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This work reports a new mechanism for the severe hot cracking susceptibility (HCS) of cast Al -Li alloys. In contrast to the narrow vulnerable solidification temperature range increasing cracking resistance, alloys with high Li content or solute content, which are supposed to show lower HCS, instead exhibit anomalously high HCS. Results reveal that this phenomenon arises from a variety of Li-rich inclusions distributed in the interdendritic paths, including Li 2 O, LiAlO 2 , Li 2 CO 3 and LiH. These particles can form spontaneously with O 2 , CO 2 and H 2 O during solidification, deteriorating the interfacial bonding capacity. Meanwhile, the occupation of refilling channels for residual liquid increases the potential risk of microcrack initiation. These unfavorable factors promote the rapid propagation of cracks from the casting surface inward, which eventually leads to catastrophic fractures.

AIMS: Offloading mechanical tissue stress is arguably the most important of multiple interventions needed to heal diabetes-related foot ulcers. This is the 2023 International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) evidence-based guideline on offloading interventions to promote healing of foot ulcers in persons with diabetes. It serves as an update of the 2019 IWGDF guideline. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We followed the GRADE approach by devising clinical questions and important outcomes in the PICO (Patient-Intervention-Control-Outcome) format, undertaking a systematic review and meta-analyses, developing summary of judgement tables and writing recommendations and rationales for each question. Each recommendation is based on the evidence found in the systematic review, expert opinion where evidence was not available, and a careful weighing of GRADE summary of judgement items including desirable and undesirable effects, certainty of evidence, patient values, resources required, cost effectiveness, equity, feasibility, and acceptability. RESULTS: For healing a neuropathic plantar forefoot or midfoot ulcer in a person with diabetes, use a non-removable knee-high offloading device as the first-choice offloading intervention. If contraindications or patient intolerance to non-removable offloading exist, consider using a removable knee-high or ankle-high offloading device as the second-choice offloading intervention. If no offloading devices are available, consider using appropriately fitting footwear combined with felted foam as the third-choice offloading intervention. If such a non-surgical offloading treatment fails to heal a plantar forefoot ulcer, consider an Achilles tendon lengthening, metatarsal head resection, joint arthroplasty, or metatarsal osteotomy. For healing a neuropathic plantar or apex lesser digit ulcer secondary to flexibile toe deformity, use digital flexor tendon tenotomy. For healing rearfoot, non-plantar or ulcers complicated with infection or isc, Funding agencies:Advanced Oxygen Therapy Inc.EssityMölnlyckeReapplixUrgo Medical

Background: The best choice of orthosis in the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture is still under debate. Objective: To investigate if choice of orthosis in the first 3 weeks of treatment affected patient reported outcome (Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS)), tendon elongation (Achilles Tendon Resting Angle (ATRA) and Heel Rise Height (HRH)) and re-rupture. Methods: Registry study in the Danish Achilles tendon Database. Patients treated with cast and patients treated with walker in the first 3 weeks of treatment were compared using a linear mixed-effects model adjusted for potential confounders. Results: 1304 patients were included in the study. No clinically relevant difference was found: Adjusted mean difference (using walker the whole period as reference)(95% CI) ATRS after 1 year = 0.1(−3.0; 4.1), ATRS after 6 months = 2.0(−4.5; 5.8), ATRS after 2 years = 3.0(−0.7; 7.0), HRH difference = 0.6(−6.6; 8.2), ATRA difference = 0.03°(−1.5; 1.6), re-rupture(odds ratio) = 0.812(0.4; 1.61). Conclusion: Patients treated with cast the first 3 weeks after acute Achilles tendon rupture did not have better treatment outcome than patients treated with walker.

Background: The best choice of orthosis in the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture is still under debate. Objective: To investigate if choice of orthosis in the first 3 weeks of treatment affected patient reported outcome (Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS)), tendon elongation (Achilles Tendon Resting Angle (ATRA) and Heel Rise Height (HRH)) and re-rupture. Methods: Registry study in the Danish Achilles tendon Database. Patients treated with cast and patients treated with walker in the first 3 weeks of treatment were compared using a linear mixed-effects model adjusted for potential confounders. Results: 1304 patients were included in the study. No clinically relevant difference was found: Adjusted mean difference (using walker the whole period as reference)(95% CI) ATRS after 1 year = 0.1(−3.0; 4.1), ATRS after 6 months = 2.0(−4.5; 5.8), ATRS after 2 years = 3.0(−0.7; 7.0), HRH difference = 0.6(−6.6; 8.2), ATRA difference = 0.03°(−1.5; 1.6), re-rupture(odds ratio) = 0.812(0.4; 1.61). Conclusion: Patients treated with cast the first 3 weeks after acute Achilles tendon rupture did not have better treatment outcome than patients treated with walker.

Earthworms have a prominent role in supporting soil functioning and thus in providing key services to humanity. Their beneficial role relates to effects on soil structure, carbon and nutrient cycling as well as the soil microbial community. Optimizing the role of earthworms in agricultural systems is therefore crucial for maintaining or improving soil quality and supporting a more sustainable, circular agriculture. Here, we summarize established knowledge on the role of earthworms in agronomy; present novel insights from the past decades; and identify key knowledge gaps to be addressed in the future to fully benefit from earthworms in our agricultural soils. We start by discussing how earthworms affect basic soil processes through their effects on soil structure, microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles. Further, we show how as a result of these changes, earthworms indirectly affect plant growth, the soil greenhouse gas balance and play a role in remediation of contaminated arable soils. We further address one of the paradoxes of earthworm ecology: that they are often not present in the soils where they are most needed. We subsequently discuss potential solutions to this paradox. Finally, we identify 10 key questions that need to be addressed in the near future. In our view, recognizing that earthworms are not a stand-alone solution to improving the sustainability of cropping systems, but an essential piece of the puzzle is crucial for optimizing the benefits they offer in agronomic systems. By managing our earthworm populations well, we manage our soils well.

[ES] Una de las aleaciones prometedoras por su elevada resistencia frente a la corrosión, dentro de las aleaciones de titanio, es la aleación cuaternaria Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta. Sin embargo, la dificultad en su procesado, pues la adición al titanio de elementos de aleación de elevada temperatura de fusión como el niobio y el tantalio en cantidades importantes, requiere explorar distintas técnicas de procesado diferentes de la obtención convencional por colada. Una técnica novedosa es la llamada Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), de la que no existe todavía una gran bibliografía para este tipo de aleaciones. Por tanto, se desarrollará un estudio sobre la caracterización química y física de la aleación Ti 35Nb-7Zr-5Ta obtenida mediante SPS a partir de polvos obtenidos por aleación mecánica, empleando diferentes temperaturas y tiempos de procesado. Para ello, se compararán los resultados con muestras de la misma aleación obtenidas por los procesos típicos de colada por arco eléctrico y prensado y sinterización. Se practicarán ensayos de corrosión electroquímica y liberación de iones en simulación de medio orgánico para la caracterización química, y ensayos de dureza, microdureza y flexión a 4 puntos para la física. Los resultados muestran que el SPS presenta excelentes características frente a la corrosión, en especial para tiempos altos de procesado, que arrojan un comportamiento superior a la colada y notablemente superior al prensado y sinterizado. En cuanto a la caracterización mecánica, presenta un valor de dureza superior junto con un módulo de Young bajo cercano al óseo. Por tanto, el SPS demuestra ser una técnica de alta calidad que proporciona TNZT apto para aplicaciones biomédicas., [EN] One of the promising alloys for its high resistance to corrosion, within titanium alloys, is the quaternary alloy Ti-35Nb7Zr-5Ta. However, the difficulty in its processing, since the addition to titanium of alloying elements with a high melting temperature such as niobium and tantalum in significant quantities, requires exploring different processing techniques different from conventional production by casting. A novel technique is the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), of which there is not yet a large bibliography for this type of alloys. Therefore, a study will be carried out on the chemical and physical characterization of the Ti 35Nb-7Zr-5Ta alloy obtained by means of SPS from powders obtained by mechanical alloying, using different temperatures and processing times. For this, the results will be compared with samples of the same alloy obtained by the typical processes of electric arc casting and pressing and sintering. Electrochemical corrosion and ion release tests will be carried out in organic medium simulation for chemical characterization, and hardness, microhardness and 4-point bending tests for physical characterization. The results show that SPS has excellent characteristics against corrosion, especially for high processing times, which show superior performance to casting and notably superior to pressing and sintering. Regarding the mechanical characterization, it presents a higher hardness value together with a low Young's modulus close to that of bone. Therefore, SPS proves to be a high quality technique that provides TNZT suitable for biomedical applications.

[ES] Una de las aleaciones prometedoras por su elevada resistencia frente a la corrosión, dentro de las aleaciones de titanio, es la aleación cuaternaria Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta. Sin embargo, la dificultad en su procesado, pues la adición al titanio de elementos de aleación de elevada temperatura de fusión como el niobio y el tantalio en cantidades importantes, requiere explorar distintas técnicas de procesado diferentes de la obtención convencional por colada. Una técnica novedosa es la llamada Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), de la que no existe todavía una gran bibliografía para este tipo de aleaciones. Por tanto, se desarrollará un estudio sobre la caracterización química y física de la aleación Ti 35Nb-7Zr-5Ta obtenida mediante SPS a partir de polvos obtenidos por aleación mecánica, empleando diferentes temperaturas y tiempos de procesado. Para ello, se compararán los resultados con muestras de la misma aleación obtenidas por los procesos típicos de colada por arco eléctrico y prensado y sinterización. Se practicarán ensayos de corrosión electroquímica y liberación de iones en simulación de medio orgánico para la caracterización química, y ensayos de dureza, microdureza y flexión a 4 puntos para la física. Los resultados muestran que el SPS presenta excelentes características frente a la corrosión, en especial para tiempos altos de procesado, que arrojan un comportamiento superior a la colada y notablemente superior al prensado y sinterizado. En cuanto a la caracterización mecánica, presenta un valor de dureza superior junto con un módulo de Young bajo cercano al óseo. Por tanto, el SPS demuestra ser una técnica de alta calidad que proporciona TNZT apto para aplicaciones biomédicas., [EN] One of the promising alloys for its high resistance to corrosion, within titanium alloys, is the quaternary alloy Ti-35Nb7Zr-5Ta. However, the difficulty in its processing, since the addition to titanium of alloying elements with a high melting temperature such as niobium and tantalum in significant quantities, requires exploring different processing techniques different from conventional production by casting. A novel technique is the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), of which there is not yet a large bibliography for this type of alloys. Therefore, a study will be carried out on the chemical and physical characterization of the Ti 35Nb-7Zr-5Ta alloy obtained by means of SPS from powders obtained by mechanical alloying, using different temperatures and processing times. For this, the results will be compared with samples of the same alloy obtained by the typical processes of electric arc casting and pressing and sintering. Electrochemical corrosion and ion release tests will be carried out in organic medium simulation for chemical characterization, and hardness, microhardness and 4-point bending tests for physical characterization. The results show that SPS has excellent characteristics against corrosion, especially for high processing times, which show superior performance to casting and notably superior to pressing and sintering. Regarding the mechanical characterization, it presents a higher hardness value together with a low Young's modulus close to that of bone. Therefore, SPS proves to be a high quality technique that provides TNZT suitable for biomedical applications.

[ES] Una de las aleaciones prometedoras por su elevada resistencia frente a la corrosión, dentro de las aleaciones de titanio, es la aleación cuaternaria Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta. Sin embargo, la dificultad en su procesado, pues la adición al titanio de elementos de aleación de elevada temperatura de fusión como el niobio y el tantalio en cantidades importantes, requiere explorar distintas técnicas de procesado diferentes de la obtención convencional por colada. Una técnica novedosa es la llamada Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), de la que no existe todavía una gran bibliografía para este tipo de aleaciones. Por tanto, se desarrollará un estudio sobre la caracterización química y física de la aleación Ti 35Nb-7Zr-5Ta obtenida mediante SPS a partir de polvos obtenidos por aleación mecánica, empleando diferentes temperaturas y tiempos de procesado. Para ello, se compararán los resultados con muestras de la misma aleación obtenidas por los procesos típicos de colada por arco eléctrico y prensado y sinterización. Se practicarán ensayos de corrosión electroquímica y liberación de iones en simulación de medio orgánico para la caracterización química, y ensayos de dureza, microdureza y flexión a 4 puntos para la física. Los resultados muestran que el SPS presenta excelentes características frente a la corrosión, en especial para tiempos altos de procesado, que arrojan un comportamiento superior a la colada y notablemente superior al prensado y sinterizado. En cuanto a la caracterización mecánica, presenta un valor de dureza superior junto con un módulo de Young bajo cercano al óseo. Por tanto, el SPS demuestra ser una técnica de alta calidad que proporciona TNZT apto para aplicaciones biomédicas., [EN] One of the promising alloys for its high resistance to corrosion, within titanium alloys, is the quaternary alloy Ti-35Nb7Zr-5Ta. However, the difficulty in its processing, since the addition to titanium of alloying elements with a high melting temperature such as niobium and tantalum in significant quantities, requires exploring different processing techniques different from conventional production by casting. A novel technique is the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), of which there is not yet a large bibliography for this type of alloys. Therefore, a study will be carried out on the chemical and physical characterization of the Ti 35Nb-7Zr-5Ta alloy obtained by means of SPS from powders obtained by mechanical alloying, using different temperatures and processing times. For this, the results will be compared with samples of the same alloy obtained by the typical processes of electric arc casting and pressing and sintering. Electrochemical corrosion and ion release tests will be carried out in organic medium simulation for chemical characterization, and hardness, microhardness and 4-point bending tests for physical characterization. The results show that SPS has excellent characteristics against corrosion, especially for high processing times, which show superior performance to casting and notably superior to pressing and sintering. Regarding the mechanical characterization, it presents a higher hardness value together with a low Young's modulus close to that of bone. Therefore, SPS proves to be a high quality technique that provides TNZT suitable for biomedical applications.

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) refers to an individual’s tendency to be fearful of anxiety-related bodily sensations (the symptoms that accompany feelings of anxiety)(Reiss et al., 1986). These symptoms can be cognitive (i.e., fear of losing control of mental processes), physical (i.e., fear of catastrophic physiological outcomes such as heart attack or stroke), or social (i.e., concern about negative social judgment and subsequent observable symptoms of anxiety). AS is a well-understood risk factor for Internalizing psychopathology (INT). Cognitive Anxiety Sensitivity Treatment (CAST) (Schmidt et al., 2014) is a technology-based intervention shown to be efficacious in reducing AS, as well as INT. CAST is a fully-computerized brief intervention with two core components: psychoeducation and interoceptive exposure (Craske et al., 1997). In recent work by Schmidt, nontreatment seeking participants with elevated AS cognitive concerns participated in one session of CAST, which produced significant reductions in AS at posttreatment, relative to controls (d=0.57). The primary purpose of this study is to assess the late positive potential (LPP) event-related potential (ERP) component as an index of baseline AS, as well as treatment-related change in AS in response to CAST. In this study 263 participants (with complete EEG data at 1-month follow-up) received either an anxiety reduction intervention (Anxiety; CAST + cognitive bias modification interpretation [CBM-I] with an anxiety focus; N = 65), a mood intervention (Mood; mood psychoeducation + CBM-I with a mood focus; N = 66), or combined ANX and MOOD interventions (Combined; N = 68), as well a repeated contact control group (RCC; N= 64). Prior to the intervention, baseline LPP was measured via exposure to unpleasant, and baseline AS recorded using the ASI-3. Increased LPP amplitude was associated with higher baseline AS (r=.184, p <.001). We found that the LPP was sensitive to treatment effects in that at month 1, as across tre

Emergency management research is used to deal with the increasing number of extreme weather threats in urban areas. This paper uses causal analysis based on systems theory (CAST) to review the subway water ingress accident and the government's emergency management actions in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, during the heavy rainstorm disaster on 20 July 2021. The aims of this article are to establish safety control structures at both the enterprise level and the government level, and to systematically analyze the problems in emergency management in Zhengzhou City. Our analysis found that the construction of disaster prevention facilities restricted emergency management. Therefore, we suggest that enterprises and governments not only pay attention to emergency management, but also to the construction of disaster prevention facilities. This article also points out that the system of chief executive responsibility that is implemented in China is becoming a double-edged sword in emergency management. Our study makes recommendations for enhancing the capacities of emergency management, points out the shortcomings of the existing emergency management structure, and provides knowledge gained for future emergency management research., Safety and Security Science

El Diseño Universal del Aprendizaje (DUA) es, en palabras de sus creadores (CAST) un marco para mejorar y optimizar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje para todas las personas basado en conocimientos científicos sobre cómo aprenden los seres humanos. CAST es una organización de investigación y desarrollo educativo sin ánimo de lucro que creó el marco del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje junto con una serie de directrices para su aplicación, directrices que ahora se utilizan en todo el mundo para hacer que el aprendizaje sea más inclusivo, para eliminar barreras y para que nadie se quede atrás. Se propone en este TFM elaborar una unidad didáctica de matemáticas que parta de las mencionadas directrices y que se acople bien al marco del DUA en un contexto o caso concreto que será definido en función de las condiciones en las que vaya a realizarse el Prácticum, vinculado en todo caso, obviamente, a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en ESO., Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales y Experimentales, Máster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas

[ES] Es de público conocimiento que, además de los cambios sociales y económicos, uno de los elementos más importantes a la hora de valorar la calidad de vida de una comunidad, región o país es la calidad de sus infraestructuras. En los tiempos que corren, la construcción de edificación busca la máxima optimización de dos factores que considera por encima del resto: el tiempo y la economía, dejando de lado otros componentes que serán imprescindibles si queremos alcanzar el objetivo de tener un desarrollo sostenible a lo largo del tiempo. A causa de esto, en los últimos años ha tomado fuerza la idea de construcción a base de elementos prefabricados. Se trata de un sistema que ofrece piezas (generalmente de hormigón) producidas en serie en un taller. Esto permite rebajar costes cuanto mayor sea la escala de producción, conseguir mejores propiedades (mecánicas, químicas, acabados¿) y, en general, conseguir un producto más homogéneo y de mayor calidad que el construido in situ. El gran problema que arrastra este sistema, y es heredado de los anteriores sistemas de construcción, es el enorme coste medioambiental que tiene. Y es que los procesos tradicionales de construcción generan más del 50% de los contaminantes del mundo entre uso de combustibles fósiles, demanda energética etc. Otro sistema que también ha crecido en los últimos años aunque a un nivel muy inferior es el de la construcción con elementos de tierra. Como el que ha utilizado la humanidad desde hace más de 7.000 años. Algunas de las ventajas que ofrece son: costes e impacto ambientales mucho menores, potencia el trabajo local y permite independencia de agentes externos (variación en el precio del petróleo u otros materiales). Sin embargo, aunque es un sistema factible, su uso no es muy común porque no hay muchas empresas que se dediquen a él, por la gran cantidad de tiempo y esfuerzo que requiere y porque al estar fabricadas en obra, las piezas obtenidas están lejos de los estándares de calidad y de propie, [EN] It is commonly known that, in addition to social and economic changes, one of the most important elements when evaluating the quality of life of a community, region or country is the quality of its infrastructure. In these times, building construction seeks the maximum optimization of two factors that are considered above the rest: time and economy. Leaving aside other components that will be essential if we want to achieve the objective of having a sustainable development towards the future. Because of this, in recent years the idea of construction based on precast elements has gained strength. It is a system that offers parts (usually concrete) produced in series in a workshop. This provides the possibility to reduce costs as the production scale increases, achieve better properties (mechanical, chemical, finishes ...) and, in general, achieve a more homogeneous and higher quality product than the one built on site. The biggest problem this system carries with it , and it is inherited from the previous construction systems, is the enormous environmental cost that it has. And it is that traditional construction processes generate more than 50% of the world's pollutants because of the use of fossil fuels, energy demand, etc. Another system that has also grown in recent years although at a much lower level is the one of construction with earth elements, like the one mankind has used for over 7,000 years. Some of the advantages it offers are: much lower environmental costs and impact, it enhances local work and provides independence from external agents (variation in the price of oil or other materials). However, although it is a feasible system, its use is not very common because there are not many companies that dedicate themselves to it, due to the great amount of time and effort that it requires and because when manufactured on site, the parts obtained are far from the quality and property standards offered by precast. In developing countries such as India or

[ES] Es de público conocimiento que, además de los cambios sociales y económicos, uno de los elementos más importantes a la hora de valorar la calidad de vida de una comunidad, región o país es la calidad de sus infraestructuras. En los tiempos que corren, la construcción de edificación busca la máxima optimización de dos factores que considera por encima del resto: el tiempo y la economía, dejando de lado otros componentes que serán imprescindibles si queremos alcanzar el objetivo de tener un desarrollo sostenible a lo largo del tiempo. A causa de esto, en los últimos años ha tomado fuerza la idea de construcción a base de elementos prefabricados. Se trata de un sistema que ofrece piezas (generalmente de hormigón) producidas en serie en un taller. Esto permite rebajar costes cuanto mayor sea la escala de producción, conseguir mejores propiedades (mecánicas, químicas, acabados¿) y, en general, conseguir un producto más homogéneo y de mayor calidad que el construido in situ. El gran problema que arrastra este sistema, y es heredado de los anteriores sistemas de construcción, es el enorme coste medioambiental que tiene. Y es que los procesos tradicionales de construcción generan más del 50% de los contaminantes del mundo entre uso de combustibles fósiles, demanda energética etc. Otro sistema que también ha crecido en los últimos años aunque a un nivel muy inferior es el de la construcción con elementos de tierra. Como el que ha utilizado la humanidad desde hace más de 7.000 años. Algunas de las ventajas que ofrece son: costes e impacto ambientales mucho menores, potencia el trabajo local y permite independencia de agentes externos (variación en el precio del petróleo u otros materiales). Sin embargo, aunque es un sistema factible, su uso no es muy común porque no hay muchas empresas que se dediquen a él, por la gran cantidad de tiempo y esfuerzo que requiere y porque al estar fabricadas en obra, las piezas obtenidas están lejos de los estándares de calidad y de propie, [EN] It is commonly known that, in addition to social and economic changes, one of the most important elements when evaluating the quality of life of a community, region or country is the quality of its infrastructure. In these times, building construction seeks the maximum optimization of two factors that are considered above the rest: time and economy. Leaving aside other components that will be essential if we want to achieve the objective of having a sustainable development towards the future. Because of this, in recent years the idea of construction based on precast elements has gained strength. It is a system that offers parts (usually concrete) produced in series in a workshop. This provides the possibility to reduce costs as the production scale increases, achieve better properties (mechanical, chemical, finishes ...) and, in general, achieve a more homogeneous and higher quality product than the one built on site. The biggest problem this system carries with it , and it is inherited from the previous construction systems, is the enormous environmental cost that it has. And it is that traditional construction processes generate more than 50% of the world's pollutants because of the use of fossil fuels, energy demand, etc. Another system that has also grown in recent years although at a much lower level is the one of construction with earth elements, like the one mankind has used for over 7,000 years. Some of the advantages it offers are: much lower environmental costs and impact, it enhances local work and provides independence from external agents (variation in the price of oil or other materials). However, although it is a feasible system, its use is not very common because there are not many companies that dedicate themselves to it, due to the great amount of time and effort that it requires and because when manufactured on site, the parts obtained are far from the quality and property standards offered by precast. In developing countries such as India or

[ES] Es de público conocimiento que, además de los cambios sociales y económicos, uno de los elementos más importantes a la hora de valorar la calidad de vida de una comunidad, región o país es la calidad de sus infraestructuras. En los tiempos que corren, la construcción de edificación busca la máxima optimización de dos factores que considera por encima del resto: el tiempo y la economía, dejando de lado otros componentes que serán imprescindibles si queremos alcanzar el objetivo de tener un desarrollo sostenible a lo largo del tiempo. A causa de esto, en los últimos años ha tomado fuerza la idea de construcción a base de elementos prefabricados. Se trata de un sistema que ofrece piezas (generalmente de hormigón) producidas en serie en un taller. Esto permite rebajar costes cuanto mayor sea la escala de producción, conseguir mejores propiedades (mecánicas, químicas, acabados¿) y, en general, conseguir un producto más homogéneo y de mayor calidad que el construido in situ. El gran problema que arrastra este sistema, y es heredado de los anteriores sistemas de construcción, es el enorme coste medioambiental que tiene. Y es que los procesos tradicionales de construcción generan más del 50% de los contaminantes del mundo entre uso de combustibles fósiles, demanda energética etc. Otro sistema que también ha crecido en los últimos años aunque a un nivel muy inferior es el de la construcción con elementos de tierra. Como el que ha utilizado la humanidad desde hace más de 7.000 años. Algunas de las ventajas que ofrece son: costes e impacto ambientales mucho menores, potencia el trabajo local y permite independencia de agentes externos (variación en el precio del petróleo u otros materiales). Sin embargo, aunque es un sistema factible, su uso no es muy común porque no hay muchas empresas que se dediquen a él, por la gran cantidad de tiempo y esfuerzo que requiere y porque al estar fabricadas en obra, las piezas obtenidas están lejos de los estándares de calidad y de propie, [EN] It is commonly known that, in addition to social and economic changes, one of the most important elements when evaluating the quality of life of a community, region or country is the quality of its infrastructure. In these times, building construction seeks the maximum optimization of two factors that are considered above the rest: time and economy. Leaving aside other components that will be essential if we want to achieve the objective of having a sustainable development towards the future. Because of this, in recent years the idea of construction based on precast elements has gained strength. It is a system that offers parts (usually concrete) produced in series in a workshop. This provides the possibility to reduce costs as the production scale increases, achieve better properties (mechanical, chemical, finishes ...) and, in general, achieve a more homogeneous and higher quality product than the one built on site. The biggest problem this system carries with it , and it is inherited from the previous construction systems, is the enormous environmental cost that it has. And it is that traditional construction processes generate more than 50% of the world's pollutants because of the use of fossil fuels, energy demand, etc. Another system that has also grown in recent years although at a much lower level is the one of construction with earth elements, like the one mankind has used for over 7,000 years. Some of the advantages it offers are: much lower environmental costs and impact, it enhances local work and provides independence from external agents (variation in the price of oil or other materials). However, although it is a feasible system, its use is not very common because there are not many companies that dedicate themselves to it, due to the great amount of time and effort that it requires and because when manufactured on site, the parts obtained are far from the quality and property standards offered by precast. In developing countries such as India or

This study aims at assessing the effect of solution heat treatment (at a temperature just below the eutectic temperature) followed by various cooling rates on the microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg and the cast counterpart. The mechanical properties were evaluated using a depth-sensing nanoindentation platform. The cast and additively manufactured parts were solutionized at 540 ​°C for 2 ​h followed by water quenching, air cooling, and furnace cooling. Results show extensive microstructural changes (e.g. size and morphology of eutectic-silicon phase) and evolutions in the mechanical properties of the heat-treated materials relative to the as-printed and as-cast ones. Besides, the microstructure and micromechanical properties of the materials broadly alter the cast and additive manufacturing conditions. Depending on the cooling condition, the mentioned cooling cycles directly affect the morphology of eutectic-silicon in both cast and additive manufactured materials starting with silicon fragmentation, then followed by silicon spheroidization, and silicon coarsening. The microstructural evolution affects the local micromechanical properties of the studied materials. The results of this study provide insights into the control of microstructure and hence mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg alloy by addressing suitable heat treatment cycles. This study, for the first time, assesses and compares the effect of various post-fabrication cooling rates in the cast and additive manufacturing conditions in an AlSi10Mg alloy., Team Jilt Sietsma

El Diseño Universal del Aprendizaje (DUA) es, en palabras de sus creadores (CAST) un marco para mejorar y optimizar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje para todas las personas basado en conocimientos científicos sobre cómo aprenden los seres humanos. CAST es una organización de investigación y desarrollo educativo sin ánimo de lucro que creó el marco del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje junto con una serie de directrices para su aplicación, directrices que ahora se utilizan en todo el mundo para hacer que el aprendizaje sea más inclusivo, para eliminar barreras y para que nadie se quede atrás. Se propone en este TFM elaborar una unidad didáctica de matemáticas que parta de las mencionadas directrices y que se acople bien al marco del DUA en un contexto o caso concreto que será definido en función de las condiciones en las que vaya a realizarse el Prácticum, vinculado en todo caso, obviamente, a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en ESO., Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales y Experimentales, Máster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas

Introduction: Data from clinical trials suggest that CT-confirmed nondisplaced scaphoid waist fractures heal with less than the conventional 8–12 weeks of immobilization. Barriers to adopting shorter immobilization times in clinical practice may include a strong influence of fracture tenderness and radiographic appearance on decision-making. This study aimed to investigate (1) the degree to which surgeons use fracture tenderness and radiographic appearance of union, among other factors, to decide whether or not to recommend additional cast immobilization after 8 or 12 weeks of immobilization; (2) identify surgeon factors associated with the decision to continue cast immobilization after 8 or 12 weeks. Materials and methods: In a survey-based study, 218 surgeons reviewed 16 patient scenarios of CT-confirmed nondisplaced waist fractures treated with cast immobilization for 8 or 12 weeks and recommended for or against additional cast immobilization. Clinical variables included patient sex, age, a description of radiographic fracture consolidation, fracture tenderness and duration of cast immobilization completed (8 versus 12 weeks). To assess the impact of clinical factors on recommendation to continue immobilization we calculated posterior probabilities and determined variable importance using a random forest algorithm. Multilevel logistic mixed regression analysis was used to identify surgeon characteristics associated with recommendation for additional cast immobilization. Results: Unclear fracture healing on radiographs, fracture tenderness and 8 (versus 12) weeks of completed cast immobilization were the most important factors influencing surgeons’ decision to recommend continued cast immobilization. Women surgeons (OR 2.96; 95% CI 1.28–6.81, p = 0.011), surgeons not specialized in orthopedic trauma, hand and wrist or shoulder and elbow surgery (categorized as ‘other’) (OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.31–5.33, p = 0.007) and surgeons practicing in the United States (OR 6.53, 95

El Diseño Universal del Aprendizaje (DUA) es, en palabras de sus creadores (CAST) un marco para mejorar y optimizar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje para todas las personas basado en conocimientos científicos sobre cómo aprenden los seres humanos. CAST es una organización de investigación y desarrollo educativo sin ánimo de lucro que creó el marco del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje junto con una serie de directrices para su aplicación, directrices que ahora se utilizan en todo el mundo para hacer que el aprendizaje sea más inclusivo, para eliminar barreras y para que nadie se quede atrás. Se propone en este TFM elaborar una unidad didáctica de matemáticas que parta de las mencionadas directrices y que se acople bien al marco del DUA en un contexto o caso concreto que será definido en función de las condiciones en las que vaya a realizarse el Prácticum, vinculado en todo caso, obviamente, a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en ESO., Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales y Experimentales, Máster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas

El Diseño Universal del Aprendizaje (DUA) es, en palabras de sus creadores (CAST) un marco para mejorar y optimizar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje para todas las personas basado en conocimientos científicos sobre cómo aprenden los seres humanos. CAST es una organización de investigación y desarrollo educativo sin ánimo de lucro que creó el marco del Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje junto con una serie de directrices para su aplicación, directrices que ahora se utilizan en todo el mundo para hacer que el aprendizaje sea más inclusivo, para eliminar barreras y para que nadie se quede atrás. Se propone en este TFM elaborar una unidad didáctica de matemáticas que parta de las mencionadas directrices y que se acople bien al marco del DUA en un contexto o caso concreto que será definido en función de las condiciones en las que vaya a realizarse el Prácticum, vinculado en todo caso, obviamente, a la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en ESO., Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales y Experimentales, Máster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idiomas

Once widely spread in the Dinaric Mountains part of the Balkan Peninsula swearing to virginity was a social and cultural custom recorded among all groups inhabiting the area. In the absence of a capable adult man in the household, a daughter would take over his social role by ‘becoming’ a man. The standard explanation is that the function of this practice is enabling the continuation of the household’s economic, social, and religious activities. We argue that this explanation fails. A better explanation is that, because the lack of a particular kind of a man (competent and honourable) was perceived as a shame in these societies, the primary reason for swearing to virginity was saving family honour., Včasih široko razširjena prisega nedolžnosti v Dinarskem gorovju na Balkanskem polotoku je bila družbeni in kulturni ritual, dokumentiran med vsemi skupinami na tem območju. Po tem ritualu naj bi hči, če v družinskem gospodarstvu ni bilo sposobnega odraslega moškega, prevzela njegovo družbeno vlogo, tako da je 'postala' moški. Po standardni razlagi je funkcija te prakse omogočiti nadaljevanje gospodarskih, socialnih in verskih dejavnosti gospodinjstva. Avtorja menita, da ta razlaga ni ustrezna. Po njunih ugotovitvah pa je glavni razlog za prisego nedolžnosti reševanje družinske časti, saj je odsotnost posebne vrste moškega (sposobnega in častnega) v teh skupnostih sprejeta kot sramota

This study aims at assessing the effect of solution heat treatment (at a temperature just below the eutectic temperature) followed by various cooling rates on the microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg and the cast counterpart. The mechanical properties were evaluated using a depth-sensing nanoindentation platform. The cast and additively manufactured parts were solutionized at 540 ​°C for 2 ​h followed by water quenching, air cooling, and furnace cooling. Results show extensive microstructural changes (e.g. size and morphology of eutectic-silicon phase) and evolutions in the mechanical properties of the heat-treated materials relative to the as-printed and as-cast ones. Besides, the microstructure and micromechanical properties of the materials broadly alter the cast and additive manufacturing conditions. Depending on the cooling condition, the mentioned cooling cycles directly affect the morphology of eutectic-silicon in both cast and additive manufactured materials starting with silicon fragmentation, then followed by silicon spheroidization, and silicon coarsening. The microstructural evolution affects the local micromechanical properties of the studied materials. The results of this study provide insights into the control of microstructure and hence mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg alloy by addressing suitable heat treatment cycles. This study, for the first time, assesses and compares the effect of various post-fabrication cooling rates in the cast and additive manufacturing conditions in an AlSi10Mg alloy., Team Kevin Rossi

[CA] Ni una més, es un projecte escultòric que pretén mostrar a la dona forta davant dels abusos de violència masclista. A través de diverses peces escultòriques volem mostrar que totes les dones son fortes i poden eixir d¿aquestes situacions d¿abús. El principal objectiu d¿aquest treball es visibilitzar que la dona que pateix violència de gènere suporta una càrrega que pot deixar-la quan ella estiga preparada amb l¿ajuda que es presta a la societat. Per aquest motiu s¿ha realitzat una investigació d¿escultures i representacions que comparteixen aquest tema, per a observar els diferents mètodes de captar el mateix problema social., [EN] Or one more, one sculptural project that pretends to show at the strong wife in front of the abuses of male chauvinistic violence. Through several sculptural pieces show that all the wives his forts and can exit of these principal situations. The principal aim of this work make visible that the wife that suffers gender violence endures one charge that can let it when she was prepared with the aid those loans at the society. For this reason it has realized one inquest of sculptures and depictions that share this motif, to observe the distinct methods to capture the same social problem.

[CA] Ni una més, es un projecte escultòric que pretén mostrar a la dona forta davant dels abusos de violència masclista. A través de diverses peces escultòriques volem mostrar que totes les dones son fortes i poden eixir d¿aquestes situacions d¿abús. El principal objectiu d¿aquest treball es visibilitzar que la dona que pateix violència de gènere suporta una càrrega que pot deixar-la quan ella estiga preparada amb l¿ajuda que es presta a la societat. Per aquest motiu s¿ha realitzat una investigació d¿escultures i representacions que comparteixen aquest tema, per a observar els diferents mètodes de captar el mateix problema social., [EN] Or one more, one sculptural project that pretends to show at the strong wife in front of the abuses of male chauvinistic violence. Through several sculptural pieces show that all the wives his forts and can exit of these principal situations. The principal aim of this work make visible that the wife that suffers gender violence endures one charge that can let it when she was prepared with the aid those loans at the society. For this reason it has realized one inquest of sculptures and depictions that share this motif, to observe the distinct methods to capture the same social problem.

[CA] Ni una més, es un projecte escultòric que pretén mostrar a la dona forta davant dels abusos de violència masclista. A través de diverses peces escultòriques volem mostrar que totes les dones son fortes i poden eixir d¿aquestes situacions d¿abús. El principal objectiu d¿aquest treball es visibilitzar que la dona que pateix violència de gènere suporta una càrrega que pot deixar-la quan ella estiga preparada amb l¿ajuda que es presta a la societat. Per aquest motiu s¿ha realitzat una investigació d¿escultures i representacions que comparteixen aquest tema, per a observar els diferents mètodes de captar el mateix problema social., [EN] Or one more, one sculptural project that pretends to show at the strong wife in front of the abuses of male chauvinistic violence. Through several sculptural pieces show that all the wives his forts and can exit of these principal situations. The principal aim of this work make visible that the wife that suffers gender violence endures one charge that can let it when she was prepared with the aid those loans at the society. For this reason it has realized one inquest of sculptures and depictions that share this motif, to observe the distinct methods to capture the same social problem.

My project unfolds on three different scales: Materials, Objects and a Space. A research on materials and new technique for their transformation, a creation of functional objects out of the transformed materials, and finally, a spatial environment for the created objects. Real-life site visits to various factories and craftsmen, discussions with makers, sourcing leftover materials, transforming materials into borderline art/design objects are among the key elements of my research methodology. The three scales of my work are unified by the notion of Rituals. My understanding of rituals is not about creating a new religion but focuses rather on the activities in our everyday that can become rituals. It is about finding magic in the mundane. Daily routines and rituals are one of the main things that can keep us grounded, especially in a time of crisis. I believe that material explorations and working with the senses are important and relevant for the field of Spatial design and that my approach to engaging different scales within the project brings something new and yet not vastly explored.

The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) has published evidence-based guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease since 1999. This guideline is on the use of offloading interventions to promote the healing of foot ulcers in people with diabetes and updates the previous IWGDF guideline. We followed the GRADE methodology to devise clinical questions and critically important outcomes in the PICO format, to conduct a systematic review of the medical-scientific literature, and to write recommendations and their rationale. The recommendations are based on the quality of evidence found in the systematic review, expert opinion where evidence was not available, and a weighing of the benefits and harms, patient preferences, feasibility and applicability, and costs related to the intervention. For healing a neuropathic plantar forefoot or midfoot ulcer in a person with diabetes, we recommend that a nonremovable knee-high offloading device is the first choice of offloading treatment. A removable knee-high and removable ankle-high offloading device are to be considered as the second- and third-choice offloading treatment, respectively, if contraindications or patient intolerance to nonremovable offloading exist. Appropriately, fitting footwear combined with felted foam can be considered as the fourth-choice offloading treatment. If non-surgical offloading fails, we recommend to consider surgical offloading interventions for healing metatarsal head and digital ulcers. We have added new recommendations for the use of offloading treatment for healing ulcers that are complicated with infection or ischaemia and for healing plantar heel ulcers. Offloading is arguably the most important of multiple interventions needed to heal a neuropathic plantar foot ulcer in a person with diabetes. Following these recommendations will help health care professionals and teams provide better care for diabetic patients who have a foot ulcer and are at ri

My project unfolds on three different scales: Materials, Objects and a Space. A research on materials and new technique for their transformation, a creation of functional objects out of the transformed materials, and finally, a spatial environment for the created objects. Real-life site visits to various factories and craftsmen, discussions with makers, sourcing leftover materials, transforming materials into borderline art/design objects are among the key elements of my research methodology. The three scales of my work are unified by the notion of Rituals. My understanding of rituals is not about creating a new religion but focuses rather on the activities in our everyday that can become rituals. It is about finding magic in the mundane. Daily routines and rituals are one of the main things that can keep us grounded, especially in a time of crisis. I believe that material explorations and working with the senses are important and relevant for the field of Spatial design and that my approach to engaging different scales within the project brings something new and yet not vastly explored.

The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) has published evidence-based guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease since 1999. This guideline is on the use of offloading interventions to promote the healing of foot ulcers in people with diabetes and updates the previous IWGDF guideline. We followed the GRADE methodology to devise clinical questions and critically important outcomes in the PICO format, to conduct a systematic review of the medical-scientific literature, and to write recommendations and their rationale. The recommendations are based on the quality of evidence found in the systematic review, expert opinion where evidence was not available, and a weighing of the benefits and harms, patient preferences, feasibility and applicability, and costs related to the intervention. For healing a neuropathic plantar forefoot or midfoot ulcer in a person with diabetes, we recommend that a nonremovable knee-high offloading device is the first choice of offloading treatment. A removable knee-high and removable ankle-high offloading device are to be considered as the second- and third-choice offloading treatment, respectively, if contraindications or patient intolerance to nonremovable offloading exist. Appropriately, fitting footwear combined with felted foam can be considered as the fourth-choice offloading treatment. If non-surgical offloading fails, we recommend to consider surgical offloading interventions for healing metatarsal head and digital ulcers. We have added new recommendations for the use of offloading treatment for healing ulcers that are complicated with infection or ischaemia and for healing plantar heel ulcers. Offloading is arguably the most important of multiple interventions needed to heal a neuropathic plantar foot ulcer in a person with diabetes. Following these recommendations will help health care professionals and teams provide better care for diabetic patients who have a foot ulcer and are at risk

[Introduction]There are no established risk classification for post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) patients at the Emergency Department (ED) undergoing targeted temperature management (TTM). The aim of this study was to externally validate a simplified version of our prognostic score, the “post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome for Therapeutic hypothermia score” (revised CAST [rCAST]) and estimate the predictive accuracy of the risk classification based on it. [Methods]For the external validation, we used data from an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) registry of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM), which is a multicenter, prospective registry of OHCA patients across Japan. Eligible patients were PCAS patients treated with TTM at 33–36 °C between June 2014 and December 2015. We validated the accuracy of rCAST for predicting the neurological outcomes at 30 and 90 days. [Results]Among the 12, 024 OHCA patients, the data of 460 PCAS patients treated by TTM were eligible for the validation. The areas under the curve of rCAST for predicting the neurological outcomes at 30 and 90 days were 0.892 and 0.895, respectively. The estimated sensitivity and specificity of the risk categories for the outcomes were as follows: 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92–0.98) and 0.47 (0.40–0.55) for the low (rCAST: ≤5.5), 0.62 (0.56–0.68) and 0.48 (0.40–0.55) for the moderate (rCAST: 6.0–14.0), and 0.57 (0.51–0.63) and 0.95 (0.91–0.98) for the high severity category (rCAST: ≥14.5). [Conclusions]The rCAST was useful for predicting the neurological outcomes with high accuracy in PCAS patients, and the three grades was developed for a risk classification based on the rCAST.

The applicability of glass in structures is continuously ascending, as the transparency and high compressive strength of the material render it the optimum choice for realizing diaphanous structural components that allow for light transmittance and space continuity. The fabrication boundaries of the material are constantly stretching: visible metal connections are minimized and glass surfaces are maximized, resulting to pure all-glass structures. Still, due to the prevalence of the float glass industry, all-glass structures are currently confined to the limited forms and shapes that can be generated by planar, 2D glass elements. Moreover, despite the fact that glass is fully recyclable, most of the glass currently employed in buildings is neither reused nor recycled due to its perplexed disassembly and its contamination from coatings and adhesives. Cast glass can be the answer to the above restraints, as it can escape the design limitations generated from the 2-dimensional nature of float glass. By pouring molten glass into moulds, solid 3-dimensional glass components can be attained of considerably larger cross-sections and of virtually any shape. These monolithic glass objects can form repetitive units for large all glass-structures that do not buckle due to slender proportions and thus can take full advantage of the stated compressive strength of glass. Such components can be accordingly shaped to interlock towards easily assembled structures that do not require the use of adhesives for further bonding. In addition, cast glass units–due to their increased cross section– can tolerate a higher degree of impurities and thus can be produced by using waste glass as a raw source., Energy Innovation #5: 4TU.BOUW Lighthouse projects + PDEng ISBN 978-94-6366-246-8, Applied Mechanics, Structural Design & Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Geosciences

Análisis de los elementos de un diseño de red SCATV elaborado con CAST

Se explica un diseño de red SCATV con el programa CAST 6.0 de Televés y se analizan las características y diferencias con el diseño de redes de antena colectiva dentro de una ICT.

Se explica un diseño de red SCATV con el programa CAST 6.0 de Televés y se analizan las características y diferencias con el diseño de redes de antena colectiva dentro de una ICT.

Análisis de los elementos de un diseño de red SCATV elaborado con CAST

The applicability of glass in structures is continuously ascending, as the transparency and high compressive strength of the material render it the optimum choice for realizing diaphanous structural components that allow for light transmittance and space continuity. The fabrication boundaries of the material are constantly stretching: visible metal connections are minimized and glass surfaces are maximized, resulting to pure all-glass structures. Still, due to the prevalence of the float glass industry, all-glass structures are currently confined to the limited forms and shapes that can be generated by planar, 2D glass elements. Moreover, despite the fact that glass is fully recyclable, most of the glass currently employed in buildings is neither reused nor recycled due to its perplexed disassembly and its contamination from coatings and adhesives. Cast glass can be the answer to the above restraints, as it can escape the design limitations generated from the 2-dimensional nature of float glass. By pouring molten glass into moulds, solid 3-dimensional glass components can be attained of considerably larger cross-sections and of virtually any shape. These monolithic glass objects can form repetitive units for large all glass-structures that do not buckle due to slender proportions and thus can take full advantage of the stated compressive strength of glass. Such components can be accordingly shaped to interlock towards easily assembled structures that do not require the use of adhesives for further bonding. In addition, cast glass units–due to their increased cross section– can tolerate a higher degree of impurities and thus can be produced by using waste glass as a raw source., Energy Innovation #5: 4TU.BOUW Lighthouse projects + PDEng ISBN 978-94-6366-246-8, Applied Mechanics, Structural Design & Mechanics, Civil Engineering & Geosciences

Análisis de los elementos de un diseño de red SCATV elaborado con CAST

Se explica un diseño de red SCATV con el programa CAST 6.0 de Televés y se analizan las características y diferencias con el diseño de redes de antena colectiva dentro de una ICT.

Análisis de los elementos de un diseño de red SCATV elaborado con CAST

Se explica un diseño de red SCATV con el programa CAST 6.0 de Televés y se analizan las características y diferencias con el diseño de redes de antena colectiva dentro de una ICT.

La primera aparición del plástico fue a finales del siglo XIX, pero no fue hasta la mitad del siglo XX cuando alcanzó su auge. Hoy día, hay alrededor de 8.300 millones de toneladas de este material en el mundo. De esta cantidad, 2/3 se han convertido en residuos. Y de esos residuos, un 91% no han pasado nunca por un contenedor de reciclaje, una cifra bastante alarmante. La investigación que se va a llevar a cabo tiene como objetivo abordar esta situación y conseguir una relación directa con la arquitectura y la forma de construir, buscando una solución constructiva añadiendo el plástico como aditivo a conglomerantes como el mortero de yeso y de cemento. A la nueva propuesta de material conseguido se le estudiarán sus propiedades mecánicas tanto a flexión como a compresión y su comportamiento acústico, comparando los resultados con productos ya existentes en el mercado para comprobar las mejoras de la adición del plástico en el conglomerante. Tras hacer esos análisis se elegirá una característica que la adición de plástico PET, aporte al nuevo material que en este caso será la disminución de peso y de densidad. Y se propondrá un panel de yeso para la construcción de particiones interiores. Palabras clave: Plástico, PET, conglomerante, reciclado, construcción, material, yeso, cemento, paneles., The first appearance of plastic was at the end of the 19th century, but it was not until the middle of the 20th century that it reached its peak. Today, there are around 8,300 million tons of this material in the world. Of this amount, 2/3 have been converted into waste. And of those waste, 91% have never gone through a recycling bin, a rather alarming figure. The research that is going to be carried out aims to address this situation and get a direct relationship with the architecture and how to build, looking for a constructive solution by adding plastic as an additive to binders such as plaster and cement mortar. The new material proposal will be studied its mechanical properties both bending and compression and its acoustic behavior, comparing the results with existing products in the market to check the improvements of the plastic in the binder. After doing these analyzes, a characteristic will be chosen that the addition of PET plastic, contributes to the new material, which in this case will be the decrease in weight and density. And a plaster panel will be proposed for the construction of interior partitions. Keywords: plastic, PET, conglomerate, recycling, building, material, cast, concrete, panels.

La primera aparición del plástico fue a finales del siglo XIX, pero no fue hasta la mitad del siglo XX cuando alcanzó su auge. Hoy día, hay alrededor de 8.300 millones de toneladas de este material en el mundo. De esta cantidad, 2/3 se han convertido en residuos. Y de esos residuos, un 91% no han pasado nunca por un contenedor de reciclaje, una cifra bastante alarmante. La investigación que se va a llevar a cabo tiene como objetivo abordar esta situación y conseguir una relación directa con la arquitectura y la forma de construir, buscando una solución constructiva añadiendo el plástico como aditivo a conglomerantes como el mortero de yeso y de cemento. A la nueva propuesta de material conseguido se le estudiarán sus propiedades mecánicas tanto a flexión como a compresión y su comportamiento acústico, comparando los resultados con productos ya existentes en el mercado para comprobar las mejoras de la adición del plástico en el conglomerante. Tras hacer esos análisis se elegirá una característica que la adición de plástico PET, aporte al nuevo material que en este caso será la disminución de peso y de densidad. Y se propondrá un panel de yeso para la construcción de particiones interiores. Palabras clave: Plástico, PET, conglomerante, reciclado, construcción, material, yeso, cemento, paneles., The first appearance of plastic was at the end of the 19th century, but it was not until the middle of the 20th century that it reached its peak. Today, there are around 8,300 million tons of this material in the world. Of this amount, 2/3 have been converted into waste. And of those waste, 91% have never gone through a recycling bin, a rather alarming figure. The research that is going to be carried out aims to address this situation and get a direct relationship with the architecture and how to build, looking for a constructive solution by adding plastic as an additive to binders such as plaster and cement mortar. The new material proposal will be studied its mechanical properties both bending and compression and its acoustic behavior, comparing the results with existing products in the market to check the improvements of the plastic in the binder. After doing these analyzes, a characteristic will be chosen that the addition of PET plastic, contributes to the new material, which in this case will be the decrease in weight and density. And a plaster panel will be proposed for the construction of interior partitions. Keywords: plastic, PET, conglomerate, recycling, building, material, cast, concrete, panels.

La primera aparición del plástico fue a finales del siglo XIX, pero no fue hasta la mitad del siglo XX cuando alcanzó su auge. Hoy día, hay alrededor de 8.300 millones de toneladas de este material en el mundo. De esta cantidad, 2/3 se han convertido en residuos. Y de esos residuos, un 91% no han pasado nunca por un contenedor de reciclaje, una cifra bastante alarmante. La investigación que se va a llevar a cabo tiene como objetivo abordar esta situación y conseguir una relación directa con la arquitectura y la forma de construir, buscando una solución constructiva añadiendo el plástico como aditivo a conglomerantes como el mortero de yeso y de cemento. A la nueva propuesta de material conseguido se le estudiarán sus propiedades mecánicas tanto a flexión como a compresión y su comportamiento acústico, comparando los resultados con productos ya existentes en el mercado para comprobar las mejoras de la adición del plástico en el conglomerante. Tras hacer esos análisis se elegirá una característica que la adición de plástico PET, aporte al nuevo material que en este caso será la disminución de peso y de densidad. Y se propondrá un panel de yeso para la construcción de particiones interiores. Palabras clave: Plástico, PET, conglomerante, reciclado, construcción, material, yeso, cemento, paneles., The first appearance of plastic was at the end of the 19th century, but it was not until the middle of the 20th century that it reached its peak. Today, there are around 8,300 million tons of this material in the world. Of this amount, 2/3 have been converted into waste. And of those waste, 91% have never gone through a recycling bin, a rather alarming figure. The research that is going to be carried out aims to address this situation and get a direct relationship with the architecture and how to build, looking for a constructive solution by adding plastic as an additive to binders such as plaster and cement mortar. The new material proposal will be studied its mechanical properties both bending and compression and its acoustic behavior, comparing the results with existing products in the market to check the improvements of the plastic in the binder. After doing these analyzes, a characteristic will be chosen that the addition of PET plastic, contributes to the new material, which in this case will be the decrease in weight and density. And a plaster panel will be proposed for the construction of interior partitions. Keywords: plastic, PET, conglomerate, recycling, building, material, cast, concrete, panels.

The paper addresses the issues of euthanasia and thoroughly analyses Kantian response to the practice in question. In reference to Kant’s views on many related issues, such as murder, suicide, autonomy, rationality, honor and the value of human life, the main goal of this paper is to offer an explanation for one probable Kantian view on euthanasia in general, as well as an explanation for a specific form of euthanasia with regard to those patients suffering from dementia. The author’s arguments, according to which Kant could even argue that those persons who have begun suffering from dementia have a duty to die, have all been given special importance in this paper. The question is could and should this specific moral ever be allowed to become universal when considering the patients’ willingness to commit suicide once they start suffering from dementia or perhaps once they start experiencing a loss of rationality? Should suicide even become a patient’s duty? Furthermore, if a patient shows absolutely no intention or willingness of taking her/his own life, ‘should’ the doctor perform a non-voluntary euthanasia over the patient? This paper analyses the author’s arguments which are actually in favor of aforementioned questions, and aims to examine the plausibility of the act as well as to criticize it. The issue of euthanasia is very important, because the key question is what in fact constitutes the fundamental value of human life, which lies at the heart of this problem., U radu se obrađuju pitanja eutanazije i detaljno se analizira kantovski odgovor na dotičnu praksu. U vezi s Kantovim stajalištima o mnogim srodnim pitanjima, kao što su ubistvo, samoubistvo, autonomija, racionalnost, čast i vrednost ljudskog života, glavni cilj ovoga rada jeste da se pruži objašnjenje za jedan uopšteno mogući kantovski pogled na eutanaziju, kao i objašnjenje za jedan određeni oblik eutanazije s obzirom na one pacijente koji pate od demencije. Argumenti autora, prema kojima je Kant čak mogao da tvrdi da su osobe koje su počele patiti od demencije imale dužnost da umru, u ovom radu su bili od posebne važnosti. Pitanje je da li bi se moglo i trebalo ikada dozvoliti da ovaj specifični moral postane univerzalan kada se razmatra želja pacijenata da počini samoubistvo, kada počnu patiti od demencije ili možda jednom kada počnu doživljavati gubitak racionalnosti? Da li bi samoubistvo trebalo čak da postane pacijentova dužnost? Nadalje, ako pacijent ne pokazuje apsolutno nikakvu nameru ili spremnost da oduzme sebi život, „treba li“ doktor obaviti nedobrovoljnu eutanaziju nad pacijentom? Ovaj rad analizira argumente autora koji zapravo podržavaju navedena pitanja i ima za cilj ispitivanje verodostojnosti tog čina kao i njegovo kritikovanje. Problem eutanazije je vrlo važan, jer je ključno pitanje šta u stvari konstituiše temeljnu vrednost ljudskog života, koja leži u srcu ovog problema,idrugihformičovekovogpravanaživot.

The paper addresses the issues of euthanasia and thoroughly analyses Kantian response to the practice in question. In reference to Kant’s views on many related issues, such as murder, suicide, autonomy, rationality, honor and the value of human life, the main goal of this paper is to offer an explanation for one probable Kantian view on euthanasia in general, as well as an explanation for a specific form of euthanasia with regard to those patients suffering from dementia. The author’s arguments, according to which Kant could even argue that those persons who have begun suffering from dementia have a duty to die, have all been given special importance in this paper. The question is could and should this specific moral ever be allowed to become universal when considering the patients’ willingness to commit suicide once they start suffering from dementia or perhaps once they start experiencing a loss of rationality? Should suicide even become a patient’s duty? Furthermore, if a patient shows absolutely no intention or willingness of taking her/his own life, ‘should’ the doctor perform a non-voluntary euthanasia over the patient? This paper analyses the author’s arguments which are actually in favor of aforementioned questions, and aims to examine the plausibility of the act as well as to criticize it. The issue of euthanasia is very important, because the key question is what in fact constitutes the fundamental value of human life, which lies at the heart of this problem., U radu se obrađuju pitanja eutanazije i detaljno se analizira kantovski odgovor na dotičnu praksu. U vezi s Kantovim stajalištima o mnogim srodnim pitanjima, kao što su ubistvo, samoubistvo, autonomija, racionalnost, čast i vrednost ljudskog života, glavni cilj ovoga rada jeste da se pruži objašnjenje za jedan uopšteno mogući kantovski pogled na eutanaziju, kao i objašnjenje za jedan određeni oblik eutanazije s obzirom na one pacijente koji pate od demencije. Argumenti autora, prema kojima je Kant čak mogao da tvrdi da su osobe koje su počele patiti od demencije imale dužnost da umru, u ovom radu su bili od posebne važnosti. Pitanje je da li bi se moglo i trebalo ikada dozvoliti da ovaj specifični moral postane univerzalan kada se razmatra želja pacijenata da počini samoubistvo, kada počnu patiti od demencije ili možda jednom kada počnu doživljavati gubitak racionalnosti? Da li bi samoubistvo trebalo čak da postane pacijentova dužnost? Nadalje, ako pacijent ne pokazuje apsolutno nikakvu nameru ili spremnost da oduzme sebi život, „treba li“ doktor obaviti nedobrovoljnu eutanaziju nad pacijentom? Ovaj rad analizira argumente autora koji zapravo podržavaju navedena pitanja i ima za cilj ispitivanje verodostojnosti tog čina kao i njegovo kritikovanje. Problem eutanazije je vrlo važan, jer je ključno pitanje šta u stvari konstituiše temeljnu vrednost ljudskog života, koja leži u srcu ovog problema,idrugihformičovekovogpravanaživot.