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1. Development of the Thought Disorder Measure for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology.

Author: Cicero, David C, Cicero, David C, Jonas, Katherine G, Chmielewski, Michael, Martin, Elizabeth A, Docherty, Anna R, Berzon, Jonathan, Haltigan, John D, Reininghaus, Ulrich, Caspi, Avshalom, Graziolplene, Rachael G, Kotov, Roman, Cicero, David C, Cicero, David C, Jonas, Katherine G, Chmielewski, Michael, Martin, Elizabeth A, Docherty, Anna R, Berzon, Jonathan, Haltigan, John D, Reininghaus, Ulrich, Caspi, Avshalom, Graziolplene, Rachael G, and Kotov, Roman
Abstract: The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology consortium aims to develop a comprehensive self-report measure to assess psychopathology dimensionally. The current research describes the initial conceptualization, development, and item selection for the thought disorder spectrum and related constructs from other spectra. The thought disorder spectrum is defined primarily by the positive and disorganized traits and symptoms of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The Thought Disorder Sub-Workgroup identified and defined 16 relevant constructs and wrote 10 to 15 items per each construct. These items were administered, along with detachment and mania items, to undergraduates and people with serious mental illness. Three hundred and sixty-five items across 25 scales were administered. An exploratory factor analysis of the scale scores suggested a two-factor structure corresponding to positive and negative symptoms for two samples. The mania scales loaded with the positive factor, while the detachment scales loaded with the negative factor. Item-level analyses resulted in 19 preliminary scales, including 215 items that cover the range of thought disorder pathology, and will be carried forward for the next phase of data collection/analysis.
Published: 2022

2. Les progrès dans la réalisation de la classification quantitative de la psychopathologie

Author: Krueger, Robert F., Kotov, Roman, Watson, David, Forbes, Miriam K., Eaton, Nicholas R., Ruggero, Camilo J., Simms, Leonard J., Widiger, Thomas A., Achenbach, Thomas M., Bach, Bo, Bagby, R. Michael, Bornovalova, Marina A., Carpenter, William T., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Clark, Lee Anna, Conway, Christopher, DeClercq, Barbara, DeYoung, Colin G., Docherty, Anna R., Drislane, Laura E., First, Michael B., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hallquist, Michael, Haltigan, John D., Hopwood, Christopher J., Ivanova, Masha Y., Jonas, Katherine G., Latzman, Robert D., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Ormel, Johan, Patalay, Praveetha, Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Regier, Darrel A., Reininghaus, Ulrich, Rescorla, Leslie A., Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Shackman, Alexander J., Skodol, Andrew, Slade, Tim, South, Susan C., Sunderland, Matthew, Tackett, Jennifer L., Venables, Noah C., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G.C., Zald, David H., Zimmermann, Johannes, Krueger, Robert F., Kotov, Roman, Watson, David, Forbes, Miriam K., Eaton, Nicholas R., Ruggero, Camilo J., Simms, Leonard J., Widiger, Thomas A., Achenbach, Thomas M., Bach, Bo, Bagby, R. Michael, Bornovalova, Marina A., Carpenter, William T., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Clark, Lee Anna, Conway, Christopher, DeClercq, Barbara, DeYoung, Colin G., Docherty, Anna R., Drislane, Laura E., First, Michael B., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hallquist, Michael, Haltigan, John D., Hopwood, Christopher J., Ivanova, Masha Y., Jonas, Katherine G., Latzman, Robert D., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Ormel, Johan, Patalay, Praveetha, Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Regier, Darrel A., Reininghaus, Ulrich, Rescorla, Leslie A., Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Shackman, Alexander J., Skodol, Andrew, Slade, Tim, South, Susan C., Sunderland, Matthew, Tackett, Jennifer L., Venables, Noah C., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G.C., Zald, David H., and Zimmermann, Johannes
Abstract: Shortcomings of approaches to classifying psychopathology based on expert consensus have given rise to contemporary efforts to classify psychopathology quantitatively. In this paper, we review progress in achieving a quantitative and empirical classification of psychopathology. A substantial empirical literature indicates that psychopathology is generally more dimensional than categorical. When the discreteness versus continuity of psychopathology is treated as a research question, as opposed to being decided as a matter of tradition, the evidence clearly supports the hypothesis of continuity. In addition, a related body of literature shows how psychopathology dimensions can be arranged in a hierarchy, ranging from very broad “spectrum level” dimensions, to specific and narrow clusters of symptoms. In this way, a quantitative approach solves the “problem of comorbidity” by explicitly modeling patterns of co-occurrence among signs and symptoms within a detailed and variegated hierarchy of dimensional concepts with direct clinical utility. Indeed, extensive evidence pertaining to the dimensional and hierarchical structure of psychopathology has led to the formation of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) Consortium. This is a group of 70 investigators working together to study empirical classification of psychopathology. In this paper, we describe the aims and current foci of the HiTOP Consortium. These aims pertain to continued research on the empirical organization of psychopathology; the connection between personality and psychopathology; the utility of empirically based psychopathology constructs in both research and the clinic; and the development of novel and comprehensive models and corresponding assessment instruments for psychopathology constructs derived from an empirical approach.
Published: 2021

3. Les progrès dans la réalisation de la classification quantitative de la psychopathologie

Author: Krueger, Robert F., Kotov, Roman, Watson, David, Forbes, Miriam K., Eaton, Nicholas R., Ruggero, Camilo J., Simms, Leonard J., Widiger, Thomas A., Achenbach, Thomas M., Bach, Bo, Bagby, Robert Michael, Bornovalova, Marina A., Carpenter, William T., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Clark, Lee Anna, Conway, Christopher, DeClercq, Barbara, DeYoung, Colin G., Docherty, Anna R., Drislane, Laura E., First, Michael B., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hallquist, Michael, Haltigan, John D., Hopwood, Christopher J., Ivanova, Masha Y., Jonas, Katherine G., Latzman, Robert D., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Ormel, Johan, Patalay, Praveetha, Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Regier, Darrel A., Reininghaus, Ulrich, Rescorla, Leslie A., Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Shackman, Alexander J., Skodol, Andrew E., Slade, Tim, South, Susan Carol, Sunderland, Matthew, Tackett, Jennifer L., Venables, Noah C., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G. C., Zald, David H., Zimmermann, Johannes, Krueger, Robert F., Kotov, Roman, Watson, David, Forbes, Miriam K., Eaton, Nicholas R., Ruggero, Camilo J., Simms, Leonard J., Widiger, Thomas A., Achenbach, Thomas M., Bach, Bo, Bagby, Robert Michael, Bornovalova, Marina A., Carpenter, William T., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Clark, Lee Anna, Conway, Christopher, DeClercq, Barbara, DeYoung, Colin G., Docherty, Anna R., Drislane, Laura E., First, Michael B., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hallquist, Michael, Haltigan, John D., Hopwood, Christopher J., Ivanova, Masha Y., Jonas, Katherine G., Latzman, Robert D., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Ormel, Johan, Patalay, Praveetha, Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Regier, Darrel A., Reininghaus, Ulrich, Rescorla, Leslie A., Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Shackman, Alexander J., Skodol, Andrew E., Slade, Tim, South, Susan Carol, Sunderland, Matthew, Tackett, Jennifer L., Venables, Noah C., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G. C., Zald, David H., and Zimmermann, Johannes
Published: 2021

4. Integrating psychotherapy with the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP).

Author: Hopwood, Christopher J, Bagby, Robert Michael, Gralnick, Tara, Ro, Eunyoe, Ruggero, Camilo, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie, Kotov, Roman, Bach, Bo, Cicero, David C., Krueger, Robert F., Patrick, Christopher J., Chmielewski, Michael, DeYoung, Colin G., Docherty, Anna R., Eaton, Nicholas R., Forbush, Kelsie T., Ivanova, Masha Y., Latzman, Robert D., Pincus, Aaron L., Samuel, Douglas B., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G. C., Zimmermann, Johannes, Hopwood, Christopher J, Bagby, Robert Michael, Gralnick, Tara, Ro, Eunyoe, Ruggero, Camilo, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie, Kotov, Roman, Bach, Bo, Cicero, David C., Krueger, Robert F., Patrick, Christopher J., Chmielewski, Michael, DeYoung, Colin G., Docherty, Anna R., Eaton, Nicholas R., Forbush, Kelsie T., Ivanova, Masha Y., Latzman, Robert D., Pincus, Aaron L., Samuel, Douglas B., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G. C., and Zimmermann, Johannes
Abstract: In this article, we present the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP), an evidence-based alternative to the categorical approach to diagnostic classification that has considerable promise for integrative psychotherapy research and practice. We first review issues associated with the categorical approach that may have constrained advances in psychotherapy. We next describe how the HiTOP model addresses some of these issues. We then offer suggestions regarding potentially mutual benefits of integrating HiTOP with treatment principles from the common factors literature as well as the cognitive-behavioral and relational psychotherapy traditions. We conclude by enumerating principles for psychotherapy research and practice based on the HiTOP model, which are illustrated with a case example.
Published: 2020

5. Commentary on 'The Challenge of Transforming the Diagnostic System of Personality Disorders'

Author: Hopwood, Christopher J., Krueger, Robert F., Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A., Althoff, Robert R., Ansell, Emily B., Bach, Bo, Bagby, R. Michael, Blais, Mark A., Bornovalova, Marina A., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Conway, Christopher, De Clerq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R., Eaton, Nicholas R., Edens, John F., Forbes, Miriam K., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hengartner, Michael P., Ivanova, Masha Y., Leising, Daniel, Lukowitsky, Mark R., Lynam, Donald R., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Ormel, Johan, Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Tackett, Jennifer L., Thomas, Katherine M., Trull, Timothy J., Vachon, David D., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G.C., Yalch, Mathew M., Zald, David H., Zimmermann, Johannes, Hopwood, Christopher J., Krueger, Robert F., Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A., Althoff, Robert R., Ansell, Emily B., Bach, Bo, Bagby, R. Michael, Blais, Mark A., Bornovalova, Marina A., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Conway, Christopher, De Clerq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R., Eaton, Nicholas R., Edens, John F., Forbes, Miriam K., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hengartner, Michael P., Ivanova, Masha Y., Leising, Daniel, Lukowitsky, Mark R., Lynam, Donald R., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Ormel, Johan, Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Tackett, Jennifer L., Thomas, Katherine M., Trull, Timothy J., Vachon, David D., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G.C., Yalch, Mathew M., Zald, David H., and Zimmermann, Johannes
Published: 2020

6. A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Can Transform Mental Health Research.

Author: Conway, Christopher C, Conway, Christopher C, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Fried, Eiko I, Hallquist, Michael N, Kotov, Roman, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Shackman, Alexander J, Skodol, Andrew E, South, Susan C, Sunderland, Matthew, Waszczuk, Monika A, Zald, David H, Afzali, Mohammad H, Bornovalova, Marina A, Carragher, Natacha, Docherty, Anna R, Jonas, Katherine G, Krueger, Robert F, Patalay, Praveetha, Pincus, Aaron L, Tackett, Jennifer L, Reininghaus, Ulrich, Waldman, Irwin D, Wright, Aidan GC, Zimmermann, Johannes, Bach, Bo, Bagby, R Michael, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C, Clark, Lee Anna, Dalgleish, Tim, DeYoung, Colin G, Hopwood, Christopher J, Ivanova, Masha Y, Latzman, Robert D, Patrick, Christopher J, Ruggero, Camilo J, Samuel, Douglas B, Watson, David, Eaton, Nicholas R, Conway, Christopher C, Conway, Christopher C, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Fried, Eiko I, Hallquist, Michael N, Kotov, Roman, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Shackman, Alexander J, Skodol, Andrew E, South, Susan C, Sunderland, Matthew, Waszczuk, Monika A, Zald, David H, Afzali, Mohammad H, Bornovalova, Marina A, Carragher, Natacha, Docherty, Anna R, Jonas, Katherine G, Krueger, Robert F, Patalay, Praveetha, Pincus, Aaron L, Tackett, Jennifer L, Reininghaus, Ulrich, Waldman, Irwin D, Wright, Aidan GC, Zimmermann, Johannes, Bach, Bo, Bagby, R Michael, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C, Clark, Lee Anna, Dalgleish, Tim, DeYoung, Colin G, Hopwood, Christopher J, Ivanova, Masha Y, Latzman, Robert D, Patrick, Christopher J, Ruggero, Camilo J, Samuel, Douglas B, Watson, David, and Eaton, Nicholas R
Abstract: For more than a century, research on psychopathology has focused on categorical diagnoses. Although this work has produced major discoveries, growing evidence points to the superiority of a dimensional approach to the science of mental illness. Here we outline one such dimensional system-the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)-that is based on empirical patterns of co-occurrence among psychological symptoms. We highlight key ways in which this framework can advance mental-health research, and we provide some heuristics for using HiTOP to test theories of psychopathology. We then review emerging evidence that supports the value of a hierarchical, dimensional model of mental illness across diverse research areas in psychological science. These new data suggest that the HiTOP system has the potential to accelerate and improve research on mental-health problems as well as efforts to more effectively assess, prevent, and treat mental illness.
Published: 2019

7. Commentary on 'The Challenge of Transforming the Diagnostic System of Personality Disorders'.

Author: Hopwood, Christopher J, Hopwood, Christopher J, Krueger, Robert F, Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A, Althoff, Robert R, Ansell, Emily B, Bach, Bo, Bagby, R Michael, Blais, Mark A, Bornovalova, Marina A, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C, Conway, Christopher, De Clerq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R, Eaton, Nicholas R, Edens, John F, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Hengartner, Michael P, Ivanova, Masha Y, Leising, Daniel, Lukowitsky, Mark R, Lynam, Donald R, Markon, Kristian E, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Ormel, Johan, Patrick, Christopher J, Pincus, Aaron L, Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B, Sellbom, Martin, Tackett, Jennifer L, Thomas, Katherine M, Trull, Timothy J, Vachon, David D, Waldman, Irwin D, Waszczuk, Monika A, Waugh, Mark H, Wright, Aidan GC, Yalch, Mathew M, Zald, David H, Zimmermann, Johannes, Hopwood, Christopher J, Hopwood, Christopher J, Krueger, Robert F, Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A, Althoff, Robert R, Ansell, Emily B, Bach, Bo, Bagby, R Michael, Blais, Mark A, Bornovalova, Marina A, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C, Conway, Christopher, De Clerq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R, Eaton, Nicholas R, Edens, John F, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Hengartner, Michael P, Ivanova, Masha Y, Leising, Daniel, Lukowitsky, Mark R, Lynam, Donald R, Markon, Kristian E, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Ormel, Johan, Patrick, Christopher J, Pincus, Aaron L, Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B, Sellbom, Martin, Tackett, Jennifer L, Thomas, Katherine M, Trull, Timothy J, Vachon, David D, Waldman, Irwin D, Waszczuk, Monika A, Waugh, Mark H, Wright, Aidan GC, Yalch, Mathew M, Zald, David H, and Zimmermann, Johannes
Published: 2019

8. Criterion A of the AMPD in HiTOP.

Author: Widiger, Thomas A, Widiger, Thomas A, Bach, Bo, Chmielewski, Michael, Clark, Lee Anna, DeYoung, Colin, Hopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Patrick, Christopher J, Pincus, Aaron L, Samuel, Douglas B, Sellbom, Martin, South, Susan C, Tackett, Jennifer L, Watson, David, Waugh, Mark H, Wright, Aidan GC, Zimmermann, Johannes, Bagby, R Michael, Cicero, David C, Conway, Christopher C, De Clercq, Barbara, Docherty, Anna R, Eaton, Nicholas R, Forbush, Kelsie T, Haltigan, JD, Ivanova, Masha Y, Latzman, Robert D, Lynam, Donald R, Markon, Kristian E, Reininghaus, Ulrich, Thomas, Katherine M, Widiger, Thomas A, Widiger, Thomas A, Bach, Bo, Chmielewski, Michael, Clark, Lee Anna, DeYoung, Colin, Hopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Patrick, Christopher J, Pincus, Aaron L, Samuel, Douglas B, Sellbom, Martin, South, Susan C, Tackett, Jennifer L, Watson, David, Waugh, Mark H, Wright, Aidan GC, Zimmermann, Johannes, Bagby, R Michael, Cicero, David C, Conway, Christopher C, De Clercq, Barbara, Docherty, Anna R, Eaton, Nicholas R, Forbush, Kelsie T, Haltigan, JD, Ivanova, Masha Y, Latzman, Robert D, Lynam, Donald R, Markon, Kristian E, Reininghaus, Ulrich, and Thomas, Katherine M
Abstract: The categorical model of personality disorder classification in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. [DSM-5]; American Psychiatric Association, 2013 ) is highly and fundamentally problematic. Proposed for DSM-5 and provided within Section III (for Emerging Measures and Models) was the Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) classification, consisting of Criterion A (self-interpersonal deficits) and Criterion B (maladaptive personality traits). A proposed alternative to the DSM-5 more generally is an empirically based dimensional organization of psychopathology identified as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP; Kotov et al., 2017 ). HiTOP currently includes, at the highest level, a general factor of psychopathology. Further down are the five domains of detachment, antagonistic externalizing, disinhibited externalizing, thought disorder, and internalizing (along with a provisional sixth somatoform dimension) that align with Criterion B. The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential inclusion and placement of the self-interpersonal deficits of the DSM-5 Section III Criterion A within HiTOP.
Published: 2019

9. Integrating the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) into clinical practice.

Author: Ruggero, Camilo J, Ruggero, Camilo J, Kotov, Roman, Hopwood, Christopher J, First, Michael, Clark, Lee Anna, Skodol, Andrew E, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Patrick, Christopher J, Bach, Bo, Cicero, David C, Docherty, Anna, Simms, Leonard J, Bagby, R Michael, Krueger, Robert F, Callahan, Jennifer L, Chmielewski, Michael, Conway, Christopher C, De Clercq, Barbara, Dornbach-Bender, Allison, Eaton, Nicholas R, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Haltigan, John D, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Patalay, Praveetha, Regier, Darrel A, Reininghaus, Ulrich, Shackman, Alexander J, Waszczuk, Monika A, Watson, David, Wright, Aidan GC, Zimmermann, Johannes, Ruggero, Camilo J, Ruggero, Camilo J, Kotov, Roman, Hopwood, Christopher J, First, Michael, Clark, Lee Anna, Skodol, Andrew E, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Patrick, Christopher J, Bach, Bo, Cicero, David C, Docherty, Anna, Simms, Leonard J, Bagby, R Michael, Krueger, Robert F, Callahan, Jennifer L, Chmielewski, Michael, Conway, Christopher C, De Clercq, Barbara, Dornbach-Bender, Allison, Eaton, Nicholas R, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Haltigan, John D, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Patalay, Praveetha, Regier, Darrel A, Reininghaus, Ulrich, Shackman, Alexander J, Waszczuk, Monika A, Watson, David, Wright, Aidan GC, and Zimmermann, Johannes
Abstract: ObjectiveDiagnosis is a cornerstone of clinical practice for mental health care providers, yet traditional diagnostic systems have well-known shortcomings, including inadequate reliability, high comorbidity, and marked within-diagnosis heterogeneity. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a data-driven, hierarchically based alternative to traditional classifications that conceptualizes psychopathology as a set of dimensions organized into increasingly broad, transdiagnostic spectra. Prior work has shown that using a dimensional approach improves reliability and validity, but translating a model like HiTOP into a workable system that is useful for health care providers remains a major challenge.MethodThe present work outlines the HiTOP model and describes the core principles to guide its integration into clinical practice.ResultsPotential advantages and limitations of the HiTOP model for clinical utility are reviewed, including with respect to case conceptualization and treatment planning. A HiTOP approach to practice is illustrated and contrasted with an approach based on traditional nosology. Common barriers to using HiTOP in real-world health care settings and solutions to these barriers are discussed.ConclusionsHiTOP represents a viable alternative to classifying mental illness that can be integrated into practice today, although research is needed to further establish its utility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2019

10. Criterion A of the AMPD in HiTOP.

Author: Widiger, Thomas A, Widiger, Thomas A, Bach, Bo, Chmielewski, Michael, Clark, Lee Anna, DeYoung, Colin, Hopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Patrick, Christopher J, Pincus, Aaron L, Samuel, Douglas B, Sellbom, Martin, South, Susan C, Tackett, Jennifer L, Watson, David, Waugh, Mark H, Wright, Aidan GC, Zimmermann, Johannes, Bagby, R Michael, Cicero, David C, Conway, Christopher C, De Clercq, Barbara, Docherty, Anna R, Eaton, Nicholas R, Forbush, Kelsie T, Haltigan, JD, Ivanova, Masha Y, Latzman, Robert D, Lynam, Donald R, Markon, Kristian E, Reininghaus, Ulrich, Thomas, Katherine M, Widiger, Thomas A, Widiger, Thomas A, Bach, Bo, Chmielewski, Michael, Clark, Lee Anna, DeYoung, Colin, Hopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Patrick, Christopher J, Pincus, Aaron L, Samuel, Douglas B, Sellbom, Martin, South, Susan C, Tackett, Jennifer L, Watson, David, Waugh, Mark H, Wright, Aidan GC, Zimmermann, Johannes, Bagby, R Michael, Cicero, David C, Conway, Christopher C, De Clercq, Barbara, Docherty, Anna R, Eaton, Nicholas R, Forbush, Kelsie T, Haltigan, JD, Ivanova, Masha Y, Latzman, Robert D, Lynam, Donald R, Markon, Kristian E, Reininghaus, Ulrich, and Thomas, Katherine M
Abstract: The categorical model of personality disorder classification in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. [DSM-5]; American Psychiatric Association, 2013 ) is highly and fundamentally problematic. Proposed for DSM-5 and provided within Section III (for Emerging Measures and Models) was the Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) classification, consisting of Criterion A (self-interpersonal deficits) and Criterion B (maladaptive personality traits). A proposed alternative to the DSM-5 more generally is an empirically based dimensional organization of psychopathology identified as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP; Kotov et al., 2017 ). HiTOP currently includes, at the highest level, a general factor of psychopathology. Further down are the five domains of detachment, antagonistic externalizing, disinhibited externalizing, thought disorder, and internalizing (along with a provisional sixth somatoform dimension) that align with Criterion B. The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential inclusion and placement of the self-interpersonal deficits of the DSM-5 Section III Criterion A within HiTOP.
Published: 2019

11. Commentary on 'The Challenge of Transforming the Diagnostic System of Personality Disorders'.

Author: Hopwood, Christopher J, Hopwood, Christopher J, Krueger, Robert F, Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A, Althoff, Robert R, Ansell, Emily B, Bach, Bo, Bagby, R Michael, Blais, Mark A, Bornovalova, Marina A, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C, Conway, Christopher, De Clerq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R, Eaton, Nicholas R, Edens, John F, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Hengartner, Michael P, Ivanova, Masha Y, Leising, Daniel, Lukowitsky, Mark R, Lynam, Donald R, Markon, Kristian E, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Ormel, Johan, Patrick, Christopher J, Pincus, Aaron L, Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B, Sellbom, Martin, Tackett, Jennifer L, Thomas, Katherine M, Trull, Timothy J, Vachon, David D, Waldman, Irwin D, Waszczuk, Monika A, Waugh, Mark H, Wright, Aidan GC, Yalch, Mathew M, Zald, David H, Zimmermann, Johannes, Hopwood, Christopher J, Hopwood, Christopher J, Krueger, Robert F, Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A, Althoff, Robert R, Ansell, Emily B, Bach, Bo, Bagby, R Michael, Blais, Mark A, Bornovalova, Marina A, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C, Conway, Christopher, De Clerq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R, Eaton, Nicholas R, Edens, John F, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Hengartner, Michael P, Ivanova, Masha Y, Leising, Daniel, Lukowitsky, Mark R, Lynam, Donald R, Markon, Kristian E, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Ormel, Johan, Patrick, Christopher J, Pincus, Aaron L, Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B, Sellbom, Martin, Tackett, Jennifer L, Thomas, Katherine M, Trull, Timothy J, Vachon, David D, Waldman, Irwin D, Waszczuk, Monika A, Waugh, Mark H, Wright, Aidan GC, Yalch, Mathew M, Zald, David H, and Zimmermann, Johannes
Published: 2019

12. A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Can Transform Mental Health Research.

Author: Conway, Christopher C, Conway, Christopher C, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Fried, Eiko I, Hallquist, Michael N, Kotov, Roman, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Shackman, Alexander J, Skodol, Andrew E, South, Susan C, Sunderland, Matthew, Waszczuk, Monika A, Zald, David H, Afzali, Mohammad H, Bornovalova, Marina A, Carragher, Natacha, Docherty, Anna R, Jonas, Katherine G, Krueger, Robert F, Patalay, Praveetha, Pincus, Aaron L, Tackett, Jennifer L, Reininghaus, Ulrich, Waldman, Irwin D, Wright, Aidan GC, Zimmermann, Johannes, Bach, Bo, Bagby, R Michael, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C, Clark, Lee Anna, Dalgleish, Tim, DeYoung, Colin G, Hopwood, Christopher J, Ivanova, Masha Y, Latzman, Robert D, Patrick, Christopher J, Ruggero, Camilo J, Samuel, Douglas B, Watson, David, Eaton, Nicholas R, Conway, Christopher C, Conway, Christopher C, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Fried, Eiko I, Hallquist, Michael N, Kotov, Roman, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Shackman, Alexander J, Skodol, Andrew E, South, Susan C, Sunderland, Matthew, Waszczuk, Monika A, Zald, David H, Afzali, Mohammad H, Bornovalova, Marina A, Carragher, Natacha, Docherty, Anna R, Jonas, Katherine G, Krueger, Robert F, Patalay, Praveetha, Pincus, Aaron L, Tackett, Jennifer L, Reininghaus, Ulrich, Waldman, Irwin D, Wright, Aidan GC, Zimmermann, Johannes, Bach, Bo, Bagby, R Michael, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C, Clark, Lee Anna, Dalgleish, Tim, DeYoung, Colin G, Hopwood, Christopher J, Ivanova, Masha Y, Latzman, Robert D, Patrick, Christopher J, Ruggero, Camilo J, Samuel, Douglas B, Watson, David, and Eaton, Nicholas R
Abstract: For more than a century, research on psychopathology has focused on categorical diagnoses. Although this work has produced major discoveries, growing evidence points to the superiority of a dimensional approach to the science of mental illness. Here we outline one such dimensional system-the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)-that is based on empirical patterns of co-occurrence among psychological symptoms. We highlight key ways in which this framework can advance mental-health research, and we provide some heuristics for using HiTOP to test theories of psychopathology. We then review emerging evidence that supports the value of a hierarchical, dimensional model of mental illness across diverse research areas in psychological science. These new data suggest that the HiTOP system has the potential to accelerate and improve research on mental-health problems as well as efforts to more effectively assess, prevent, and treat mental illness.
Published: 2019

13. Integrating the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) into clinical practice.

Author: Ruggero, Camilo J, Ruggero, Camilo J, Kotov, Roman, Hopwood, Christopher J, First, Michael, Clark, Lee Anna, Skodol, Andrew E, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Patrick, Christopher J, Bach, Bo, Cicero, David C, Docherty, Anna, Simms, Leonard J, Bagby, R Michael, Krueger, Robert F, Callahan, Jennifer L, Chmielewski, Michael, Conway, Christopher C, De Clercq, Barbara, Dornbach-Bender, Allison, Eaton, Nicholas R, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Haltigan, John D, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Patalay, Praveetha, Regier, Darrel A, Reininghaus, Ulrich, Shackman, Alexander J, Waszczuk, Monika A, Watson, David, Wright, Aidan GC, Zimmermann, Johannes, Ruggero, Camilo J, Ruggero, Camilo J, Kotov, Roman, Hopwood, Christopher J, First, Michael, Clark, Lee Anna, Skodol, Andrew E, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Patrick, Christopher J, Bach, Bo, Cicero, David C, Docherty, Anna, Simms, Leonard J, Bagby, R Michael, Krueger, Robert F, Callahan, Jennifer L, Chmielewski, Michael, Conway, Christopher C, De Clercq, Barbara, Dornbach-Bender, Allison, Eaton, Nicholas R, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Haltigan, John D, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Patalay, Praveetha, Regier, Darrel A, Reininghaus, Ulrich, Shackman, Alexander J, Waszczuk, Monika A, Watson, David, Wright, Aidan GC, and Zimmermann, Johannes
Abstract: ObjectiveDiagnosis is a cornerstone of clinical practice for mental health care providers, yet traditional diagnostic systems have well-known shortcomings, including inadequate reliability, high comorbidity, and marked within-diagnosis heterogeneity. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a data-driven, hierarchically based alternative to traditional classifications that conceptualizes psychopathology as a set of dimensions organized into increasingly broad, transdiagnostic spectra. Prior work has shown that using a dimensional approach improves reliability and validity, but translating a model like HiTOP into a workable system that is useful for health care providers remains a major challenge.MethodThe present work outlines the HiTOP model and describes the core principles to guide its integration into clinical practice.ResultsPotential advantages and limitations of the HiTOP model for clinical utility are reviewed, including with respect to case conceptualization and treatment planning. A HiTOP approach to practice is illustrated and contrasted with an approach based on traditional nosology. Common barriers to using HiTOP in real-world health care settings and solutions to these barriers are discussed.ConclusionsHiTOP represents a viable alternative to classifying mental illness that can be integrated into practice today, although research is needed to further establish its utility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2019

14. A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Can Transform Mental Health Research

Author: Conway, Christopher C., Forbes, Miriam K., Forbush, Kelsie T., Fried, Eiko I., Hallquist, Michael N., Kotov, Roman, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Shackman, Alexander J., Skodol, Andrew E., South, Susan C., Sunderland, Matthew, Waszczuk, Monika A., Zald, David H., Afzali, Mohammad H., Bornovalova, Marina A., Carragher, Natacha, Docherty, Anna R., Jonas, Katherine G., Krueger, Robert F., Patalay, Praveetha, Pincus, Aaron L., Tackett, Jennifer L., Reininghaus, Ulrich, Waldman, Irwin D., Wright, Aidan G.C., Zimmermann, Johannes, Bach, Bo, Bagby, R. Michael, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Clark, Lee Anna, Dalgleish, Tim, DeYoung, Colin G., Hopwood, Christopher J., Ivanova, Masha Y., Latzman, Robert D., Patrick, Christopher J., Ruggero, Camilo J., Samuel, Douglas B., Watson, David, Eaton, Nicholas R., Conway, Christopher C., Forbes, Miriam K., Forbush, Kelsie T., Fried, Eiko I., Hallquist, Michael N., Kotov, Roman, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Shackman, Alexander J., Skodol, Andrew E., South, Susan C., Sunderland, Matthew, Waszczuk, Monika A., Zald, David H., Afzali, Mohammad H., Bornovalova, Marina A., Carragher, Natacha, Docherty, Anna R., Jonas, Katherine G., Krueger, Robert F., Patalay, Praveetha, Pincus, Aaron L., Tackett, Jennifer L., Reininghaus, Ulrich, Waldman, Irwin D., Wright, Aidan G.C., Zimmermann, Johannes, Bach, Bo, Bagby, R. Michael, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Clark, Lee Anna, Dalgleish, Tim, DeYoung, Colin G., Hopwood, Christopher J., Ivanova, Masha Y., Latzman, Robert D., Patrick, Christopher J., Ruggero, Camilo J., Samuel, Douglas B., Watson, David, and Eaton, Nicholas R.
Abstract: For more than a century, research on psychopathology has focused on categorical diagnoses. Although this work has produced major discoveries, growing evidence points to the superiority of a dimensional approach to the science of mental illness. Here we outline one such dimensional system—the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)—that is based on empirical patterns of co-occurrence among psychological symptoms. We highlight key ways in which this framework can advance mental-health research, and we provide some heuristics for using HiTOP to test theories of psychopathology. We then review emerging evidence that supports the value of a hierarchical, dimensional model of mental illness across diverse research areas in psychological science. These new data suggest that the HiTOP system has the potential to accelerate and improve research on mental-health problems as well as efforts to more effectively assess, prevent, and treat mental illness.
Published: 2019

15. Criterion A of the AMPD in HiTOP

Author: Widiger, Thomas A., Bach, Bo, Chmielewski, Michael, Clark, Lee Anna, DeYoung, Colin, Hopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, South, Susan Carol, Tackett, Jennifer L., Watson, David, Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G. C., Zimmermann, Johannes, Bagby, Robert Michael, Cicero, David C., Conway, Christopher C., De Clercq, Barbara, Docherty, Anna R., Eaton, Nicholas R., Forbush, Kelsie T., Haltigan, J. D., Ivanova, Masha Y., Latzman, Robert D., Lynam, Donald R., Markon, Kristian E., Reininghaus, Ulrich, Thomas, Katherine M., Widiger, Thomas A., Bach, Bo, Chmielewski, Michael, Clark, Lee Anna, DeYoung, Colin, Hopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, South, Susan Carol, Tackett, Jennifer L., Watson, David, Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G. C., Zimmermann, Johannes, Bagby, Robert Michael, Cicero, David C., Conway, Christopher C., De Clercq, Barbara, Docherty, Anna R., Eaton, Nicholas R., Forbush, Kelsie T., Haltigan, J. D., Ivanova, Masha Y., Latzman, Robert D., Lynam, Donald R., Markon, Kristian E., Reininghaus, Ulrich, and Thomas, Katherine M.
Abstract: © 2018 Taylor & Francis The categorical model of personality disorder classification in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. [DSM–5]; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) is highly and fundamentally problematic. Proposed for DSM–5 and provided within Section III (for Emerging Measures and Models) was the Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) classification, consisting of Criterion A (self-interpersonal deficits) and Criterion B (maladaptive personality traits). A proposed alternative to the DSM–5 more generally is an empirically based dimensional organization of psychopathology identified as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP; Kotov et al., 2017). HiTOP currently includes, at the highest level, a general factor of psychopathology. Further down are the five domains of detachment, antagonistic externalizing, disinhibited externalizing, thought disorder, and internalizing (along with a provisional sixth somatoform dimension) that align with Criterion B. The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential inclusion and placement of the self-interpersonal deficits of the DSM–5 Section III Criterion A within HiTOP.
Published: 2019

16. Integrating the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) into clinical practice.

Author: Ruggero, Camilo J., Kotov, Roman, Hopwood, Christopher J, First, Michael B., Clark, Lee Anna, Skodol, Andrew E., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Patrick, Christopher J., Bach, Bo, Cicero, David C., Docherty, Anna, Simms, Leonard J., Bagby, Robert Michael, Krueger, Robert F., Callahan, Jennifer L., Chmielewski, Michael, Conway, Christopher C., De Clercq, Barbara, Dornbach-Bender, Allison, Eaton, Nicholas R., Forbes, Miriam K., Forbush, Kelsie T., Haltigan, John D., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Patalay, Praveetha, Regier, Darrel A., Reininghaus, Ulrich, Shackman, Alexander J., Waszczuk, Monika A., Watson, David, Wright, Aidan G. C., Zimmermann, Johannes, Ruggero, Camilo J., Kotov, Roman, Hopwood, Christopher J, First, Michael B., Clark, Lee Anna, Skodol, Andrew E., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Patrick, Christopher J., Bach, Bo, Cicero, David C., Docherty, Anna, Simms, Leonard J., Bagby, Robert Michael, Krueger, Robert F., Callahan, Jennifer L., Chmielewski, Michael, Conway, Christopher C., De Clercq, Barbara, Dornbach-Bender, Allison, Eaton, Nicholas R., Forbes, Miriam K., Forbush, Kelsie T., Haltigan, John D., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Patalay, Praveetha, Regier, Darrel A., Reininghaus, Ulrich, Shackman, Alexander J., Waszczuk, Monika A., Watson, David, Wright, Aidan G. C., and Zimmermann, Johannes
Abstract: Diagnosis is a cornerstone of clinical practice for mental health care providers, yet traditional diagnostic systems have well-known shortcomings, including inadequate reliability in daily practice, high co-morbidity, and marked within-diagnosis heterogeneity. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a data-driven, hierarchically based alternative to traditional classifications that conceptualizes psychopathology as a set of dimensions organized into increasingly broad, transdiagnostic spectra. Prior work has shown that using a dimension-based approach improves reliability and validity, but translating a model like HiTOP into a workable system that is useful for health care providers remains a major challenge. To this end, the present work outlines the HiTOP model and describes the core principles to guide its integration into clinical practice. We review potential advantages and limitations for clinical utility, including case conceptualization and treatment planning. We illustrate what a HiTOP approach might look like in practice relative to traditional nosology. Finally, we discuss common barriers to using HiTOP in real-world healthcare settings and how they can be addressed.
Published: 2019

17. Decreased Self-Concept Clarity in People with Schizophrenia.

Author: Cicero, David Colin, Cicero, David Colin, Martin, Elizabeth A, Becker, Theresa M, Kerns, John G, Cicero, David Colin, Cicero, David Colin, Martin, Elizabeth A, Becker, Theresa M, and Kerns, John G
Abstract: Disturbances in the perception of self are thought to be central to the development of psychosis. Self-concept clarity (SCC) is the extent to which one's beliefs about oneself are internally consistent, stable, and clear. Participants with schizophrenia (N = 54) and healthy controls (N = 32) completed the Me Not-Me Decision Task (MNMDT), in which they decided whether 60 adjectives (30 pairs of antonyms) did or did not describe themselves. SCC is conceptualized as the number of consistent responses. Participants also completed the Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS). Compared to healthy controls, participants with schizophrenia scored lower on the MNMDT and SCCS, and scores were negatively correlated with positive and negative symptoms. In a simultaneous regression, SCCS scores were uniquely associated with positive symptoms, whereas MNMDT scores were uniquely associated with negative symptoms. This suggests that people with schizophrenia have decreased self-concept clarity that is related to positive and negative symptoms.
Published: 2016

18. The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis.

Author: Hopwood, Christopher J, Hopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F, Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A, Althoff, Robert R, Ansell, Emily B, Bach, Bo, Michael Bagby, R, Blais, Mark A, Bornovalova, Marina A, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C, Conway, Christopher, De Clercq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R, Eaton, Nicholas R, Edens, John F, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Hengartner, Michael P, Ivanova, Masha Y, Leising, Daniel, John Livesley, W, Lukowitsky, Mark R, Lynam, Donald R, Markon, Kristian E, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Hans Ormel, J, Patrick, Christopher J, Pincus, Aaron L, Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B, Sellbom, Martin, Slade, Tim, Tackett, Jennifer L, Thomas, Katherine M, Trull, Timothy J, Vachon, David D, Waldman, Irwin D, Waszczuk, Monika A, Waugh, Mark H, Wright, Aidan GC, Yalch, Mathew M, Zald, David H, Zimmermann, Johannes, Hopwood, Christopher J, Hopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F, Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A, Althoff, Robert R, Ansell, Emily B, Bach, Bo, Michael Bagby, R, Blais, Mark A, Bornovalova, Marina A, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C, Conway, Christopher, De Clercq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R, Eaton, Nicholas R, Edens, John F, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Hengartner, Michael P, Ivanova, Masha Y, Leising, Daniel, John Livesley, W, Lukowitsky, Mark R, Lynam, Donald R, Markon, Kristian E, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Hans Ormel, J, Patrick, Christopher J, Pincus, Aaron L, Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B, Sellbom, Martin, Slade, Tim, Tackett, Jennifer L, Thomas, Katherine M, Trull, Timothy J, Vachon, David D, Waldman, Irwin D, Waszczuk, Monika A, Waugh, Mark H, Wright, Aidan GC, Yalch, Mathew M, Zald, David H, and Zimmermann, Johannes
Published: 2018

19. Enhancing Psychosis-Spectrum Nosology Through an International Data Sharing Initiative.

Author: Docherty, Anna R, Docherty, Anna R, Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo, Debbané, Martin, Chan, Raymond CK, Linscott, Richard J, Jonas, Katherine G, Cicero, David C, Green, Melissa J, Simms, Leonard J, Mason, Oliver, Watson, David, Ettinger, Ulrich, Waszczuk, Monika, Rapp, Alexander, Grant, Phillip, Kotov, Roman, DeYoung, Colin G, Ruggero, Camilo J, Eaton, Nicolas R, Krueger, Robert F, Patrick, Christopher, Hopwood, Christopher, O'Neill, F Anthony, Zald, David H, Conway, Christopher C, Adkins, Daniel E, Waldman, Irwin D, van Os, Jim, Sullivan, Patrick F, Anderson, John S, Shabalin, Andrey A, Sponheim, Scott R, Taylor, Stephan F, Grazioplene, Rachel G, Bacanu, Silviu A, Bigdeli, Tim B, Haenschel, Corinna, Malaspina, Dolores, Gooding, Diane C, Nicodemus, Kristin, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Barrantes-Vidal, Neus, Mohr, Christine, Carpenter, William T, Cohen, Alex S, Docherty, Anna R, Docherty, Anna R, Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo, Debbané, Martin, Chan, Raymond CK, Linscott, Richard J, Jonas, Katherine G, Cicero, David C, Green, Melissa J, Simms, Leonard J, Mason, Oliver, Watson, David, Ettinger, Ulrich, Waszczuk, Monika, Rapp, Alexander, Grant, Phillip, Kotov, Roman, DeYoung, Colin G, Ruggero, Camilo J, Eaton, Nicolas R, Krueger, Robert F, Patrick, Christopher, Hopwood, Christopher, O'Neill, F Anthony, Zald, David H, Conway, Christopher C, Adkins, Daniel E, Waldman, Irwin D, van Os, Jim, Sullivan, Patrick F, Anderson, John S, Shabalin, Andrey A, Sponheim, Scott R, Taylor, Stephan F, Grazioplene, Rachel G, Bacanu, Silviu A, Bigdeli, Tim B, Haenschel, Corinna, Malaspina, Dolores, Gooding, Diane C, Nicodemus, Kristin, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Barrantes-Vidal, Neus, Mohr, Christine, Carpenter, William T, and Cohen, Alex S
Abstract: The latent structure of schizotypy and psychosis-spectrum symptoms remains poorly understood. Furthermore, molecular genetic substrates are poorly defined, largely due to the substantial resources required to collect rich phenotypic data across diverse populations. Sample sizes of phenotypic studies are often insufficient for advanced structural equation modeling approaches. In the last 50 years, efforts in both psychiatry and psychological science have moved toward (1) a dimensional model of psychopathology (eg, the current Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology [HiTOP] initiative), (2) an integration of methods and measures across traits and units of analysis (eg, the RDoC initiative), and (3) powerful, impactful study designs maximizing sample size to detect subtle genomic variation relating to complex traits (the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium [PGC]). These movements are important to the future study of the psychosis spectrum, and to resolving heterogeneity with respect to instrument and population. The International Consortium of Schizotypy Research is composed of over 40 laboratories in 12 countries, and to date, members have compiled a body of schizotypy- and psychosis-related phenotype data from more than 30000 individuals. It has become apparent that compiling data into a protected, relational database and crowdsourcing analytic and data science expertise will result in significant enhancement of current research on the structure and biological substrates of the psychosis spectrum. The authors present a data-sharing infrastructure similar to that of the PGC, and a resource-sharing infrastructure similar to that of HiTOP. This report details the rationale and benefits of the phenotypic data collective and presents an open invitation for participation.
Published: 2018

20. Enhancing Psychosis-Spectrum Nosology Through an International Data Sharing Initiative

Author: Docherty, Anna R, Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo, Debbané, Martin, Chan, Raymond C K, Linscott, Richard J, Jonas, Katherine G, Cicero, David C, Green, Melissa J, Simms, Leonard J, Mason, Oliver, Watson, David, Ettinger, Ulrich, Waszczuk, Monika, Rapp, Alexander, Grant, Phillip, Kotov, Roman, DeYoung, Colin G, Ruggero, Camilo J, Eaton, Nicolas R, Krueger, Robert F, Patrick, Christopher, Hopwood, Christopher, O'Neill, F Anthony, Zald, David H, Conway, Christopher C, Adkins, Daniel E, Waldman, Irwin D, van Os, Jim, Sullivan, Patrick F, Anderson, John S, Shabalin, Andrey A, Sponheim, Scott R, Taylor, Stephan F, Grazioplene, Rachel G, Bacanu, Silviu A, Bigdeli, Tim B, Haenschel, Corinna, Malaspina, Dolores, Gooding, Diane C, Nicodemus, Kristin, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Barrantes-Vidal, Neus, Mohr, Christine, Carpenter, William T, Cohen, Alex S, Docherty, Anna R, Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo, Debbané, Martin, Chan, Raymond C K, Linscott, Richard J, Jonas, Katherine G, Cicero, David C, Green, Melissa J, Simms, Leonard J, Mason, Oliver, Watson, David, Ettinger, Ulrich, Waszczuk, Monika, Rapp, Alexander, Grant, Phillip, Kotov, Roman, DeYoung, Colin G, Ruggero, Camilo J, Eaton, Nicolas R, Krueger, Robert F, Patrick, Christopher, Hopwood, Christopher, O'Neill, F Anthony, Zald, David H, Conway, Christopher C, Adkins, Daniel E, Waldman, Irwin D, van Os, Jim, Sullivan, Patrick F, Anderson, John S, Shabalin, Andrey A, Sponheim, Scott R, Taylor, Stephan F, Grazioplene, Rachel G, Bacanu, Silviu A, Bigdeli, Tim B, Haenschel, Corinna, Malaspina, Dolores, Gooding, Diane C, Nicodemus, Kristin, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Barrantes-Vidal, Neus, Mohr, Christine, Carpenter, William T, and Cohen, Alex S
Published: 2018

21. Enhancing Psychosis-Spectrum Nosology Through an International Data Sharing Initiative

Author: Docherty, Anna R, Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo, Debbané, Martin, Chan, Raymond C K, Linscott, Richard J, Jonas, Katherine G, Cicero, David C, Green, Melissa J, Simms, Leonard J, Mason, Oliver, Watson, David, Ettinger, Ulrich, Waszczuk, Monika, Rapp, Alexander, Grant, Phillip, Kotov, Roman, DeYoung, Colin G, Ruggero, Camilo J, Eaton, Nicolas R, Krueger, Robert F, Patrick, Christopher, Hopwood, Christopher, O'Neill, F Anthony, Zald, David H, Conway, Christopher C, Adkins, Daniel E, Waldman, Irwin D, van Os, Jim, Sullivan, Patrick F, Anderson, John S, Shabalin, Andrey A, Sponheim, Scott R, Taylor, Stephan F, Grazioplene, Rachel G, Bacanu, Silviu A, Bigdeli, Tim B, Haenschel, Corinna, Malaspina, Dolores, Gooding, Diane C, Nicodemus, Kristin, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Barrantes-Vidal, Neus, Mohr, Christine, Carpenter, William T, Cohen, Alex S, Docherty, Anna R, Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo, Debbané, Martin, Chan, Raymond C K, Linscott, Richard J, Jonas, Katherine G, Cicero, David C, Green, Melissa J, Simms, Leonard J, Mason, Oliver, Watson, David, Ettinger, Ulrich, Waszczuk, Monika, Rapp, Alexander, Grant, Phillip, Kotov, Roman, DeYoung, Colin G, Ruggero, Camilo J, Eaton, Nicolas R, Krueger, Robert F, Patrick, Christopher, Hopwood, Christopher, O'Neill, F Anthony, Zald, David H, Conway, Christopher C, Adkins, Daniel E, Waldman, Irwin D, van Os, Jim, Sullivan, Patrick F, Anderson, John S, Shabalin, Andrey A, Sponheim, Scott R, Taylor, Stephan F, Grazioplene, Rachel G, Bacanu, Silviu A, Bigdeli, Tim B, Haenschel, Corinna, Malaspina, Dolores, Gooding, Diane C, Nicodemus, Kristin, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Barrantes-Vidal, Neus, Mohr, Christine, Carpenter, William T, and Cohen, Alex S
Published: 2018

22. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

Author: Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.
Abstract: We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relati
Published: 2018

23. The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis

Author: Hopwood, Christopher J., Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F., Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A., Althoff, Robert R., Ansell, Emily B., Bach, Bo, Michael Bagby, R., Blais, Mark A., Bornovalova, Marina A., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Conway, Christopher, De Clercq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R., Eaton, Nicholas R., Edens, John F., Forbes, Miriam K., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hengartner, Michael Pascal, Ivanova, Masha Y., Leising, Daniel, John Livesley, W., Lukowitsky, Mark R., Lynam, Donald R., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Hans Ormel, J., Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Slade, Tim, Tackett, Jennifer L., Thomas, Katherine M., Trull, Timothy J., Vachon, David D., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G.C., Yalch, Mathew M., Zald, David H., Zimmermann, Johannes, Hopwood, Christopher J., Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F., Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A., Althoff, Robert R., Ansell, Emily B., Bach, Bo, Michael Bagby, R., Blais, Mark A., Bornovalova, Marina A., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Conway, Christopher, De Clercq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R., Eaton, Nicholas R., Edens, John F., Forbes, Miriam K., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hengartner, Michael Pascal, Ivanova, Masha Y., Leising, Daniel, John Livesley, W., Lukowitsky, Mark R., Lynam, Donald R., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Hans Ormel, J., Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Slade, Tim, Tackett, Jennifer L., Thomas, Katherine M., Trull, Timothy J., Vachon, David D., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G.C., Yalch, Mathew M., Zald, David H., and Zimmermann, Johannes
Published: 2018

24. Enhancing Psychosis-Spectrum Nosology Through an International Data Sharing Initiative.

Author: Docherty, Anna R, Docherty, Anna R, Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo, Debbané, Martin, Chan, Raymond CK, Linscott, Richard J, Jonas, Katherine G, Cicero, David C, Green, Melissa J, Simms, Leonard J, Mason, Oliver, Watson, David, Ettinger, Ulrich, Waszczuk, Monika, Rapp, Alexander, Grant, Phillip, Kotov, Roman, DeYoung, Colin G, Ruggero, Camilo J, Eaton, Nicolas R, Krueger, Robert F, Patrick, Christopher, Hopwood, Christopher, O'Neill, F Anthony, Zald, David H, Conway, Christopher C, Adkins, Daniel E, Waldman, Irwin D, van Os, Jim, Sullivan, Patrick F, Anderson, John S, Shabalin, Andrey A, Sponheim, Scott R, Taylor, Stephan F, Grazioplene, Rachel G, Bacanu, Silviu A, Bigdeli, Tim B, Haenschel, Corinna, Malaspina, Dolores, Gooding, Diane C, Nicodemus, Kristin, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Barrantes-Vidal, Neus, Mohr, Christine, Carpenter, William T, Cohen, Alex S, Docherty, Anna R, Docherty, Anna R, Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo, Debbané, Martin, Chan, Raymond CK, Linscott, Richard J, Jonas, Katherine G, Cicero, David C, Green, Melissa J, Simms, Leonard J, Mason, Oliver, Watson, David, Ettinger, Ulrich, Waszczuk, Monika, Rapp, Alexander, Grant, Phillip, Kotov, Roman, DeYoung, Colin G, Ruggero, Camilo J, Eaton, Nicolas R, Krueger, Robert F, Patrick, Christopher, Hopwood, Christopher, O'Neill, F Anthony, Zald, David H, Conway, Christopher C, Adkins, Daniel E, Waldman, Irwin D, van Os, Jim, Sullivan, Patrick F, Anderson, John S, Shabalin, Andrey A, Sponheim, Scott R, Taylor, Stephan F, Grazioplene, Rachel G, Bacanu, Silviu A, Bigdeli, Tim B, Haenschel, Corinna, Malaspina, Dolores, Gooding, Diane C, Nicodemus, Kristin, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Barrantes-Vidal, Neus, Mohr, Christine, Carpenter, William T, and Cohen, Alex S
Abstract: The latent structure of schizotypy and psychosis-spectrum symptoms remains poorly understood. Furthermore, molecular genetic substrates are poorly defined, largely due to the substantial resources required to collect rich phenotypic data across diverse populations. Sample sizes of phenotypic studies are often insufficient for advanced structural equation modeling approaches. In the last 50 years, efforts in both psychiatry and psychological science have moved toward (1) a dimensional model of psychopathology (eg, the current Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology [HiTOP] initiative), (2) an integration of methods and measures across traits and units of analysis (eg, the RDoC initiative), and (3) powerful, impactful study designs maximizing sample size to detect subtle genomic variation relating to complex traits (the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium [PGC]). These movements are important to the future study of the psychosis spectrum, and to resolving heterogeneity with respect to instrument and population. The International Consortium of Schizotypy Research is composed of over 40 laboratories in 12 countries, and to date, members have compiled a body of schizotypy- and psychosis-related phenotype data from more than 30000 individuals. It has become apparent that compiling data into a protected, relational database and crowdsourcing analytic and data science expertise will result in significant enhancement of current research on the structure and biological substrates of the psychosis spectrum. The authors present a data-sharing infrastructure similar to that of the PGC, and a resource-sharing infrastructure similar to that of HiTOP. This report details the rationale and benefits of the phenotypic data collective and presents an open invitation for participation.
Published: 2018

25. The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis.

Author: Hopwood, Christopher J, Hopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F, Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A, Althoff, Robert R, Ansell, Emily B, Bach, Bo, Michael Bagby, R, Blais, Mark A, Bornovalova, Marina A, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C, Conway, Christopher, De Clercq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R, Eaton, Nicholas R, Edens, John F, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Hengartner, Michael P, Ivanova, Masha Y, Leising, Daniel, John Livesley, W, Lukowitsky, Mark R, Lynam, Donald R, Markon, Kristian E, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Hans Ormel, J, Patrick, Christopher J, Pincus, Aaron L, Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B, Sellbom, Martin, Slade, Tim, Tackett, Jennifer L, Thomas, Katherine M, Trull, Timothy J, Vachon, David D, Waldman, Irwin D, Waszczuk, Monika A, Waugh, Mark H, Wright, Aidan GC, Yalch, Mathew M, Zald, David H, Zimmermann, Johannes, Hopwood, Christopher J, Hopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F, Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A, Althoff, Robert R, Ansell, Emily B, Bach, Bo, Michael Bagby, R, Blais, Mark A, Bornovalova, Marina A, Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C, Conway, Christopher, De Clercq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R, Eaton, Nicholas R, Edens, John F, Forbes, Miriam K, Forbush, Kelsie T, Hengartner, Michael P, Ivanova, Masha Y, Leising, Daniel, John Livesley, W, Lukowitsky, Mark R, Lynam, Donald R, Markon, Kristian E, Miller, Joshua D, Morey, Leslie C, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N, Hans Ormel, J, Patrick, Christopher J, Pincus, Aaron L, Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B, Sellbom, Martin, Slade, Tim, Tackett, Jennifer L, Thomas, Katherine M, Trull, Timothy J, Vachon, David D, Waldman, Irwin D, Waszczuk, Monika A, Waugh, Mark H, Wright, Aidan GC, Yalch, Mathew M, Zald, David H, and Zimmermann, Johannes
Published: 2018

26. Enhancing Psychosis-Spectrum Nosology Through an International Data Sharing Initiative

Author: Docherty, Anna R, Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo, Debbané, Martin, Chan, Raymond C K, Linscott, Richard J, Jonas, Katherine G, Cicero, David C, Green, Melissa J, Simms, Leonard J, Mason, Oliver, Watson, David, Ettinger, Ulrich, Waszczuk, Monika, Rapp, Alexander, Grant, Phillip, Kotov, Roman, DeYoung, Colin G, Ruggero, Camilo J, Eaton, Nicolas R, Krueger, Robert F, Patrick, Christopher, Hopwood, Christopher, O'Neill, F Anthony, Zald, David H, Conway, Christopher C, Adkins, Daniel E, Waldman, Irwin D, van Os, Jim, Sullivan, Patrick F, Anderson, John S, Shabalin, Andrey A, Sponheim, Scott R, Taylor, Stephan F, Grazioplene, Rachel G, Bacanu, Silviu A, Bigdeli, Tim B, Haenschel, Corinna, Malaspina, Dolores, Gooding, Diane C, Nicodemus, Kristin, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Barrantes-Vidal, Neus, Mohr, Christine, Carpenter, William T, Cohen, Alex S, Docherty, Anna R, Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo, Debbané, Martin, Chan, Raymond C K, Linscott, Richard J, Jonas, Katherine G, Cicero, David C, Green, Melissa J, Simms, Leonard J, Mason, Oliver, Watson, David, Ettinger, Ulrich, Waszczuk, Monika, Rapp, Alexander, Grant, Phillip, Kotov, Roman, DeYoung, Colin G, Ruggero, Camilo J, Eaton, Nicolas R, Krueger, Robert F, Patrick, Christopher, Hopwood, Christopher, O'Neill, F Anthony, Zald, David H, Conway, Christopher C, Adkins, Daniel E, Waldman, Irwin D, van Os, Jim, Sullivan, Patrick F, Anderson, John S, Shabalin, Andrey A, Sponheim, Scott R, Taylor, Stephan F, Grazioplene, Rachel G, Bacanu, Silviu A, Bigdeli, Tim B, Haenschel, Corinna, Malaspina, Dolores, Gooding, Diane C, Nicodemus, Kristin, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Barrantes-Vidal, Neus, Mohr, Christine, Carpenter, William T, and Cohen, Alex S
Published: 2018

27. Enhancing Psychosis-Spectrum Nosology Through an International Data Sharing Initiative

Author: Hersenen-Medisch 1, Brain, Onderzoek, Docherty, Anna R, Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo, Debbané, Martin, Chan, Raymond C K, Linscott, Richard J, Jonas, Katherine G, Cicero, David C, Green, Melissa J, Simms, Leonard J, Mason, Oliver, Watson, David, Ettinger, Ulrich, Waszczuk, Monika, Rapp, Alexander, Grant, Phillip, Kotov, Roman, DeYoung, Colin G, Ruggero, Camilo J, Eaton, Nicolas R, Krueger, Robert F, Patrick, Christopher, Hopwood, Christopher, O'Neill, F Anthony, Zald, David H, Conway, Christopher C, Adkins, Daniel E, Waldman, Irwin D, van Os, Jim, Sullivan, Patrick F, Anderson, John S, Shabalin, Andrey A, Sponheim, Scott R, Taylor, Stephan F, Grazioplene, Rachel G, Bacanu, Silviu A, Bigdeli, Tim B, Haenschel, Corinna, Malaspina, Dolores, Gooding, Diane C, Nicodemus, Kristin, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Barrantes-Vidal, Neus, Mohr, Christine, Carpenter, William T, Cohen, Alex S, Hersenen-Medisch 1, Brain, Onderzoek, Docherty, Anna R, Fonseca-Pedrero, Eduardo, Debbané, Martin, Chan, Raymond C K, Linscott, Richard J, Jonas, Katherine G, Cicero, David C, Green, Melissa J, Simms, Leonard J, Mason, Oliver, Watson, David, Ettinger, Ulrich, Waszczuk, Monika, Rapp, Alexander, Grant, Phillip, Kotov, Roman, DeYoung, Colin G, Ruggero, Camilo J, Eaton, Nicolas R, Krueger, Robert F, Patrick, Christopher, Hopwood, Christopher, O'Neill, F Anthony, Zald, David H, Conway, Christopher C, Adkins, Daniel E, Waldman, Irwin D, van Os, Jim, Sullivan, Patrick F, Anderson, John S, Shabalin, Andrey A, Sponheim, Scott R, Taylor, Stephan F, Grazioplene, Rachel G, Bacanu, Silviu A, Bigdeli, Tim B, Haenschel, Corinna, Malaspina, Dolores, Gooding, Diane C, Nicodemus, Kristin, Schultze-Lutter, Frauke, Barrantes-Vidal, Neus, Mohr, Christine, Carpenter, William T, and Cohen, Alex S
Published: 2018

28. The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis

Author: Hopwood, Christopher J., Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F., Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A., Althoff, Robert R., Ansell, Emily B., Bach, Bo, Michael Bagby, R., Blais, Mark A., Bornovalova, Marina A., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Conway, Christopher, De Clercq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R., Eaton, Nicholas R., Edens, John F., Forbes, Miriam K., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hengartner, Michael Pascal, Ivanova, Masha Y., Leising, Daniel, John Livesley, W., Lukowitsky, Mark R., Lynam, Donald R., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Hans Ormel, J., Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Slade, Tim, Tackett, Jennifer L., Thomas, Katherine M., Trull, Timothy J., Vachon, David D., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G.C., Yalch, Mathew M., Zald, David H., Zimmermann, Johannes, Hopwood, Christopher J., Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F., Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A., Althoff, Robert R., Ansell, Emily B., Bach, Bo, Michael Bagby, R., Blais, Mark A., Bornovalova, Marina A., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Conway, Christopher, De Clercq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R., Eaton, Nicholas R., Edens, John F., Forbes, Miriam K., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hengartner, Michael Pascal, Ivanova, Masha Y., Leising, Daniel, John Livesley, W., Lukowitsky, Mark R., Lynam, Donald R., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Hans Ormel, J., Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Slade, Tim, Tackett, Jennifer L., Thomas, Katherine M., Trull, Timothy J., Vachon, David D., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G.C., Yalch, Mathew M., Zald, David H., and Zimmermann, Johannes
Published: 2018

29. Many labs 2: Investigating variation in replicability across sample and setting

Author: Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.
Abstract: We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relati
Published: 2018
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30. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

Author: Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen-Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel-ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-ker, Åse H., Jiménez-leal, William, John, Melissa-sue, Joy-gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Lee Nichols, Austin, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M. H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, Van Aert, Robbie C. M., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Van Der Hulst, Marije, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.
Abstract: We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relati
Published: 2018

31. Many labs 2:Investigating variation in replicability across samples and settings

Author: Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, Nosek, Brian A., Klein, Richard A., Vianello, Michelangelo, Hasselman, Fred, Adams, Byron G., Adams, Reginald B., Alper, Sinan, Aveyard, Mark, Axt, Jordan R., Babalola, Mayowa T., Bahník, Štěpán, Batra, Rishtee, Berkics, Mihály, Bernstein, Michael J., Berry, Daniel R., Bialobrzeska, Olga, Binan, Evans Dami, Bocian, Konrad, Brandt, Mark J., Busching, Robert, Rédei, Anna Cabak, Cai, Huajian, Cambier, Fanny, Cantarero, Katarzyna, Carmichael, Cheryl L., Ceric, Francisco, Chandler, Jesse, Chang, Jen Ho, Chatard, Armand, Chen, Eva E., Cheong, Winnee, Cicero, David C., Coen, Sharon, Coleman, Jennifer A., Collisson, Brian, Conway, Morgan A., Corker, Katherine S., Curran, Paul G., Cushman, Fiery, Dagona, Zubairu K., Dalgar, Ilker, Dalla Rosa, Anna, Davis, William E., de Bruijn, Maaike, De Schutter, Leander, Devos, Thierry, de Vries, Marieke, Doğulu, Canay, Dozo, Nerisa, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, Dunham, Yarrow, Durrheim, Kevin, Ebersole, Charles R., Edlund, John E., Eller, Anja, English, Alexander Scott, Finck, Carolyn, Frankowska, Natalia, Freyre, Miguel Ángel, Friedman, Mike, Galliani, Elisa Maria, Gandi, Joshua C., Ghoshal, Tanuka, Giessner, Steffen R., Gill, Tripat, Gnambs, Timo, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Graham, Jesse, Grahe, Jon E., Grahek, Ivan, Green, Eva G.T., Hai, Kakul, Haigh, Matthew, Haines, Elizabeth L., Hall, Michael P., Heffernan, Marie E., Hicks, Joshua A., Houdek, Petr, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., Huynh, Ho Phi, Ijzerman, Hans, Inbar, Yoel, Innes-Ker, Åse H., Jiménez-Leal, William, John, Melissa Sue, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Kamiloğlu, Roza G., Kappes, Heather Barry, Karabati, Serdar, Karick, Haruna, Keller, Victor N., Kende, Anna, Kervyn, Nicolas, Knežević, Goran, Kovacs, Carrie, Krueger, Lacy E., Kurapov, German, Kurtz, Jamie, Lakens, Daniël, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., Levitan, Carmel A., Lewis, Neil A., Lins, Samuel, Lipsey, Nikolette P., Losee, Joy E., Maassen, Esther, Maitner, Angela T., Malingumu, Winfrida, Mallett, Robyn K., Marotta, Satia A., Međedović, Janko, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, Milfont, Taciano L., Morris, Wendy L., Murphy, Sean C., Myachykov, Andriy, Neave, Nick, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nelson, Anthony J., Neto, Félix, Nichols, Austin Lee, Ocampo, Aaron, O’donnell, Susan L., Oikawa, Haruka, Oikawa, Masanori, Ong, Elsie, Orosz, Gábor, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, Packard, Grant, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, Petrović, Boban, Pilati, Ronaldo, Pinter, Brad, Podesta, Lysandra, Pogge, Gabrielle, Pollmann, Monique M.H., Rutchick, Abraham M., Saavedra, Patricio, Saeri, Alexander K., Salomon, Erika, Schmidt, Kathleen, Schönbrodt, Felix D., Sekerdej, Maciej B., Sirlopú, David, Skorinko, Jeanine L.M., Smith, Michael A., Smith-Castro, Vanessa, Smolders, Karin C.H.J., Sobkow, Agata, Sowden, Walter, Spachtholz, Philipp, Srivastava, Manini, Steiner, Troy G., Stouten, Jeroen, Street, Chris N.H., Sundfelt, Oskar K., Szeto, Stephanie, Szumowska, Ewa, Tang, Andrew C.W., Tanzer, Norbert, Tear, Morgan J., Theriault, Jordan, Thomae, Manuela, Torres, David, Traczyk, Jakub, Tybur, Joshua M., Ujhelyi, Adrienn, van Aert, Robbie C.M., van Assen, Marcel A.L.M., van der Hulst, Marije, van Lange, Paul A.M., van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Vázquez, Alexandra, Vega, Luis Diego, Verniers, Catherine, Verschoor, Mark, Voermans, Ingrid P.J., Vranka, Marek A., Welch, Cheryl, Wichman, Aaron L., Williams, Lisa A., Wood, Michael, Woodzicka, Julie A., Wronska, Marta K., Young, Liane, Zelenski, John M., Zhijia, Zeng, and Nosek, Brian A.
Abstract: We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p <.05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p <.0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely highpowered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than.20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above.10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relative
Published: 2018

32. Progress in achieving quantitative classification of psychopathology

Author: Krueger, Robert F., Kotov, Roman, Watson, David, Forbes, Miriam K., Eaton, Nicholas R., Ruggero, Camilo J., Simms, Leonard J., Widiger, Thomas A., Achenbach, Thomas M., Bach, Bo, Bagby, Robert Michael, Bornovalova, Marina A., Carpenter, William T., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Clark, Lee Anna, Conway, Christopher, DeClercq, Barbara, DeYoung, Colin G., Docherty, Anna R., Drislane, Laura E., First, Michael B., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hallquist, Michael, Haltigan, John D., Hopwood, Christopher J, Ivanova, Masha Y., Jonas, Katherine G., Latzman, Robert D., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins‐Sweatt, Stephanie N., Ormel, Johan, Patalay, Praveetha, Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Regier, Darrel A., Reininghaus, Ulrich, Rescorla, Leslie A., Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Shackman, Alexander J., Skodol, Andrew E., Slade, Tim, South, Susan Carol, Sunderland, Matthew, Tackett, Jennifer L., Venables, Noah C., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G. C., Zald, David H., Zimmermann, Johannes, Krueger, Robert F., Kotov, Roman, Watson, David, Forbes, Miriam K., Eaton, Nicholas R., Ruggero, Camilo J., Simms, Leonard J., Widiger, Thomas A., Achenbach, Thomas M., Bach, Bo, Bagby, Robert Michael, Bornovalova, Marina A., Carpenter, William T., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Clark, Lee Anna, Conway, Christopher, DeClercq, Barbara, DeYoung, Colin G., Docherty, Anna R., Drislane, Laura E., First, Michael B., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hallquist, Michael, Haltigan, John D., Hopwood, Christopher J, Ivanova, Masha Y., Jonas, Katherine G., Latzman, Robert D., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins‐Sweatt, Stephanie N., Ormel, Johan, Patalay, Praveetha, Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Regier, Darrel A., Reininghaus, Ulrich, Rescorla, Leslie A., Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Shackman, Alexander J., Skodol, Andrew E., Slade, Tim, South, Susan Carol, Sunderland, Matthew, Tackett, Jennifer L., Venables, Noah C., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G. C., Zald, David H., and Zimmermann, Johannes
Abstract: Shortcomings ofapproaches to classifying psychopathology based on expert consensus have given rise to contemporary efforts to classify psycho- pathology quantitatively. In this paper, we review progress in achieving a quantitative and empirical classification ofpsychopathology. A substan- tial empirical literature indicates that psychopathology is generally more dimensional than categorical. When the discreteness versus continuityof psychopathology is treated as a research question, as opposed to being decided as a matter oftradition, the evidence clearly supports the hypothesis ofcontinuity. In addition, a related body ofliterature shows how psychopathology dimensions can be arranged in a hierarchy, ranging from very broad “spectrum level” dimensions, to specific and narrow clusters ofsymptoms. In this way, a quantitative approach solves the “problem ofco- morbidity” by explicitly modeling patterns of co-occurrence among signs and symptoms within a detailed and variegated hierarchy ofdimension- al concepts with direct clinical utility. Indeed, extensive evidence pertaining to the dimensional and hierarchical structure ofpsychopathology has led to the formation ofthe Hierarchical Taxonomy ofPsychopathology (HiTOP) Consortium. This is a group of70 investigators working together to study empirical classification ofpsychopathology. In this paper, we describe the aims and current foci ofthe HiTOP Consortium. These aims pertain to continued research on the empirical organization ofpsychopathology; the connection between personality and psychopathology; the utility ofempirically based psychopathology constructs in both research and the clinic; and the development ofnovel and comprehensive models and corresponding assessment instruments for psychopathology constructs derived from an empirical approach.
Published: 2018

33. The time has come for dimensional personality disorder diagnosis

Author: Hopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F., Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A., Althoff, Robert R., Ansell, Emily B., Bach, Bo, Michael Bagby, R., Blais, Mark A., Bornovalova, Marina A., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Conway, Christopher, De Clercq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R., Eaton, Nicholas R., Edens, John F., Forbes, Miriam K., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hengartner, Michael P., Ivanova, Masha Y., Leising, Daniel, John Livesley, W., Lukowitsky, Mark R., Lynam, Donald R., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Hans Ormel, J., Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Slade, Tim, Tackett, Jennifer L., Thomas, Katherine M., Trull, Timothy J., Vachon, David D., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G. C., Yalch, Matthew M., Zald, David H., Zimmermann, Johannes, Hopwood, Christopher J, Kotov, Roman, Krueger, Robert F., Watson, David, Widiger, Thomas A., Althoff, Robert R., Ansell, Emily B., Bach, Bo, Michael Bagby, R., Blais, Mark A., Bornovalova, Marina A., Chmielewski, Michael, Cicero, David C., Conway, Christopher, De Clercq, Barbara, De Fruyt, Filip, Docherty, Anna R., Eaton, Nicholas R., Edens, John F., Forbes, Miriam K., Forbush, Kelsie T., Hengartner, Michael P., Ivanova, Masha Y., Leising, Daniel, John Livesley, W., Lukowitsky, Mark R., Lynam, Donald R., Markon, Kristian E., Miller, Joshua D., Morey, Leslie C., Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., Hans Ormel, J., Patrick, Christopher J., Pincus, Aaron L., Ruggero, Camilo, Samuel, Douglas B., Sellbom, Martin, Slade, Tim, Tackett, Jennifer L., Thomas, Katherine M., Trull, Timothy J., Vachon, David D., Waldman, Irwin D., Waszczuk, Monika A., Waugh, Mark H., Wright, Aidan G. C., Yalch, Matthew M., Zald, David H., and Zimmermann, Johannes
Published: 2018

34. Aberrant salience, self-concept clarity, and interview-rated psychotic-like experiences.

Author: Cicero, David C, Cicero, David C, Docherty, Anna R, Becker, Theresa M, Martin, Elizabeth A, Kerns, John G, Cicero, David C, Cicero, David C, Docherty, Anna R, Becker, Theresa M, Martin, Elizabeth A, and Kerns, John G
Abstract: Many social-cognitive models of psychotic-like symptoms posit a role for self-concept and aberrant salience. Previous work has shown that the interaction between aberrant salience and self-concept clarity is associated with self-reported psychotic-like experiences. In the current research with two structured interviews, the interaction between aberrant salience and self-concept clarity was found to be associated with interview-rated psychotic-like experiences. The interaction was associated with psychotic-like experiences composite scores, delusional ideation, grandiosity, and perceptual anomalies. In all cases, self-concept clarity was negatively associated with psychotic-like experiences at high levels of aberrant salience, but unassociated with psychotic-like experiences at low levels of aberrant salience. The interaction was specific to positive psychotic-like experiences and not present for negative or disorganized ratings. The interaction was not mediated by self-esteem levels. These results provide further evidence that aberrant salience and self-concept clarity play an important role in the generation of psychotic-like experiences.
Published: 2015

35. Correspondence between psychometric and clinical high risk for psychosis in an undergraduate population.

Author: Cicero, David C, Cicero, David C, Martin, Elizabeth A, Becker, Theresa M, Docherty, Anna R, Kerns, John G, Cicero, David C, Cicero, David C, Martin, Elizabeth A, Becker, Theresa M, Docherty, Anna R, and Kerns, John G
Abstract: Despite the common use of either psychometric or clinical methods for identifying individuals at risk for psychosis, previous research has not examined the correspondence and extent of convergence of these 2 approaches. Undergraduates (n = 160), selected from a larger pool, completed 3 self-report schizotypy scales: the Magical Ideation Scale, the Perceptual Aberration Scale, and the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale. They were administered the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. First, high correlations were observed for self-report and interview-rated psychotic-like experiences (rs between .48 and .61, p < .001). Second, 77% of individuals who identified as having a risk for psychosis with the self-report measures reported at least 1 clinically meaningful psychotic-like experience on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. Third, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that the self-report scales can be used to identify which participants report clinically meaningful positive symptoms. These results suggest that mostly White undergraduate participants who identify as at risk with the psychometric schizotypy approach report clinically meaningful psychotic-like experiences in an interview format and that the schizotypy scales are moderately to strongly correlated with interview-rated psychotic-like experiences. The results of the current research provide a baseline for comparing research between these 2 approaches.
Published: 2014

36. Correspondence between psychometric and clinical high risk for psychosis in an undergraduate population.

Author: Cicero, David C, Cicero, David C, Martin, Elizabeth A, Becker, Theresa M, Docherty, Anna R, Kerns, John G, Cicero, David C, Cicero, David C, Martin, Elizabeth A, Becker, Theresa M, Docherty, Anna R, and Kerns, John G
Abstract: Despite the common use of either psychometric or clinical methods for identifying individuals at risk for psychosis, previous research has not examined the correspondence and extent of convergence of these 2 approaches. Undergraduates (n = 160), selected from a larger pool, completed 3 self-report schizotypy scales: the Magical Ideation Scale, the Perceptual Aberration Scale, and the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale. They were administered the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. First, high correlations were observed for self-report and interview-rated psychotic-like experiences (rs between .48 and .61, p < .001). Second, 77% of individuals who identified as having a risk for psychosis with the self-report measures reported at least 1 clinically meaningful psychotic-like experience on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. Third, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that the self-report scales can be used to identify which participants report clinically meaningful positive symptoms. These results suggest that mostly White undergraduate participants who identify as at risk with the psychometric schizotypy approach report clinically meaningful psychotic-like experiences in an interview format and that the schizotypy scales are moderately to strongly correlated with interview-rated psychotic-like experiences. The results of the current research provide a baseline for comparing research between these 2 approaches.
Published: 2014

37. Reinforcement learning deficits in people with schizophrenia persist after extended trials.

Author: Cicero, David C, Cicero, David C, Martin, Elizabeth A, Becker, Theresa M, Kerns, John G, Cicero, David C, Cicero, David C, Martin, Elizabeth A, Becker, Theresa M, and Kerns, John G
Abstract: Previous research suggests that people with schizophrenia have difficulty learning from positive feedback and when learning needs to occur rapidly. However, they seem to have relatively intact learning from negative feedback when learning occurs gradually. Participants are typically given a limited amount of acquisition trials to learn the reward contingencies and then tested about what they learned. The current study examined whether participants with schizophrenia continue to display these deficits when given extra time to learn the contingences. Participants with schizophrenia and matched healthy controls completed the Probabilistic Selection Task, which measures positive and negative feedback learning separately. Participants with schizophrenia showed a deficit in learning from both positive feedback and negative feedback. These reward learning deficits persisted even if people with schizophrenia are given extra time (up to 10 blocks of 60 trials) to learn the reward contingencies. These results suggest that the observed deficits cannot be attributed solely to slower learning and instead reflect a specific deficit in reinforcement learning.
Published: 2014

38. Many Labs 3: Evaluating participant pool quality across the academic semester via replication

Author: Ebersole, Charles R, Ebersole, Charles R, Atherton, Olivia E, Belanger, Aimee L, Skulborstad, Hayley M, Allen, Jill M, Banks, Jonathan B, Baranski, Erica, Bernstein, Michael J, Bonfiglio, Diane BV, Boucher, Leanne, Brown, Elizabeth R, Budiman, Nancy I, Cairo, Athena H, Capaldi, Colin A, Chartier, Christopher R, Chung, Joanne M, Cicero, David C, Coleman, Jennifer A, Conway, John G, Davis, William E, Devos, Thierry, Fletcher, Melody M, German, Komi, Grahe, Jon E, Hermann, Anthony D, Hicks, Joshua A, Honeycutt, Nathan, Humphrey, Brandon, Janus, Matthew, Johnson, David J, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A, Juzeler, Hannah, Keres, Ashley, Kinney, Diana, Kirshenbaum, Jacqeline, Klein, Richard A, Lucas, Richard E, Lustgraaf, Christopher JN, Martin, Daniel, Menon, Madhavi, Metzger, Mitchell, Moloney, Jaclyn M, Morse, Patrick J, Prislin, Radmila, Razza, Timothy, Re, Daniel E, Rule, Nicholas O, Sacco, Donald F, Sauerberger, Kyle, Shrider, Emily, Shultz, Megan, Siemsen, Courtney, Sobocko, Karin, Sternglanz, R Weylin, Summerville, Amy, Tskhay, Konstantin O, van Allen, Zack, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Walker, Ryan J, Weinberg, Ashley, Wilson, John Paul, Wirth, James H, Wortman, Jessica, Nosek, Brian A, Ebersole, Charles R, Ebersole, Charles R, Atherton, Olivia E, Belanger, Aimee L, Skulborstad, Hayley M, Allen, Jill M, Banks, Jonathan B, Baranski, Erica, Bernstein, Michael J, Bonfiglio, Diane BV, Boucher, Leanne, Brown, Elizabeth R, Budiman, Nancy I, Cairo, Athena H, Capaldi, Colin A, Chartier, Christopher R, Chung, Joanne M, Cicero, David C, Coleman, Jennifer A, Conway, John G, Davis, William E, Devos, Thierry, Fletcher, Melody M, German, Komi, Grahe, Jon E, Hermann, Anthony D, Hicks, Joshua A, Honeycutt, Nathan, Humphrey, Brandon, Janus, Matthew, Johnson, David J, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A, Juzeler, Hannah, Keres, Ashley, Kinney, Diana, Kirshenbaum, Jacqeline, Klein, Richard A, Lucas, Richard E, Lustgraaf, Christopher JN, Martin, Daniel, Menon, Madhavi, Metzger, Mitchell, Moloney, Jaclyn M, Morse, Patrick J, Prislin, Radmila, Razza, Timothy, Re, Daniel E, Rule, Nicholas O, Sacco, Donald F, Sauerberger, Kyle, Shrider, Emily, Shultz, Megan, Siemsen, Courtney, Sobocko, Karin, Sternglanz, R Weylin, Summerville, Amy, Tskhay, Konstantin O, van Allen, Zack, Vaughn, Leigh Ann, Walker, Ryan J, Weinberg, Ashley, Wilson, John Paul, Wirth, James H, Wortman, Jessica, and Nosek, Brian A
Abstract: The university participant pool is a key resource for behavioral research, and data quality is believed to vary over the course of the academic semester. This crowdsourced project examined time of semester variation in 10 known effects, 10 individual differences, and 3 data quality indicators over the course of the academic semester in 20 participant pools (N = 2696) and with an online sample (N = 737). Weak time of semester effects were observed on data quality indicators, participant sex, and a few individual differences—conscientiousness, mood, and stress. However, there was little evidence for time of semester qualifying experimental or correlational effects. The generality of this evidence is unknown because only a subset of the tested effects demonstrated evidence for the original result in the whole sample. Mean characteristics of pool samples change slightly during the semester, but these data suggest that those changes are mostly irrelevant for detecting effects.
Published: 2016

39. Examination of affective and cognitive interference in schizophrenia and relation to symptoms.

Author: Martin, Elizabeth A, Martin, Elizabeth A, Becker, Theresa M, Cicero, David C, Kerns, John G, Martin, Elizabeth A, Martin, Elizabeth A, Becker, Theresa M, Cicero, David C, and Kerns, John G
Abstract: The nature of emotion deficits in schizophrenia and anhedonia is still unclear, and understanding the nature of these deficits could help improve treatment of chronic symptoms and functional disability. An important mechanism in emotional functioning is attention to affective information. People with schizophrenia (n = 48) and a nonpsychiatric comparison group (n = 28) completed an affective interference task, a task used to assess attention to affective information. Given that the affective interference task also involves prepotent response inhibition, participants also completed a very similar, but nonaffective, cognitive interference task that involves prepotent inhibition but does not require attention to affective information. Results revealed that people with schizophrenia exhibited decreased affective interference on trials with a shorter length of time between the onset of the cue and onset of the target but increased cognitive interference at all time lengths between the cue and target onsets used in the study. In addition, decreased affective interference was associated with increased anhedonia and increased reports of wanting to ignore positive emotions. In contrast, increased cognitive interference was associated with increased communication disturbances and alogia. Overall, these results suggest that there may be a decrease in attention to affective information in schizophrenia and that affective interference is related to anhedonia. At the same time, these results provide further evidence of cognitive control prepotent inhibition deficits in schizophrenia, which are related to communication disturbances and alogia.
Published: 2013

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