candidaemia. Haematological malignancy was the commonest predisposing factor in C. guilliermondii (n = 3, 27%) and C. lusitaniae (n = 3, 43%) candidaemia. The 30-day mortality rate of C. lusitaniae candidaemia was higher than the overall death rate for all uncommon Candida spp. (42.9% vs. 25%, not significant). All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin.B, voriconazole, posaconazole, and caspofungin; five strains (9%) had fluconazole MIC values of 16-32 mg/L. Candidaemia due to uncommon Candida spp. is emerging among hospital outpatients; certain clinical variables may assist in recognition of this entity. © 2009 The Authors Journal c
Published: 2012

31. Population-based surveillance for scedosporiosis in Australia: Epidemiology, disease manifestations and emergence of Scedosporium aurantiacum infection.

Author: McGregor A., Cooley L., Cox E., Franklin C., Korman T., Morrissey O., Spelman D., Speed B., Boan P., Dyer J., Gardam D., McLennan D., Murray R., Pryce T., Heath C.H., Slavin M.A., Sorrell T.C., Handke R., Harun A., Phillips M., Nguyen Q., Delhaes L., Ellis D., Meyer W., Chen S.C.A., Collignon P., Benn R., Chambers I., Dennis N., DeWit D., Ferguson J., Gosbell I., Gottlieb T., Halliday C., Holland J., Kesson A., Lawrence R., Marriott D., Newton P., Palasanthrian P., Pickles R., Pritchard B., Tierney L., Tomasotos V., Vaz R., Weeks K., Currie B., Allworth A., Coulter C., Faoagali J., Johnson B., Looke D., McCormack J., Nimmo G., O'Kane G., Playford E.G., Robson J., Rowlands K., Shaw D., McGregor A., Cooley L., Cox E., Franklin C., Korman T., Morrissey O., Spelman D., Speed B., Boan P., Dyer J., Gardam D., McLennan D., Murray R., Pryce T., Heath C.H., Slavin M.A., Sorrell T.C., Handke R., Harun A., Phillips M., Nguyen Q., Delhaes L., Ellis D., Meyer W., Chen S.C.A., Collignon P., Benn R., Chambers I., Dennis N., DeWit D., Ferguson J., Gosbell I., Gottlieb T., Halliday C., Holland J., Kesson A., Lawrence R., Marriott D., Newton P., Palasanthrian P., Pickles R., Pritchard B., Tierney L., Tomasotos V., Vaz R., Weeks K., Currie B., Allworth A., Coulter C., Faoagali J., Johnson B., Looke D., McCormack J., Nimmo G., O'Kane G., Playford E.G., Robson J., Rowlands K., and Shaw D.
Abstract: Australia-wide population-based surveillance for scedosporiosis identified 180 cases, with 118 (65.6%) cases of colonization and 62 (34.4%) cases of infection. Predisposing factors for isolation of Scedosporium spp. included chronic lung disease in 37.8% and malignancy in 21.7% of cases. Predictors of invasive disease (n = 62) included haematological stem cell transplantation (n = 7), leukaemia (n = 16) and diabetes mellitus (n = 8). Of 183 phenotypically-speciated isolates, 75 (41%) were Scedosporium prolificans (risk factors: haematologic cancer (n = 17), neutropaenia (n = 14)) and 108 (59%) had Scedosporium apiospermum/Pseudallescheria boydii phenotype [risk factor: diabetes (n = 15)]. Scedosporium prolificans (p 0.01) and leukaemia (p 0.03) independently predicted death. Epidemiological and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Scedosporium aurantiacum (prevalence >=15.8%) and S. apiospermum were similar. No patient with S aurantiacum infection (n = 6) died. This is the first description of clinical features associated with S. aurantiacum. © 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
Published: 2012

32. A national collaborative study of the in vitro activity of oral cephalosporins and loracarbef (LY 163892).

Author: McGechie D., Winter B., Pruul H., Karthigasu K., Mulgrave L., Toohey M., Francis G., Christiansen K., Asche V., Bull J., Faoagali J., Benn R.A.V., Fernandes C.J., Nimmo G.R., Collignon P., Bell J., Munro R., Daley D., Vickery A., Yan B., Gilbert G., Mallon R., Haski R., Catenach P., Hunt L., Turnidge J., Coutant C., Spicer J., Franklin C., Andrew J., Stockmann K., Hogg G., Easton M., Ott K., Lim I., McGechie D., Winter B., Pruul H., Karthigasu K., Mulgrave L., Toohey M., Francis G., Christiansen K., Asche V., Bull J., Faoagali J., Benn R.A.V., Fernandes C.J., Nimmo G.R., Collignon P., Bell J., Munro R., Daley D., Vickery A., Yan B., Gilbert G., Mallon R., Haski R., Catenach P., Hunt L., Turnidge J., Coutant C., Spicer J., Franklin C., Andrew J., Stockmann K., Hogg G., Easton M., Ott K., and Lim I.
Abstract: A national collaborative study involving the laboratories of 17 Australian hospitals examined the in vitro activity of loracarbef, cefaclor, cephalexin, amoxycillin and amoxycillin/clavulanate against 2661 recently isolated common bacterial pathogens. Loracarbef was the most active agent against Escherichia coli (MIC90 = 1 mg/l) and had activity comparable to other agents against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. Like the oral cephalosporins, it had no activity against species of Enterobacter and Serratia. beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae were moderately sensitive to loracarbef (MIC90 = 8 mg/l for both species). Streptococcus pneumoniae was moderately sensitive to loracarbef (MIC90 = 2 mg/l) but strains which were insensitive to penicillin were often highly resistant.
Published: 2012

33. Control of Fluoroquinolone Resistance through Successful Regulation, Australia

Author: Cheng, AC, Turnidge, J, Collignon, P, Looke, D, Barton, M, Gottlieb, T, Cheng, AC, Turnidge, J, Collignon, P, Looke, D, Barton, M, and Gottlieb, T
Abstract: Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drugs are highly bioavailable, broad-spectrum agents with activity against gram-negative pathogens, especially those resistant to other classes of antimicrobial drugs. Australia has restricted the use of quinolones in humans through its national pharmaceutical subsidy scheme; and, through regulation, has not permitted the use of quinolones in food-producing animals. As a consequence, resistance to fluoroquinolones in the community has been slow to emerge and has remained at low levels in key pathogens, such as Escherichia coli. In contrast to policies in most other countries, this policy has successfully preserved the utility of this class of antimicrobial drugs for treatment of most infections.
Published: 2012

34. Society's failure to protect a precious resource: antibiotics

Author: Carlet, J., Collignon, P., Goldmann, D., Goossens, H., Gyssens, I.C.J., Harbarth, S., Jarlier, V., Levy, S.B., N'Doye, B., Pittet, D., Richtmann, R., Seto, W.H., Meer, J.W.M. van der, Voss, A., Carlet, J., Collignon, P., Goldmann, D., Goossens, H., Gyssens, I.C.J., Harbarth, S., Jarlier, V., Levy, S.B., N'Doye, B., Pittet, D., Richtmann, R., Seto, W.H., Meer, J.W.M. van der, and Voss, A.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext
Published: 2011

35. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital inpatients, 2009: Report from the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance

Author: Nimmo, G., Pearson, J., Collignon, P., Christiansen, K., Coombs, Geoffrey, Bell, J., McLaws, M., Australian, G., Nimmo, G., Pearson, J., Collignon, P., Christiansen, K., Coombs, Geoffrey, Bell, J., McLaws, M., and Australian, G.
Abstract: In 2009, the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) conducted a period-prevalence survey of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital inpatients. Thirty medical microbiology laboratories from each state and mainland territory participated. Specimens were collected more than 48 hours post-admission. Isolates were tested by Vitek2 (AST-P579 card) and by Etest for daptomycin. Nationally, the proportion of S. aureus that were MRSA was 33.6%, ranging from 27.3% in South Australia to 41.4% in New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory. Resistance to the non-beta-lactam antimicrobials was common except for rifampicin, fusidic acid, daptomycin and high-level mupirocin. No resistance was detected for vancomycin, teicoplanin, quinupristin-dalfopristin or linezolid. Resistance in the methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was rare apart from erythromycin (12%) and absent for vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin and linezolid. The proportion of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has remained stable since the first AGAR inpatient survey in 2005 yet during the same time frame resistance to many antimicrobials, in particular tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and gentamicin, has significantly decreased. This suggests that non-multi-resistant community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) clones are becoming more common in the hospital setting and replacing the long-established multi-resistant clones such as ST239-III (Aus 2/3 EMRSA). Given hospital outbreaks of CA-MRSA are thought to be extremely rare it is most likely that patients colonised at admission with CA-MRSA have become infected with the colonising strain during their hospital stay.
Published: 2011

36. Determinants of mortality in non-neutropenic ICU patients with candidaemia.

Author: Pritchard R., Marriott D.J.E., Geoffrey E.G., Chen S., Slavin M., Nguyen Q., Ellis D., Sorrell T.C., Coulter C., McCormack J., Walmsley K., Looke D., Johnson B., Nimmo G., Playford G., Drummond D., Preston E., Allworth A., Faoagali J., Botes J., Robson J., Norton R., Robb D., Gottlieb T., Chambers I., DeWit D., Ferguson J., Tierney L., Jozwiak F., Munro R., Pickles R., Holland J., Groenwald F., Hale K., Vaz R., Hardiman R., Baleriola C., Weeks K., Benn R., Adams N., Lawrence R., Taylor P., Harkness J., Marriott J., Palasanthrian P., Grant R., Halliday C., Lee O.C., Sorrell T., Newton P., Dennis N., Franklin C., Morrisey O., Spelman D., Speed B., Russell H.J., Coloe S., Sherman A., Korman T., Graves S., Huysmans M., Gordon D., Rowlands K., Shaw D., Ferguson W., Handke R., Davis S., Beaman M., McCarthy J., Heath C., Altmann S., Arthur I., Speers D., Cox E., Cooley L., McGregor A., Currie B., Lum G., Fisher D., Collignon P., Watson A., McBride J., Pritchard R., Marriott D.J.E., Geoffrey E.G., Chen S., Slavin M., Nguyen Q., Ellis D., Sorrell T.C., Coulter C., McCormack J., Walmsley K., Looke D., Johnson B., Nimmo G., Playford G., Drummond D., Preston E., Allworth A., Faoagali J., Botes J., Robson J., Norton R., Robb D., Gottlieb T., Chambers I., DeWit D., Ferguson J., Tierney L., Jozwiak F., Munro R., Pickles R., Holland J., Groenwald F., Hale K., Vaz R., Hardiman R., Baleriola C., Weeks K., Benn R., Adams N., Lawrence R., Taylor P., Harkness J., Marriott J., Palasanthrian P., Grant R., Halliday C., Lee O.C., Sorrell T., Newton P., Dennis N., Franklin C., Morrisey O., Spelman D., Speed B., Russell H.J., Coloe S., Sherman A., Korman T., Graves S., Huysmans M., Gordon D., Rowlands K., Shaw D., Ferguson W., Handke R., Davis S., Beaman M., McCarthy J., Heath C., Altmann S., Arthur I., Speers D., Cox E., Cooley L., McGregor A., Currie B., Lum G., Fisher D., Collignon P., Watson A., and McBride J.
Abstract: Introduction: Candidaemia in critically-ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients is associated with high crude mortality. Determinants of mortality - particularly those amenable to potential modification - are incompletely defined. Method(s): A nationwide prospective clinical and microbiological cohort study of all episodes of ICU-acquired candidaemia occurring in non-neutropenic adults was undertaken in Australian ICUs between 2001 and 2004. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to determine independently significant variables associated with mortality. Result(s): 183 episodes of ICU-acquired candidaemia occurred in 183 patients during the study period. Of the 179 with microbiological data, Candida albicans accounted for 111 (62%) episodes and Candida glabrata, 32 (18%). Outcome data were available for 173: crude hospital mortality at 30 days was 56%. Host factors (older age, ICU admission diagnosis, mechanical ventilation and ICU admission diagnosis) and failure to receive systemic antifungal therapy were significantly associated with mortality on multivariate analysis. Among the subset who received initial fluconazole therapy (n = 93), the crude mortality was 52%. Host factors (increasing age and haemodialysis receipt), but not organism- (Candida species, fluconazole MIC), pharmacokinetic- (fluconazole dose, time to initiation), or pharmacodynamic-related parameters (fluconazole dose:MIC ratio) were associated with mortality. Process of care measures advocated in recent guidelines were implemented inconsistently: follow-up blood cultures were obtained in 68% of patients, central venous catheters removed within five days in 80% and ophthalmological examination performed in 36%. Conclusion(s): Crude mortality remains highin Australian ICU patients with candidaemia and is overwhelmingly related to host factors but not treatment variables (the time to initiation of antifungals or fluconazole pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors). The role and timin
Published: 2009

37. Molecular typing of Australian Scedosporium isolates showing genetic variability and numerous S. aurantiacum.

Author: McGregor A., Korman T., Morrissey O., Spelman D., Speed B., Sheorey H., Boan P., Dyer J., Gardam D., McLennan D., Murray R., Pryce T., Delhaes L., Harun A., Chen S.C.A., Nguyen Q., Slavin M., Heath C.H., Maszewska K., Halliday C., Robert V., Sorrell T.C., Meyer W., Collignon P., Benn R., Chambers I., Dennis N., Dewit D., Ferguson J., Gosbell I., Gottlieb T., Holland J., Kesson A., Lawrence R., Marriott D., Newton P., Palasanthrian P., Pickles R., Pritchard R., Tierney L., Tomasotos V., Vaz R., Weeks K., Allworth A., Coulter C., Faoagali J., Johnson B., Looke D., McCormack J., Nimmo G., O'Kane G., Playford E.G., Robson J., Ellis D., Handke R., Rowlands K., Shaw D., Cooley L., Cox E., Franklin C., Joseph C., McGregor A., Korman T., Morrissey O., Spelman D., Speed B., Sheorey H., Boan P., Dyer J., Gardam D., McLennan D., Murray R., Pryce T., Delhaes L., Harun A., Chen S.C.A., Nguyen Q., Slavin M., Heath C.H., Maszewska K., Halliday C., Robert V., Sorrell T.C., Meyer W., Collignon P., Benn R., Chambers I., Dennis N., Dewit D., Ferguson J., Gosbell I., Gottlieb T., Holland J., Kesson A., Lawrence R., Marriott D., Newton P., Palasanthrian P., Pickles R., Pritchard R., Tierney L., Tomasotos V., Vaz R., Weeks K., Allworth A., Coulter C., Faoagali J., Johnson B., Looke D., McCormack J., Nimmo G., O'Kane G., Playford E.G., Robson J., Ellis D., Handke R., Rowlands K., Shaw D., Cooley L., Cox E., Franklin C., and Joseph C.
Abstract: One hundred clinical isolates from a prospective nationwide study of scedosporiosis in Australia (2003-2005) and 46 additional isolates were genotyped by internal transcribed spacer-restriction fragment length polymorphism (ITS-RFLP) analysis, ITS sequencing, and M13 PCR fingerprinting. ITS-RFLP and PCR fingerprinting identified 3 distinct genetic groups. The first group corresponded to Scedosporium prolificans (n = 83), and the other 2 comprised isolates previously identified as S. apiospermum: one of these corresponded to S. apiospermum (n = 33) and the other to the newly described species S. aurantiacum (n = 30). Intraspecies variation was highest for S. apiospermum (58%), followed by S. prolificans (45%) and S. aurantiacum (28%) as determined by PCR fingerprinting. ITS sequence variation of 2.2% was observed among S. apiospermum isolates. No correlation was found between genotype of strains and their geographic origin, body site from which they were cultured, or colonization versus invasive disease. Twelve S. prolificans isolates from 2 suspected case clusters were examined by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. No specific clusters were confirmed.
Published: 2008

38. ESBL's, foods and cephalosporin use in food animals

Author: Collignon, P., Aarestrup, Frank Møller, Collignon, P., and Aarestrup, Frank Møller
Published: 2007

39. Les amendes administratives

Author: Coenen, A., Collignon, P., Empain, P.-M., Flabat, Fernand, Gehu, S., Rigodanzo, Vanessa, Van Leeuw, F., Coenen, A., Collignon, P., Empain, P.-M., Flabat, Fernand, Gehu, S., Rigodanzo, Vanessa, and Van Leeuw, F.
Abstract: Au cours des dernières années, le système des amendes administratives a considérablement évolué. Ainsi, la première révision de la loi du 17 juin 2004 a eu pour but de remédier à une série de lacunes de la mouture initiale que la pratique avait permis de constater. De plus, le législateur a ajouté au système la sanction de délits interpersonnels. Ensuite, une deuxième modification est revenue partiellement sur la dépénalisation de certaines infractions. Cet ouvrage fait le point tant sur les nouvelles perspectives que sur la praticabilité de la loi dans son ensemble., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2007

40. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter absent from isolates, Australia

Author: Unicomb, L., Ferguson, J., Riley, T.V., Collignon, P., Unicomb, L., Ferguson, J., Riley, T.V., and Collignon, P.
Abstract: Fluoroquinolone resistance was detected in 12 of 370 Australian human Campylobacter isolates; 10 of these were travel-associated, and for 2 isolates travel status was unknown. No resistance was found in isolates known to be locally acquired. In Australia, fluoroquinolones have not been licensed for use in food production animals, a policy that may have relevance for countries with fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter.
Published: 2003

41. Low temperature nitriding of AISI 316L stainless steel and titanium in a low pressure arc discharge

Author: Renevier, Nathalie, Collignon, P, Michel, H, Czerwiec, T, Renevier, Nathalie, Collignon, P, Michel, H, and Czerwiec, T
Abstract: AISI 316L stainless steel (SS) and titanium nitriding were studied in a low pressure arc-assisted nitriding process where the substrate temperature and the plasma parameters are uncoupled. Lower nitriding temperature limits were explored for constant plasma parameters in Ar–N2 gas mixtures and substrates at ﬂoating potential. Nitrogen superﬁcial concentration, layer thicknesses and X-ray diﬀraction analyses were performed on SS specimens nitrided at two temperatures (580 and 680 K) for diﬀerent times and titanium nitriding was studied in the temperature range 750–1025 K. At low temperature, the nitriding performances are limited by a plasma–surface phenomenon that probably involves recombination of nitrogen atoms.
Published: 1999

42. Diagnostic of arc discharges for plasma nitriding by optical emission spectroscopy

Author: Renevier, Nathalie, Czerwiec, T., Collignon, P., Michel, H., Renevier, Nathalie, Czerwiec, T., Collignon, P., and Michel, H.
Abstract: A new high current (100–300 A), low voltage (25–45 V) and low pressure (0.4–1 Pa) arc discharge plasma used for steel nitriding is presented and characterized by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). In this process, the nitriding rate is high even if the workpieces are nitrided at floating potential without hydrogen in Ar−N2 gas mixtures. With H2, there is no appreciable gain in nitrogen content or in growth rate of the diffusion layer. In this paper, the OES diagnostic technique has been used to characterize the different excitation processes of both neutral and ionic argon species in Ar−N2, Ar−H2 and Ar−N2−H2 gas mixtures. The reactivity of this process is evaluated by using AISI 316 L austenitic stainless steel substrates nitrided for different treatment times at 690 K.
Published: 1998

43. Correlation between processing parameters and mechanical properties as a function of substrate polarisation and depth in a nitrided 316 L stainless steel using nanoindentation and scanning force microscopy

Author: Randall, N.X., Renevier, Nathalie, Michel, H, Collignon, P, Randall, N.X., Renevier, Nathalie, Michel, H, and Collignon, P
Abstract: The effects of substrate polarisation in a nitrided 316L stainless steel have been investigated in an attempt to accurately correlate processing parameters with surface mechanical properties. Nanoindentation allows the Vickers hardness to be measured at precise depths, meaning that the variation in properties with nitriding depth can be evaluated and correlated with the process parameters. By combining such measurements with surface imaging techniques (scanning force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and electron probe micro-analysis, it is possible to explain both the mechanical property and microstructural variations of such layers, having been produced in a low pressure arc plasma discharge at 680 K with a mixed Ar-N2 gas. In this study the nanoindentation technique is presented as a new and valid method for the characterisation of nitrided layers, shown by hardness measurements on four nitrided layers produced with different substrate polarisation potentials. The net advantages of such an approach over conventional methods (e.g. microhardness testing) and the possibility of analysing microstructural phases previously not well detected by X-ray diffraction, make nanoindentation an attractive tool for a more complete understanding of the nitriding process.
Published: 1997

44. Low temperature nitriding of aluminium in a low pressure arc discharge

Author: Renevier, Nathalie, Czerwiec, Th, Collignon, P, Michel, H, Renevier, Nathalie, Czerwiec, Th, Collignon, P, and Michel, H
Published: 1997

45. New trends on nitriding in arc discharges studied by optical emission spectroscopy

Author: Renevier, Nathalie, Czerwiec, T., Michel, H., Collignon, P., Renevier, Nathalie, Czerwiec, T., Michel, H., and Collignon, P.
Abstract: The purpose of this work is to present the first results obtained by Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) in a low pressure arc discharge used for steel nitriding. In this process, workpieces are nitrided at floating potential in Ar-N 2 mixtures. OES measurements are compared to the results obtained by metallurgical analysis of nitrided steel substrates in the same conditions
Published: 1996

46. New trends on nitriding in low pressure arc discharges studied by optical emission spectroscopy

Author: Renevier, Nathalie, Collignon, P., Michel, H., Czerwiec, T., Renevier, Nathalie, Collignon, P., Michel, H., and Czerwiec, T.
Abstract: The purpose of this work is to present the first results obtained by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) in a high current, low voltage and low pressure arc discharge used for steel nitriding. The apparatus is mainly constituted of an ionisation chamber mounted on the top of the nitriding reactor itself. In this process, workpieces are nitrided at floating potential in Ar-N 2 gas mixtures. OES measurements are done in pure argon for different arc currents and different gas pressures in the reactor. This plasma diagnostic technique has been used to characterize the different excitation processes of both neutral and ionic argon species. In the case of Ar-N 2 gas mixtures a strong quenching effect of nitrogen on the electron energy distribution function is observed. OES measurements obtained for various nitrogen percentages in Ar-N 2 gas mixtures are compared to the results obtained by metallurgical analysis of nitrided Armco iron substrates in the same conditions.
Published: 1996

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

46 results on '"Collignon, P."'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources