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Recent archaeological investigations conducted at Penns Neck, a community originally established by the descendants of Dutch immigrants in northern Mercer County, New Jersey, revealed evidence of prosperous late-colonial and post-revolutionary family networks extending from the mid eighteenth to the twentieth century. The presence of domestic residences and family-owned farming operations at Penns Neck, including those at the Schenk-Jewell farmhouse and the Covenhoven-Silvers-Logan house, provide the opportunity to examine the development of late eighteenth and nineteenth century rural communities, particularly with Dutch-heritage backgrounds, and to help explore the nuanced link between traditions utilized by farming households and larger institutional and socio-economic systems that operated within these farming communities. The research question addressed by this thesis is: what were the traditional elements of cultural identity embraced by Dutch communities, especially at Penns Neck, and how were traditions changed and adapted to the pursuit of capitalistic enterprises and ideologies. Using a Marxist approach coupled with ideas from world systems theory, analysis of consumption patterns, landscape design, and class relations can peer into the economic and social realities transpiring at these sites exposing ties to larger governing, and invisible, networks of power expressed within the community. Patterns of consumption, wealth distribution, and labor relations at Penns Neck show an intermeshing of traditional values and ideas that both resist and sway to general socio-economic pressures and circumstances emerging across the region. Spatial and temporal analysis of artifacts, architectural forms, and landscape development show clear attempts by the capitalist farmers to naturalize/solidify their place within the social-economic order, in which symbols supporting capitalistic ideologies were ingrained in the landscape. This contrasts with earlier community member

The article engages in a discussion with Martin Müller’s article In Search of a Global East through the categories of class and class distinction. While recognizing the potential political value of the “Global East” project, the author questions the ideological mechanisms which naturalize the stereotype of “Eastness as forsakenness.” As she points out, one of the effects of the “political and epistemological pro-ject” of the North–South divide (as well as stereotypical categorizations of the East) is obscuring the internal class dynamics of Northern, Southern and Eastern societies. In contrast, introducing class analysis – which includes exami-ning such practices as producing and buying counterfeits of original, luxury-brand commodities – allows us to uncover similar patterns of class distinction and reproduction across global capitalist societies of the North, South and East, and perhaps also to forge solidarities amongst classes which are regularly oppressed by the dominant global capitalist order., Artykuł podejmuje dyskusję z tekstem Martina Müllera, wprowadzając do namysłu nad pojęciem „globalnego wschodu” kategorię klasy i dystynkcji klasowej. Uznając potencjał polityczny projektu proponowanego przez Müllera, autorka podważa – częściowo powtórzone w jego artykule – ideologiczne mechanizmy naturalizujące stereotyp „Wschodu jako poczucia opuszczenia” (Eastness as forsakenness). Autorka zwraca uwagę, że jednym z efektów „politycznego i epistemologicznego projektu” podziału na Globalną Północ i Południe (oraz stereotypowych ujęć Wschodu) jest zaciemnianie podziałów klasowych wewnątrz północnych, południowych i wschodnich społeczeństw. Wprowadzenie analizy klasowej – uwzględniającej również takie jak praktyki kupowania i produkowania podróbek luksusowych marek – pozwala odkryć podobne wzory klasowej dystynkcji oraz reprodukcji klasowych hierarchii społeczeństw globalnego kapitalizmu. Może również pozwolić na zadzierzgnięcie opartych na solidarności relacji pomiędzy klasami regularnie prześladowanymi przez dominujący porządek globalnego kapitalizmu.

The article engages in a discussion with Martin Müller’s article In Search of a Global East through the categories of class and class distinction. While recognizing the potential political value of the “Global East” project, the author questions the ideological mechanisms which naturalize the stereotype of “Eastness as forsakenness.” As she points out, one of the effects of the “political and epistemological pro-ject” of the North–South divide (as well as stereotypical categorizations of the East) is obscuring the internal class dynamics of Northern, Southern and Eastern societies. In contrast, introducing class analysis – which includes exami-ning such practices as producing and buying counterfeits of original, luxury-brand commodities – allows us to uncover similar patterns of class distinction and reproduction across global capitalist societies of the North, South and East, and perhaps also to forge solidarities amongst classes which are regularly oppressed by the dominant global capitalist order., Artykuł podejmuje dyskusję z tekstem Martina Müllera, wprowadzając do namysłu nad pojęciem „globalnego wschodu” kategorię klasy i dystynkcji klasowej. Uznając potencjał polityczny projektu proponowanego przez Müllera, autorka podważa – częściowo powtórzone w jego artykule – ideologiczne mechanizmy naturalizujące stereotyp „Wschodu jako poczucia opuszczenia” (Eastness as forsakenness). Autorka zwraca uwagę, że jednym z efektów „politycznego i epistemologicznego projektu” podziału na Globalną Północ i Południe (oraz stereotypowych ujęć Wschodu) jest zaciemnianie podziałów klasowych wewnątrz północnych, południowych i wschodnich społeczeństw. Wprowadzenie analizy klasowej – uwzględniającej również takie jak praktyki kupowania i produkowania podróbek luksusowych marek – pozwala odkryć podobne wzory klasowej dystynkcji oraz reprodukcji klasowych hierarchii społeczeństw globalnego kapitalizmu. Może również pozwolić na zadzierzgnięcie opartych na solidarności relacji pomiędzy klasami regularnie prześladowanymi przez dominujący porządek globalnego kapitalizmu.

Rapporten presenterar hur arbetsskildrande arbetarlitteratur beskriver och kritiserar det samtida svenska klassamhället, och diskuterar hur arbetarlitteraturen kan utgöra underlag för klasspolitik., The report presents the representation and critique of the contemporary Swedish class society in working-class literature that depicts labor, and discusses how working-class literature can serve as a foundation for class politics.

Rapporten presenterar hur arbetsskildrande arbetarlitteratur beskriver och kritiserar det samtida svenska klassamhället, och diskuterar hur arbetarlitteraturen kan utgöra underlag för klasspolitik., The report presents the representation and critique of the contemporary Swedish class society in working-class literature that depicts labor, and discusses how working-class literature can serve as a foundation for class politics.

This article develops a new explorative method for deriving social class categories from patterns of occupational mobility. In line with Max Weber, our research is based on the notion that, if class boundaries do not inhibit social mobility then the class categories are of little value. Thus, unlike dominant, theoretically defined class schemes, this article derives social class categories from observed patterns in a mobility network covering intra-generational mobility. The network is based on a mobility table of 109 occupational categories tied together by 1,590,834 job shifts on the Danish labour market 2001–2007. The number of categories are reduced from 109 to 34 by applying a new clustering algorithm specifically designed for the study of mobility tables (MONECA). These intra-generational social class categories are related to the central discussions of gender, income, education and political action by providing empirical evidence of strong patterns of intra-generational class divisions along these lines.

This article develops a new explorative method for deriving social class categories from patterns of occupational mobility. In line with Max Weber, our research is based on the notion that, if class boundaries do not inhibit social mobility then the class categories are of little value. Thus, unlike dominant, theoretically defined class schemes, this article derives social class categories from observed patterns in a mobility network covering intra-generational mobility. The network is based on a mobility table of 109 occupational categories tied together by 1,590,834 job shifts on the Danish labour market 2001–2007. The number of categories are reduced from 109 to 34 by applying a new clustering algorithm specifically designed for the study of mobility tables (MONECA). These intra-generational social class categories are related to the central discussions of gender, income, education and political action by providing empirical evidence of strong patterns of intra-generational class divisions along these lines.

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This article presents the guidelines of the Social Structure National Survey (ENES), carried out by the Program for Research on Contemporary Argentine Society (PISAC). The goal is the design of a theoretical and methodological approach to the two main axes involved in the first phase of the Program: a-the social structure, social stratification and mobility; b) the living conditions of households, En este artículo se comunican los lineamientos centrales del diseño de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Estructura Social (ENES), llevada adelante por el Programa de Investigación sobre la Sociedad Argentina Contemporánea (PISAC). Se presentan aspectos generales relativos a las características de la muestra y las modalidades de relevamiento de la ENES y se desarrolla el abordaje teórico metodológico de los dos ejes principales involucrados en la encuesta: a) la estructura de clases, estratificación y movilidad social; b) las condiciones de vida de los hogares

This article presents the guidelines of the Social Structure National Survey (ENES), carried out by the Program for Research on Contemporary Argentine Society (PISAC). The goal is the design of a theoretical and methodological approach to the two main axes involved in the first phase of the Program: a-the social structure, social stratification and mobility; b) the living conditions of households, En este artículo se comunican los lineamientos centrales del diseño de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Estructura Social (ENES), llevada adelante por el Programa de Investigación sobre la Sociedad Argentina Contemporánea (PISAC). Se presentan aspectos generales relativos a las características de la muestra y las modalidades de relevamiento de la ENES y se desarrolla el abordaje teórico metodológico de los dos ejes principales involucrados en la encuesta: a) la estructura de clases, estratificación y movilidad social; b) las condiciones de vida de los hogares

Дается новое прочтение нестеровским портретам советского времени. Благодаря использованию редких архивных источников и новых изобразительных материалов расширяется представление о круге портретируемых Нестеровым лиц. Анализируя известные портреты художника, автор приходит к выводу, что портреты деятелей советской науки и культуры и религиозные картины Нестерова по духовному наполнению теснейшим образом связаны между собой, более того, составляют единое целое. Портрет, ставший для Нестерова в советское время единственной легальной возможностью представлять свое творчество широкой публике, воплощал тот же духовно-нравственный идеал, поиску которого было отдано все творчество художника. Мастер живописи, не только не расставшийся после революции со своей прекрасной религиозной живописью, но и свою портретную живопись насытивший новыми качествами, вырисовывается как фигура целостная и органичная, еще более масштабная, чем это представлялось ранее., The author suggests a new interpretation of Nesterov’s portraits painted during the Soviet era. Thanks to rare archival sources and new artistic materials, the article makes it possible to widen the idea of the people portrayed by Nesterov. Analyzing the artist’s famous works, the author concludes that in their spiritual essence, the portraits of Soviet scientists and people of culture as well as Nesterov’s religious paintings are deeply connected, and, what is more, should be regarded as a whole. Being Nesterov’s only legal means to introduce his art to the public, portrait painting incorporated the spiritual and moral ideal which the artist strove to achieve throughout his life. The master of painting, who parted with his excellent religious painting following the revolution, but also filling his portraits with new features, is depicted as an integral and organic personality even more imposing than it was previously thought.

Rad predstavlja sažet pregled razvoja klasnog pristupa u okviru tridesetogodišnjeg opusa profesora Mladena Lazića. Uvodno poglavlje posvećeno je prikazu osnovnih obrisa debata koje su se vodile akademskoj javnosti u pogledu upotrebljivosti i heurističke plodnosti teorijsko-pojmovnog okvira klasnog pristupa pri analizi načina na koji se strukturišu savremena društva. Sam pregled Lazićevog klasnog pristupa prati inverznu liniju razvoja i otpočinje prikazom klasnog stanovišta izloženog u studiji Čekajući kapitalizam, u okviru koje ono dobija svoj najpotpuniji i najrazvijeniji oblik. Razvoj datog stanovišta podeljen je u tri faze: upotreba klasnog pristupa pri analizi načina na koji se strukturiše socijalističko društvo, analiza tranzicionog društva Srbije i, konačno, upotreba klasnog pristupa pri analizi savremenog društva Srbije koje se konsoliduje na kapitalističkim osnovama. Ono što karakteriše sve tri razvojne faze, a naročito pristup koji je karakterističan za analizu postsocijalističke transformacije, je dopunjavanje klasne analize bilo stratifikacijskim stanovištem bilo teorijom elita., This paper represents a short overview of development of class analysis in the work of Professor Mladen Lazic. The opening chapter is devoted to the description of the main contours of the debates which took place in the academic community regarding the usability and heuristic richness of the theoretical and conceptual framework of class analysis approach to the way in which modern societies are structured. The overview of the author's class analysis approach begins with the study Waiting for Capitalism, in which it appears in its most complete and most mature form. The developing line of Lazic's class analysis has been divided into three stages: the use of class analysis in examination of the structuring of socialist societies; the analysis of the transitional society of Serbia; and finally, the use of class approach in analysis of contemporary capitalist Serbia. What characterizes all three development stages, and especially approach that is inherent to the analysis of post-socialist transformation, is the complementary use of either stratification approach or elite theory to class analysis.

Rad predstavlja sažet pregled razvoja klasnog pristupa u okviru tridesetogodišnjeg opusa profesora Mladena Lazića. Uvodno poglavlje posvećeno je prikazu osnovnih obrisa debata koje su se vodile akademskoj javnosti u pogledu upotrebljivosti i heurističke plodnosti teorijsko-pojmovnog okvira klasnog pristupa pri analizi načina na koji se strukturišu savremena društva. Sam pregled Lazićevog klasnog pristupa prati inverznu liniju razvoja i otpočinje prikazom klasnog stanovišta izloženog u studiji Čekajući kapitalizam, u okviru koje ono dobija svoj najpotpuniji i najrazvijeniji oblik. Razvoj datog stanovišta podeljen je u tri faze: upotreba klasnog pristupa pri analizi načina na koji se strukturiše socijalističko društvo, analiza tranzicionog društva Srbije i, konačno, upotreba klasnog pristupa pri analizi savremenog društva Srbije koje se konsoliduje na kapitalističkim osnovama. Ono što karakteriše sve tri razvojne faze, a naročito pristup koji je karakterističan za analizu postsocijalističke transformacije, je dopunjavanje klasne analize bilo stratifikacijskim stanovištem bilo teorijom elita., This paper represents a short overview of development of class analysis in the work of Professor Mladen Lazic. The opening chapter is devoted to the description of the main contours of the debates which took place in the academic community regarding the usability and heuristic richness of the theoretical and conceptual framework of class analysis approach to the way in which modern societies are structured. The overview of the author's class analysis approach begins with the study Waiting for Capitalism, in which it appears in its most complete and most mature form. The developing line of Lazic's class analysis has been divided into three stages: the use of class analysis in examination of the structuring of socialist societies; the analysis of the transitional society of Serbia; and finally, the use of class approach in analysis of contemporary capitalist Serbia. What characterizes all three development stages, and especially approach that is inherent to the analysis of post-socialist transformation, is the complementary use of either stratification approach or elite theory to class analysis.

Översättning till Ukrainska av "The Contained".

This paper examines the 1908 wood line strikes in Western Australia and the role of Southern European workers in these strikes within the context of Honneth’s theory of mobilisation. The paper argues against established views of these workers which perceive them as passive participants in culturally divisive anti-union employer strategies and for an alternative evidentiary and theoretical basis for interpreting Southern European worker-employer relations as well as relations within the culturally diverse industrial workforce of the Western Australian goldfields in the early 20th Century.

In analyzing social class from a discursive & emotional perspective, attention ought to be given to a particular aspect of the argumentative co-ordination of class interaction. We refer to the notion of 'the best argument', a concept originating in Habermas's classic Theory of Communicative Action. We argue that this concept needs to be reformulated before it can be applied to the analysis of class &, especially, to the relations of domination that are involved. This reformulation requires a critique of Habermas' theory. We focus on his social action typology in general &, in particular, his concept of communicative action. We propose that the concepts of 'the best argument' & communicative action (which we reformulate as the argumentative dimension of interaction) should not require symmetry between participants in an interaction. We suggest that these concepts should apply both to situations of symmetry & asymmetry. This allows us to better understand some of the mechanisms that sustain the process of social legitimization in unequal conditions.

A strongly recommended conclusion in sociology about trends in class inequality has been summarised by Goldthorpe as a high degree of 'temporal constancy & cross-national communality'. This conclusion, here called 'the stability thesis', was first challenged by Ringen in 1987 & again, on more methodological grounds, by Ringen & Hellevik in two papers published in 1997. These challenges resulted in a process of debate & reassessment. It is now possible to sum up & conclude. The stability thesis rests on empirical results from odds-ratio readings of mobility table data. The authority of this methodology is re-examined in terms of normative significance & statistical validity. Mobility table data which have generated stability thesis findings are re-analysed with the standard gini-index methodology in the study of inequality, then yielding different findings which contradict the stability thesis. The main conclusion is that the stability thesis can now be considered overturned.

U sociologiji na engleskom govornom području rasprava o klasi se vodila uglavnom oko dva pitanja. Prvo je da li je kriza marksističke klasne analize, nastala kao posledica slabljenja klasnog identiteta i opadanja klasnog ponašanja, istovremeno i znak krize sociološke koncepcije klasa. Jedan deo američkih, britanskih i australijskih sociologa na ovo pitanje odgovarao je potvrdno. Drugi deo je pak smatrao da se marksistička klasna analiza može zameniti veberijanskim pojmom stratifikacije. Drugo pitanje, u ovoj debati, ticalo se istraživačkog značaja klase za sociološku analizu. Jedni sociolozi, u ovoj raspravi, smatrali su da je njen objašnjavalački kapacitet iscrpljen. Drugi su, opet, tvrdili da klase ostaju jedno od najvažnijih oruđa kojima savremeni sociolog raspolaže. Konačno, u radu je ukazano i na treći način spasavanja klasne analize. Reč je o usredsređenju na kolektivni identitet i kolektivnu akciju pripadnika razvijenih zanimanja (struka), kao svojevrsnih "malih" klasa ili "protoklasa"., The contemporary debate on class issue within the sociology in English speaking countries focuses on two questions. The first question is whether the crisis of the Marxist class analysis, which arose as a consequence of weakening of class identity and class behavior, is at the same time a sign of crisis of sociological class conception. There are American, British and Australian sociologists whose answer to this question is affirmative. However, others have been claiming that the Marxist class analysis could be replaced by the Weberian concept of stratification. The second question in this debate is on the exploratory importance of class for sociological analysis. Some sociologists have been claiming that its explanatory capacity is exhausted. However, there are others who argue that classes remain one of the most important tools a modern sociologist has. Finally, this paper points to the third way of saving the class analysis. It is about focusing on collective identity and collective action of the members of "developed" professions, as a kind of "small" classes or "proto-classes".

This essay contains a comparative analysis of Erik Olin Wrights Marxist class analysis and Michael Hardt and Antonio Negris post-Marxist class analysis as presented in their books ?Empire? and ?Multitude: War and democracy in the age of Empire?. I discuss the shift in analytical focus from state level to global level that Hardt and Negri's analysis represent and the ensuing relevance of this for contemporary class analysis. The essay also address the challenge and implications posed to class analysis by the ever increasing economic globalization, from a material production to an ever growing immaterial service economy and the decrease in state power in controlling capital and labor movement. I propose that analytical understanding of class conflict help us to a better understanding of the mechanisms and dynamics that generate social and economical inequalities and that an updated Marxist class analysis still have much to contribute to our understanding to how these issues not only shape our society but also our capacity to counteract them.

U sociologiji na engleskom govornom području rasprava o klasi se vodila uglavnom oko dva pitanja. Prvo je da li je kriza marksističke klasne analize, nastala kao posledica slabljenja klasnog identiteta i opadanja klasnog ponašanja, istovremeno i znak krize sociološke koncepcije klasa. Jedan deo američkih, britanskih i australijskih sociologa na ovo pitanje odgovarao je potvrdno. Drugi deo je pak smatrao da se marksistička klasna analiza može zameniti veberijanskim pojmom stratifikacije. Drugo pitanje, u ovoj debati, ticalo se istraživačkog značaja klase za sociološku analizu. Jedni sociolozi, u ovoj raspravi, smatrali su da je njen objašnjavalački kapacitet iscrpljen. Drugi su, opet, tvrdili da klase ostaju jedno od najvažnijih oruđa kojima savremeni sociolog raspolaže. Konačno, u radu je ukazano i na treći način spasavanja klasne analize. Reč je o usredsređenju na kolektivni identitet i kolektivnu akciju pripadnika razvijenih zanimanja (struka), kao svojevrsnih "malih" klasa ili "protoklasa"., The contemporary debate on class issue within the sociology in English speaking countries focuses on two questions. The first question is whether the crisis of the Marxist class analysis, which arose as a consequence of weakening of class identity and class behavior, is at the same time a sign of crisis of sociological class conception. There are American, British and Australian sociologists whose answer to this question is affirmative. However, others have been claiming that the Marxist class analysis could be replaced by the Weberian concept of stratification. The second question in this debate is on the exploratory importance of class for sociological analysis. Some sociologists have been claiming that its explanatory capacity is exhausted. However, there are others who argue that classes remain one of the most important tools a modern sociologist has. Finally, this paper points to the third way of saving the class analysis. It is about focusing on collective identity and collective action of the members of "developed" professions, as a kind of "small" classes or "proto-classes".

This essay contains a comparative analysis of Erik Olin Wrights Marxist class analysis and Michael Hardt and Antonio Negris post-Marxist class analysis as presented in their books ?Empire? and ?Multitude: War and democracy in the age of Empire?. I discuss the shift in analytical focus from state level to global level that Hardt and Negri's analysis represent and the ensuing relevance of this for contemporary class analysis. The essay also address the challenge and implications posed to class analysis by the ever increasing economic globalization, from a material production to an ever growing immaterial service economy and the decrease in state power in controlling capital and labor movement. I propose that analytical understanding of class conflict help us to a better understanding of the mechanisms and dynamics that generate social and economical inequalities and that an updated Marxist class analysis still have much to contribute to our understanding to how these issues not only shape our society but also our capacity to counteract them.

By means of a reanalysis of the most relevant data source—the International Social Mobility and Politics File—this article criticizes the newly grown consensus in political sociology that class voting has declined since World War II. An increase in crosscutting cultural voting, rooted in educational differences rather than a decline in class voting, proves responsible for the decline of traditional class-party alignments. Moreover, income differences have not become less but more consequential for voting behavior during this period. It is concluded that the new consensus has been built on quicksand. Class is not dead—it has been buried alive under the increasing weight of cultural voting, systematically misinterpreted as a decline in class voting because of the widespread application of the so-called Alford index.

The Erikson Goldthorpe & Portocarero class scheme (EGP) has evolved to the standard indicator of class positions in international research. Critique with respect to the EGP service class is related to criticism regarding `The Constant Flux' (Erikson & Goldthorpe 1992). This work is mainly concerned with the classical theme of the shift from agriculture to industry and it neglects the important `post?industrial' distinction between the industrial and service sector. This criticism particularly applies to the `service class' as conceptualized by the EGP class scheme. It does not take important institutional changes in post-industrial society into account. Consequently, the life styles and beliefs of the 'service class' show a large amount of variation. We therefore propose to modify the EGP-class scheme by distinguishing the `social and cultural specialists' within the service class. Using the Dutch Family Survey (1992/93) we show that this adjustment of the EGP?class scheme is an improvement with respect to the explanation of a variety of attitudes and behaviour. The finding that our results hold after controlling for relevant predictors such as education, signifies the importance of our revision of the EGP-class scheme.