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Cognitive Language Processing (CLP), situated at the intersection of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and cognitive science, plays a progressively pivotal role in the domains of artificial intelligence, cognitive intelligence, and brain science. Among the essential areas of investigation in CLP, Cognitive Signal Decoding (CSD) has made remarkable achievements, yet there still exist challenges related to insufficient global dynamic representation capability and deficiencies in multi-domain feature integration. In this paper, we introduce a novel paradigm for CLP referred to as Disentangled Frequency-Spatial-Temporal Attention(D-FaST). Specifically, we present an novel cognitive signal decoder that operates on disentangled frequency-space-time domain attention. This decoder encompasses three key components: frequency domain feature extraction employing multi-view attention, spatial domain feature extraction utilizing dynamic brain connection graph attention, and temporal feature extraction relying on local time sliding window attention. These components are integrated within a novel disentangled framework. Additionally, to encourage advancements in this field, we have created a new CLP dataset, MNRED. Subsequently, we conducted an extensive series of experiments, evaluating D-FaST's performance on MNRED, as well as on publicly available datasets including ZuCo, BCIC IV-2A, and BCIC IV-2B. Our experimental results demonstrate that D-FaST outperforms existing methods significantly on both our datasets and traditional CSD datasets including establishing a state-of-the-art accuracy score 78.72% on MNRED, pushing the accuracy score on ZuCo to 78.35%, accuracy score on BCIC IV-2A to 74.85% and accuracy score on BCIC IV-2B to 76.81%., Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures. Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems

Persistent nonequilibrium effects such as the memory of the initial state, the ballistic diffusion, and the break of the equipartition theorem and the ergodicity in Brownian motions are investigated by analytically solving the generalized Langevin equation of nonrelativistic Brownian particles with colored noise. These effects can also be observed in the Brownian motion of relativistic particles by numerically solving the generalized Langevin equation for specially chosen memory kernels. Our analyses give rise to think about the possible anomalous motion of heavy quarks in relativistic heavy-ion collisions., Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, title changed, two figues added, one figure updated, text updated, references added, results unchanged, published version

The rhizosheath is a belowground area that acts as a communication hub at the root–soil interface to promote water and nutrient acquisition. Certain crops, such as white lupin (Lupinus albus), acquire large amounts of phosphorus (P), owing partially to exudation of acid phosphatases (APases). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria also increase soil P availability. However, potential synergistic effects of root APases and rhizosheath-associated microbiota on P acquisition require further research. In this study, we investigated the roles of root purple APases (PAPs) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in rhizosheath formation and P acquisition under conditions of soil drying (SD) and P treatment (+P: soil with P fertilizer; –P: soil without fertilizer). We expressed purple acid phosphatase12 (LaPAP12) in white lupin and rice (Oryza sativa) plants and analyzed the rhizosheath-associated microbiome. Increased or heterologous LaPAP12 expression promoted APase activity and rhizosheath formation, resulting in increased P acquisition mainly under SD–P conditions. It also increased the abundance of members of the genus Bacillus in the rhizosheath-associated microbial communities of white lupin and rice. We isolated a phosphate-solubilizing, auxin-producing Bacillus megaterium strain from the rhizosheath of white lupin and used this to inoculate white lupin and rice plants. Inoculation promoted rhizosheath formation and P acquisition, especially in plants with increased LaPAP12 expression and under SD–P conditions, suggesting a functional role of the bacteria in alleviating P deficit stress via rhizosheath formation. Together, our results suggest a synergistic enhancing effect of LaPAP12 and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on rhizosheath formation and P acquisition under SD–P conditions.

A history of chronic cigarette smoking is known to increase risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the corresponding risks associated with chronic e-cigarette use are largely unknown. The chromosomal fragile site gene, WWOX, is highly susceptible to genotoxic stress from environmental exposures and thus an interesting candidate gene for the study of exposure-related lung disease. Lungs harvested from current versus former/never-smokers exhibited a 47% decrease in WWOX mRNA levels. Exposure to nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapor resulted in an average 57% decrease in WWOX mRNA levels relative to vehicle-treated controls. In separate studies, endothelial (EC)-specific WWOX knockout (KO) versus WWOX flox control mice were examined under ARDS-producing conditions. EC WWOX KO mice exhibited significantly greater levels of vascular leak and histologic lung injury. ECs were isolated from digested lungs of untreated EC WWOX KO mice using sorting by flow cytometry for CD31+ CD45-cells. These were grown in culture, confirmed to be WWOX deficient by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and analyzed by electric cell impedance sensing as well as an FITC dextran transwell assay for their barrier properties during methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or LPS exposure. WWOX KO ECs demonstrated significantly greater declines in barrier function relative to cells from WWOX flox controls during either methicillin-resistant S. aureus or LPS treatment as measured by both electric cell impedance sensing and the transwell assay. The increased risk for ARDS observed in chronic smokers may be mechanistically linked, at least in part, to lung WWOX downregulation, and this phenomenon may also manifest in the near future in chronic users of e-cigarettes.

Silicon is one of the most promising anode material for lithium ion batteries in the future, since it has largest theoretical capacity. However, the capacity fading which results from volume expansion and unstable SEI prevent it from industrial application. In this thesis, we used high energy ball milling method to get Si nanoparticles efficiently with low cost to enhance their capacity. These Si nanoparticles were also composited with graphite to increase their capacity but not influence their cycling performance. In order to deal with their volume expansion, a carbon structure based on crosslinked polymer is designed. It proves that this carbon structure can largely improve their capacity and cycling performance. After 100 cycles, it can still have a capacity of 1051mAh/g.

Silicon is one of the most promising anode material for lithium ion batteries in the future, since it has largest theoretical capacity. However, the capacity fading which results from volume expansion and unstable SEI prevent it from industrial application. In this thesis, we used high energy ball milling method to get Si nanoparticles efficiently with low cost to enhance their capacity. These Si nanoparticles were also composited with graphite to increase their capacity but not influence their cycling performance. In order to deal with their volume expansion, a carbon structure based on crosslinked polymer is designed. It proves that this carbon structure can largely improve their capacity and cycling performance. After 100 cycles, it can still have a capacity of 1051mAh/g.

Yifei Zhu,1,* Tiange Wang,2,* Jiayi Wu,1 Ou Huang,1 Li Zhu,1 Jianrong He,1 Yafen Li,1 Weiguo Chen,1 Xiaosong Chen,1 Kunwei Shen1 1Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaosong Chen; Kunwei ShenComprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail chenxiaosong0156@hotmail.com kwshen@medmail.com.cnBackground: The interplay between biomarkers of insulin and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in the context of breast cancer risk is unclear.Methods: We measured the concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, IGF1, and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and calculated the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and the IGF1/IGFBP3 ratio among 2536 patients with breast cancer and 2528 patients with benign breast disease recruited from Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China, between 2012 and 2017.Results: Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for breast cancer associated with the highest quartiles versus the lowest quartiles of insulin and IGF factors were 1.45 (95% CI, 1.20– 1.75) for insulin, 1.32 (1.08– 1.60) for C-peptide, 1.53 (1.26– 1.85) for HOMA-IR, and 1.27 (1.05– 1.53) for IGF1; these associations did not differ substantially across stratifications of age, body mass index, age at menarche, or menopausal status (all P for interaction > 0.05). In the joint analysis, the highest quartile of IGF1 was associated with the greatest risk of breast cancer in the highest quartiles of insulin (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.29– 2.44), C-peptide (1.60; 1.17– 2.

BackgroundAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with a strong genetic predisposition. A major challenge for candidate gene association studies in asthma is the selection of biologically relevant genes.Methodology/principal findingsUsing epithelial RNA expression arrays, HapMap allele frequency variation, and the literature, we identified six possible candidate susceptibility genes for childhood asthma including ADCY2, DNAH5, KIF3A, PDE4B, PLAU, SPRR2B. To evaluate these genes, we compared the genotypes of 194 predominantly tagging SNPs in 790 asthmatic, allergic and non-allergic children. We found that SNPs in all six genes were nominally associated with asthma (p<0.05) in our discovery cohort and in three independent cohorts at either the SNP or gene level (p<0.05). Further, we determined that our selection approach was superior to random selection of genes either differentially expressed in asthmatics compared to controls (p = 0.0049) or selected based on the literature alone (p = 0.0049), substantiating the validity of our gene selection approach. Importantly, we observed that 7 of 9 SNPs in the KIF3A gene more than doubled the odds of asthma (OR = 2.3, p<0.0001) and increased the odds of allergic disease (OR = 1.8, p<0.008). Our data indicate that KIF3A rs7737031 (T-allele) has an asthma population attributable risk of 18.5%. The association between KIF3A rs7737031 and asthma was validated in 3 independent populations, further substantiating the validity of our gene selection approach.Conclusions/significanceOur study demonstrates that KIF3A, a member of the kinesin superfamily of microtubule associated motors that are important in the transport of protein complexes within cilia, is a novel candidate gene for childhood asthma. Polymorphisms in KIF3A may in part be responsible for poor mucus and/or allergen clearance from the airways. Furthermore, our study provides a promising framework for the identification and evaluation of novel candidate susc

BackgroundAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with a strong genetic predisposition. A major challenge for candidate gene association studies in asthma is the selection of biologically relevant genes.Methodology/principal findingsUsing epithelial RNA expression arrays, HapMap allele frequency variation, and the literature, we identified six possible candidate susceptibility genes for childhood asthma including ADCY2, DNAH5, KIF3A, PDE4B, PLAU, SPRR2B. To evaluate these genes, we compared the genotypes of 194 predominantly tagging SNPs in 790 asthmatic, allergic and non-allergic children. We found that SNPs in all six genes were nominally associated with asthma (p<0.05) in our discovery cohort and in three independent cohorts at either the SNP or gene level (p<0.05). Further, we determined that our selection approach was superior to random selection of genes either differentially expressed in asthmatics compared to controls (p = 0.0049) or selected based on the literature alone (p = 0.0049), substantiating the validity of our gene selection approach. Importantly, we observed that 7 of 9 SNPs in the KIF3A gene more than doubled the odds of asthma (OR = 2.3, p<0.0001) and increased the odds of allergic disease (OR = 1.8, p<0.008). Our data indicate that KIF3A rs7737031 (T-allele) has an asthma population attributable risk of 18.5%. The association between KIF3A rs7737031 and asthma was validated in 3 independent populations, further substantiating the validity of our gene selection approach.Conclusions/significanceOur study demonstrates that KIF3A, a member of the kinesin superfamily of microtubule associated motors that are important in the transport of protein complexes within cilia, is a novel candidate gene for childhood asthma. Polymorphisms in KIF3A may in part be responsible for poor mucus and/or allergen clearance from the airways. Furthermore, our study provides a promising framework for the identification and evaluation of novel candidate susc

This study examines the performance of digital ink-jet printing on cationized cotton treated with polyepichlorohydrin-dimethylamine (PECH-amine). The results show that the color yield of ink-jet printing with reactive inks on cationic modified cotton is much greater than that on untreated cotton. The effect on the increase of color yield by cationic modification is greater than that by preparation with alkali, urea, and thickener. The reason for this is that introducing positively charged sites increases dye uptake and dye fixation on cationized cotton. The results also show that cationic modification with PECH-amine decreases the rub fastness but increases the wash fastness of the treated cotton.

We treat naturally pigmented karakul wool with a surface modification system of chlorination and catalytic bleaching, then examine its structure and properties. SEM photos reveal the surface morphology of karakul wool, and the Allworden reaction shows the extent of damage to the epicuticle. The results show that the surface modification removes the bulk of the fiber scales and bleaching increases fiber whiteness. After bleaching, the felting propensity of karakul wool improves slightly and its dye uptake decreases. For modified and bleached karakul wool, the felting propensity decreases, the dyeing rate increases, and equilibrium exhaustion decreases compared with untreated karakul wool.