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Background: Obesity in Mexico is an alarming problem that has been increasing in recent decades. Dietary factors make this pathology more common at younger ages and closely related to oral health. This study attempts to investigate the association between the oral health status of a Mexican population in the state of Yucatan and their dietary habits. Objective: This study explores the relationship between oral health-related quality of life and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a disadvantaged population in the state of Yucatan, Mexico. Methods: The research was conducted in July 2023 in Merida, Yucatan (Mexico). The sample consisted of 109 individuals aged between 4 and 72 years old. Data analysis focused on factors such as body mass index (BMI), oral health-related quality of life, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Results: A notable presence of caries is observed in individuals with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Correlation coefficient 0.040, p=0.682). This underscores the potential interaction between oral health, obesity, and dietary habits. The mean Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHIP-14Sp) score was 13.19 ±13.57, median 8.00. Conclusions: This research adds to the increasing evidence that highlights the significance of a balanced diet in enhancing the oral quality of life for people. More research is necessary to explore preventive measures and treatment to raise awareness about oral health within the community.

Background/Objectives: Managing caries lesions that affect the inner third of the dentin is crucial to ensuring pulp vitality; the clinician must make decisions that will affect the vitality of the tooth. Our purpose is to understand the behavior of Spanish dentists in treating deep cavities and to examine whether variations exist based on their academic training and/or years of professional experience. Methods: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Balearic Islands CEI-IB. A survey was conducted using the SurveyMonkey platform with 11 questions, the first 4 of which focused on defining the characteristics of the respondents. The following six concerned a clinical case of deep caries in tooth number 4.7, and the last regarded the opinion of the actual treatment of the case. The survey was sent by email in April 2022. The results were analyzed with the SPSS 29.0 program using the chi-square test. Results: A total of 347 responses were obtained (93.95%), and those surveyed stated that they apply minimal intervention concepts in their treatments, with 90.49% performing conservative dentistry treatments daily. A total of 56.48% of the respondents had bachelor’s degrees, 12.39% had graduated, 33.14% had a postgraduate degree, 38.90% had a master’s degree, and 17% had a doctorate. Most (40.63%) had been in professional practice for 16–30 years. Conclusions: Significant differences were identified regarding years of professional experience in terms of decision-making in methods of treatment and the choice of materials used for pulp protection. Likewise, significant differences were found regarding the academic training of the respondents, the cavity cleaning method selected, and the use of chemical substances for removing carious dentin. We can conclude that academic training and years of professional practice influence decision-making at some points in treating deep caries lesions.

La odontología social abarca factores sociales, económicos y culturales que intervienen en la salud bucodental de las personas y comunidades, a fin de establecer las mejores estrategias conjuntas, encontrar soluciones eficientes y efectivas a los problemas sanitarios, en este caso bucodentales. Paraguay es un país con un sistema de salud fragmentado, con escasa capacidad sanitaria, esencialmente las que están relacionadas con la salud social, donde la situación de la salud bucodental no se encuentra ajena a esta problemática. Es importante considerar que la salud dental comprende la capacidad de morder, masticar, sonreír, hablar, comunicar y transmitir emociones, a través de las expresiones faciales que fortalecen la autoestima; sin embargo, estas capacidades se constituyen en un problema que afecta principalmente a la población rural del país. Objetivo presentar las experiencias de vinculación con la comunidad a través de la odontología social - Departamento de Concepción. Estudio descriptivo, de fuente secundaria, cuantitativo, a partir del informe de atención a una población enfocada en 450 personas que asistieron voluntariamente, convocados a través de redes sociales, pertenecientes a instituciones de educación inicial y media, centros comunitarios, hogares geriátricos y otros actores sociales de comunidades rurales del Departamento de Concepción, a quienes se propuso aplicar un tratamiento dental por persona (niño o adulto), e instalar tecnologías educacionales que posibiliten intervenir asertivamente por medio de charlas y demostraciones interactivas los desafíos subyacentes con los problemas de salud bucal en el contexto social y económico de la comunidad a través del intercambio entre los profesionales españoles y paraguayos. El proyecto generó impacto positivo en la población académica y en los pacientes, ya que por un lado se cumplieron los objetivos de realizar campañas educativas en escuelas, centros comunitarios, hogares geriátricos y comunidades rurale, Social dentistry encompasses social, economic and cultural factors involved in the oral health of individuals and communities, in order to establish the best joint strategies and find efficient and effective solutions to health problems, in this case oral health problems. Paraguay is a country with a fragmented health system, with scarce sanitary capacity, essentially those related to social health, where the oral health situation is not alien to this problem. It is important to consider that dental health includes the ability to bite, chew, smile, speak, communicate and transmit emotions through facial expressions that strengthen self-esteem; however, these abilities are a problem that mainly affects the rural population of the country. Objective: To present the experiences of linkage with the community through social dentistry - Department of Concepción. A descriptive, secondary source, quantitative study, based on the report on the care provided to a population focused on 450 people who attended voluntarily, called through social networks, belonging to early and secondary education institutions, community centers, geriatric homes and other social actors in rural communities in the Department of Concepción, It was proposed to apply one dental treatment per person (child or adult), and to install educational technologies that make it possible to intervene assertively through lectures and interactive demonstrations on the challenges underlying oral health problems in the social and economic context of the community through the exchange between Spanish and Paraguayan professionals.The project generated a positive impact on the academic population and on patients, since on the one hand the objectives of carrying out educational campaigns in schools, community centers, geriatric homes and rural communities of the Department of Concepción de Paraguay were met, with educational actions on oral health, talks on oral hygiene, proper nutrition for dental health, dental care

Introduction: During the summer of 2019 and within the framework of a social dentistry program carried out in the low-income town of San Francisco de Macorís (Dominican Republic), a descriptive study was carried out on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), aiming to find out the oral health status of a population of children in the aforementioned Dominican city. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the oral health status of a child population and its relationship with the quality of life perceived by these children in the aforementioned population of San Francisco de Macorís in order to develop an specific oral health program taking into account not only the existing oral health status but also the perceptions and feelings of the child population in this regard. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on a representative sample of children who were examined on their oral health status, following WHO guidelines, by professionals from the University of Seville (Spain) together with professionals from private practice (USA) and students from the Universidad Católica Nordestana (UCNE, Dominican Republic). Likewise, the children’s parents voluntarily completed the Oral Quality of Life questionnaire COHIP-19 in its culturally adapted Spanish version. Results: For this purpose, 94 children with a mean age of 10.34 (SD 3.38) were observed in our study following WHO recommendations for oral health studies and evaluating OHQoL using the specific questionnaire validated in Spanish COHIP-19 in its short format (SF). The results show a state of oral health with a significant prevalence of caries (80.9%) and a DMFT of 1.70 (SD 1.90). The OHQoL perceived by these children shows that pain, bad breath or feeling sad because of the condition of their teeth were the factors with the worst evaluation score. Conclusions: The conclusion that mainly emerges from this study is that caries continues to be the main problem to be solved (more than other

1. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica para poder comparar el desarrollo radicular que se obtiene en dientes que han padecido necrosis pulpar y posterior revascularización frente a dientes que la mantienen, a pesar de haber sido tratados mediante pulpotomía cervical. 2. Metodología de búsqueda: Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed, en la que se encontraron, una vez introducidos los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, una serie de artículos, los cuales fueron cuidadosamente seleccionados por medio de su lectura y análisis completo. 3. Resultados y discusión: Entre los resultados encontrados en los artículos seleccionados, nos centramos en el desarrollo radicular de los dientes tratados con revascularización frente a los dientes tratados con pulpotomía completa. 4. Conclusiones: los dientes que son tratados con pulpotomía consiguen un desarrollo radicular, engrosamiento de las paredes y cierre apical, casi idéntico que el de los dientes adyacentes al paciente; sin embargo, estos resultados son más limitados en los dientes tratados con revascularización., 1. Objetives: The objetive of this work is to carry out a blibliographic review to be able to compare the root development obtained in teeth that have suffered pulpal necrosis and subsequent revascularization versus teeth that maintain it, despite having been trated by cervical pulpotomy. 2. Search methodology: A search was carried out in the PubMed database, in wich, once the inclusion and exclusion criteria had been entered, a series of articles were found, wich were carefully selected through their reading and analysis. 3. Results and discussion: Among the results found in the selected articles, we focused on the root development of teeth trated with revascularization compared to teeth treated with complete pulpotomy. 4. Conclusions: teeth that are treated with pulpotomy achieve root development, wall thickening and apical closure nearly identical to that of the patient´s adjacent teeth. However, these results are more limited in teeth treated with revascularization.

Objetivo: Analizar el papel que ocupa la tomografía computerizada de haz cónico y el microscopio operatorio dental como complemento, así como los factores que influyen en el uso de estos en el tratamiento endodóntico que es un tratamiento muy común en adultos. Método: El material científico se obtuvo de la base de datos, PubMed/Medline. Los operadores booleanos utilizados han sido “AND” y “OR” combinados con las palabras clave como ((microscopy OR “dental operating microscope”) AND (CBCT OR “conebeam computed tomography”)) AND endodontic. Resultados: El uso de la tomografía de haz cónico junto con el microscopio operatorio dental es fundamental para el diagnóstico preoperatorio y la planificación del tratamiento, tras analizar las diferentes anomalías anatómicas con las que nos podemos encontrar en dientes maxilares y mandibulares. Conclusiones: Hay buena concordancia entre el microscopio dental y la tomografía computerizada de haz cónico para identificar anomalías anatómicas que a través de métodos convencionales son muy difíciles de localizar en dientes maximilares y mandibulares.

Indigenous populations around the world experience a disproportionate burden of oral diseases and health conditions. These inequalities are likely due to a complex web of socioeconomic, cultural, and health determinants. The Baka pygmies of southern Cameroon find themselves in this context of an indigenous population with health inequities. The purpose of this study was to describe the oral health status, diet, hygiene habits, and access to health services of the Baka pygmy children, from which different care needs will emerge in order to develop health strategies. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 22 Baka pygmy camps randomly selected. The study population consisted of children aged 5–6 years and 11–12 years chosen by a consecutive sampling technique. The examination was performed using a data sheet based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and recommendations which consisted of an oral health questionnaire for children and an oral health assessment form for children. A total of 120 children participated in the study. Extraoral examination of the study population revealed the presence of noma (1%) in the age range of 5–6 years. A total of 2713 teeth were examined, and the DMFT/dft index of the sample was 0.71 with a predominant caries component. The periodontal status showed 87% bleeding on probing. Seven percent of the sample presented a need for immediate urgent treatment due to pain and/or infection. Eighty-seven percent of the sample reported never having been examined by a dentist. The examination and oral care they received was only from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The conclusion of this descriptive study is that the precarious oral health situation of pygmy children combined with the absence of care services in general for the Baka pygmies generate a situation of great vulnerability.

Numerous developing countries’ socioeconomic and political issues resulted in a significant migratory phenomenon, which poses a health burden for the nations that receive migrant populations. Often, the greatest age group of migrants is children and teens. Oral problems are one of the most common reasons that immigrants in the receiving nations visit the healthcare system. Cross sectional research was conducted on children and teenagers housed at the Temporary Stay Center for Immigrants (CETI) of the Autonomous City of Melilla (Spain) with the aim of identifying the state of the oral cavity of these group of migrants. Information on the condition of the research group’s oral cavity was gathered using the World Health Organization’s standards. The research comprised all of the children and teenagers who were enrolled in the CETI for a defined period of time. A total of 198 children were assessed. It was determined that 86.9% of the youngsters were of Syrian descent. There were 57.6% males and a 7.7 (±4.1) average age. The average caries index for children under the age of six was dft =6.4 (±6.3), and for children aged six to eleven, it was 7.5 (±4.8), taking into account both the temporary and permanent dentition, and for children aged twelve to seventeen, it was 4.7 (±4.0). A total of 50.6% of children between the ages of 6 and 11 needed extractions, compared to 36.8% of children under the age of 6. The population under study had a significant incidence of sextants where bleeding occurred during periodontal probing (mean 3.9 (±2.5)), according to an examination of the community periodontal index (CPI). It is crucial to study the oral cavity status of refugee children when designing intervention programs to improve their oral health and provide health education activities that favour the prevention of oral diseases.

Introduction: Glucocorticoids, also known as corticosteroids or steroids, are drugs derived from cholesterol. They are synthesized by the adrenal cortex, along with other hormones, such as cortisol and aldosterone. Glucocorticoids are drugs recommended for patients undergoing surgery on the oral cavity, facial skeleton, and related cervical structures due to their high efficacy against inflammatory and immune processes. However, these drugs are restricted due to their multiple and serious adverse effects. The objective of this study was to verify the efficacy of corticosteroids administered in major surgeries of the oral cavity, as well as of the cervical and facial structures, based on the characteristics of the patient so as to select the best therapeutic strategy. Methods: Articles in the databases of PubMed, Nature Portfolio, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were thoroughly examined. Results: A total of 54 articles were selected to address the proposed objectives. The results obtained show that it is effective and safe to use glucocorticoids as pre- or postsurgical therapy in oral and maxillofacial surgery to control the processes of inflammation, pain, lockjaw, and edema. However, when referring to the use of these drugs, one must proceed with caution and pay particular attention when handling them. The concentration of the glucocorticoids used must be individualized, as well as the selection of the route of administration. Various studies show that, although the oral route is the most used route, the most effective route is the intramuscular route due to its easy absorption. However, for patients who have recurrent inflammatory and vesiculobullous ulcerative lesions, the topical route should be chosen to mitigate side effects, considering that recurrent applications must be made to prevent the worsening of the lesion and to avoid having to use medications enterally. In patients with cervicofacial infections, antibiotics continue to be the main dru

With the objective of assessing the periodontal health status, treatment needs, and oral hygiene habits of the population of Mérida, in Mexico, a descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Four hundred forty individuals individually completed a questionnaire on oral health, oral hygiene habits, and quality of life. Additionally, a complete clinical dental examination was performed for each. For the statistical analysis, continuous variables (means and standard deviation) and categorical variables (frequencies) were studied. The associations were made using the analysis of variance test for continuous variables and the Chi-square test for categorical variables. The critical value to identify statistically significant differences was P < .05. The main concern of the population was the possible untreated caries they thought they had, with 36.21% followed by pain with 14.62%. Possible periodontal issues were the main discomfort for only 9%. The percentage of the sample that required periodontal intervention by a specialist was 21.14%. Statistically significant differences were found between age, place of residence, socioeconomic level, and schooling. There are great deficiencies in oral health in the studied group, which is accompanied by a great need for periodontal treatment. Periodontal health is closely related to oral hygiene, so the related sociocultural level should also be taken into account for the study of oral health in the most vulnerable populations. It is crucial to establish strategies to promote oral health.

Oral diseases are an important public health problem owing to their high prevalence and strong impact on people, particularly in disadvantaged populations. There is a strong relationship between the socioeconomic situation and the prevalence and severity of these diseases. Mexico is among the countries with a higher frequency range in oral diseases, highlighting dental caries, which affect more than 90% of the Mexican population. Materials and method: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study was carried out in 552 individuals who underwent a complete cariogenic clinical examination in different populations of the state of Yucatan. All individuals were evaluated after providing informed consent and with the consent of their legal guardians for those under legal age. We used the caries measurement methods described by the World Health Organization (WHO). Prevalence of caries, DMFT, and dft indexes were measured. Other aspects were also studied, such as oral habits and the use of public or private dental services. Results: The prevalence of caries in permanent dentition was 84%. Moreover, it was found to be statistically related to the following variables: place of residence, socioeconomic level, gender, and level of education (p < 0.05). For primary teeth, the prevalence was 64% and there was no statistical relation with any of the variables studied (p > 0.05). Regarding the other aspects studied, more than 50% of the sample used private dental services. Conclusions: There is a high need for dental treatment in the population studied. It is necessary to develop prevention and treatment strategies considering the particularities of each population, driving collaborative projects to promote better oral health conditions in disadvantaged populations.

Dental epidemiological studies are essential for analysing and evaluating the population’s health state and dental treatments provided, as well as for planning future oral health programme activities and interventions based on their findings. In order to determine the health condition of children and adolescents in connection to the prevalence of caries, caries indices (decayed and filled teeth (dft) for primary teeth and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) in permanent teeth) and periodontal indices (community periodontal index (CPI)), oral exams of children and adolescents aged 6, 12 and 15 from selected schools were conducted. To assess the achievement of the oral health objectives set for Spain in 2020, these data were compared with those acquired at the national level. At 6 years of age, 278 children were examined, the prevalence of caries was 55.6%, the dft index was 2.77 (±3.44), the DMFT was 0.19 (±0.16), the restorative index (RI) was 4.62%, and the significant caries (SiC) index was 8.40 (±2.07). At 12 years of age, 208 students were examined, the prevalence of caries found was 65.86%, the DMFT index was 1.85 (±2.22), the RI was 36.63%, the SiC index was 5.43 (±2.07), and children without the presence of periodontal pathology was 59.13%. At 15 years of age, 165 students were examined, the prevalence of caries was 70.06%, the DMFT was 3.08 (±3.39), the RI was 42.42%, the SiC index was 8.10 (±2.55), and adolescents without periodontal disease was 47.90%. Conclusions: Melilla-born children and adolescents had higher caries indicators and indices than the corresponding national averages for Spain. Teenagers under the age of 15 have a particularly high frequency of dental caries. The investigation of the children’s origin is where there is the most disparity. Children of Berber descent have much higher values than children of European heritage.

The Spanish gypsy community is widely integrated among the rest of the Spanish population due to a coexistence that dates back centuries. Despite this integration, they are at risk of marginalization, the child population clearly being a vulnerable group. In terms of social and health inequalities, ethnic minorities in general, and the gipsy minority in particular, in many cases do not achieve equity with the rest of the population. Regarding health in general and, more specifically, oral health, this fact can be perceived, although it has not been evidenced by any epidemiological study of oral health in the Andalusia region. Objective: Identify the oral health status through an epidemiological survey of the population of gipsy children in the city of Seville. Methods: The WHO (World Health Organization) criteria for oral health surveys were used in the study with children aged 6 to 13 years carried out in two Seville schools located in neighborhoods with a high percentage of gypsy population (Polígono Norte and Sur of the city of Seville). Results: The final sample consisted of 108 children in whom the DMF (decay-missing-filled index) for primary dentition was 5.0 + −3.1 for the 6–9 year-old age group and the DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) for the 10–13 year-old group was 4.5 + −3.3. The frequency of brushing was low, with a significant percentage of children not brushing their teeth (42.3%). The striking feature is that 26.9% of children had never visited the dentist despite their basic dental care being covered by the regional government. Conclusions: The children studied present high levels of caries compared to the rest of the Spanish population, as well as very low levels of oral hygiene. Given the lack of success of existing oral health programmes among this population, a different intervention is needed, taking into account the idiosyncrasies of the gipsy community

Oral diseases are an important public health problem owing to their high prevalence and strong impact on people, particularly in disadvantaged populations. There is a strong relationship between the socioeconomic situation and the prevalence and severity of these diseases. Mexico is among the countries with a higher frequency range in oral diseases, highlighting dental caries, which affect more than 90% of the Mexican population. Materials and method: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study was carried out in 552 individuals who underwent a complete cariogenic clinical examination in different populations of the state of Yucatan. All individuals were evaluated after providing informed consent and with the consent of their legal guardians for those under legal age. We used the caries measurement methods described by the World Health Organization (WHO). Prevalence of caries, DMFT, and dft indexes were measured. Other aspects were also studied, such as oral habits and the use of public or private dental services. Results: The prevalence of caries in permanent dentition was 84%. Moreover, it was found to be statistically related to the following variables: place of residence, socioeconomic level, gender, and level of education (p < 0.05). For primary teeth, the prevalence was 64% and there was no statistical relation with any of the variables studied (p > 0.05). Regarding the other aspects studied, more than 50% of the sample used private dental services. Conclusions: There is a high need for dental treatment in the population studied. It is necessary to develop prevention and treatment strategies considering the particularities of each population, driving collaborative projects to promote better oral health conditions in disadvantaged populations.

Quality of life is a parameter that not only evaluates clinical parameters, but also refers to the perception of the individual in his or hersociocultural context. It also refers to psychosocial aspects that have a very important impact on people’s lives. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) must also be considered when assessing oral health in any population for which an oral health program is to be developed. On this premise, and taking into account the precarious situation of refugee children housed in the Temporary Center for Migrants (CETI) in Melilla (Spain), a study was conducted to assess the oral health and OHRQoLofthechildren housed in the aforementioned facility. For this purpose, the 120 children in care at the time of the study underwent a basic epidemiological examination according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), and their OHRQoLwasassessed using the specific OHIP-14 questionnaire. The results show a state of oral health with a high caries prevalence (95%), high DMFT, and dft indices for the studied population. The oral health-related quality of life perceived by these children shows that pain and psychological discomfort are the areas rated worst by them. Thus, it is concluded that it is important to implement specific oral health programs for this population, based on caries prevention and pain management, which must also take into account the psychological and sociocultural aspects that have accompanied their lives.

Elderly patients have a high incidence of falls that result in facial injuries. Many cases present with dental crown fractures and soft-tissue lacerations. The initial diagnosis is especially important in this type of dental trauma, since an initial error can result in the failure to establish the correct treatment from the very beginning, worsening the prognosis, which, in the worst case, can compromise the teeth affected by the trauma. Case report: We present the case of a patient, a 79-year-old woman, who suffered an accidental fall. The patient was examined by a dentist in the emergency room. She was diagnosed with a simple crown fracture of the right upper central incisor and right upper lateral incisor without any pulpal involvement and with laceration of the lower lip. Months later, she had an episode of inflammation in the lower lip, and she developed edema and pain. An X-ray of the lower lip revealed a radiopaque mass compatible with a fragment of dental tissue due to the inclusion of remnants of the dental tissue resulting from the previous accident fall. Conclusions: The population of geriatric patients is steadily increasing in our society, and a higher frequency of falls has been observed in this age group, affecting the maxillofacial region, with consequent dental trauma on many occasions. Therefore, as professionals, we must pay special attention to the prevention and treatment of this problem, insisting on the importance of routine investigation in the emergency visit for dental trauma, which includes a meticulous examination of the soft tissues accompanied by a radiographic examination, when the inclusion of foreign bodies is suspected.

Indigenous populations around the world experience a disproportionate burden of oral diseases and health conditions. These inequalities are likely due to a complex web of socioeconomic, cultural, and health determinants. The Baka pygmies of southern Cameroon find themselves in this context of an indigenous population with health inequities. The purpose of this study was to describe the oral health status, diet, hygiene habits, and access to health services of the Baka pygmy children, from which different care needs will emerge in order to develop health strategies. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 22 Baka pygmy camps randomly selected. The study population consisted of children aged 5–6 years and 11–12 years chosen by a consecutive sampling technique. The examination was performed using a data sheet based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and recommendations which consisted of an oral health questionnaire for children and an oral health assessment form for children. A total of 120 children participated in the study. Extraoral examination of the study population revealed the presence of noma (1%) in the age range of 5–6 years. A total of 2713 teeth were examined, and the DMFT/dft index of the sample was 0.71 with a predominant caries component. The periodontal status showed 87% bleeding on probing. Seven percent of the sample presented a need for immediate urgent treatment due to pain and/or infection. Eighty-seven percent of the sample reported never having been examined by a dentist. The examination and oral care they received was only from nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The conclusion of this descriptive study is that the precarious oral health situation of pygmy children combined with the absence of care services in general for the Baka pygmies generate a situation of great vulnerability.

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to investigate associations between dental fluorosis in children living in low socioeconomic areas in Mexico, and fluoride concentrations in tap water, fluoride concentrations and in bottled water, and body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 585 schoolchildren aged 8–12 years was conducted in communities in a southern state of Mexico with >0.7 parts per million (ppm) fluoride in the groundwater. The Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TFI) was used to evaluate dental fluorosis, and the World Health Organization growth standards were used to calculate age-adjusted and sex-adjusted BMI Z scores. A BMI Z-score≤−1 SD was used as the cut-off point for thinness, and multiple logistic regression models for dental fluorosis (TFI≥4) were constructed. Results: The mean fluoride concentration in tap water was 1.39 ppm (SD 0.66), and the mean fluoride concentration in bottled water was 0.32 ppm (SD 0.23). Eighty-four children (14.39%) had a BMI Z-score≤−1 SD. More than half (56.1%) of the children presented with dental fluorosis in TFI categories≥4. Children living in areas with higher fluoride concentrations in the tap water [odds ratio (OR) 1.57, p=0.002] and bottled water (OR 3.03, p<.001) were more likely to have dental fluorosis in the severe categories (TFI≥4). BMI Z-score was associated with the probability of dental fluorosis (TFI≥4; OR 2.11, p<0.001), and the effect size was 29.3%. Discussion: A low BMI Z-score was associated with a higher prevalence of dental fluorosis in the severe category. Awareness of the fluoride concentrations in bottled water may help prevent dental fluorosis, particularly in children exposed to several high fluoride content sources. Children with a low BMI may be more vulnerable to dental fluorosis.

Adequate root canal sealing is essential for the success of endodontic treatment. There are numerous techniques available; identifying simple and efficient techniques is important to provide good patient care. The purpose of the study was to compare the maximum penetration depth and the percentage of sealant penetration of an endodontic sealer into dentine tubules using cold lateral condensation, continuous wave, and hybrid techniques, and to contrast the effectiveness of two different tapered gutta-percha master cones (0.02 and 0.04). A sample of sixty single root teeth was used. Six experimental groups were formed from the three filling techniques and the two tapered master cones. Images were acquired using a confocal laser scanning microscope. In the apical root third, the penetration percentage was higher in the hybrid compared with the continuous wave technique. The results indicated a higher penetration depth of hybrid compared with cold lateral condensation in the middle and coronal thirds, and in the apical third, a higher penetration was identified in the hybrid group compared with the continuous wave group. No significant differences in penetration were found comparing 0.02 with 0.04 taper gutta-percha groups. The coronal cross-sections presented a higher penetration than the apical third sections. In conclusion, the hybrid technique a had higher maximum sealer penetration than the continuous wave in the apical third, and the coronal third hybrid and continuous wave had a higher penetration than cold lateral condensation.

The presence of isolated or multiple gingival recessions in the mandibular anterior region is a challenge for the clinician, as they may be associated with a shallow vestibule, high frenum insertion and/or little or no attached gingiva. Only limited evidence is available on the use of the double lateral sliding bridge flap technique with connective tissue graft (CTG) technique for treating gingival recessions in the mandibular anterior region. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the clinical and esthetic outcomes of the double lateral sliding bridge flap technique with CTG on isolated and multiple gingival recessions at the level of the mandibular incisors. Nine patients required treatment of gingival recessions in the mandibular incisors at the University of Salamanca (Spain) (seven females, two males; mean age: 27.9 ± 6.9) with a total of 14 isolated (42.9%) and multiple (57.1%) Miller class II and III gingival recessions. After a mean follow-up of 36 months, the mean percentage of root coverage was 80.5% for all treated recessions. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), were observed for reduction in recession depth, increased width of keratinized tissue and increased gingival thickness, this being dependent on the Miller class. The esthetic outcome was acceptable, with a final mean esthetic score of 7.4 out of 10. The double lateral sliding bridge flap surgical technique with CTG is an effective procedure for the coverage of isolated and multiple gingival recessions in the anterior mandibular region, as it offers satisfactory esthetic results.

The presence of isolated or multiple gingival recessions in the mandibular anterior region is a challenge for the clinician, as they may be associated with a shallow vestibule, high frenum insertion and/or little or no attached gingiva. Only limited evidence is available on the use of the double lateral sliding bridge flap technique with connective tissue graft (CTG) technique for treating gingival recessions in the mandibular anterior region. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the clinical and esthetic outcomes of the double lateral sliding bridge flap technique with CTG on isolated and multiple gingival recessions at the level of the mandibular incisors. Nine patients required treatment of gingival recessions in the mandibular incisors at the University of Salamanca (Spain) (seven females, two males; mean age: 27.9 ± 6.9) with a total of 14 isolated (42.9%) and multiple (57.1%) Miller class II and III gingival recessions. After a mean follow-up of 36 months, the mean percentage of root coverage was 80.5% for all treated recessions. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), were observed for reduction in recession depth, increased width of keratinized tissue and increased gingival thickness, this being dependent on the Miller class. The esthetic outcome was acceptable, with a final mean esthetic score of 7.4 out of 10. The double lateral sliding bridge flap surgical technique with CTG is an effective procedure for the coverage of isolated and multiple gingival recessions in the anterior mandibular region, as it offers satisfactory esthetic results.

The presence of isolated or multiple gingival recessions in the mandibular anterior region is a challenge for the clinician, as they may be associated with a shallow vestibule, high frenum insertion and/or little or no attached gingiva. Only limited evidence is available on the use of the double lateral sliding bridge flap technique with connective tissue graft (CTG) technique for treating gingival recessions in the mandibular anterior region. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the clinical and esthetic outcomes of the double lateral sliding bridge flap technique with CTG on isolated and multiple gingival recessions at the level of the mandibular incisors. Nine patients required treatment of gingival recessions in the mandibular incisors at the University of Salamanca (Spain) (seven females, two males; mean age: 27.9 ± 6.9) with a total of 14 isolated (42.9%) and multiple (57.1%) Miller class II and III gingival recessions. After a mean follow-up of 36 months, the mean percentage of root coverage was 80.5% for all treated recessions. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), were observed for reduction in recession depth, increased width of keratinized tissue and increased gingival thickness, this being dependent on the Miller class. The esthetic outcome was acceptable, with a final mean esthetic score of 7.4 out of 10. The double lateral sliding bridge flap surgical technique with CTG is an effective procedure for the coverage of isolated and multiple gingival recessions in the anterior mandibular region, as it offers satisfactory esthetic results.

Background: Individuals with high body fat have a higher risk of mortality. Numerous anthropometric-based predictive equations are available for body composition assessments; furthermore, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) estimates are available. However, in older adults, the validity of body fat estimates requires further investigation. Objective: To assess the agreement between percentage body fat (BF%) estimates by BIA and five predictive equations based on anthropometric characteristics using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference method. A secondary objective was to identify whether excluding short-stature women improves the agreement of BF% estimates in a group of community-dwelling, older Mexican women. Methods: A concordance analysis of BF% was performed. A total of 121 older women participated in the study. Anthropometric information, BIA, and DXA body composition estimates were obtained. Five equations using anthropometric data were evaluated in order to determine body fat percentage (BF%) using DXA as reference method. Paired t-test comparisons and standard error of estimates (SEE) were obtained. The Bland-Altman plot with 95% limits of agreement and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were used to evaluate the BF% prediction equations and BIA estimates. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 73.7 ( 5.8) years old. BIA and the anthropometric based equations examined showed mean significant differences when tested in the entire sample. For the taller women (height > 145 cm), no significant difference in the paired comparison was found between DXA and BIA of BF% estimates. The mean BF% was 40.3 ( 4.8) and 40.7 ( 6.2) for DXA and BIA, respectively. The concordance between methods was good (CCC 0.814), (SEE 2.62). Also, in the taller women subset, the Woolcott equation using waist-to-height ratio presented no significant difference in the paired comparison; however, the error of the estimates was high (SEE 3.37) and the conco

Background: Oral cavity cancer (OCC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) are two common malignancies whose mor‑ tality is worryingly increasing worldwide. However, few studies have estimated the mortality trends for these cancers in the coming years. This study analysed the mortality rates for OCC and OPC observed between 1980 and 2019 to generate a predictive model for the next 25 years in Spain. Methods: Mid-year population data and death certifcates for the period 1980–2019 were obtained from the Span‑ ish National Institute of Statistics. The Nordpred program (Norwegian Cancer Registry, Oslo, Norway) was used to calculate adjusted mortality rates as well as estimated mortality projections with an age-period-cohort model for the period 2020–2044. Results: The specifc mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants for OCC decreased from 2.36 (1980–1984) to 2.17 (2015– 2019) and is expected to decline to 1.68 (2040–2044), particularly in males. For OPC, mortality rates rose from 0.67 (1980–1984) to 1.23 (2015–2019) and are projected to drop to 0.71 (2040–2044). In the group of females>65 years predictions showed rising mortality rates for both OCC and OPC. The predictive model projects more deaths in females than in males for OCC in the period 2040–2044, while deaths for OPC will decrease in males and gradually increase in females. Conclusions: Although OCC mortality rates have been found to decrease in males in the last observed decades, there is still room to improve them in females>65 years in the future by promoting campaigns against smoking and alcohol consumption. OPC mortality will become a growing health problem. Vaccination campaigns for the preven‑ tion of human papillomavirus-associated cancers may have a long-term impact on the mortality of these cancers, which should be evaluated in upcoming studies. Clinical relevance: Our fndings highlighted the importance of closely monitoring OCC and OPC mortality rates in the coming years by age group and sex, and the need to

The presence of isolated or multiple gingival recessions in the mandibular anterior region is a challenge for the clinician, as they may be associated with a shallow vestibule, high frenum insertion and/or little or no attached gingiva. Only limited evidence is available on the use of the double lateral sliding bridge flap technique with connective tissue graft (CTG) technique for treating gingival recessions in the mandibular anterior region. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the clinical and esthetic outcomes of the double lateral sliding bridge flap technique with CTG on isolated and multiple gingival recessions at the level of the mandibular incisors. Nine patients required treatment of gingival recessions in the mandibular incisors at the University of Salamanca (Spain) (seven females, two males; mean age: 27.9 ± 6.9) with a total of 14 isolated (42.9%) and multiple (57.1%) Miller class II and III gingival recessions. After a mean follow-up of 36 months, the mean percentage of root coverage was 80.5% for all treated recessions. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), were observed for reduction in recession depth, increased width of keratinized tissue and increased gingival thickness, this being dependent on the Miller class. The esthetic outcome was acceptable, with a final mean esthetic score of 7.4 out of 10. The double lateral sliding bridge flap surgical technique with CTG is an effective procedure for the coverage of isolated and multiple gingival recessions in the anterior mandibular region, as it offers satisfactory esthetic results.

Background: Individuals with high body fat have a higher risk of mortality. Numerous anthropometric-based predictive equations are available for body composition assessments; furthermore, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) estimates are available. However, in older adults, the validity of body fat estimates requires further investigation. Objective: To assess the agreement between percentage body fat (BF%) estimates by BIA and five predictive equations based on anthropometric characteristics using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference method. A secondary objective was to identify whether excluding short-stature women improves the agreement of BF% estimates in a group of community-dwelling, older Mexican women. Methods: A concordance analysis of BF% was performed. A total of 121 older women participated in the study. Anthropometric information, BIA, and DXA body composition estimates were obtained. Five equations using anthropometric data were evaluated in order to determine body fat percentage (BF%) using DXA as reference method. Paired t-test comparisons and standard error of estimates (SEE) were obtained. The Bland-Altman plot with 95% limits of agreement and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were used to evaluate the BF% prediction equations and BIA estimates. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 73.7 ( 5.8) years old. BIA and the anthropometric based equations examined showed mean significant differences when tested in the entire sample. For the taller women (height > 145 cm), no significant difference in the paired comparison was found between DXA and BIA of BF% estimates. The mean BF% was 40.3 ( 4.8) and 40.7 ( 6.2) for DXA and BIA, respectively. The concordance between methods was good (CCC 0.814), (SEE 2.62). Also, in the taller women subset, the Woolcott equation using waist-to-height ratio presented no significant difference in the paired comparison; however, the error of the estimates was high (SEE 3.37) and the conco

Background: Oral cavity cancer (OCC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) are two common malignancies whose mor‑ tality is worryingly increasing worldwide. However, few studies have estimated the mortality trends for these cancers in the coming years. This study analysed the mortality rates for OCC and OPC observed between 1980 and 2019 to generate a predictive model for the next 25 years in Spain. Methods: Mid-year population data and death certifcates for the period 1980–2019 were obtained from the Span‑ ish National Institute of Statistics. The Nordpred program (Norwegian Cancer Registry, Oslo, Norway) was used to calculate adjusted mortality rates as well as estimated mortality projections with an age-period-cohort model for the period 2020–2044. Results: The specifc mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants for OCC decreased from 2.36 (1980–1984) to 2.17 (2015– 2019) and is expected to decline to 1.68 (2040–2044), particularly in males. For OPC, mortality rates rose from 0.67 (1980–1984) to 1.23 (2015–2019) and are projected to drop to 0.71 (2040–2044). In the group of females>65 years predictions showed rising mortality rates for both OCC and OPC. The predictive model projects more deaths in females than in males for OCC in the period 2040–2044, while deaths for OPC will decrease in males and gradually increase in females. Conclusions: Although OCC mortality rates have been found to decrease in males in the last observed decades, there is still room to improve them in females>65 years in the future by promoting campaigns against smoking and alcohol consumption. OPC mortality will become a growing health problem. Vaccination campaigns for the preven‑ tion of human papillomavirus-associated cancers may have a long-term impact on the mortality of these cancers, which should be evaluated in upcoming studies. Clinical relevance: Our fndings highlighted the importance of closely monitoring OCC and OPC mortality rates in the coming years by age group and sex, and the need to

La siguiente revisión muestra una búsqueda exhaustiva, en la cual se desglosan los protocolos necesarios a nivel bucodental que el odontopediatra tiene que realizar tras la detección de un niño con células cancerosas y las patologías que pueden aparecer tras la administración de los medicamentos y procesos curativos de dicha alteración celular. En este, se desglosan los tipos de cáncer que dicho paciente puede tener, así como los tipos de procesos medicinales que tendrá que llevar para la correcta curación de esta alteración. Por otra parte, y siendo esta la más importante en dicha búsqueda, se muestran los protocolos que el odontopediatra tiene que realizar antes del tratamiento de quimio y radio, como forma preventiva para evitar patologías ligadas a la bajada de defensas y destrucción de células (en condición buena), así como los protocolos y actuaciones que se tienen que realizar por patologías que se pueden originar post administración de dichos procesos curativos del cáncer., The following review shows an exhaustive search, which breaks down the necessary protocols at the oral level that the pediatric dentist has to carry out after the detection of a child with cancer cells and the pathologies that may appear after the administration of medicines and curative processes of said cellular alteration. In this, the types of cancer that this patient may have are broken down, as well as the types of medicinal processes that will have to be carried out for the correct cure of this alteration. On the other hand, and this being the most important in this search, it shows the protocols that the pediatric dentist has to carry out before the chemo and radio treatments, as a preventive way to avoid pathologies linked to the decrease in defense and destruction of cells (in good condition), as well as the protocols and actions that have to be carried out due to pathologies that can originate after the administration of said curative processes of cancer.

Clinicians should appreciate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) headsets for managing both the anxiety and the behaviour of non-cooperative paediatric patients who require treatment over several dental appointments. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using a VR headset as a distraction for managing the anxiety and behaviour of paediatric patients during their dental treatment. Eighty patients, aged between five and ten years old and who required dental treatment over three or more appointments, were randomly allocated into two groups. One group used a VR headset during all their appointments, and the other one did not use any distraction technique. The patients were asked to take a Facial Image Scale Test during their first and last appointments to assess their level of anxiety. Additionally, the dentist completed the Frankl Test to quantify the child’s behaviour at the beginning and the end of their treatment. The results obtained, both from the group using the VR headset and from the control group, were compared using the chi-square test. The use of a VR headset during dental treatment significantly reduced anxiety (95% of the children were happy) and improved behaviour (100% positive behaviour) as compared with the control group (40% and 57.5%, respectively). A VR headset can effectively distract a paediatric patient, helping to reduce anxiety and manage behaviour during dental treatment

Clinicians should appreciate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) headsets for managing both the anxiety and the behaviour of non-cooperative paediatric patients who require treatment over several dental appointments. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using a VR headset as a distraction for managing the anxiety and behaviour of paediatric patients during their dental treatment. Eighty patients, aged between five and ten years old and who required dental treatment over three or more appointments, were randomly allocated into two groups. One group used a VR headset during all their appointments, and the other one did not use any distraction technique. The patients were asked to take a Facial Image Scale Test during their first and last appointments to assess their level of anxiety. Additionally, the dentist completed the Frankl Test to quantify the child’s behaviour at the beginning and the end of their treatment. The results obtained, both from the group using the VR headset and from the control group, were compared using the chi-square test. The use of a VR headset during dental treatment significantly reduced anxiety (95% of the children were happy) and improved behaviour (100% positive behaviour) as compared with the control group (40% and 57.5%, respectively). A VR headset can effectively distract a paediatric patient, helping to reduce anxiety and manage behaviour during dental treatment

Clinicians should appreciate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) headsets for managing both the anxiety and the behaviour of non-cooperative paediatric patients who require treatment over several dental appointments. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using a VR headset as a distraction for managing the anxiety and behaviour of paediatric patients during their dental treatment. Eighty patients, aged between five and ten years old and who required dental treatment over three or more appointments, were randomly allocated into two groups. One group used a VR headset during all their appointments, and the other one did not use any distraction technique. The patients were asked to take a Facial Image Scale Test during their first and last appointments to assess their level of anxiety. Additionally, the dentist completed the Frankl Test to quantify the child’s behaviour at the beginning and the end of their treatment. The results obtained, both from the group using the VR headset and from the control group, were compared using the chi-square test. The use of a VR headset during dental treatment significantly reduced anxiety (95% of the children were happy) and improved behaviour (100% positive behaviour) as compared with the control group (40% and 57.5%, respectively). A VR headset can effectively distract a paediatric patient, helping to reduce anxiety and manage behaviour during dental treatment

The aim of this work is to study the personality factors and coping styles of Spanish dentists when facing burnout syndrome, through epidemiological work. An epidemiological study of 1928 Spanish dentists was undertaken through an online survey, which registered the age and gender, and three questionnaires: NEO-FFI (personality traits), Brief COPE (coping styles), and MBI-HSS (burnout questionnaire). A multivariate analysis and an explanatory binary logistic regression model were used to estimate the presence of burnout. Neuroticism turned out to be the strongest indicator (OR 1.10; IC 95% 1.09–1.14), while extraversion (OR 0.93; IC 95% 0.91–0.95) and agreeableness (OR 0.94; IC95% 0.92–0.98) showed an inverse relationship with the occurrence of burnout, as did age (OR 0.9; IC95% 0.96–0.99). Conscientiousness (OR 1.0; IC95% 1.00–1.06) had a direct relationship with the presence of burnout. An avoidant coping style was the only indicative coping style (OR 1.04 IC95% 1.02–1.06). Approximately 70% of the dentists scored high on one of the three dimensions of burnout. No differences were found in the degree of burnout according to gender. Certain personality factors (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), the avoidant coping style, and age are powerful indicators to attempt to forecast the presence of burnout syndrome in dentists.

La ciudad de Dos Hermanas presenta un porcentaje muy elevado de personas en situación de exclusión social además de una tasa de paro y unos niveles de pobreza que están por encima de la media en España. El estudio valora la creación y mantenimiento de una clínica dental solidaria en Dos Hermanas que pueda dar cobertura bucodental a los colectivos más desfavorecidos. Se valora la viabilidad económico-financiera y la demanda potencial de dicho proyecto. Se realiza un estudio de los costos de creación y mantenimiento. Se presenta los colectivos con mayor necesidad asistencial y los protocolos de actuación. Todo ello podría ser posible gracias a la Fundación Odontología Social Luis Séiquer junto con el apoyo económico de instituciones tanto públicas como privadas., The city of Dos Hermanas has a very high percentage of people in a situation of social exclusion in addition to an unemployment rate and poverty levels that are above the average in Spain. The study makes it possible to assess the creation and maintenance of a solidarity dental clinic in Dos Hermanas that can provide oral coverage to he most disadvantaged groups. The economic-financial and socio-cultural viability of the implementation of said solidarity clinic is assessed, carrying out an exhaustive study of the creation and maintenance costs in addition to determining the most vulnerable groups and their treatment needs. All of this could be possible thanks to the Fundación Odontología Social Luis Séiquer together with the financial support of both public and private institutions.

Actualmente, cada vez más pacientes demandan tratamientos con implantes, como son las sobredentaduras. Éstas se utilizan tanto en la práctica general como en la especializada cada vez con más frecuencia para rehabilitar a pacientes desdentados. El objetivo de esta revisión es informar al lector de la variedad de sistemas de retención disponibles hoy día para retener una sobredentadura sobre implantes, comprender cómo funcionan estos sistemas, sus ventajas y desventajas, exponer algunas de las consideraciones clínicas y de planificación del tratamiento para seleccionar el sistema de retención más adecuado, así como comparar diversos aspectos en cuanto a éstos. Para ello, se lleva a cabo una búsqueda de las publicaciones existentes en la base de datos Pubmed, siendo seleccionados 10 artículos. De su estudio y análisis, se concluye que no existen pruebas sólidas que corroboren la superioridad de un sistema sobre los demás, siendo necesario estudiar cada caso para seleccionar el sistema más adecuado., Nowadays, more and more patients are demanding implant treatments such as overdentures. Overdentures are increasingly used in both general and specialized practice to rehabilitate edentulous patients. The aim of this review is to inform the reader of the variety of retention systems available today to retain an implant-supported overdenture, to understand how these systems work, their advantages and disadvantages, to outline some of the clinical and treatment planning considerations for selecting the most appropriate retention system, and to compare various aspects of these systems. For this purpose, a search of the existing publications in the Pubmed database was carried out, and 10 articles were selected. From their study and análisis, it is concluded that there is no solid evidence to corroborate the superiority of one system over the others, being necessary to study each case in order to select the most appropriate system.

Envejecer es un proceso natural del ser humano que involucra cambios psicológicos, anatómicos y fisiológicos. Un porcentaje significativo de adultos mayores desarrolla dependencia funcional, lo que los convierten en un grupo vulnerable, susceptible a enfermedades bucales prevenibles. Por ello, tanto la ONU como el Consejo Europeo de Dentistas han establecido como prioridad la atención a la salud bucal de adultos mayores, la prevención de enfermedades y la promoción de la salud bucal. Se han publicado algunos estudios clínicos y documentales sobre intervenciones en la salud bucal de adultos mayores. Sin embargo, no se encontró una revisión sistemática actualizada en español sobre la prevención de enfermedades bucales en pacientes adultos mayores con dependencia funcional. Por lo tanto, este trabajo busca determinar el efecto de los procedimientos odontológicos clínicos y educativos para la prevención de enfermedades bucales en pacientes adultos mayores con base en una revisión sistemática. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura publicada desde enero del 2017 en las bases de datos y editoriales electrónicas: Elsevier, Medline, Wiley Online Library, Europe PMC, SagePub, Springer Link, Taylor & Francis, BVS y Google Scholar. Se identificaron 1795 artículos, de los cuales 11 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión: siete ensayos clínicos y cuatro revisiones sistemáticas.Se realizaron profilaxis dental, limpieza de prótesis, administración de probióticos, aplicación de fluoruro diamino de plata (SDF) y cepillado dental profesional y talleres de educación para la salud bucal dirigidos a los pacientes yal personal asistencial. Los resultados sugieren que las intervenciones tienen efectos positivos en los conocimientos del personal asistencial y en la salud bucal de los pacientes. Sin embargo, no se dispone de evidencia de calidad suficiente que confirme su efectividad. Aunque los programas educativos dirigidos al personal asistencial y la intervención mejoran la formaci, Aging is a natural human process that involves psychological, anatomical, and physiological changes. A significant percentage of older adults develop functional dependence, which makes them a vulnerable group, susceptible to preventable oral diseases. For this reason, both the UN and The Council of European Dentists have established that the attention to the oral health of the elderly, the prevention of diseases, and the promotion of oral health should be prioritized. Some clinical trials and systematic reviews on interventions in the oral health of older adults have been published. However, we did not find an updated systematic review in Spanish on the prevention of oral diseases in elderly functionally dependent patients. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the effect of clinical procedures and educational programs for the prevention of oral diseases in elderly patients based on a systematic review. A systematic research was performed on the major electronic databases and publishers for studies published in English or Spanish since January 2017: Elsevier, Medline, Wiley Online Library, Europe PMC, SagePub, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis, BVS and Google Scholar. 1795 were identified and 11 met the inclusion criteria: 7 clinical trials and 4 systematic reviews. Dental prophylaxis, cleaning of prostheses, application of silver diammine fluoride (SDF), administration of probiotics and professional tooth brushing, and educational workshops for oral health were carried out for patients and healthcare personnel. Results suggest that the interventions have positive effects on the knowledge of the staff and on the oral health of the patients. However, there is a lack of quality studies to confirm its effectiveness. Although educational programs to the healthcare personnel and clinical interventions may improve oral health in older adults, more controlled clinical trials are needed to provide more solid evidence on the effectiveness of interventions in the prevention of

Este estudio nos ayuda a saber diagnosticar si un niño ha sido o está siendo víctima de maltrato, a través de pautas de comportamiento y signos físicos y psicológicos. Además, se muestra como es el procedimiento de actuación cuando nos encontramos con este tipo de situación., This study helps us to diagnose whether a child has been or is being abused, through behavioural patterns and physical and psychological signs. In addition, it shows how to act when we find ourselves in this type of situation.

The aim of this work is to study the personality factors and coping styles of Spanish dentists when facing burnout syndrome, through epidemiological work. An epidemiological study of 1928 Spanish dentists was undertaken through an online survey, which registered the age and gender, and three questionnaires: NEO-FFI (personality traits), Brief COPE (coping styles), and MBI-HSS (burnout questionnaire). A multivariate analysis and an explanatory binary logistic regression model were used to estimate the presence of burnout. Neuroticism turned out to be the strongest indicator (OR 1.10; IC 95% 1.09–1.14), while extraversion (OR 0.93; IC 95% 0.91–0.95) and agreeableness (OR 0.94; IC95% 0.92–0.98) showed an inverse relationship with the occurrence of burnout, as did age (OR 0.9; IC95% 0.96–0.99). Conscientiousness (OR 1.0; IC95% 1.00–1.06) had a direct relationship with the presence of burnout. An avoidant coping style was the only indicative coping style (OR 1.04 IC95% 1.02–1.06). Approximately 70% of the dentists scored high on one of the three dimensions of burnout. No differences were found in the degree of burnout according to gender. Certain personality factors (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), the avoidant coping style, and age are powerful indicators to attempt to forecast the presence of burnout syndrome in dentists.

Clinicians should appreciate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) headsets for managing both the anxiety and the behaviour of non-cooperative paediatric patients who require treatment over several dental appointments. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using a VR headset as a distraction for managing the anxiety and behaviour of paediatric patients during their dental treatment. Eighty patients, aged between five and ten years old and who required dental treatment over three or more appointments, were randomly allocated into two groups. One group used a VR headset during all their appointments, and the other one did not use any distraction technique. The patients were asked to take a Facial Image Scale Test during their first and last appointments to assess their level of anxiety. Additionally, the dentist completed the Frankl Test to quantify the child’s behaviour at the beginning and the end of their treatment. The results obtained, both from the group using the VR headset and from the control group, were compared using the chi-square test. The use of a VR headset during dental treatment significantly reduced anxiety (95% of the children were happy) and improved behaviour (100% positive behaviour) as compared with the control group (40% and 57.5%, respectively). A VR headset can effectively distract a paediatric patient, helping to reduce anxiety and manage behaviour during dental treatment

Clinicians should appreciate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) headsets for managing both the anxiety and the behaviour of non-cooperative paediatric patients who require treatment over several dental appointments. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using a VR headset as a distraction for managing the anxiety and behaviour of paediatric patients during their dental treatment. Eighty patients, aged between five and ten years old and who required dental treatment over three or more appointments, were randomly allocated into two groups. One group used a VR headset during all their appointments, and the other one did not use any distraction technique. The patients were asked to take a Facial Image Scale Test during their first and last appointments to assess their level of anxiety. Additionally, the dentist completed the Frankl Test to quantify the child’s behaviour at the beginning and the end of their treatment. The results obtained, both from the group using the VR headset and from the control group, were compared using the chi-square test. The use of a VR headset during dental treatment significantly reduced anxiety (95% of the children were happy) and improved behaviour (100% positive behaviour) as compared with the control group (40% and 57.5%, respectively). A VR headset can effectively distract a paediatric patient, helping to reduce anxiety and manage behaviour during dental treatment

The aim of this work is to study the personality factors and coping styles of Spanish dentists when facing burnout syndrome, through epidemiological work. An epidemiological study of 1928 Spanish dentists was undertaken through an online survey, which registered the age and gender, and three questionnaires: NEO-FFI (personality traits), Brief COPE (coping styles), and MBI-HSS (burnout questionnaire). A multivariate analysis and an explanatory binary logistic regression model were used to estimate the presence of burnout. Neuroticism turned out to be the strongest indicator (OR 1.10; IC 95% 1.09–1.14), while extraversion (OR 0.93; IC 95% 0.91–0.95) and agreeableness (OR 0.94; IC95% 0.92–0.98) showed an inverse relationship with the occurrence of burnout, as did age (OR 0.9; IC95% 0.96–0.99). Conscientiousness (OR 1.0; IC95% 1.00–1.06) had a direct relationship with the presence of burnout. An avoidant coping style was the only indicative coping style (OR 1.04 IC95% 1.02–1.06). Approximately 70% of the dentists scored high on one of the three dimensions of burnout. No differences were found in the degree of burnout according to gender. Certain personality factors (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), the avoidant coping style, and age are powerful indicators to attempt to forecast the presence of burnout syndrome in dentists.

Cuando la pulpa dental se infecta aparece un infiltrado inflamatorio y, posteriormente si sigue progresando dicha infección, como respuesta se produce la activación del sistema inmune. La interacción entre células, citoquinas y otros elementos inflamatorios presentes en la periodontitis apical es objeto de análisis en esta revisión bibliográfica. Para eliminar las bacterias hay que realizar un tratamiento de conductos a través de la preparación quimiomecánica. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es encontrar la relación que existe entre el desbridamiento del conducto radicular y el nivel de citoquinas inflamatorias y si éstas pudieran ser útiles como marcadores de la inflamación., When dental pulp is infected an inflammatory infiltrate appears and if the infection goes on, the response is an immune activation. The purpose in this literature review is to analyse the interaction between cells, cytokines and other inflammatory elements in apical periodontitis. To kill the bacteria, a root canal therapy must be done through a chemomechanical preparation. In this literature review the objective is to find the effect of the root canal debridement on inflammatory cytokines levels and if these ones could be used as inflammatory biomarkers.

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia, gravedad de caries dental y las necesidades de tratamiento en un grupo de escolares de una zona con bajo nivel socioeconómico. Método y Diseño: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el cual se realizó una exploración de la cavidad bucal en 125 niños y niñas con edades comprendidas entre los 7 y los 12 años, de una comunidad desfavorecida (Dos Hermanas) de la provincia de Andalucía, dentro del programa de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria desarrollado por la Fundación Social Luis Séiquer (FOS). Para la determinación del estado dental de los niños se aplicaron los criterios de la OMS para el diagnóstico de caries, utilizando el índice cod y CAOD. Resultados: la prevalencia de caries dental en dientes temporales fue alta en el grupo de los niños de 7 años con un 94%, Los niños de 7 años obtuvieron un índice caod= 6.35 y CAOD 1.68 (±1.62) y los niños de 12 años obtuvieron un índice mayor con CAOD=5.92 (±4.10) En relación con necesidades de tratamiento restaurador por edad y sexo en el grupo de estudio, se obtuvo que los niños de 7 años presentaron una necesidad de restauración de 1.90 (±1.66) en los dientes temporales y de 4.61 (±3.96) en niños de 12 años con dientes permanentes. A los 7 años en dientes primarios se requieren 2.84 extracciones y 1.55 tratamientos de pulpo o pulpotomía. A los 12 años se requiere 4.61 obturaciones, 0.85 exodoncia y 0.38 tratamientos de conductos en promedio. Conclusión: Se ha podido observar que los niños presentan alta prevalencia de caries dental superando los índices de España en el 2015. Respecto a las necesidades de tratamientos fueron muy elevados y el deterioro de la dentición muestra una amplia necesidad de tratamientos de conductos y de exodoncias tanto en dentición primaria como permanente. Se requieren de un programa integral que controle el problema de caries y que proporciones la atención odontología que la población requiere., Objective: To identify the prevalence, severity of dental caries and treatment needs in a group of schoolchildren from an area with a low socioeconomic level. Method and Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study in which an exploration of the oral cavity was carried out in 125 boys and girls aged between 7 and 12 years, from a disadvantaged community (Dos Hermanas) in the province of Andalusia, within the Preventive and Community Dentistry program developed by the Luis Séiquer Social Foundation (FOS). To determine the dental status of children, the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of caries were applied, using the cod index and CAOD. Results: the prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth was high in the group of 7-year-old children with 94%, 7-year-old children obtained a caod index = 6.35 and CAOD 1.68 (± 1.62) and 12-year-old children obtained a higher index with CAOD = 5.92 (± 4.10) In relation to restorative treatment needs by age and sex in the study group, it was found that 7-year-old children presented a need for restoration of 1.90 (± 1.66) in the temporary teeth and 4.61 (± 3.96) in 12-year-old children with permanent teeth. At 7 years in primary teeth, 2.84 extractions and 1.55 octopus or pulpotomy treatments are required. At 12 years old, 4.61 fillings, 0.85 tooth extraction and 0.38 root canal treatments are required on average. Conclusion: It has been observed that children have a high prevalence of dental caries, exceeding the rates in Spain in 2015. Regarding the treatment needs, they were very high, and the deterioration of the dentition shows a great need for root canal and tooth extraction treatments. both in primary and permanent dentition. They require a comprehensive program that controls the caries problem and that provides the dental care that the population requires.

Cuando la pulpa dental se infecta aparece un infiltrado inflamatorio y, posteriormente si sigue progresando dicha infección, como respuesta se produce la activación del sistema inmune. La interacción entre células, citoquinas y otros elementos inflamatorios presentes en la periodontitis apical es objeto de análisis en esta revisión bibliográfica. Para eliminar las bacterias hay que realizar un tratamiento de conductos a través de la preparación quimiomecánica. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es encontrar la relación que existe entre el desbridamiento del conducto radicular y el nivel de citoquinas inflamatorias y si éstas pudieran ser útiles como marcadores de la inflamación., When dental pulp is infected an inflammatory infiltrate appears and if the infection goes on, the response is an immune activation. The purpose in this literature review is to analyse the interaction between cells, cytokines and other inflammatory elements in apical periodontitis. To kill the bacteria, a root canal therapy must be done through a chemomechanical preparation. In this literature review the objective is to find the effect of the root canal debridement on inflammatory cytokines levels and if these ones could be used as inflammatory biomarkers.

Este estudio valora la posibilidad y la viabilidad, en el futuro, de la apertura de una Clínica Dental Solidaria en la provincia de Huelva. Se ha tenido en cuanta tanto la tasa de paro, pobreza, tasa de abandono escolar y renta per capita de los habitantes de Huelva; ZNTS, número de dentistas públicos y privados. Se han identificado las principales zonas de la provincia que necesitarían priorización en atención bucodental., This study takes on the posibility and viability of opening, in the future, a solidarity dental clinic in the province of Huelva. Unemployment, poverty and school dropout rates, Huelva inhabitants per capita income, ZNTS and quantity of public and private dentists have been taken into account. The main areas in the province that would need prioritization in oral care have been identified

En los últimos años el aumento del consumo de bifosfonatos entre la población es un factor a tener en consideración entre los profesionales de la salud dental, existe información de que los mismos se encuentran dentro de los 20 medicamentos más recetados en el mundo a día de hoy. Los bifosfonatos se relacionan desde 2003 con lesiones de extrema gravedad a nivel oral. Algunos de los pacientes medicados tienen poco conocimiento de la medicación con la que están siendo tratados, por consiguiente es pertinente que esta prescipción sea mencionada al completar la historia medica del paciente que la recibe. La diversidad de las patologías óseas para los que actualmente se prescriben son numerosas. Esta situación de partida hace que nazca la necesidad de dar a conocer como actúan estos fármacos y que efectos producen en el ámbito oral, para de esta forma estar familiarizados con los posibles efectos adversos y poner de relieve medidas preventivas efectivas. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliografica es tratar de establecer unos protocolos de actuación claros a nivel de terapia odontológica frente a pacientes en tratamiento con bifosfonatos con la idea de prevenir la aparición de lesiones de extrema gravedad a nivel oral como es la osteonecrosis., In recent years the increase in consumption of bisphosphonates among the population is a factor to be considered among dental health professionals, there is information that they are among the 20 most prescribed drugs in the world today. Since 2003, bisphosphonates have been associated with extremely serious injuries at the oral level. Some of the patients who are medicated have little knowledge of the medication with which they are being treated, therefore it is pertinent that this prescription be mentioned when completing the medical history of the patient who receives it. The diversity of bone pathologies for which they are currently prescribed are numerous. This initial situation has led to the need to publicise how these drugs work and what effects they produce in the oral environment, so as to be familiar with possible adverse effects and to highlight effective preventive measures. The objective of this bibliographic review is to try to establish some clear protocols of action at a dental therapy level for patients being treated with bisphosphonates with the idea of preventing the appearance of extremely serious injuries at an oral level such as osteonecrosis.

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y gravedad de la hipomineralización en segundos molares primarios (HSMP) en niños en educación infantil de una zona en transformación social de la provincia de Sevilla y su posible asociación con la frecuencia de tratamientos urgentes odontológicos. Métodos: Se examinó un grupo de escolares para detectar la presencia de HSPM. Se evaluó la prevalencia, gravedad y la distribución por hemiarcada. Se realizó tratamiento restaurador o urgente en función de los hallazgos. El estudio de la asociación entre las variables se realizó a través de la prueba de Chi-cuadrado y se utilizó un nivel de alfa de 0.05 para las pruebas de hipótesis. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 124 niños de 3 a 5 años. Se determinó una prevalencia de HSMP del 18.5%. La distribución por sexo fue homogénea. El 12.1% presentó una HSMP leve y el 6.4% presentó una HSMP grave. Se observó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de HSMP y la necesidad de tratamiento. Conclusiones: la HSMP es una condición que afecta alrededor del 18% de niños escolares que viven en zonas de transformación social. La necesidad de tratamiento restaurador y urgente justifica el reconocimiento y la gestión temprana de la enfermedad., Objective: To identify the prevalence and severity of hypomineralization in primary second molars (HSMP) in children in an area in social transformation of the province of Seville and its possible association with the frequency of urgent dental treatments. Methods: A group of schoolchildren was examined for the presence of HSPM. The prevalence, severity and distribution by hemiarcade were evaluated. Restorative or urgent treatment was performed depending on the findings. The study of the association between the variables was carried out through the Chi-square test and an alpha level of 0.05 was used for the hypothesis tests. Results: A total of 124 children aged 3 to 5 years were included. A prevalence of HSMP of 18.5% was determined. The distribution by sex was homogeneous. 12.1% had mild HSMP and 6.4% had severe HSMP. A statistically significant association was observed between the presence of HSMP and the need for treatment. Conclusions: HSMP is a condition that affects around 18% of school children living in areas of social transformation. The need for urgent and restorative treatment justifies early recognition and management of the disease

Background Little information is available on the trends over time of the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). This condition may be preventing dental caries decline. Aim (a) To compare the prevalence of MIH, in Mexico City schoolchildren, evaluated in 2008 with a group evaluated in 2017, (b) to identify the association of MIH with dental caries, and (c) to assess the mother's perception of her child's oral health status. Design Two cross-sectional studies performed in 2008 and in 2017 were compared. The oral examiner and the selected schools were the same in both surveys. Results A total of 549 schoolchildren were evaluated. The prevalence of MIH in the first survey was 20.3%, and 31.9 % in the second survey, (p = .002). Children with MIH were more likely to have dental caries. The odds ratio was 2.24 (p = .036) and 4.18 (p < .001) in the first and second surveys, respectively. Mothers of children with MIH perceived worse oral health status of their children than the mothers whose children did not have MIH (odds ratio = 4.47, p < .001). Conclusion The findings portray a clear increase in prevalence of MIH and highlight the need for increased awareness about this condition among dentists and the general population.

Background Little information is available on the trends over time of the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). This condition may be preventing dental caries decline. Aim (a) To compare the prevalence of MIH, in Mexico City schoolchildren, evaluated in 2008 with a group evaluated in 2017, (b) to identify the association of MIH with dental caries, and (c) to assess the mother's perception of her child's oral health status. Design Two cross-sectional studies performed in 2008 and in 2017 were compared. The oral examiner and the selected schools were the same in both surveys. Results A total of 549 schoolchildren were evaluated. The prevalence of MIH in the first survey was 20.3%, and 31.9 % in the second survey, (p = .002). Children with MIH were more likely to have dental caries. The odds ratio was 2.24 (p = .036) and 4.18 (p < .001) in the first and second surveys, respectively. Mothers of children with MIH perceived worse oral health status of their children than the mothers whose children did not have MIH (odds ratio = 4.47, p < .001). Conclusion The findings portray a clear increase in prevalence of MIH and highlight the need for increased awareness about this condition among dentists and the general population.