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The purpose of this project was to compare the program manager preparation of uniformed officers in United States Air Force, Army, Navy, and Marine Corps, and then analyze acquisition outcomes. Entry-level requirements to become a program manager in the four branches were identified and similarities and differences were established. Cost and schedule performance datasets from 2017-2019 were analyzed using select acquisition reports managed by uniformed personnel. The Air Force ranked best in cost and schedule performance. Reviewing the preparational process of each branch and comparing cost and schedule performance over a three-year period identified a correlation between early exposure to acquisition and better outcomes in cost and schedule., Captain, United States Marine Corps, Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is part of our food and medicinal biodiversity and both roots and leaves are used due to their antioxidant, hypoglycemic and antibacterial properties. Consequently its use as functional food and/or nutraceutical is promising. Objectives: To determine the antioxidant capacity of 10 yacon accessions native from Cajamarca. Design: Descriptive, cross sectional and prospective study. Setting: Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), and Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca (UNC), Peru. Biological material: Yacon leaves and roots. Interventions: Yacon leaves and roots of plants cultivated in the Experimental Field of the Roots and Andean Tubers Program, Cajamarca's city (2 536 meters above sea level), were used, from the collection that supports the UNC Faculty of Agrarian Sciences. Origin of these accessions were Yanamango, Chuquibamba, Yanac, Cumbico, Bambamarca, Sapuc, Can Can, Jose Galvez, Contumaza, and San Ignacio. DPPH's (1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil) test was used and phenol and flavonoid total content was measured. Ascorbic acid, gallic acid (AG) and quercetin (Q) were used as reference. Main outcome measures: Total phenol and flavonoid content. Results: Root extracts radical DPPH capture presented an IC50, range 1,92-6,32 uL of root/mL, and its total phenols varied from 217,5-352,4 ug EAG/mL of root. Leaves hydroalcoholic extracts showed an IC50 for radical DPPH capture between 44,2-110,3 ug of dry leaf/mL. Its total phenols ranged between 7,7-22,7 mg EAG/g of leaf and flavonoids between 2,2-4,4 mg EQ/g of leaf. Conclusions: In the present study, accessions with major antioxidant potential for leaves and roots came from Yanamango and Chuquibamba. These results might relate to different geographical distribution, El yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) es parte de nuestra biodiversidad alimentaria y medicinal, utilizándose tanto las raíces como las hojas, por sus propiedades antioxidantes, hipoglicemiantes y antibacterianas. Por estas características, su uso como alimento funcional y/o nutracéutico es promisorio. Objetivos: Evaluar la capacidad antioxidante de 10 accesiones de yacón procedentes de Cajamarca. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo. Instituciones: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM y Universidad Nacional de Cajamarca (UNC), Perú. Material biológico: Hojas y raíces de yacón. Intervenciones: Se usó hojas y raíces de plantas de yacón cultivadas en el Campo Experimental del Programa de Raíces y Tubérculos Andinos, ciudad de Cajamarca (2 536 msnm), de la colección que mantiene la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la UNC. La procedencia de estas accesiones fueron las localidades Yanamango, Chuquibamba, Yanac, Cumbico, Bambamarca, Sapuc, Can Can, José Gálvez, Contumazá y San Ignacio. Se empleó la prueba de DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidracilo) y se midió el contenido de fenoles totales y flavonoides totales. Se usó ácido ascórbico, ácido gálico (AG) y quercetina (Q) como referencia, respectivamente. Principales medidas de resultados: Contenido de fenoles totales y flavonoides totales. Resultados: Para la captación del radical DPPH, los extractos de raíces presentaron un IC50, en el rango de 1,92 a 6,32 uL de raíz/mL. Sus fenoles totales variaron de 217,5 a 352,4 ug EAG/mL de raíz. Los extractos hidroalcohólicos de hojas mostraron un IC50, para la captación del radical DPPH, entre 44,2 y 110,3 ug de hoja seca/mL. Sus fenoles totales estuvieron en el rango de 7,7 a 22,7 mg EAG/g de hoja y el de flavonoides entre 2,2 y 4,4 mg EQ/g de hoja. Conclusiones: En el presente estudio, las accesiones con mayor potencial antioxidante, para hojas y raíces, provinieron de las localidades de Yanamango y Chuquibamba. Estos resulta

Background: Diabetes mellitus and its complications are public health problems. Hyperglycemia triggers harmful biochemical effects to the body, such as oxidative stress and inflammatory process. The use of medicinal plants with high antioxidant capacity as Lepidium meyenii Walp (maca) is an alternative in treatment of this disease. Objective: To determine whether ingestion of maca flour improves the relation reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in diabetic rats. Design: Experimental. Setting: Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Biological material: Yellow maca flour and adult male Holtzman albino rats. Interventions: Diabetes was induced in 24 rats with streptozotocin (STZ) 40 mg/kg body mass; rats were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: control (CO), glibenclamide (GL) 10 mg/kg body mass, maca 4 g/day (M4), and maca 6 g/day (M6). The experiment lasted 40 days. We evaluated glucose, body mass and levels of GSH and GSSG in plasma and liver homogenate at the end of the experiment. Main outcome measures: Body mass, plasma glucose, GSH and GSSG in plasma and liver homogenate. Results: Plasma was favored with circulating reduced glutathione. Values of GSH / GSSG ratio in groups treated with maca were about 190, significantly higher than in the CO group. Conclusions: Yellow maca flour administration to diabetic rats increased the GSH / GSSG ratio in plasma and contributed in improving redox status, efectos bioquímicos dañinos para el organismo, como el estrés oxidativo y el proceso inflamatorio crónico, por lo que el uso de plantas medicinales con elevada capacidad antioxidante, como Lepidium meyenii Walp (maca), es una alternativa en el tratamiento de esta patología. Objetivo: Determinar si la ingestión de harina de maca mejora la relación glutatión reducido/oxidado (GSH/GSSG) en ratas diabéticas. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Harina de maca amarilla y ratas albinas Holtzman machos adultas. Intervenciones: Se utilizó 24 ratas, a los cuales se les indujo la diabetes con estreptozotocina (STZ) 40 mg/kg de masa corporal y que fueron distribuidas aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos, de seis animales cada uno: control (CO), glibenclamida (GL) 10 mg/kg de masa corporal, maca 4 g/día (M4) y maca 6 g/día (M6); el experimento duró 40 días. Se evaluó la glicemia, masa corporal y, al final del experimento, se determinó los niveles de GSH y GSSG en plasma y homogenizado de hígado. Principales medidas de resultados: Masa corporal, glicemia, GSH y GSSG en plasma y homogenizado de hígado. Resultados: A nivel plasmático, el glutatión circulante estuvo favorecido para la forma reducida. Los valores de la relación GSH/GSSG en los grupos tratados con maca estuvieron alrededor de 190, significativamente mayor al grupo CO. Conclusiones: La administración de harina de maca amarilla a ratas diabéticas incrementó la relación GSH/GSSG a nivel plasmático, contribuyendo a mejorar su estado redox.