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Aviation researchers have only recently started to study factors not individually, but rather by combining their effects. A gap has been identified following a comprehensive review of the literature on trust and the combined traits of communication and trust in aviation maintenance. This research examines two preconditions of human error in aviation maintenance, communication and trust, and explores the way these are linked. Trust within different aspects of maintenance practice (interpersonal trust, trust towards technology, initial levels of trust) is presented and analysed, as well as examined as a prerequisite of effective communication. The aim of this study is to address the identified gap by investigating the existence of communication and trust in real life aviation maintenance occurrences. A Communication and Trust Question Set, comprising of questionnaires used in other industries, was devised to measure the relationship of communication and trust among aviation maintenance employees belonging to various groups. A thorough content analysis was performed in representative accident and incident investigation reports to identify the co-existence of communication and trust as preconditions in aviation maintenance occurrences. The results indicated that both communication and trust had a contribution to all maintenance occurrences and were prevalent issues in the reports examined. In addition, the content analysis method was applied to the aviation maintenance human factors training curriculum and material (coursebooks) used within the European Aviation Safety Agency regulatory framework. This analysis revealed the indirect existence of trust in the curriculum and the coursebooks, without direct mention to these factors. Based on indications that, in concert with trust, communication can also influence the detection of failures during aviation maintenance practice, an industry survey was conducted. This survey was conducted on 271 aviation maintenance professio