A study of the main mineral dissemination characteristics, valuables occurrence and process properties of low and medium grade ores from the Zhu and Dong mining areas, Bayan Obo mine, is described. Based on this information the rationalities of comprehensively recovering iron, rare-earths and niobium from the ores using the process flowsheet of low intensity magnetic separation-high intensity magnetic separation-flotation are discussed., A study of the main mineral dissemination characteristics, valuables occurrence and process properties of low and medium grade ores from the Zhu and Dong mining areas, Bayan Obo mine, is described. Based on this information the rationalities of comprehensively recovering iron, rare-earths and niobium from the ores using the process flowsheet of low intensity magnetic separation-high intensity magnetic separation-flotation are discussed.