Search

Cestodes of the family Anoplocephalidae parasitize a wide range of usually herbivorous hosts including e.g. rodents, ungulates, primates, elephants and hyraxes. While in some hosts, the epidemiology of the infection is well studied, information is lacking in others. In this study of mountain gorillas in the Virunga Massif, an extensive sample set comprising adult cestodes collected via necropsies, proglottids shed in feces, and finally, fecal samples from both night nests and identified individuals were analysed. Anoplocephala gorillae was the dominant cestode species detected in night nest samples and individually known gorillas, of which only 1 individual hosted a Bertiella sp. It was shown that the 2 species can be distinguished through microscopy based on egg morphology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for diagnostics of both species were provided. Sequences of mitochondrial (cox 1) and nuclear (ITS1, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA) markers were used to evaluate the phylogenetic position of the 2 cestodes detected in mountain gorillas. Both types of fecal samples, from night nests and from identified individuals, provided comparable information about the prevalence of anoplocephalid cestodes, although the analysis of samples collected from identified gorilla individuals showed significant intra-individual fluctuation of A. gorillae egg shedding within a short period. Therefore, multiple samples should be examined to obtain reliable data for wildlife health management programmes, especially when application of anthelmintic treatment is considered. However, while A. gorillae is apparently a common symbiont of mountain gorillas, it does not seem to impair the health of its host.

Hydatid disease is a neglected zoonotic parasitic disease caused by cysts of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Canids, especially domestic dogs, are definitive hosts of the parasite and are the most pragmatic targets for control programs. A governmental dog deworming campaign was established in 1979 to control hydatidosis in southern Chile, which succeeded in reducing the prevalence of canine echinococcosis in Tierra del Fuego province from 68.4% (in 1978) to 1.2% (in 2002). In 2004, however, the program was dismantled to reduce costs, and since then, no follow-up echinococcosis monitoring has been conducted. We surveyed 356 domestic dogs and interviewed owners or workers at 45 ranches in Chilean Tierra del Fuego during the summer of 2015-2016. Faecal flotation was employed to detect Taeniidae eggs, and PCR was used to test faecal samples for Echinococcus granulosus. Taeniidae eggs and Echinococcus sp. DNA were detected in the faeces of 45.4% (147/324) and 6.9% (23/331) of dogs, respectively. Infrequent dog deworming and the presence of culpeo foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) were significant predictors of the prevalence of Echinococcus sp. DNA and Taeniidae eggs. Furthermore, the presence of introduced chilla foxes (Lycalopex griseus), the municipality, and several operational characteristics of ranches (number of sheep, frequency of sheep slaughter, number of dogs, frequency of removal of dog faeces, feeding of dogs with sheep viscera) were also predictive of the prevalence of Taeniidae eggs. Our findings reveal an ongoing risk of echinococcosis with pathogen maintenance in ranch dogs in Chilean Tierra del Fuego, and in the absence of adequate control programmes, there is a tangible risk of re-emergence of hydatid disease as a public health concern.

Even though the cetacean tapeworm Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum occurs in both cold and warm waters, human infections and final host occurrences have been confined to temperate areas in and near Japan. We recently obtained a strobila of this cestode that was excreted from a harbor porpoise accidentally caught offshore of Hokkaido of northern Japan. Genetic analysis of 28S rDNA and cox1 genes confirmed that the cestode was D. stemmacephalum. Our finding sets the northernmost record of D. stemmacephalum in the western Pacific, suggesting that the risk of human infections by this parasite in northern Japan deserves further attention.

Even though the cetacean tapeworm Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum occurs in both cold and warm waters, human infections and final host occurrences have been confined to temperate areas in and near Japan. We recently obtained a strobila of this cestode that was excreted from a harbor porpoise accidentally caught offshore of Hokkaido of northern Japan. Genetic analysis of 28S rDNA and cox1 genes confirmed that the cestode was D. stemmacephalum. Our finding sets the northernmost record of D. stemmacephalum in the western Pacific, suggesting that the risk of human infections by this parasite in northern Japan deserves further attention.

Even though the cetacean tapeworm Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum occurs in both cold and warm waters, human infections and final host occurrences have been confined to temperate areas in and near Japan. We recently obtained a strobila of this cestode that was excreted from a harbor porpoise accidentally caught offshore of Hokkaido of northern Japan. Genetic analysis of 28S rDNA and cox1 genes confirmed that the cestode was D. stemmacephalum. Our finding sets the northernmost record of D. stemmacephalum in the western Pacific, suggesting that the risk of human infections by this parasite in northern Japan deserves further attention.

Parasitic worms (helminths) with complex life cycles divide growth and development between successive hosts. Using data from 597 species of acanthocephalans, cestodes, and nematodes with two‐host life cycles, we found that helminths with larger intermediate hosts were more likely to infect larger, endothermic definitive hosts, although some evolutionary shifts in definitive host mass occurred without changes in intermediate host mass. Life‐history theory predicts parasites to shift growth to hosts in which they can grow rapidly and/or safely. Accordingly, helminth species grew relatively less as larvae and more as adults if they infected smaller intermediate hosts and/or larger, endothermic definitive hosts. Growing larger than expected in one host, relative to host mass/endothermy, was not associated with growing less in the other host, implying a lack of cross‐host trade‐offs. Rather, some helminth orders had both large larvae and large adults. Within these taxa, however, size at maturity in the definitive host was unaffected by changes to larval growth, as predicted by optimality models. Parasite life‐history strategies were mostly (though not entirely) consistent with theoretical expectations, suggesting that helminths adaptively divide growth and development between the multiple hosts in their complex life cycles., Peer Reviewed

This review deals with helicomery, that is, the specific malformation of a spiral arrangement of segments and other serial structures. Helicomery was first described in annelid and arthropod body segments. However, corresponding patterns occur in arthropod appendages and other bilaterians with serially arranged body parts, such as tapeworms, nematodes, vertebrates, and probably chitons. The specifics of the spirals such as length, orientation, and handedness are described. Most spirals are dorsal and comprise only a few loops. Helicomery is formed by a shift of cells during development or in adults caused by changes in cell adhesion or mechanical impacts such as lesions. A model for the formation of helicomery is proposed, which is based on medieval church labyrinths. These complex spiral structures are derived from concentric lines by the shift of relatively few tiles. This principle of “small causes, great effect” also applies to “spiral segments,” because helicomery dissolves segmental patterns and questions the concept of segments as distinct structures. The widespread occurrence of helicomery in nonhomologous serial structures might indirectly indicate an underlying principle of seriality among Bilateria., Peer Reviewed

This review deals with helicomery, that is, the specific malformation of a spiral arrangement of segments and other serial structures. Helicomery was first described in annelid and arthropod body segments. However, corresponding patterns occur in arthropod appendages and other bilaterians with serially arranged body parts, such as tapeworms, nematodes, vertebrates, and probably chitons. The specifics of the spirals such as length, orientation, and handedness are described. Most spirals are dorsal and comprise only a few loops. Helicomery is formed by a shift of cells during development or in adults caused by changes in cell adhesion or mechanical impacts such as lesions. A model for the formation of helicomery is proposed, which is based on medieval church labyrinths. These complex spiral structures are derived from concentric lines by the shift of relatively few tiles. This principle of “small causes, great effect” also applies to “spiral segments,” because helicomery dissolves segmental patterns and questions the concept of segments as distinct structures. The widespread occurrence of helicomery in nonhomologous serial structures might indirectly indicate an underlying principle of seriality among Bilateria., Peer Reviewed

The northern fur seal (NFS), Callorhinus ursinus (Mammalia: Otariidae), is a marine mammal species included into the IUCN Red List as the vulnerable species which population is dramatically declining. A significant amount of parasitological data collected previously and our recent data allowed us to clarify the list of NFS metazoan parasites and to perform a comprehensive analysis of the gastrointestinal helminth community. Gastrointestinal tracts from 756 NFSs (3- to 4-year-old males) were collected during the annual Aleut subsistence harvests in July–August of 2011–2014 from five separate rookeries on St. Paul Island, Alaska. Totally, 27,625 specimens of helminths and approximately 1000 nasal mites were collected and identified. Detailed analysis of the previously published and newly obtained data revealed 32 species of metazoan parasites, including trematodes (6 species), cestodes (4), nematodes (9), acanthocephalans (9) and arthropods (4). The gastrointestinal helminth community of newly studied NFSs comprised 19 species including trematodes (4), cestodes (3), nematodes (5) and acanthocephalans (7). Temporal changes in the helminth community structure were small but statistically significant. Gastrointestinal helminth infracommunities comprised from 1 to 10 species (average of 4). Small but significant correlation was found between the abundances of acanthocephalans (Corynosoma similis and C. strumosum), nematodes (Contracaecum osculatum, Pseudoterranova spp.) and cestode Diphyllobothrium tetrapterum

The northern fur seal (NFS), Callorhinus ursinus (Mammalia: Otariidae), is a marine mammal species included into the IUCN Red List as the vulnerable species which population is dramatically declining. A significant amount of parasitological data collected previously and our recent data allowed us to clarify the list of NFS metazoan parasites and to perform a comprehensive analysis of the gastrointestinal helminth community. Gastrointestinal tracts from 756 NFSs (3- to 4-year-old males) were collected during the annual Aleut subsistence harvests in July–August of 2011–2014 from five separate rookeries on St. Paul Island, Alaska. Totally, 27,625 specimens of helminths and approximately 1000 nasal mites were collected and identified. Detailed analysis of the previously published and newly obtained data revealed 32 species of metazoan parasites, including trematodes (6 species), cestodes (4), nematodes (9), acanthocephalans (9) and arthropods (4). The gastrointestinal helminth community of newly studied NFSs comprised 19 species including trematodes (4), cestodes (3), nematodes (5) and acanthocephalans (7). Temporal changes in the helminth community structure were small but statistically significant. Gastrointestinal helminth infracommunities comprised from 1 to 10 species (average of 4). Small but significant correlation was found between the abundances of acanthocephalans (Corynosoma similis and C. strumosum), nematodes (Contracaecum osculatum, Pseudoterranova spp.) and cestode Diphyllobothrium tetrapterum

An annotated list of larvae (metacestodes) of gryporhynchid tapeworms (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from freshwater fishes in Africa is provided with numerous new host and geographical records. Newly collected materials from Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan and Zimbabwe practically double the total number of species reported from African fish so far. We confirm the occurrence of 16 species (five unidentified to the species level and most likely representing new taxa) belonging to the genera Amirthalingamia Bray, 1974 (1 species), Cyclustera Fuhrmann, 1901 (2 species), Dendrouterina Fuhrmann, 1912 (1 species), Neogryporhynchus Baer & Bona, 1960 (1 species), Paradilepis Hsü, 1935 (4 species), Parvitaenia Burt, 1940 (5 species), and Valipora Linton, 1927 (2 species). Additionally, metacestodes of four unidentified species of Paradilepis and Parvitaenia are reported from fish for the first time. Rostellar hooks of all species are illustrated and their measurements are provided together with a host-parasite list. The molecular phylogenetic analysis based on partial LSU rDNA sequences offers the first insight into the internal phylogenetic relationships within the family. Together with the morphological observations, the present study provides a taxonomic baseline for future studies on this largely neglected, but widely distributed and relatively frequent, group of parasites of African fishes, including economically important cichlids like tilapias and cyprinids

An annotated list of larvae (metacestodes) of gryporhynchid tapeworms (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from freshwater fishes in Africa is provided with numerous new host and geographical records. Newly collected materials from Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan and Zimbabwe practically double the total number of species reported from African fish so far. We confirm the occurrence of 16 species (five unidentified to the species level and most likely representing new taxa) belonging to the genera Amirthalingamia Bray, 1974 (1 species), Cyclustera Fuhrmann, 1901 (2 species), Dendrouterina Fuhrmann, 1912 (1 species), Neogryporhynchus Baer & Bona, 1960 (1 species), Paradilepis Hsü, 1935 (4 species), Parvitaenia Burt, 1940 (5 species), and Valipora Linton, 1927 (2 species). Additionally, metacestodes of four unidentified species of Paradilepis and Parvitaenia are reported from fish for the first time. Rostellar hooks of all species are illustrated and their measurements are provided together with a host-parasite list. The molecular phylogenetic analysis based on partial LSU rDNA sequences offers the first insight into the internal phylogenetic relationships within the family. Together with the morphological observations, the present study provides a taxonomic baseline for future studies on this largely neglected, but widely distributed and relatively frequent, group of parasites of African fishes, including economically important cichlids like tilapias and cyprinids

Analizirana je helmintofauna 127 primeraka slepih miševa na teritoriji Srbije. Sakupljene jedinke su pripadnici 12 vrsta slepih miševa: veliki potkovičar (Rhinolophusferrumequinum Schreber, 1774); tamnoliki brkati večernjak (Myotis mystacinus Kuhl, 1817); mali brkati večernjak (M. alcathoe Helversen & Heller, 2001); šumski brkati večernjak (M. brandtii Eversmann, 1845); južni veliki večernjak (M. oxygnathus Monticelli, 1885); evropski veliki večernjak (M. myotis Borkhausen, 1797); dugodlaki slepi mišić(Hypsugo savii Bonaparte, 1837); obični slepi mišić(Pipistrellus pipistrellus Schreber, 1774); šumski slepi mišić (P. nathusii Keyserling & Blasius, 1839); evropski smeđi dugoušan (Plecotus auritus Linnaeus, 1758); evropski sivi dugoušan (P. austriacus Fischer, 1829) i obični noćnik (Nyctalus noctula Schreber, 1774). Jedinke slepih miševa su sakupljane sa 15 lokaliteta na teritoriji Srbije: Deliblatska peščara, Zasavica, Valjevo, Beograd, Paraćin, Đerdap, Bor, Beljanica, Kučevo, Boljevac, Zaječar, Zlot, Medveđa, planina Tara i Ivanjica u periodu od 2001. do 2009 godine.Izolovano je ukupno 1642 jedinki parazita (787 jedinki metilja, 4 pantljičara i 851 nematoda), razvrstanih u 2 razdela, 1 podrazdel, 3 klase, 3 podklase, 1 nadred, 6 reda, 1 podred, 7 nadfamilija, 11 familija, 9 podfamilija, 12 rodova i 14 vrsta. Identifikovane vrste parazita su: Plagiorchis koreanus(Ogata, 1937), Mesotretes peregrinus (Braun, 1900), Lecithodendrium linstowi (Dollfus, 1931), Prosthodendrium longiforme (Bhalerao, 1926), P. chilostomum (Mehlis, 1831), P. parvouterus (Bhalerao, 1926), Milina grisea(van Beneden, 1873), Capillaria neopulchra (Babos, 1954), Molinostrongylus alatus(Ortlepp, 1932), Strongylacantha glycirrhiza (van Beneden, 1873), Physalopterasp., Litomosa ottavianii (Lagrange & Bettini, 1948), Rictularia bovieri (Blanchard, 1886) i Seuratum mucronatum (Rudolphi, 1809). Kvalitativna i kvantitativna analiza helmintofaune slepih miševa je prvi put rađena na području Srbije, te, The helminth fauna of 127 individuals of bats on the territory of Serbia was analyzed. The host samples consisted of 12 bat species: Greater Horseshoe Bat(Rhinolophus ferrumequinumSchreber, 1774); Whiskered Bat (Myotis mystacinusKuhl, 1817); Alcathoe Whiskered Bat (M. alcathoeHelversen & Heller, 2001); Brandt ’s Bat (M. brandtiiEversmann, 1845); Lesser Mouse-eared Bat (M. oxygnathusMonticelli, 1885); Greater Mouse-eared Bat (M. myotisBorkhausen, 1797); Savi ’ s Pipistrelle Bat (Hypsugo saviiBonaparte, 1837); Common Pipistrelle Bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus Schreber, 1774); Nathusius ’ Pipistrelle Bat (P. BathusiiKeyserling & Blasius, 1839); Brown Long-eared Bat (Plecotus auritusLinnaeus, 1758); Grey Long-eared Bat (P. austriacusFischer, 1829) and Noctule Bat (Nyctalus noctulaSchreber, 1774). Host semples were collected from fifteen localities throughout Serbia: Deliblato sands, Zasavica, Valjevo, Belgrade, Paraćin, Đerdap, Bor, Beljanica, Kučevo, Boljevac, Zaječar, Zlot, Medveđa, Tara mountain and Ivanjica in the period between2001 and 2009. A total of 1642 helminth individuals (787 individuals of digeneans, 4 cestodes and 851 nematodes) were collected from the hosts, classified into 2 phylas, 1 subphyla, 3 classes, 3 subclasses, 1 superorder, 6 orders, 1 suborder, 7 superfamilies, 11 families, 9 subfamilies, 12 generas and 14 species. Fourteen parasite species were identified: Plagiorchis koreanus(Ogata, 1937), Mesotretes peregrinus(Braun, 1900), Lecithodendrium linstowi(Dollfus, 1931), Prosthodendrium longiforme(Bhalerao, 1926), P. chilostomum(Mehlis, 1831), P. parvouterus(Bhalerao, 1926), Milina grisea (van Beneden, 1873), Capillaria neopulchra(Babos, 1954), Molinostrongylus alatus (Ortlepp, 1932), Strongylacantha glycirrhiza(van Beneden, 1873), Physalopterasp., Litomosa ottavianii(Lagrange & Bettini, 1948), Rictularia bovieri(Blanchard, 1886) and Seuratum mucronatum(Rudolphi, 1809). The qualitative and quantitativeanalysis of the helminth faun

Analizirana je helmintofauna 127 primeraka slepih miševa na teritoriji Srbije. Sakupljene jedinke su pripadnici 12 vrsta slepih miševa: veliki potkovičar (Rhinolophusferrumequinum Schreber, 1774); tamnoliki brkati večernjak (Myotis mystacinus Kuhl, 1817); mali brkati večernjak (M. alcathoe Helversen & Heller, 2001); šumski brkati večernjak (M. brandtii Eversmann, 1845); južni veliki večernjak (M. oxygnathus Monticelli, 1885); evropski veliki večernjak (M. myotis Borkhausen, 1797); dugodlaki slepi mišić(Hypsugo savii Bonaparte, 1837); obični slepi mišić(Pipistrellus pipistrellus Schreber, 1774); šumski slepi mišić (P. nathusii Keyserling & Blasius, 1839); evropski smeđi dugoušan (Plecotus auritus Linnaeus, 1758); evropski sivi dugoušan (P. austriacus Fischer, 1829) i obični noćnik (Nyctalus noctula Schreber, 1774). Jedinke slepih miševa su sakupljane sa 15 lokaliteta na teritoriji Srbije: Deliblatska peščara, Zasavica, Valjevo, Beograd, Paraćin, Đerdap, Bor, Beljanica, Kučevo, Boljevac, Zaječar, Zlot, Medveđa, planina Tara i Ivanjica u periodu od 2001. do 2009 godine.Izolovano je ukupno 1642 jedinki parazita (787 jedinki metilja, 4 pantljičara i 851 nematoda), razvrstanih u 2 razdela, 1 podrazdel, 3 klase, 3 podklase, 1 nadred, 6 reda, 1 podred, 7 nadfamilija, 11 familija, 9 podfamilija, 12 rodova i 14 vrsta. Identifikovane vrste parazita su: Plagiorchis koreanus(Ogata, 1937), Mesotretes peregrinus (Braun, 1900), Lecithodendrium linstowi (Dollfus, 1931), Prosthodendrium longiforme (Bhalerao, 1926), P. chilostomum (Mehlis, 1831), P. parvouterus (Bhalerao, 1926), Milina grisea(van Beneden, 1873), Capillaria neopulchra (Babos, 1954), Molinostrongylus alatus(Ortlepp, 1932), Strongylacantha glycirrhiza (van Beneden, 1873), Physalopterasp., Litomosa ottavianii (Lagrange & Bettini, 1948), Rictularia bovieri (Blanchard, 1886) i Seuratum mucronatum (Rudolphi, 1809). Kvalitativna i kvantitativna analiza helmintofaune slepih miševa je prvi put rađena na području Srbije, te, The helminth fauna of 127 individuals of bats on the territory of Serbia was analyzed. The host samples consisted of 12 bat species: Greater Horseshoe Bat(Rhinolophus ferrumequinumSchreber, 1774); Whiskered Bat (Myotis mystacinusKuhl, 1817); Alcathoe Whiskered Bat (M. alcathoeHelversen & Heller, 2001); Brandt ’s Bat (M. brandtiiEversmann, 1845); Lesser Mouse-eared Bat (M. oxygnathusMonticelli, 1885); Greater Mouse-eared Bat (M. myotisBorkhausen, 1797); Savi ’ s Pipistrelle Bat (Hypsugo saviiBonaparte, 1837); Common Pipistrelle Bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus Schreber, 1774); Nathusius ’ Pipistrelle Bat (P. BathusiiKeyserling & Blasius, 1839); Brown Long-eared Bat (Plecotus auritusLinnaeus, 1758); Grey Long-eared Bat (P. austriacusFischer, 1829) and Noctule Bat (Nyctalus noctulaSchreber, 1774). Host semples were collected from fifteen localities throughout Serbia: Deliblato sands, Zasavica, Valjevo, Belgrade, Paraćin, Đerdap, Bor, Beljanica, Kučevo, Boljevac, Zaječar, Zlot, Medveđa, Tara mountain and Ivanjica in the period between2001 and 2009. A total of 1642 helminth individuals (787 individuals of digeneans, 4 cestodes and 851 nematodes) were collected from the hosts, classified into 2 phylas, 1 subphyla, 3 classes, 3 subclasses, 1 superorder, 6 orders, 1 suborder, 7 superfamilies, 11 families, 9 subfamilies, 12 generas and 14 species. Fourteen parasite species were identified: Plagiorchis koreanus(Ogata, 1937), Mesotretes peregrinus(Braun, 1900), Lecithodendrium linstowi(Dollfus, 1931), Prosthodendrium longiforme(Bhalerao, 1926), P. chilostomum(Mehlis, 1831), P. parvouterus(Bhalerao, 1926), Milina grisea (van Beneden, 1873), Capillaria neopulchra(Babos, 1954), Molinostrongylus alatus (Ortlepp, 1932), Strongylacantha glycirrhiza(van Beneden, 1873), Physalopterasp., Litomosa ottavianii(Lagrange & Bettini, 1948), Rictularia bovieri(Blanchard, 1886) and Seuratum mucronatum(Rudolphi, 1809). The qualitative and quantitativeanalysis of the helminth faun

Lintwormen kunnen koliek veroorzaken, omdat ze zich in het nauwste deel van de darm vasthechten. Een lintworm-infectie komt voor bij paarden vanaf een halfjaar.

We identified and compared gross and microscopic lesions associated with the cestode, Parorchites zederi, in the digestive tracts of three species of penguins (Spheniscidae): the Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica), Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), and Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae). The gastrointestinal tracts of 79 recently dead individuals (71 chicks and eight adults) were collected in locations throughout the Antarctic Peninsula during summer field trips in 2006–09. Parorchites zederi was found in the small intestine of 37 animals (47%), and 23 (62%) of these had parasite-associated lesions. The cestodes were either free in the intestinal lumen, clustered within mucosal ulcers, or deeply embedded in the intestinal wall. Histopathologic changes were most severe in adult Gentoo Penguins and included transmural fibrogranulomatous enteritis, hemorrhage, and edema. This report of pathology associated with P. zederi in the digestive tracts of penguins can serve as reference to monitor health in Antarctic birds associated with environmental changes.

A checklist of tapeworms (Cestoda) of vertebrates (fishes, birds and mammals) in Finland is presented, based on published observations, specimens deposited in the collections of the Finnish Museum of Natural History (Helsinki) and the Zoological Museum of the University of Turku, and additional specimens identified by the present author. The checklist includes 170 tapeworm species from 151 host species, comprising 447 parasite species/host species combinations. Thirty of the tapeworm species and 96 of the parasite/host species combinations have not been previously reported from Finland. The total number of tapeworm species in Finland (170 spp.) is significantly lower than the corresponding figure for the Iberian Peninsula (257 spp.), Slovakia (225 spp.) and Poland (279 spp.). The difference between Finland and the other three regions is particularly pronounced for anseriform, podicipediform, charadriiform and passeriform birds, reflecting inadequate and/or biased sampling of these birds in Finland. It is predicted that there are actually ca. 270 species of tapeworms in Finland, assuming that true number of bird tapeworms in Finland corresponds to that in other European countries with more comprehensive knowledge of the local tapeworm fauna. The other main pattern emerging from the present data is the seemingly unexplained absence in (northern) Fennoscandia of several mammalian tapeworms that otherwise have extensive distributions in the Holarctic region or in Eurasia, including the northern regions. Previously unknown type specimens, that is, the holotype of Bothrimonus nylandicus Schneider, 1902 (a junior synonym of Diplocotyle olrikii Krabbe, 1874) (MZH 127096) and the syntypes of Caryophyllaeides fennica (Schneider, 1902) (MZH 127097) were located in the collections of the Finnish Museum of Natural History.

During the period of 2009 and 2010, 30 specimens of Dasypus novemcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from different regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with the objective of identifying the parasites that occurs in the Pampa Biome. Cestoda and Acanthocephala, were found in the intestine of six armadillos, which were identified as Mathevotaenia sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) and Centrorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala: Centrorhynchidae). Both parasites are recorded for the first time in nine banded armadillo in Brazil., Durante o período de 2009 e 2010 foram coletados 30 espécimes de Dasypus novemcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) oriundos de diversas regiões do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com o objetivo de identificar os parasitos desta espécie no Bioma Pampa. Durante a pesquisa foram encontrados helmintos da Classe Cestoda e do filo Acanthocephala parasitando o intestino delgado de seis tatus, os quais foram identificados como Mathevotaenia sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) e Centrorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala: Centrorhynchidae). Ambos parasitos são registrados pela primeira vez em tatu galinha no Brasil.

The quantitative and qualitative composition of the helminth fauna of 588 bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from the territory of Fruska Gora Mountain (Serbia) were analysed with the aim to determine if the species is a natural reservoir of any zoonotic infection. The presence of nine nematode and five cestodes species was detected. The following roundworm species were revealed: Capillaria murissylvatici (Dieseng, 1851, Nematoda: Capillariidae), Trichocephalus muris (Schrank, 1788, Nematoda: Trichuriidae), Heligmosomoides glareoli (Baylis, 1928, Nematoda: Heligmosomidae), H. polygirus (Dujardin, 1845), Heligmosomum mixtum (Schulz, 1954, Nematoda: Heligmosomidae), Aspiculuris tetraptera (Nitzsch, 1821, Nematoda: Oxyuridae), Syphacia petrusewiczi (Bernard, 1996, Nematoda: Oxyuridae), S. stroma (Linstow, 1884, Nematoda: Oxyuridae) and Rictularia proni (Seurat, 1915, Nematoda: Rictulariidae). Two species of adult tapeworms parasitized the bank vole: Catenotaenia henttoneni (Kirschenblatt, 1949, Cestoda: Catenotaeniidae) and Hymenolepis asymmetrica (Janicki, 1904, Cestoda: Hymenolepididae), and three in the larval stage: Taenia martes (Zeder, 1803, Cestoda: Taeniidae), Taenia polyacantha(Leuckart, 1856, Cestoda: Taeniidae) and Mesocestoides lineatus (Goeze, 1782, Cestoda: Mesocestoididae). The largest number of hosts was infected with Heligmosomoides glareoli and Catenotaenia henttoneni. In addition, three larval tapeworms important for veterinary science and medicine were recovered: Taenia martes, Tatratirotaeina polyacantha and Mesocestoides lineatus. For these, the bank vole is an important intermediate host. Given the fact that, up until now, the bank vole has not been researched for parasite fauna, it is a new host for all determined helminth species. The results obtained contribute to the knowledge on helminth fauna of rodents in Serbia, which was not thoroughly studied so far.

The quantitative and qualitative composition of the helminth fauna of 588 bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from the territory of Fruska Gora Mountain (Serbia) were analysed with the aim to determine if the species is a natural reservoir of any zoonotic infection. The presence of nine nematode and five cestodes species was detected. The following roundworm species were revealed: Capillaria murissylvatici (Dieseng, 1851, Nematoda: Capillariidae), Trichocephalus muris (Schrank, 1788, Nematoda: Trichuriidae), Heligmosomoides glareoli (Baylis, 1928, Nematoda: Heligmosomidae), H. polygirus (Dujardin, 1845), Heligmosomum mixtum (Schulz, 1954, Nematoda: Heligmosomidae), Aspiculuris tetraptera (Nitzsch, 1821, Nematoda: Oxyuridae), Syphacia petrusewiczi (Bernard, 1996, Nematoda: Oxyuridae), S. stroma (Linstow, 1884, Nematoda: Oxyuridae) and Rictularia proni (Seurat, 1915, Nematoda: Rictulariidae). Two species of adult tapeworms parasitized the bank vole: Catenotaenia henttoneni (Kirschenblatt, 1949, Cestoda: Catenotaeniidae) and Hymenolepis asymmetrica (Janicki, 1904, Cestoda: Hymenolepididae), and three in the larval stage: Taenia martes (Zeder, 1803, Cestoda: Taeniidae), Taenia polyacantha(Leuckart, 1856, Cestoda: Taeniidae) and Mesocestoides lineatus (Goeze, 1782, Cestoda: Mesocestoididae). The largest number of hosts was infected with Heligmosomoides glareoli and Catenotaenia henttoneni. In addition, three larval tapeworms important for veterinary science and medicine were recovered: Taenia martes, Tatratirotaeina polyacantha and Mesocestoides lineatus. For these, the bank vole is an important intermediate host. Given the fact that, up until now, the bank vole has not been researched for parasite fauna, it is a new host for all determined helminth species. The results obtained contribute to the knowledge on helminth fauna of rodents in Serbia, which was not thoroughly studied so far.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains an important health problem in many regions of the world, both where no control measures have been implemented, and where control programs have been incompletely successful with ensuing re-emergence of the disease. In Spain, official data on CE show an increase in the proportion of intermediate hosts with CE during the last few years, and autochthonous pediatric patients have been reported, a sign of active local transmission of disease. A similar picture emerges from data reported to the European Food Safety Authority by other European countries. Nevertheless, several crucial aspects related to CE that would help better understand and control the disease have not been tackled appropriately, in particular the emergence of infection in specific geographical areas. In this respect, while some data are missing, other data are conflicting because they come from different databases. We review the current situation of CE in Spain compared with areas in which similar problems in the CE field exist, and offer recommendations on how to overcome those limitations. Specifically, we believe that the introduction of national registries for CE with online data entry, following the example set by the European Registry for Alveolar Echinococcosis, would help streamline data collection on CE by eliminating the need for evaluating and integrating data from multiple regions, by avoiding duplication of data from patients who access several different health facilities over time, and by providing much needed clinical and epidemiological data that are currently accessible only to clinicians.

Over a 7-year period, parasites have been collected from 28 species of groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae) in the waters off New Caledonia Host-parasite and parasite-host lists are provided, with a total of 337 host-parasite combinations, including 146 parasite identifications at the species level Results are included for isopods (5 species), copepods (19) monogeneans (56), digeneans (28), cestodes (12) and nematodes (12) When results are restricted to those 14 fish species for which more than five specimens were examined and to parasites identified at the species level, 109 host-parasite combinations were recorded, with 63 different species, of which monogeneans account for half (32 species), and an average of 4 5 parasite species per fish species Digenean records were compared for 16 fish species shared with the study of Cribb et al (2002), based on a total of 90 parasite records identified at the species level, New Caledonia has 17 new records and only seven species were already known from other locations We hypothesize that the present results represent only a small part of the actual biodiversity, and we predict a biodiversity of 10 different parasite species and 30 host-parasite combinations per serranid A comparison with a study on Heron Island (Queensland, Australia) by Lester and Sewell (1989) was attempted of the four species of fish in common and in a total of 91 host-parasite combinations, only six parasites identified at the species level were shared This suggests strongly that insufficient sampling impairs proper biogeographical or ecological comparisons Probably only 3% of the parasite species of coral reef fish are already known in New Caledonia

Over a 7-year period, parasites have been collected from 28 species of groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae) in the waters off New Caledonia Host-parasite and parasite-host lists are provided, with a total of 337 host-parasite combinations, including 146 parasite identifications at the species level Results are included for isopods (5 species), copepods (19) monogeneans (56), digeneans (28), cestodes (12) and nematodes (12) When results are restricted to those 14 fish species for which more than five specimens were examined and to parasites identified at the species level, 109 host-parasite combinations were recorded, with 63 different species, of which monogeneans account for half (32 species), and an average of 4 5 parasite species per fish species Digenean records were compared for 16 fish species shared with the study of Cribb et al (2002), based on a total of 90 parasite records identified at the species level, New Caledonia has 17 new records and only seven species were already known from other locations We hypothesize that the present results represent only a small part of the actual biodiversity, and we predict a biodiversity of 10 different parasite species and 30 host-parasite combinations per serranid A comparison with a study on Heron Island (Queensland, Australia) by Lester and Sewell (1989) was attempted of the four species of fish in common and in a total of 91 host-parasite combinations, only six parasites identified at the species level were shared This suggests strongly that insufficient sampling impairs proper biogeographical or ecological comparisons Probably only 3% of the parasite species of coral reef fish are already known in New Caledonia

Over a 7-year period, parasites have been collected from 28 species of groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae) in the waters off New Caledonia Host-parasite and parasite-host lists are provided, with a total of 337 host-parasite combinations, including 146 parasite identifications at the species level Results are included for isopods (5 species), copepods (19) monogeneans (56), digeneans (28), cestodes (12) and nematodes (12) When results are restricted to those 14 fish species for which more than five specimens were examined and to parasites identified at the species level, 109 host-parasite combinations were recorded, with 63 different species, of which monogeneans account for half (32 species), and an average of 4 5 parasite species per fish species Digenean records were compared for 16 fish species shared with the study of Cribb et al (2002), based on a total of 90 parasite records identified at the species level, New Caledonia has 17 new records and only seven species were already known from other locations We hypothesize that the present results represent only a small part of the actual biodiversity, and we predict a biodiversity of 10 different parasite species and 30 host-parasite combinations per serranid A comparison with a study on Heron Island (Queensland, Australia) by Lester and Sewell (1989) was attempted of the four species of fish in common and in a total of 91 host-parasite combinations, only six parasites identified at the species level were shared This suggests strongly that insufficient sampling impairs proper biogeographical or ecological comparisons Probably only 3% of the parasite species of coral reef fish are already known in New Caledonia

Quantitative aspects of parasite communities of marine macrozoobenthonic crabs, as burrowing shrimp Callichirus seilacheri (Bott 1955) was not registered in South Pacific and Peru. For this reason, influence of size and sex of C. seilacheri, and evaluated period on its metazoan parasites was analyzed. Between November 1996 and January 2008, 1044 C. seilacheri acquired from Chorrillos, Lima, Peru, and necropsied to study their metazoan parasite. Of the burrowing shrimp collected, 571 were males and 473 females. Total length host mean was 10.62 ± 2.91 cm. Metazoan parasites were collected and registered employing standard procedures. Outer body surface, gill chamber, hemocoel, gut and hepatopancreas were examined. None parasite have three hundred forty and seven hosts. Showed infection with 1 parasite species, five hundred fifty and two hosts (52.9%), and with 2 parasite species forty-five had an infection (13.9%). Seven thousand seven hundred and fifty specimens in total during all the survey, with a mean abundance of 4.15 (1-67) were collected. The mean parasite species richness was 0.81 (1-2). Two parasites: Prochristianella hispida (Linton, 1890)(Cestoda) (hepatopancreas; prevalence = 32.8%; mean abundance = 0.92) and Clausidium vancouverense (Haddon, 1912) (Copepoda) (outer body surface and gill chamber; prevalence = 51.6%; mean abundance = 3.61) were survey. Abundance of infection of Parachristianella sp. and Clausidium vancouverense showed relation with size of C. seilacheri. Absence of association of size host with prevalence of infection of both parasites was found. Host sex only was found in dependence with prevalence of C. vancouverense. Prevalence and abundance of infection for both parasites showed variation during all period evaluated., Aspectos cuantitativos de las comunidades parasitarias de crustáceos del macrozoobentos marino, como la marucha Callichirus seilacheri (Bott 1955) no se conocen en el Pacífico Sur, ni en el Perú. Por esta razón, se analizó la influencia del tamaño y del sexo de C. seilacheri, y el periodo evaluado sobre sus metazoos parasitarios. Entre noviembre 1996 y enero 2008, 1044 C. seilacheri fueron adquiridos del Terminal Pesquero de Chorrillos, Lima, Perú, y necropsiados para investigar sus metazoos parásitos. De las maruchas evaluadas, 571 fueron machos y 473 hembras. La longitud del total promedio de los hospederos fue de 10,62 ± 2,91 cm. Los parásitos metazoos fueron recogidos y registrados empleando los procedimientos estándares. Se examinó la superficie corporal externa, cámara branquial, hemoceloma, intestino y hepatopáncreas. No tuvieron ningún parásito trescientos cuarenta y siete hospederos. Mostraron infección con un solo parásito quinientos cincuenta y dos hospederos (52,9 %) y tuvieron una infección con 2 especies de parásitos ciento cuarenta y cinco (13,9 %). Colectamos 7750 especímenes de parásitos, con una abundancia media total de 4,15 (1-67). El promedio de especies de parásitos fue 0,81 (1-2). Se censaron dos parásitos: Prochristianella hispida (Linton, 1890) (Cestoda) (hepatopáncreas; prevalencia = 32,8 %; abundancia media = 0,92) y Clausidium vancouverense (Haddon, 1912) (Copepoda) (superficie corporal externa y cámara branquial; prevalencia = 51,6 %; abundancia media = 3,61). La abundancia media de P. hispida y C. vancouverense mostró relación con el tamaño de C. seilacheri. La prevalencia de infección no se encontró asociada con el tamaño del hospedero para ninguno de los dos parásitos. El sexo del hospedero solo se encontró en dependencia con la prevalencia de C. vancouverense. La prevalencia y abundancia media de infección para ambos parásitos mostró variación durante el periodo evaluado.

Helminths of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus L.) from the Danube River were studied as a part of ichthyoparasitological research in Serbia. The fish were collected during the period of 2002 - 2003 along the Danube's course through the Belgrade region. A total of 517 specimens of sterlet of different ages (0+ to 1+) were examined. Helminths were found in 342 or 66.15% of the collected specimens. The examined fish yielded a total of 13 helminth species: four species of Trematoda, one species of Cestoda, four species of Nematoda, and four species of Acanthocephala., Tokom ihtioparazitoloških istraživanja proučeni su helminti kečige (Acipenser ruthenus L., 1758) u srpskom delu reke Dunav. Analiziran materijal prikupljen je tokom 2002. i 2003. godine na pet profila duž toka Dunava kroz beogradski region (1.124 - 1.173 km). Pregledano je ukupno 517 primeraka riba starosti od 0+ do 1+, a paraziti su nađeni kod 342 primeraka, što iznosi 66.15% od ukupnog broja ulovljenih riba. Pregledane jedinke zaražene su helmintima koji pripadaju grupama Trematoda (4 vrste), Nematoda (4 vrste), Acanthocephala (4 vrste) i Cestoda (1 vrsta). Naša istraživanja pokazuju da je veoma visok stepen inficiranosti kečiga Dunava na području Beograda helmintima i da su neophodna dalja istraživanja u cilju definisanja uloge ovih parazita u regulisanju gustine populacije ove vrste.

Quantitative aspects of parasite communities of marine macrozoobenthonic crabs, as burrowing shrimp Callichirus seilacheri (Bott 1955) was not registered in South Pacific and Peru. For this reason, influence of size and sex of C. seilacheri, and evaluated period on its metazoan parasites was analyzed. Between November 1996 and January 2008, 1044 C. seilacheri acquired from Chorrillos, Lima, Peru, and necropsied to study their metazoan parasite. Of the burrowing shrimp collected, 571 were males and 473 females. Total length host mean was 10.62 ± 2.91 cm. Metazoan parasites were collected and registered employing standard procedures. Outer body surface, gill chamber, hemocoel, gut and hepatopancreas were examined. None parasite have three hundred forty and seven hosts. Showed infection with 1 parasite species, five hundred fifty and two hosts (52.9%), and with 2 parasite species forty-five had an infection (13.9%). Seven thousand seven hundred and fifty specimens in total during all the survey, with a mean abundance of 4.15 (1-67) were collected. The mean parasite species richness was 0.81 (1-2). Two parasites: Prochristianella hispida (Linton, 1890)(Cestoda) (hepatopancreas; prevalence = 32.8%; mean abundance = 0.92) and Clausidium vancouverense (Haddon, 1912) (Copepoda) (outer body surface and gill chamber; prevalence = 51.6%; mean abundance = 3.61) were survey. Abundance of infection of Parachristianella sp. and Clausidium vancouverense showed relation with size of C. seilacheri. Absence of association of size host with prevalence of infection of both parasites was found. Host sex only was found in dependence with prevalence of C. vancouverense. Prevalence and abundance of infection for both parasites showed variation during all period evaluated., Aspectos cuantitativos de las comunidades parasitarias de crustáceos del macrozoobentos marino, como la marucha Callichirus seilacheri (Bott 1955) no se conocen en el Pacífico Sur, ni en el Perú. Por esta razón, se analizó la influencia del tamaño y del sexo de C. seilacheri, y el periodo evaluado sobre sus metazoos parasitarios. Entre noviembre 1996 y enero 2008, 1044 C. seilacheri fueron adquiridos del Terminal Pesquero de Chorrillos, Lima, Perú, y necropsiados para investigar sus metazoos parásitos. De las maruchas evaluadas, 571 fueron machos y 473 hembras. La longitud del total promedio de los hospederos fue de 10,62 ± 2,91 cm. Los parásitos metazoos fueron recogidos y registrados empleando los procedimientos estándares. Se examinó la superficie corporal externa, cámara branquial, hemoceloma, intestino y hepatopáncreas. No tuvieron ningún parásito trescientos cuarenta y siete hospederos. Mostraron infección con un solo parásito quinientos cincuenta y dos hospederos (52,9 %) y tuvieron una infección con 2 especies de parásitos ciento cuarenta y cinco (13,9 %). Colectamos 7750 especímenes de parásitos, con una abundancia media total de 4,15 (1-67). El promedio de especies de parásitos fue 0,81 (1-2). Se censaron dos parásitos: Prochristianella hispida (Linton, 1890) (Cestoda) (hepatopáncreas; prevalencia = 32,8 %; abundancia media = 0,92) y Clausidium vancouverense (Haddon, 1912) (Copepoda) (superficie corporal externa y cámara branquial; prevalencia = 51,6 %; abundancia media = 3,61). La abundancia media de P. hispida y C. vancouverense mostró relación con el tamaño de C. seilacheri. La prevalencia de infección no se encontró asociada con el tamaño del hospedero para ninguno de los dos parásitos. El sexo del hospedero solo se encontró en dependencia con la prevalencia de C. vancouverense. La prevalencia y abundancia media de infección para ambos parásitos mostró variación durante el periodo evaluado.

Parasitic helminthoses in domestic animals are triggered by causes originating from the classes: Trematoda (fiatworms), Cestoda (tapeworms) and Nematoda (roundworms), which are in most cases endoparasites. The big presence of different parasitoses in our country are a result of the geographic position and the climatic conditions of certain areas, large agglomerations of cattle in certain localities, an unsatisfactory level of zoohygienic conditions in cattle facilities and on pastures, a diet that is inadequate both in quality and in quantity, a low hygiene level of the diet and watering, limited areas for grazing and their poor quality, extensive maintend diet of the animals, the presence of corresponding vectors or transitory hosts, s a low professional and cultural level of cattle farmers. The prevention of parasitic infections and the fight against their causes implies the severing of the chain of the parasite's biological cycle during one of the stages of its development. That is why it is necessary to destroy the most sensitive ones and the most available development forms of the parasite. Under the conditions when the epizootiological situation in the field is changing unexpectedly, it is necessary to apply the adequate therapeutic methods and prophylaxis in veterinary medicine, and to conduct an organized and planned fight against parasitic infections., Veliku zastupljenost različitih parazitoza u našoj zemlji uslovljavaju geografski položaj i klimatski uslovi pojedinih područja, velike aglomeracije stoke na nekim lokalitetima, nezadovoljavajući nivo zoohigijenskih uslova u objektima za stoku i na ispustima, kvalitativno i kvantitativno neodgovarajuća ishrana, nizak higijenski nivo ishrane i napajanja, ograničene pasne površine i njihov slab kvalitet, ekstenzivan način držanja i ishrane životinja, prisustvo odgovarajućih vektora ili prelaznih domaćin, kao i nizak stručni i kulturni nivo stočara. Preveniranje parazitskih infekcija i borba protiv njihovih uzročnika podrazumeva prekidanje lanca biološkog ciklusa parazita u nekom od stadijuma njihovog razvoja. Zato je neophodno da se uništavaju najosetijiviji i u momenta tretiranja, najdostupniji razvojni oblici parazita. U uslovima kada se dinamika epizootiološke situacije na terenu neočekivano menja, neophodno je da se adekvatnom primenom metoda terapije i profilakse u veterinarskoj medicini sprovodi organizovana i planska borba protiv parazitskih infekcija.

Parasitic helminthoses in domestic animals are triggered by causes originating from the classes: Trematoda (fiatworms), Cestoda (tapeworms) and Nematoda (roundworms), which are in most cases endoparasites. The big presence of different parasitoses in our country are a result of the geographic position and the climatic conditions of certain areas, large agglomerations of cattle in certain localities, an unsatisfactory level of zoohygienic conditions in cattle facilities and on pastures, a diet that is inadequate both in quality and in quantity, a low hygiene level of the diet and watering, limited areas for grazing and their poor quality, extensive maintend diet of the animals, the presence of corresponding vectors or transitory hosts, s a low professional and cultural level of cattle farmers. The prevention of parasitic infections and the fight against their causes implies the severing of the chain of the parasite's biological cycle during one of the stages of its development. That is why it is necessary to destroy the most sensitive ones and the most available development forms of the parasite. Under the conditions when the epizootiological situation in the field is changing unexpectedly, it is necessary to apply the adequate therapeutic methods and prophylaxis in veterinary medicine, and to conduct an organized and planned fight against parasitic infections., Veliku zastupljenost različitih parazitoza u našoj zemlji uslovljavaju geografski položaj i klimatski uslovi pojedinih područja, velike aglomeracije stoke na nekim lokalitetima, nezadovoljavajući nivo zoohigijenskih uslova u objektima za stoku i na ispustima, kvalitativno i kvantitativno neodgovarajuća ishrana, nizak higijenski nivo ishrane i napajanja, ograničene pasne površine i njihov slab kvalitet, ekstenzivan način držanja i ishrane životinja, prisustvo odgovarajućih vektora ili prelaznih domaćin, kao i nizak stručni i kulturni nivo stočara. Preveniranje parazitskih infekcija i borba protiv njihovih uzročnika podrazumeva prekidanje lanca biološkog ciklusa parazita u nekom od stadijuma njihovog razvoja. Zato je neophodno da se uništavaju najosetijiviji i u momenta tretiranja, najdostupniji razvojni oblici parazita. U uslovima kada se dinamika epizootiološke situacije na terenu neočekivano menja, neophodno je da se adekvatnom primenom metoda terapije i profilakse u veterinarskoj medicini sprovodi organizovana i planska borba protiv parazitskih infekcija.

The parasite fauna of broad head catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) was determined through regular examination of cultured and wild-caught fish. Collection areas included hatchery, nursery and grow-out facilities in Iloilo Province, Panay Island, Philippines. The most prevalent parasite recorded was the monogenean Gyrodactylus sp. and the nematode Procamallanus planoratus. The obligate protozoan parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was recorded in hatchery-reared catfish that were maintained in raceways. This finding of I. multifiliis on C. macrocephalus represents a new host record. Other parasites recorded were the protozoan ciliates Trichodina sp. and Vorticella sp., the digenean Gauhatiana sp. and an immature cestode belonging to the order Caryophyllidea. Majority of these parasites are cosmopolitan in nature and its significance will continue to increase with the growth of aquaculture.

Verspreiding van de parasiet Echinococcus multilocularis in Nederland (Oost-Groningen en Zuid-Limburg), en de mogelijke gevaren voor mens en dier (ziekteverschijnselen), besmettingskans en besmettingsbronnen (o.a. huisdieren), en de mogelijke aanpak

De levenscyclus van de vossenlintworm en enige relativerende opmerkingen over de risico's op besmetting met deze darmparasiet in Nederland. De besmettingsgraad bij de vossen is veel lager dan in Centraal-Europa. Lokazen met een ontwormingsmiddel kunnen mogelijk de besmettingsgraad en daarmee het risico voor de mens nog verder beperken

Meercellige visparasieten: digene trematoden (diplostomum) en de cestoden (lintwormen) diphyllobothrium en ligula intestinalis

Between 1991 and 1995 fresh fecal samples from Iberian lynx (Lyns pardinus), wildcats (Felis sit­ vestris), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and other carnivore species were collected in two areas of central Spain for isolation of parasite eggs and larvae. Twenty-three gas­ trointestinal coccidia, cestoda and nematoda species were identified. Common ( 20% prevalence) species were Isospora fells, L rivolta, Ancylostoma spp., Toxascaris leonina, Toxocara call, Aelurostrongylus spp., and Physaloptera spp. for the wildcat, L felis, Taenia spp., Ancylostoma spp., T leonina, and Toxocara canis for the Iberian lynx, and I. canis, L vulpis, and Physaloptera spp. for the red fox. In contrast to the pattern found in most similar studies, the distribution of parasitic forms among individual hosts was not overdispersed. Differences in prevalence between host populations were only detected for Physaloptera spp. in the wildcat. Sexual differences in occurrence, prevalence and intensity were not found in any host. The number of parasite species per individual was significantly higher in adult than in subadult hosts, and negatively correlated with a rough index of host body con­ dition. The consistence of parasite species across samples of the same individual host taken at different times was low. In this paper we provide the first data on intestinal parasites for the rare Iberian lynx

Un inventaire du parasitisme aviaire chez les poules et les pintades en élevage villageois a été effectué de mai 1985 à avril 1987 dans le département de Niamey. Près de 1200 autopsies et examens hématologiques ainsi que 6000 coproscopies ont été faits. Le polyparasitisme interne est la règle dans les deux tiers des cas, avec des infestations assez faibles chez la poule, plus importantes chez la pintade. Les cestodoses sont fréquentes dans les deux espèces. La spirochétose, omniprésente, constitue un danger potentiel pour les élevages améliorés. Les ectoparasitoses sont surtout représentées par les argas et par la gale des pattes qui touche une poule sur dix

Un inventaire du parasitisme aviaire chez les poules et les pintades en élevage villageois a été effectué de mai 1985 à avril 1987 dans le département de Niamey. Près de 1200 autopsies et examens hématologiques ainsi que 6000 coproscopies ont été faits. Le polyparasitisme interne est la règle dans les deux tiers des cas, avec des infestations assez faibles chez la poule, plus importantes chez la pintade. Les cestodoses sont fréquentes dans les deux espèces. La spirochétose, omniprésente, constitue un danger potentiel pour les élevages améliorés. Les ectoparasitoses sont surtout représentées par les argas et par la gale des pattes qui touche une poule sur dix

A la suite de plusieurs enquêtes épizootiologiques effectuées au Sénégal, il a été possible d'établir un inventaire des helminthes parasites des bovins et de connaître la répartition géographique et l'importance économique des principales helminthoses du bétail. Les principales nématodoses sont les strongyloses digestives qui sévissent avec la plus grande gravité dans les zones sahélienne et soudanienne Nord ainsi que la thélaziose oculaire, particulièrement grave dans les zones soudanienne Sud et casamancienne. Le téniasis et la cysticercose musculaire sont les seules cestodoses rencontrées un peu partout au Sénégal, mais leur importance économique est faible. Les trématodoses les plus importantes sont la distomatose à Fasciola gigantica, la schistosomose et les paramphistomoses. Parmi elles, c'est la distomatose qui est la maladie la plus grave, surtout dans la région du Delta du Fleuve Sénégal et autour du Lac de Guiers et dans la région de Kolda, en Casamance. La schistosomose et les paramphistomoses, bien que plus largement répandues, ont une importance économique moindre. A partir de ces données, un programme d'intervention anthelminthique est réalisable pour l'ensemble du Sénégal

Cette étude passe en revue les cestodes de la famille des Diphyllobothriidae existant en Afrique, notamment en Afrique centrale et en Ethiopie. Deux espèces ont été inventoriées: - Diphyllobothrium pretoriensis Baer, 1924 (= Spirometra theileri (Baer, 1925) Opuni et Muller, 1974), - Diphyllobothrium theileri Baer, 1924 (= forme "Africa II" Opuni, Muller et Mueller, 1974). Elles diffèrent par leurs caractères morphologiques et biologiques. La première infeste les canidés et les hyaenidés et ses larves plérocercoïdes évoluent chez de nombreux vertébrés, à l'exclusion des batraciens et des reptiles. La seconde, très proche de Diphyllobothrium erinacei, Rudolphi, 1819 se voit principalement chez les félidés, plus rarement chez les canidés. Ses Sparganum se développent chez un grand nombre de vertébrés y compris les batraciens et les reptiles. L'auteur donne des renseignements sur la distribution géographique des deux espèces, leur rôle pathogène, leur mode de transmission, ainsi que sur l'importance de la Sparganose humaine en Afrique

Cette étude passe en revue les cestodes de la famille des Diphyllobothriidae existant en Afrique, notamment en Afrique centrale et en Ethiopie. Deux espèces ont été inventoriées: - Diphyllobothrium pretoriensis Baer, 1924 (= Spirometra theileri (Baer, 1925) Opuni et Muller, 1974), - Diphyllobothrium theileri Baer, 1924 (= forme "Africa II" Opuni, Muller et Mueller, 1974). Elles diffèrent par leurs caractères morphologiques et biologiques. La première infeste les canidés et les hyaenidés et ses larves plérocercoïdes évoluent chez de nombreux vertébrés, à l'exclusion des batraciens et des reptiles. La seconde, très proche de Diphyllobothrium erinacei, Rudolphi, 1819 se voit principalement chez les félidés, plus rarement chez les canidés. Ses Sparganum se développent chez un grand nombre de vertébrés y compris les batraciens et les reptiles. L'auteur donne des renseignements sur la distribution géographique des deux espèces, leur rôle pathogène, leur mode de transmission, ainsi que sur l'importance de la Sparganose humaine en Afrique

A la suite de plusieurs enquêtes épizootiologiques effectuées au Sénégal, il a été possible d'établir un inventaire des helminthes parasites des bovins et de connaître la répartition géographique et l'importance économique des principales helminthoses du bétail. Les principales nématodoses sont les strongyloses digestives qui sévissent avec la plus grande gravité dans les zones sahélienne et soudanienne Nord ainsi que la thélaziose oculaire, particulièrement grave dans les zones soudanienne Sud et casamancienne. Le téniasis et la cysticercose musculaire sont les seules cestodoses rencontrées un peu partout au Sénégal, mais leur importance économique est faible. Les trématodoses les plus importantes sont la distomatose à Fasciola gigantica, la schistosomose et les paramphistomoses. Parmi elles, c'est la distomatose qui est la maladie la plus grave, surtout dans la région du Delta du Fleuve Sénégal et autour du Lac de Guiers et dans la région de Kolda, en Casamance. La schistosomose et les paramphistomoses, bien que plus largement répandues, ont une importance économique moindre. A partir de ces données, un programme d'intervention anthelminthique est réalisable pour l'ensemble du Sénégal

Les nombreuses récoltes d'Acariens Oribates effectuées au Tchad depuis 1963 dans le but d'étudier la transmission du Cestode du mouton Stilesia globipunctata ont permis de rassembler quelques observations relatives à leur écologie. Vingt-trois espèces d'Oribates ont été récoltées en différents points des terrains du Laboratoire de Farcha, situé en zone sahélienne et dont les caractéristiques climatiques et botaniques sont brièvement rappelées. Les Oribates sont toujours obtenus en abondance tout au long de l'année, mais ils sont particulièrement nombreux en saison fraîche. Parmi les espèces dénombrées, quelques-unes seulement sont constamment rencontrées quels que soient la saison et le lieu; toutes les autres étant très faiblement représentées, voire même exceptionnelles. Après la saison des pluies, des études systématiques ont été réalisées dans un gisement particulièrement riche. A chaque heure de la journée et à trois niveaux différents ont été effectués des prélèvements. L'interprétation des résultats montre quelques aspects du comportement des espèces les plus abondantes. Un rapport étroit entre les densités et les mouvements des populations d'Oribates et les intensités d'infestations des moutons a ainsi été mis en évidence

Les auteurs étudient le pouvoir anthelminthique du Diacétate de plomb dibutyle à l'égard des formes adultes et des formes immatures des six principaux Cestodes aviaires rencontrés au Tchad (Choanotaenia infundibulum, Raillietina tetragona, Raillietina echinobothrida, Raillietina cesticillus, Hymenolepis carioca et Cotugnia digonopora). Ils recommandent une dose unique standard de 10 mg par tête, dose qui, pour des poulets de 250 à 1500 grammes est pratique, sûre et très efficace