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Fudong Rao, 1,* Zongjie Wang, 2,* Xijuan Chen, 3 Linwei Liu, 4 Bin Qian, 1 Yanhua Guo 4 1Department of Anesthesiology, People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nephrology, Hematology and Pediatrics, People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Bin QianDepartment of Anesthesiology, People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 602, Middle of Bayiqi Road, Fuzhou, 350004, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-158800 5016Fax +86-591-86250061Email 1547945960@qq.comYanhua GuoDepartment of Anesthesiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No. 134, Dongjie, Fuzhou, 350001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-8050333902Fax +86-591-88217841Email guoyanhua19@126.comPurpose: Ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) has become increasingly popular for postoperative analgesia after breast surgery. We designed this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to test the hypothesis that TPVB is superior to placebo in improving the patient quality of recovery following modified radical mastectomy.Patients and Methods: Sixty-eight female patients undergoing elective unilateral modified radical mastectomy were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive preoperative ultrasound-guided TPVB with 0.5% ropivacaine (TPVB group, n=34) or 0.9% saline (Control group, n=34). The primary outcome w