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Purpose: The study's objective is to find more empirical evidence on the relationship between accounting information on financial statements and stock prices of consumer good companies listed on the Vietnamese stock market in Covid time. Theoretical framework: Follow efficient market theory, in an efficient market, the actual price will immediately reflect new information about the intrinsic value of the firm, based on the idea that stock market prices will reflect public information available on the market (including financial information of enterprises). Design/Methodology/Approach: The sampling method was used to from 2019 to 2021 (the period when the Vietnamese and world economies were severely affected by the Covid-19 epidemic) through the analysis of OLS, FEM, REM, and GLS models and Stata17 software. Findings: The results show that DPS and EPS are two of the factors that have the most positive influence on stock prices during this period, while ROE is an indicator that harms companies' stock prices. Research, practical & social implications: Therefore, future studies regarding sample size and research space can be more extensive. In addition, it is possible to measure accounting information and stock prices by other statistical methods or other indicators to improve further the theoretical framework in the relationship between accounting information and stock price. Originality/Value: Thereby helping investors, businesses, and policymakers better understand the accounting information's role in the capital market, offering appropriate business and regulatory solutions to improve market efficiency.

Corporate governance mechanisms have continued to strengthen the operations and activities of corporate entities in Nigeria. Board characteristics and earnings management have attracted many scholars trying to establish relevant relationship that will assist policy makers and regulatory agencies in facilitating good corporate governance. This study examines the impact of board characteristics on earnings management of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The Agency Theory was used to underpin the study. Board characteristics as the independent variable was proxied using board independence, board meetings, board gender diversity and board expertise while earnings management as the dependent variable was measured using the Modifies Jones Model. The panel data multiple regression was used on data extracted from annual reports of sixteen listed consumer goods firms from 2011 to 2020. The study found that, board gender diversity and board expertise negatively and significantly influence earnings management while board independence and board meetings have no significant influence on listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that, regulatory agencies and policy makers should encourage listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria to increase diversity in boards and expertise as this will minimize earnings management activities by management.

Corporate governance mechanisms have continued to strengthen the operations and activities of corporate entities in Nigeria. Board characteristics and earnings management have attracted many scholars trying to establish relevant relationship that will assist policy makers and regulatory agencies in facilitating good corporate governance. This study examines the impact of board characteristics on earnings management of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The Agency Theory was used to underpin the study. Board characteristics as the independent variable was proxied using board independence, board meetings, board gender diversity and board expertise while earnings management as the dependent variable was measured using the Modifies Jones Model. The panel data multiple regression was used on data extracted from annual reports of sixteen listed consumer goods firms from 2011 to 2020. The study found that, board gender diversity and board expertise negatively and significantly influence earnings management while board independence and board meetings have no significant influence on listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that, regulatory agencies and policy makers should encourage listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria to increase diversity in boards and expertise as this will minimize earnings management activities by management.

In order to answer the research question, a number of sub-research questions have been formulated and addr, Management of Technology (MoT)

The study is carried out to identify the role of customer care in consumer goods retail marketing using evidence from Vietnam. It is significant to write that through extending excellent customer care services; retail businesses report increased sales of consumer goods. Besides, sales are the lifeblood of retail businesses in Vietnam, and one of the primary means of increasing them is through extending exceptional customer care services. It is worth noting that sales are also one of the determinants of company success. Various articles and related studies were reviewed to help identify relevant information about the topic. A qualitative research model was embraced for the study to help meet its primary goal. The researcher chose this model because it helps gain an understanding of various underlying opinions about customer care in consumer goods retail marketing in Vietnam. To ensure that the entire selected population was entirely analyzed, the researcher considered a very small sample size of 30 participants. What is more, interviews and observation were employed to collect relevant information for the study. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software because of its accuracy capability. Following the collected data, it was revealed that customer care positively affects consumer goods retail marketing. The current research is very significant for academic purposes for a student at different education levels. For these reasons, with the help of research findings, it can be concluded that there is a very significant relationship between customer care and consumer goods retail marketing in Vietnam and other countries.

The study is carried out to identify the role of customer care in consumer goods retail marketing using evidence from Vietnam. It is significant to write that through extending excellent customer care services; retail businesses report increased sales of consumer goods. Besides, sales are the lifeblood of retail businesses in Vietnam, and one of the primary means of increasing them is through extending exceptional customer care services. It is worth noting that sales are also one of the determinants of company success. Various articles and related studies were reviewed to help identify relevant information about the topic. A qualitative research model was embraced for the study to help meet its primary goal. The researcher chose this model because it helps gain an understanding of various underlying opinions about customer care in consumer goods retail marketing in Vietnam. To ensure that the entire selected population was entirely analyzed, the researcher considered a very small sample size of 30 participants. What is more, interviews and observation were employed to collect relevant information for the study. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software because of its accuracy capability. Following the collected data, it was revealed that customer care positively affects consumer goods retail marketing. The current research is very significant for academic purposes for a student at different education levels. For these reasons, with the help of research findings, it can be concluded that there is a very significant relationship between customer care and consumer goods retail marketing in Vietnam and other countries.

The study is carried out to identify the role of customer care in consumer goods retail marketing using evidence from Vietnam. It is significant to write that through extending excellent customer care services; retail businesses report increased sales of consumer goods. Besides, sales are the lifeblood of retail businesses in Vietnam, and one of the primary means of increasing them is through extending exceptional customer care services. It is worth noting that sales are also one of the determinants of company success. Various articles and related studies were reviewed to help identify relevant information about the topic. A qualitative research model was embraced for the study to help meet its primary goal. The researcher chose this model because it helps gain an understanding of various underlying opinions about customer care in consumer goods retail marketing in Vietnam. To ensure that the entire selected population was entirely analyzed, the researcher considered a very small sample size of 30 participants. What is more, interviews and observation were employed to collect relevant information for the study. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software because of its accuracy capability. Following the collected data, it was revealed that customer care positively affects consumer goods retail marketing. The current research is very significant for academic purposes for a student at different education levels. For these reasons, with the help of research findings, it can be concluded that there is a very significant relationship between customer care and consumer goods retail marketing in Vietnam and other countries.

In the era of e-commerce and atomization, the expectations of customers have increased multi-fold. The customers want virtual displays of the products, automatic billings, electronic customer relationship management and much more. They want to be informed about the offers and benefits available at the store timely. However, at the same time they are not compromising with the quality and price. The basic consumer behaviour in the time of technology driven businesses is still same. The present paper is about checking out and impact of all these customer expectations on purchase intention in the form of marketing strategies by the consumer goods retailers in Vietnam. The present study is exploratory cum descriptive in nature. The dependent variable in the study is purchase intention and the independent variables are ‘ease and convenience’, ‘price and discounts’, ‘product quality’ and ‘use of Technology’. Retailers have been characterized by the respondents in the light of four independent variables stated above and then a relationship of these variables has been established with customers' intent to purchase. The sample size of this study is 408 respondents who used to purchase from the retailers in Vietnam. Structured questionnaire was distributed to all the respondents for collecting their responses. Total 550 questionnaires for distributed out of which 408 questionnaires for found fit for analysis. Statistical tools such as ‘confirmatory factor analysis’ and ‘structural equation modeling’ have been used to analyze the data. It was found from the results that all the four independent variables have significant impact on the Purchase intention of consumers. This reflects that the consumer goods retailers in Vietnam have to maintain with the Expectations of consumers for better sales performance.

The web-based atmosphere has a solid similarity with this present reality and is found in pretty much every edge of the world. The web has turned into a compulsory release in living souls. The significant change in the shopping system sped up the simplicity and comfort of individuals yet has left provisos in making up for the shortfall of substantial quality and confirmation at the cost paid. A comment from a past client or a specialist is a flat out determinant in deciding the legitimacy of the products and lifts its deal, on the web. The principle reason for the review is the fi nd which sort of audits influence the purchaser merchandise buy goal. This study depicts about the change in the example of internet shopping and weights on factors that can help in entrusting trust in clients who buy purchaser merchandise over the web. Vietnam is known as a developing economy that has embraced web for valuable purposes. The new review is observational in nature. It includes an example size of 358 respondents that has been gathered through an organized poll. The information has been gathered from the respondents based on purposive examining and has been dissected with the assistance of mean score and various relapse. It was found from the review that the main parts of online surveys are they give stowed away data about item highlights and use these are the primary thing that one alludes prior to making items Extended audits give through data about the item and more accommodating. A large portion of the types of online audits decidedly affect buy aim. Nonetheless, buy purpose isn't impacted by - I generally have faith in internet based audits and online surveys are one-sided.

The reviews of the consumers who are shopping online play a substantial role in forming the intentions of purchasing others. The digital platforms are progressing day in, day out, which are providing the chance to the customers to share and state their views, comments, and opinions, and simultaneously, it is establishing a strong means of marketing which is recognized as electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) which has gotten an essential source to gather the details concerning any product for the consumers. Review consensus provides comprehensiveness to e-WOM. Single or limited reviews fail to give a complete picture to the eWOM, thus to permit customers to make a proper decision, multiple studies with similarities among them are required. In the current survey, a sample of 328 online customers has been considered through a structured questionnaire designed on a five-point interval scale. Mean score and Multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The data analysis has been done with the help of SPSS 20.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). This study found that most of the aspects of review consensus have a positive impact on e-WOM and E-Purchase Satisfaction for consumer goods. It was found from the study that the variables such as extended reviews are always better for review consensus if it is found positive reviews, even if there is a consensus, they can be considered to be biased, and Higher review consensus can only be achieved when we explore multiple sources of reviews are the most significant concerning the buyer’s interaction towards reviews. However, at the same time, the purchase is influenced by E-WOM; review consensus depends upon the purpose of purchasing the product

As iniciativas de integração regional proporcionam a oportunidade de integrar as estruturas produtivas dos países envolvidos, buscando a exploração de economias de escala e atividades de maior valor agregado. Este artigo tem como objetivo mensurar o avanço da integração produtiva entre Brasil e Argentina, no sentido de averiguar se este fenômeno foi favorecido pela formação do Mercosul. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se em indicadores de participação do comércio intraindustrial e da incidência do intercâmbio de bens intermediários. Os resultados revelam crescimento limitado e movimentos instáveis dos indicadores de integração produtiva. As evidências sugerem que a contribuição de uma integração regional na promoção da integração produtiva será maior à medida que mais eficientes e sustentadas forem as políticas voltadas para esse objetivo

The web-based atmosphere has a solid similarity with this present reality and is found in pretty much every edge of the world. The web has turned into a compulsory release in living souls. The significant change in the shopping system sped up the simplicity and comfort of individuals yet has left provisos in making up for the shortfall of substantial quality and confirmation at the cost paid. A comment from a past client or a specialist is a flat out determinant in deciding the legitimacy of the products and lifts its deal, on the web. The principle reason for the review is the fi nd which sort of audits influence the purchaser merchandise buy goal. This study depicts about the change in the example of internet shopping and weights on factors that can help in entrusting trust in clients who buy purchaser merchandise over the web. Vietnam is known as a developing economy that has embraced web for valuable purposes. The new review is observational in nature. It includes an example size of 358 respondents that has been gathered through an organized poll. The information has been gathered from the respondents based on purposive examining and has been dissected with the assistance of mean score and various relapse. It was found from the review that the main parts of online surveys are they give stowed away data about item highlights and use these are the primary thing that one alludes prior to making items Extended audits give through data about the item and more accommodating. A large portion of the types of online audits decidedly affect buy aim. Nonetheless, buy purpose isn't impacted by - I generally have faith in internet based audits and online surveys are one-sided.

The reviews of the consumers who are shopping online play a substantial role in forming the intentions of purchasing others. The digital platforms are progressing day in, day out, which are providing the chance to the customers to share and state their views, comments, and opinions, and simultaneously, it is establishing a strong means of marketing which is recognized as electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) which has gotten an essential source to gather the details concerning any product for the consumers. Review consensus provides comprehensiveness to e-WOM. Single or limited reviews fail to give a complete picture to the eWOM, thus to permit customers to make a proper decision, multiple studies with similarities among them are required. In the current survey, a sample of 328 online customers has been considered through a structured questionnaire designed on a five-point interval scale. Mean score and Multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The data analysis has been done with the help of SPSS 20.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). This study found that most of the aspects of review consensus have a positive impact on e-WOM and E-Purchase Satisfaction for consumer goods. It was found from the study that the variables such as extended reviews are always better for review consensus if it is found positive reviews, even if there is a consensus, they can be considered to be biased, and Higher review consensus can only be achieved when we explore multiple sources of reviews are the most significant concerning the buyer’s interaction towards reviews. However, at the same time, the purchase is influenced by E-WOM; review consensus depends upon the purpose of purchasing the product

In the era of e-commerce and atomization, the expectations of customers have increased multi-fold. The customers want virtual displays of the products, automatic billings, electronic customer relationship management and much more. They want to be informed about the offers and benefits available at the store timely. However, at the same time they are not compromising with the quality and price. The basic consumer behaviour in the time of technology driven businesses is still same. The present paper is about checking out and impact of all these customer expectations on purchase intention in the form of marketing strategies by the consumer goods retailers in Vietnam. The present study is exploratory cum descriptive in nature. The dependent variable in the study is purchase intention and the independent variables are ‘ease and convenience’, ‘price and discounts’, ‘product quality’ and ‘use of Technology’. Retailers have been characterized by the respondents in the light of four independent variables stated above and then a relationship of these variables has been established with customers' intent to purchase. The sample size of this study is 408 respondents who used to purchase from the retailers in Vietnam. Structured questionnaire was distributed to all the respondents for collecting their responses. Total 550 questionnaires for distributed out of which 408 questionnaires for found fit for analysis. Statistical tools such as ‘confirmatory factor analysis’ and ‘structural equation modeling’ have been used to analyze the data. It was found from the results that all the four independent variables have significant impact on the Purchase intention of consumers. This reflects that the consumer goods retailers in Vietnam have to maintain with the Expectations of consumers for better sales performance.

The reviews of the consumers who are shopping online play a substantial role in forming the intentions of purchasing others. The digital platforms are progressing day in, day out, which are providing the chance to the customers to share and state their views, comments, and opinions, and simultaneously, it is establishing a strong means of marketing which is recognized as electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) which has gotten an essential source to gather the details concerning any product for the consumers. Review consensus provides comprehensiveness to e-WOM. Single or limited reviews fail to give a complete picture to the eWOM, thus to permit customers to make a proper decision, multiple studies with similarities among them are required. In the current survey, a sample of 328 online customers has been considered through a structured questionnaire designed on a five-point interval scale. Mean score and Multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The data analysis has been done with the help of SPSS 20.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). This study found that most of the aspects of review consensus have a positive impact on e-WOM and E-Purchase Satisfaction for consumer goods. It was found from the study that the variables such as extended reviews are always better for review consensus if it is found positive reviews, even if there is a consensus, they can be considered to be biased, and Higher review consensus can only be achieved when we explore multiple sources of reviews are the most significant concerning the buyer’s interaction towards reviews. However, at the same time, the purchase is influenced by E-WOM; review consensus depends upon the purpose of purchasing the product

In the era of e-commerce and atomization, the expectations of customers have increased multi-fold. The customers want virtual displays of the products, automatic billings, electronic customer relationship management and much more. They want to be informed about the offers and benefits available at the store timely. However, at the same time they are not compromising with the quality and price. The basic consumer behaviour in the time of technology driven businesses is still same. The present paper is about checking out and impact of all these customer expectations on purchase intention in the form of marketing strategies by the consumer goods retailers in Vietnam. The present study is exploratory cum descriptive in nature. The dependent variable in the study is purchase intention and the independent variables are ‘ease and convenience’, ‘price and discounts’, ‘product quality’ and ‘use of Technology’. Retailers have been characterized by the respondents in the light of four independent variables stated above and then a relationship of these variables has been established with customers' intent to purchase. The sample size of this study is 408 respondents who used to purchase from the retailers in Vietnam. Structured questionnaire was distributed to all the respondents for collecting their responses. Total 550 questionnaires for distributed out of which 408 questionnaires for found fit for analysis. Statistical tools such as ‘confirmatory factor analysis’ and ‘structural equation modeling’ have been used to analyze the data. It was found from the results that all the four independent variables have significant impact on the Purchase intention of consumers. This reflects that the consumer goods retailers in Vietnam have to maintain with the Expectations of consumers for better sales performance.

The web-based atmosphere has a solid similarity with this present reality and is found in pretty much every edge of the world. The web has turned into a compulsory release in living souls. The significant change in the shopping system sped up the simplicity and comfort of individuals yet has left provisos in making up for the shortfall of substantial quality and confirmation at the cost paid. A comment from a past client or a specialist is a flat out determinant in deciding the legitimacy of the products and lifts its deal, on the web. The principle reason for the review is the fi nd which sort of audits influence the purchaser merchandise buy goal. This study depicts about the change in the example of internet shopping and weights on factors that can help in entrusting trust in clients who buy purchaser merchandise over the web. Vietnam is known as a developing economy that has embraced web for valuable purposes. The new review is observational in nature. It includes an example size of 358 respondents that has been gathered through an organized poll. The information has been gathered from the respondents based on purposive examining and has been dissected with the assistance of mean score and various relapse. It was found from the review that the main parts of online surveys are they give stowed away data about item highlights and use these are the primary thing that one alludes prior to making items Extended audits give through data about the item and more accommodating. A large portion of the types of online audits decidedly affect buy aim. Nonetheless, buy purpose isn't impacted by - I generally have faith in internet based audits and online surveys are one-sided.

Now it is the need of the hour to explore transformational pathways that take a comprehensive people and planet approach to ensure a prosperous and healthy future for all on a resilient and healthy planet. Gradually and rapidly, awareness intensifies that the universally adopted Sustainable Development Goals can only be achieved through an unprecedented transformation of the economies, societies, and technologies worldwide. Sustainability is a matter of need that requires the deployment of economic,political, social implements, technological innovations, and changes in lifestyles to bring about the needed transformational changes at every scale. The concept of Sustainability was developed to create guidelines that allow the development of societies while preserving the environment. Its official definition was established in the Brundtland Report (1987), which states that Sustainable Development consists of meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The concept is based on three aspects: society, economy, and environment. Transformations for sustainable development must be based on the reform of the relationship between these aspects i.e., society, economy, and the environment. New mindsets and behaviour must work towards a sustainable outlook.&nbsp

This case study documents the internationalization effort of a Swiss SME which strongly benefited and revolved around the leadership of its co-founder and CEO with an early drive for internationalization. Not only did the company experiment with international production locations, it also quickly established global reach in marketing and distribution. By 2018, its leadership was challenged internationally as the maintenance of operations and distribution stretched resources and questioned efficiency in using of them. In a subsequent phase of analysis, consolidation, and dedicated investment, the leadership strengthened its international strategic effort and successfully developed global sales., + ID der Publikation: hslu_92179 + Art des Beitrages: Buchkapitel/Beitrag in Sammelband + Herausgeberschaft: Ingo Stolz; Sylvie Oldenziel Scherrer + Seiten: 373 - 385 + Titel der Reihe: uniscope. Publikationen der SGO Stiftung. + Sprache: Englisch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-11-08 14:53:09 + This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in "International Leadership". The final authenticated version is available online at: 10.1007/978-3-658-37306-1_18.

This case study documents the internationalization effort of a Swiss SME which strongly benefited and revolved around the leadership of its co-founder and CEO with an early drive for internationalization. Not only did the company experiment with international production locations, it also quickly established global reach in marketing and distribution. By 2018, its leadership was challenged internationally as the maintenance of operations and distribution stretched resources and questioned efficiency in using of them. In a subsequent phase of analysis, consolidation, and dedicated investment, the leadership strengthened its international strategic effort and successfully developed global sales., + ID der Publikation: hslu_92179 + Art des Beitrages: Buchkapitel/Beitrag in Sammelband + Herausgeberschaft: Ingo Stolz; Sylvie Oldenziel Scherrer + Seiten: 373 - 385 + Titel der Reihe: uniscope. Publikationen der SGO Stiftung. + Sprache: Englisch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-11-08 14:53:09 + This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in "International Leadership". The final authenticated version is available online at: 10.1007/978-3-658-37306-1_18.

This case study documents the internationalization effort of a Swiss SME which strongly benefited and revolved around the leadership of its co-founder and CEO with an early drive for internationalization. Not only did the company experiment with international production locations, it also quickly established global reach in marketing and distribution. By 2018, its leadership was challenged internationally as the maintenance of operations and distribution stretched resources and questioned efficiency in using of them. In a subsequent phase of analysis, consolidation, and dedicated investment, the leadership strengthened its international strategic effort and successfully developed global sales., + ID der Publikation: hslu_92179 + Art des Beitrages: Buchkapitel/Beitrag in Sammelband + Herausgeberschaft: Ingo Stolz; Sylvie Oldenziel Scherrer + Seiten: 373 - 385 + Titel der Reihe: uniscope. Publikationen der SGO Stiftung. + Sprache: Englisch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-11-08 14:53:09 + This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in "International Leadership". The final authenticated version is available online at: 10.1007/978-3-658-37306-1_18.

As iniciativas de integração regional proporcionam a oportunidade de integrar as estruturas produtivas dos países envolvidos, buscando a exploração de economias de escala e atividades de maior valor agregado. Este artigo tem como objetivo mensurar o avanço da integração produtiva entre Brasil e Argentina, no sentido de averiguar se este fenômeno foi favorecido pela formação do Mercosul. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se em indicadores de participação do comércio intraindustrial e da incidência do intercâmbio de bens intermediários. Os resultados revelam crescimento limitado e movimentos instáveis dos indicadores de integração produtiva. As evidências sugerem que a contribuição de uma integração regional na promoção da integração produtiva será maior à medida que mais eficientes e sustentadas forem as políticas voltadas para esse objetivo

As iniciativas de integração regional proporcionam a oportunidade de integrar as estruturas produtivas dos países envolvidos, buscando a exploração de economias de escala e atividades de maior valor agregado. Este artigo tem como objetivo mensurar o avanço da integração produtiva entre Brasil e Argentina, no sentido de averiguar se este fenômeno foi favorecido pela formação do Mercosul. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se em indicadores de participação do comércio intraindustrial e da incidência do intercâmbio de bens intermediários. Os resultados revelam crescimento limitado e movimentos instáveis dos indicadores de integração produtiva. As evidências sugerem que a contribuição de uma integração regional na promoção da integração produtiva será maior à medida que mais eficientes e sustentadas forem as políticas voltadas para esse objetivo

Most engineering design processes today are more focused on functional aspects of product design and do not take aesthetic elements into account. Therefore, they are often difficult to use, unattractive, and/or do not solve the intended problems. As for the designers, they are not well-equipped to properly include aesthetic considerations during their design process, even though the advantages are widely acknowledged. This study proposes an Infinitive Qualitative Method (IQM) that effectively combines together theories from multiple disciplines such as social sciences, mechanical engineering design, industrial design and marketing management. The need for the new design framework is more pronounced for small manufacturing companies due to limited resources and also a lack of design skills among their small workforces. In fact, this research study is motivated by discussions and suggestions by the owners of two small companies producing consumer products within the local manufacturing industry in Malaysia. The IQM framework consists of two main components: product design and product development. The product design process includes an exploratory phase comprised of three stages: vision, ideation, and 3D conceptual. As for aesthetics, it is fully embedded within these stages by using established aesthetic design tools. Conversely, for the product development process, it explains the progress from multiple disciplines that have been adapted to ensure an efficient development process for the product. Ultimately, both of these components are interlinked with each other at a point in the framework where the product design component provides a theoretical design foundation for various stages of progress before engineering, manufacturing, and marketing teams take in-charge. The validation of the IQM design framework is achieved through triangulation analysis of results from a conducted survey, controlled experiment, and full-scale case study. IQM design framework adapts the

Most engineering design processes today are more focused on functional aspects of product design and do not take aesthetic elements into account. Therefore, they are often difficult to use, unattractive, and/or do not solve the intended problems. As for the designers, they are not well-equipped to properly include aesthetic considerations during their design process, even though the advantages are widely acknowledged. This study proposes an Infinitive Qualitative Method (IQM) that effectively combines together theories from multiple disciplines such as social sciences, mechanical engineering design, industrial design and marketing management. The need for the new design framework is more pronounced for small manufacturing companies due to limited resources and also a lack of design skills among their small workforces. In fact, this research study is motivated by discussions and suggestions by the owners of two small companies producing consumer products within the local manufacturing industry in Malaysia. The IQM framework consists of two main components: product design and product development. The product design process includes an exploratory phase comprised of three stages: vision, ideation, and 3D conceptual. As for aesthetics, it is fully embedded within these stages by using established aesthetic design tools. Conversely, for the product development process, it explains the progress from multiple disciplines that have been adapted to ensure an efficient development process for the product. Ultimately, both of these components are interlinked with each other at a point in the framework where the product design component provides a theoretical design foundation for various stages of progress before engineering, manufacturing, and marketing teams take in-charge. The validation of the IQM design framework is achieved through triangulation analysis of results from a conducted survey, controlled experiment, and full-scale case study. IQM design framework adapts the

Rural consumer buys a product when it is required for his/her own use, and most often they prefer local markets for making purchase. But according to them it is just a transaction. They are not conscious about unethical practices faced by them in the market and never raise their voice against seller. Are they aware about their rights and duties in market? The consumer protection act, 2019 ensures effective protection of consumers and as such makes provision for the development of consumer dispute forums on a three-tier basis. It is the duty of consumer to identify his rights with the help of a local body and voluntary organizations. This research reveals the unethical practices faced by rural consumers at the point of sale and the extent to which they are aware of consumer rights and responsibilities.

In recent years, an increasing amount of plastic packaging waste has drawn attention from consumers, media and policymakers alike. To tackle this, the concept of a circular economy (CE) is well established in Europe through the implementation of the European Strategy for Plastics in the Circular Economy. The strategy places an importance on improving recycling to increase the amount of high value materials in circular loops. An innovation intended to achieve this is chemical recycling, which provides an alternative to the current mechanical recycling system. Improvements in recycling are also being met with innovations in the sorting of the plastic packaging waste to improve overall recyclability. One such packaging waste that can benefit from these innovations is composite plastic aluminium packaging. The example taken in this report is that of single-use coffee capsules. These are incinerated due to their poor recyclability in current mechanical recycling systems, leading to a loss of materials, counteractive to the CE approach. This review outlines the end-of-life of such packaging and explores chemical recycling and sorting technologies that can help to realise a CE for the waste. The work also includes a qualitative exploration of the overall packaging waste system to analyse barriers towards a CE and propose interventions for the CE transition. The work gathers information on different chemical recycling and sorting technologies through semi-structured interviews with practitioners and a review of scientific publications. In line with CE strategies, solvent dissolution is chosen as a potential chemical recycling technology for the coffee capsules. Subsequently, the collection and sorting of the capsules is outlined through flow diagrams, and a sorting protocol is drawn up for isolating a feedstock of the capsules for recycling with solvent dissolution. Two promising sorting technologies are highlighted here: NIR scanners with deep learning and packaging marker

Rural consumer buys a product when it is required for his/her own use, and most often they prefer local markets for making purchase. But according to them it is just a transaction. They are not conscious about unethical practices faced by them in the market and never raise their voice against seller. Are they aware about their rights and duties in market? The consumer protection act, 2019 ensures effective protection of consumers and as such makes provision for the development of consumer dispute forums on a three-tier basis. It is the duty of consumer to identify his rights with the help of a local body and voluntary organizations. This research reveals the unethical practices faced by rural consumers at the point of sale and the extent to which they are aware of consumer rights and responsibilities.

Rural consumer buys a product when it is required for his/her own use, and most often they prefer local markets for making purchase. But according to them it is just a transaction. They are not conscious about unethical practices faced by them in the market and never raise their voice against seller. Are they aware about their rights and duties in market? The consumer protection act, 2019 ensures effective protection of consumers and as such makes provision for the development of consumer dispute forums on a three-tier basis. It is the duty of consumer to identify his rights with the help of a local body and voluntary organizations. This research reveals the unethical practices faced by rural consumers at the point of sale and the extent to which they are aware of consumer rights and responsibilities.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh earning per share, dividend per share, return on assets dan return on equity terhadap harga saham. Variabel independen yaitu earning per share, dividend per share, return on assets, dan return on equity. Sedangkan variabel dependen yaitu Harga Saham. Penelitian ini memiliki populasi sebanyak 56 perusahaan yang merupakan Perusahaan Consumer Goods yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2019. Teknik pengambilan data sampel adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah 18 perusahaan. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari laporan keuangan tahunan yang diperoleh dari website resmi BEI, yaitu www.idx.co.id. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan, yaitu : Uji Statistik Deskriptif, Uji Asumsi Klasik, Uji Hipotesis, dan Uji Regresi Linear Berganda, dengan menggunakan tools software SPSS versi 25. Hasil pengujian dalam penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa hasil penelitian, earning per share berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham, dividend per share tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham, return on assets tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham dan return on equity berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham. Bedasarkan hasil uji simultan (uji F) membuktikan bahwa earning per share, dividend per share, return on assets, dan return on equity secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh earning per share, dividend per share, return on assets dan return on equity terhadap harga saham. Variabel independen yaitu earning per share, dividend per share, return on assets, dan return on equity. Sedangkan variabel dependen yaitu Harga Saham. Penelitian ini memiliki populasi sebanyak 56 perusahaan yang merupakan Perusahaan Consumer Goods yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2019. Teknik pengambilan data sampel adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah 18 perusahaan. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari laporan keuangan tahunan yang diperoleh dari website resmi BEI, yaitu www.idx.co.id. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan, yaitu : Uji Statistik Deskriptif, Uji Asumsi Klasik, Uji Hipotesis, dan Uji Regresi Linear Berganda, dengan menggunakan tools software SPSS versi 25. Hasil pengujian dalam penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa hasil penelitian, earning per share berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham, dividend per share tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham, return on assets tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham dan return on equity berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham. Bedasarkan hasil uji simultan (uji F) membuktikan bahwa earning per share, dividend per share, return on assets, dan return on equity secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham.

Rural consumer buys a product when it is required for his/her own use, and most often they prefer local markets for making purchase. But according to them it is just a transaction. They are not conscious about unethical practices faced by them in the market and never raise their voice against seller. Are they aware about their rights and duties in market? The consumer protection act, 2019 ensures effective protection of consumers and as such makes provision for the development of consumer dispute forums on a three-tier basis. It is the duty of consumer to identify his rights with the help of a local body and voluntary organizations. This research reveals the unethical practices faced by rural consumers at the point of sale and the extent to which they are aware of consumer rights and responsibilities.

The Packaging Yearbook is the industry ‘bible’ for packaging specifiers and decision makers throughout the food & drink and FMCG manufacturing sectors. It provides invaluable information and supplier contact details and is an invaluable tool for companies aiming to develop sales in the food, drink, FMCG and pharmaceutical packaging sectors. Packaging Yearbook is aimed at the heads of packaging, senior executives and decision makers throughout Britain’s food & drink and non-food FMCG manufacturing sectors. With a collective annual turnover in excess of over £70 billion, our influential readership is actively specifying new technology and equipment. The Packaging Society is a long-term supporter and our forward is written by its chairman., The Packaging Yearbook is the industry ‘bible’ for packaging specifiers and decision makers throughout the food & drink and FMCG manufacturing sectors. It provides invaluable information and supplier contact details and is an invaluable tool for companies aiming to develop sales in the food, drink, FMCG and pharmaceutical packaging sectors. Packaging Yearbook is aimed at the heads of packaging, senior executives and decision makers throughout Britain’s food & drink and non-food FMCG manufacturing sectors. With a collective annual turnover in excess of over £70 billion, our influential readership is actively specifying new technology and equipment. The Packaging Society is a long-term supporter and our forward is written by its chairman.

In recent years, an increasing amount of plastic packaging waste has drawn attention from consumers, media and policymakers alike. To tackle this, the concept of a circular economy (CE) is well established in Europe through the implementation of the European Strategy for Plastics in the Circular Economy. The strategy places an importance on improving recycling to increase the amount of high value materials in circular loops. An innovation intended to achieve this is chemical recycling, which provides an alternative to the current mechanical recycling system. Improvements in recycling are also being met with innovations in the sorting of the plastic packaging waste to improve overall recyclability. One such packaging waste that can benefit from these innovations is composite plastic aluminium packaging. The example taken in this report is that of single-use coffee capsules. These are incinerated due to their poor recyclability in current mechanical recycling systems, leading to a loss of materials, counteractive to the CE approach. This review outlines the end-of-life of such packaging and explores chemical recycling and sorting technologies that can help to realise a CE for the waste. The work also includes a qualitative exploration of the overall packaging waste system to analyse barriers towards a CE and propose interventions for the CE transition. The work gathers information on different chemical recycling and sorting technologies through semi-structured interviews with practitioners and a review of scientific publications. In line with CE strategies, solvent dissolution is chosen as a potential chemical recycling technology for the coffee capsules. Subsequently, the collection and sorting of the capsules is outlined through flow diagrams, and a sorting protocol is drawn up for isolating a feedstock of the capsules for recycling with solvent dissolution. Two promising sorting technologies are highlighted here: NIR scanners with deep learning and packaging marker

The demand for animal products is projected to increase progressively due to extensive urbanization, rapid growth of human population and income dynamics. However, the evolution of food demand is strictly linked to the change in consumer preferences. Consumers around the world are progressively becoming more concerned and aware about food standards, quality and safety issues. The purpose of this study was to determine consumers’ preference regarding safe and quality beef and WTP for graded beef in Polokwane municipality. The research surveyed 150 consumers using a structured questionnaire to collect data on consumer characteristics and responses to different bid levels for graded beef. Analytical methods were descriptive statistics, Likert scales, contingent valuation method to evaluate respondents’ mean WTP for graded beef and logit model to determine the dependence of WTP on socioeconomic factors. Results showed that consumers prefer their beef tender, with less fat and bones and labelled with price, grade/class, size or quantity of the product and lastly quality inspection or certification indicator. Over half of the respondents (53%) were aware of grading or classification systems. The results further revealed that most respondents are willing to pay an increase of 16.04 % over the current price for beef. This could be an opportunity for investments in beef label industry. Consumer characteristics including age, income, gender and household size significantly influenced WTP for graded beef in Polokwane Municipality. Marketing strategies considered by beef product investors should target young, female and wealthier consumers. Grading with respect to quality attributes would make beef sales at differentiated prices possible. This will eventually enhance sales volume and returns for all stakeholders along the value chain, National Research Fund

Introduction. Companies of distribution channels are mainly responsible broker transactions between suppliers and resellers. Additionally, they serve as agents between resellers and end-users commissioning resale. This article was developed in a national distributor of automation, with 20 years in this market that presents problems in stock as ruptures and excesses, actions seeking to minimize these core problems. Objective. The objective of the research was to analyze and contextualize these variables and thus identify suggestions for actions to improve how to avoid problems in inventory management. Materials and methods. The methodology was qualitative analysis, and as a research method, the single case study was analyzed. A structured questionnaire and evaluated information from the database of the company was applied. A flowchart of the purchasing and storage area was designed to map the functioning of the sector. Results. The results showed the company believes it has adequate inventory control, but identified the need for improvements due to frequent disruptions in stock, as well as the excess items with low sales turnover. Conclusions. Tools and inventory management indicators were determined to control the distribution logistics problems., Resumo Introdução: As empresas dos canais de distribuição têm como principal função intermediar transações entre os fornecedores e revendas. Além disso, elas servem como agentes entre as revendas e os usuários finais comissionando à revenda. Este artigo foi desenvolvido em uma distribuidora nacional de automação, com 20 anos neste mercado que apresenta problemas no estoque como: rupturas e excessos, buscando ações para minimizar estes principais problemas. Objetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar e contextualizar estas variáveis, podendo assim identificar sugestões de ações de melhorias de como evitar problemas em gestão de estoques. Materiais e métodos: A metodologia utilizada foi a análise qualitativa, tendo como método de pesquisa o estudo de caso único. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado e avaliadas as informações do banco de dados da empresa. Foi elaborado um fluxograma do setor de compras e estoque para mapear o funcionamento do setor. Resultados: Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram a empresa acredita que tem um controle de estoque adequado, mas identificou a necessidade de melhorias, devido às frequentes rupturas no estoque, assim como os excessos de itens com baixo giro de vendas. Conclusões: Foram determinados ferramentas e indicadores de gestão de estoques para controlar os problemas de distribuição logística., Resumen Introducción: Las empresas de los canales de distribución tienen como principal función intermediar transacciones entre los proveedores y reventas. Además, ellos sirven como agentes entre los revendedores y los usuarios finales comisionando a la reventa. Este artículo fue desarrollado en una distribuidora nacional de automatización, con 20 años en este mercado y que presenta problemas en el stock como rupturas y excesos, buscando acciones para minimizar estés problemas principales. Objetivo: El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar y contextualizar estas variables, pudiendo así identificar sugerencias de acciones de mejoras de cómo evitar problemas en la gestión de inventarios. Materiales y métodos: La metodología utilizada fue el análisis cualitativo, teniendo como método de investigación el estudio de caso. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado y evaluado la información de la base de datos de la empresa. Se elaboró un diagrama de flujo del sector de compras y stock para mapear el funcionamiento del sector. Resultados: Los resultados de la investigación evidenciaron que la empresa cree que tiene un control de inventario adecuado, pero identificó la necesidad de mejoras, debido a las frecuentes rupturas en el stock, así como los excesos de ítems con bajo giro de ventas. Conclusiones: Se han determinado herramientas e indicadores de gestión de stocks para controlar los problemas de distribución logística.

Introduction. Companies of distribution channels are mainly responsible broker transactions between suppliers and resellers. Additionally, they serve as agents between resellers and end-users commissioning resale. This article was developed in a national distributor of automation, with 20 years in this market that presents problems in stock as ruptures and excesses, actions seeking to minimize these core problems. Objective. The objective of the research was to analyze and contextualize these variables and thus identify suggestions for actions to improve how to avoid problems in inventory management. Materials and methods. The methodology was qualitative analysis, and as a research method, the single case study was analyzed. A structured questionnaire and evaluated information from the database of the company was applied. A flowchart of the purchasing and storage area was designed to map the functioning of the sector. Results. The results showed the company believes it has adequate inventory control, but identified the need for improvements due to frequent disruptions in stock, as well as the excess items with low sales turnover. Conclusions. Tools and inventory management indicators were determined to control the distribution logistics problems., Resumo Introdução: As empresas dos canais de distribuição têm como principal função intermediar transações entre os fornecedores e revendas. Além disso, elas servem como agentes entre as revendas e os usuários finais comissionando à revenda. Este artigo foi desenvolvido em uma distribuidora nacional de automação, com 20 anos neste mercado que apresenta problemas no estoque como: rupturas e excessos, buscando ações para minimizar estes principais problemas. Objetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar e contextualizar estas variáveis, podendo assim identificar sugestões de ações de melhorias de como evitar problemas em gestão de estoques. Materiais e métodos: A metodologia utilizada foi a análise qualitativa, tendo como método de pesquisa o estudo de caso único. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado e avaliadas as informações do banco de dados da empresa. Foi elaborado um fluxograma do setor de compras e estoque para mapear o funcionamento do setor. Resultados: Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram a empresa acredita que tem um controle de estoque adequado, mas identificou a necessidade de melhorias, devido às frequentes rupturas no estoque, assim como os excessos de itens com baixo giro de vendas. Conclusões: Foram determinados ferramentas e indicadores de gestão de estoques para controlar os problemas de distribuição logística., Resumen Introducción: Las empresas de los canales de distribución tienen como principal función intermediar transacciones entre los proveedores y reventas. Además, ellos sirven como agentes entre los revendedores y los usuarios finales comisionando a la reventa. Este artículo fue desarrollado en una distribuidora nacional de automatización, con 20 años en este mercado y que presenta problemas en el stock como rupturas y excesos, buscando acciones para minimizar estés problemas principales. Objetivo: El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar y contextualizar estas variables, pudiendo así identificar sugerencias de acciones de mejoras de cómo evitar problemas en la gestión de inventarios. Materiales y métodos: La metodología utilizada fue el análisis cualitativo, teniendo como método de investigación el estudio de caso. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado y evaluado la información de la base de datos de la empresa. Se elaboró un diagrama de flujo del sector de compras y stock para mapear el funcionamiento del sector. Resultados: Los resultados de la investigación evidenciaron que la empresa cree que tiene un control de inventario adecuado, pero identificó la necesidad de mejoras, debido a las frecuentes rupturas en el stock, así como los excesos de ítems con bajo giro de ventas. Conclusiones: Se han determinado herramientas e indicadores de gestión de stocks para controlar los problemas de distribución logística.

In diesem Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass temporäre räumliche Nähe zwischen Wirtschaftsakteuren neben der Wissensgenerierung ebenfalls einen produktionsbedingten Zweck verfolgen kann. Dabei werden materielle Konsumgüter aufgrund neuer technologischer Entwicklungen und Trends durch temporäre räumliche Nähe zwischen Endkunden und Produzenten erzeugt und in diesem Beitrag am Beispiel der urbanen Produktion diskutiert. Der temporäre Austausch hat das Ziel, ein den individuellen Wünschen der jeweiligen Kunden entsprechendes materielles Gut in Echtzeit zu erstellen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, produktionsbedingte temporäre räumliche Nähe zu analysieren aufzuzeigen, wie sie Produktionsstandorte und Produktionsstätten sowie die Beziehung zu Kunden prägt. Anhand einer Literaturanalyse und Fallstudien wird produktionsbedingte temporäre räumliche Nähe in Großunternehmen, Manufakturen, Makerspaces und sogenannten Festivals untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Kunden intensiv in den Produktionsprozess eingebunden sind. Veränderungen der Produktionsweise und Produktionsstätte sind die Konsequenz, da es um die Herstellung von Einzelstücken geht. Zusätzlich verändern sich aber auch die Produktionsstandorte, die aufgrund größerer Marktnähe in stark frequentierte Einzelhandelslagen oder Wohngebiete rücken. Produktionsbedingte temporäre räumliche Nähe zwischen Produzenten und Kunden und damit verbundene innerstädtische Produktion wird die massenhafte Herstellung von Konsumgütern nicht ablösen. Sie ist jedoch ein wichtiger Faktor, der die der Wahl von Geschäftsmodellen und Unternehmensstandorten angesichts des gegenwärtigen Trends der Individualisierung von Konsumgütern beeinflusst., This article argues that temporary spatial proximity between economic agents can also have a productionrelated purpose besides knowledge generation. At the same time, due to new technological developments and trends, consumer goods are generated by temporary spatial proximity between end customers and producers. The purpose of the temporary exchange is to create material goods meeting the individual demands of the respective customer in real time. The aim of this paper is to analyse production-related temporary spatial proximity of urban manufacturing to show how production sites and locations as well as the relationship with customers are altered. Based on a literature analysis and case studies, production-related temporary spatial proximity in large companies, factories, makerspaces and festivals is examined. The results show that customers are intensively involved in the production process. Changes in the production method and location are the consequence, since it is about the production of individual pieces. In addition, production locations change, as they need to be in retail locations or housing areas, i.e. close to the market where the end consumers are. Production-oriented temporal spatial proximity between producers and consumers and associated inner-city production will not replace mass production of consumer goods. However, it is an important factor influencing the choice of business models and business locations for entrepreneurs given the current trend in the individualisation of consumer goods.

Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den Zusammenhang zwischen Konsum und der Herausbildung politischer Gemeinschaften bei Karl Marx, Pierre Bourdieu und Ernesto Laclau und Chantal Mouffe. Für Marx ist die Konsumption in kapitalistischen Gesellschaften konstiutiv für die Herausbildung des Klassenwiderspruches zwischen Arbeit und Kapital. Auch Bourdieu analysiert die Rolle des Konsumierens in Hinblick auf ihre klassenbildende Funktion. Er wendet sich jedoch von einem rein materialistischen Konsumptionsverständnis ab und betont die symbolisch-kulturelle Dimension des Konsumierens für die Herausbildung von Klassen in modernen Gesellschaften. Anders als Bourdieu geben Laclau/Mouffe einen Ausblick auf die Frage, wie sich unterschiedliche soziale Positionen auf der Grundlage einer Vervielfältigung sozialer Antagonismen zusammenschließen, um neue Gemeinschaftsformen zu bilden.

En aquesta memòria es descriuen els passos a seguir per implementar un operador logístic a una empresa de béns de consum. La redacció de la memòria està feta des del punt de vista d’una empresa consultora, la qual el seu primer objectiu es vendre el seu model de implementació d’un operador logístic a un client. En la primera fase del treball la problemàtica per la qual pot necessitar un canvi de model de gestió de la seva pròpia xarxa de transports. Aquesta xarxa de transport a actualitzar és la que conté tots els seus centres de producció i els seus clients secundaris, que són els compradors dels béns de consum produïts. Posteriorment es descriu quin és el model d’empresa i quins són els seus processos de gestió de la xarxa de transports previs a la implementació de l’operador logístic, juntament amb quins són els problemes inherents als processos actuals. Es descriu un pla d’acció per a pal·liar les ineficiències de la xarxa de transports, incloent un recull d’eines informàtiques requerides, una guia d’implementació de l’operador logístic per passos juntament amb la nova metodologia de treball de l’operador logístic. A continuació es fa un anàlisi econòmic dels paràmetres clau que poden discernir la viabilitat econòmica del projecte, i finalment un pla de continuïtat per a poder mantenir un rendiment adequat del esmentat operador i poder aconseguir un estalvi major del total de la despesa en transports en el futur.

Целью исследования явился анализ состояния промышленного производства в Свердловской области в 1990-х годах и его влияния на обеспеченность населения товарами широкого потребления. Тема актуальна в контексте изучения воздействия кризиса на материальное положение населения. Исследование проведено на материалах, предоставляемых Территориальным органом Федеральной службы государственной статистики, с привлечением научной и публицистической литературы по данному вопросу. Утверждается, что к падению объемов производства в 1990-е годы привел крах сложившейся за десятилетия системы хозяйственных связей в рамках СССР и Совета экономической взаимопомощи, а также сокращение закупок материалов и комплектующих изделий из стран Запада. Декларируется, что падение объемов производства во всех без исключения отраслях промышленности Свердловской области продолжалось вплоть до 1999 года. Отмечается, что после 1998 года в промышленности региона начался подъем во всех ее отраслях, за исключением топливной. Доказывается, что состояние потребительского рынка в сегменте промышленных товаров для населения не коррелировало с динамикой их производства в регионе. Делается вывод, что глубокий кризис промышленного производства, продолжавшийся до конца 1990-х годов, на рынке товаров широкого потребления был в значительной мере скомпенсирован импортными поставками зарубежного ширпотреба., The aim of the study is to analyze the state of industrial production in the Sverdlovsk region in the 1990s and its impact on the provision of population with consumer goods. The topic is relevant in the context of studying the impact of the crisis on the financial situation of population. The study was conducted on the materials provided by the Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service, with the involvement of scientific and journalistic literature on this issue. It is argued that the fall in production in the 1990s was caused by the collapse of the decades-old system of economic relations within the USSR and the Council of economic mutual assistance, as well as the reduction of purchases of materials and components from Western countries. It is declared that the decline in production in all industries of the Sverdlovsk region without exception continued until 1999. It is noted that after 1998 the industry of the region began to rise in all its branches, except for fuel. It is proved that the state of the consumer market in the segment of industrial goods for population did not correlate with the dynamics of their production in the region. It is concluded that the deep crisis of industrial production, which lasted until the end of the 1990s, in the market of consumer goods was largely compensated by imports of foreign consumer goods.

Fast Moving Consumer Goods(FMCG) usually refers to those commodities that are used for a short period of time, have low value, are easy to consume, have a wide distribution of consumers, have a high frequency of purchase, and have a long purchase duration. Company A is a distributor of FMCG and has a large warehouse in BCN, has more than 20,000 types inventory in there, for example, smoking accessories, stationery, toys, hardware, light bulbs, toiletries, candles, kitchen utensils, tableware, etc. The customer of company A are those Bazar(Shop that sell FMCG) in Barcelona. At present, there are some problems in the A company's inventory management, moreover physical inventory and inventory data do not match. On the other hand, there are some items with inventory overstock and others with stock shortage. Therefore, how to improve inventory control has become a problem that Company A has to solve. The aim of the project is to improve inventory management of company A. Because this company has more than 20,000 types inventory, so I chose a goods with the most obvious inventory problems the plastic products.

The topic of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and its many equivalent terms, has been magnified in recent years, and with it, the uncertainty of the meaning of GMOs. Consumers are challenged with conflicting information on the safety of GMOs and whether or not consuming products sourced from genetically modified (GM) sources will negatively affect their health. The scientific community seems to be at odds with consumer advocacy groups. While scientists back the safety and risk of genetically modified foods, claiming equivalency to conventional food alternatives, consumer advocacy groups’ positions disagree with this opinion and are seeking point-of-purchase labeling differentiating foods made with genetic modification from those without. This paper will discuss these relevant topics of GMOs, the sourcing and availability of genetically modified foodstuffs, and the labeling and pending U.S. government regulation on genetically modified or “bioengineered” foods. Scientists assert genetic modification has been occurring in one form or another in nature for centuries. In attempt to demystify the bioengineered food spectrum, a panorama of various forms of genetic modification will be outlined, and the climate of consumers’ beliefs, attitudes and concerns over genetically modified foods will be examined.

Авторами рассматриваются два посредника: посредник между миром природы и человеком – средства труда или «основной капитал» общества, как производительная сила общественного труда, и посредник внутри общества – стоимость в форме денег, без чего нельзя определить производительность труда и структурные преобразования в обществе. В работе раскрывается инженерное понимание производительной силы и производительности технологического оборудования на примере расчёта и выбора автоматической линии., The authors consider two intermediaries: the intermediary between the world of the nature and the person – means of work or "fixed capital" of a society as productive force of social activities, and the intermediary inside a society – cost in the form of money without what it is impossible to define labour productivity and structural transformations in a society. The article gives engineering understanding of productive force and productivity of the process equipment by the example of calculation and a choice of the automatic transfer line.

Gemäß der Statistikbehörde Eurostat gehört Deutschland europaweit zu den Spitzenreitern in puncto Müllverursachung. Zahlreiche verbraucherpolitische Maßnahmen zielen daher auf Verhaltensänderungen der Bürger und Bürgerinnen ab. Solche Maßnahmen basieren - häufig wohl implizit - auf der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens (Ajzen 1991), die einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Einstellung, der Intention und dem Verhalten einer Person unterstellt. Eine empirische und verbraucherpolitische Schwäche dieser Theorie sind die regelmäßig feststellbaren Diskrepanzen: So werden trotz kritischer Diskussion um die deutsche Wegwerfkultur und des großen öffentlichen Interesses an einer Reduzierung der Ressourcenverschwendung umweltbewusste Einstellungen von den Verbrauchern kaum in tatsächliches Verhalten übertragen. Diese Diskrepanzen zwischen Einstellung, Intention und Verhalten sind in diesem Beitrag Gegenstand einer theoriegeleiteten empirischen Studie, deren Ergebnisse abschließend kritisch gewürdigt und daraus resultierende Handlungsempfehlungen genannt werden.