Search

Valuations for various attributes of the transport supply are key parameters in travel demand forecast models and cost-benefit analyses. In the case of interregional rail travel, such attributes are mostly travel time, departure/arrival time, and comfort/service levels. Although the valuations for travel time savings and comfort levels are well documented, literature concerning how much passengers are willing to pay to obtain the departure/arrival time that best suits their needs remains scarce. We present in this paper a new study that estimates passenger valuations for reduction of departure time displacement (also called schedule delay) through common adaptation of the scheduling model. Our goal is twofold: first, better understand how travel scheduling is influenced by socioeconomic backgrounds and trip characteristics; second, provide detailed figures that can be used to improve travel demand forecasts and cost-benefit analyses. To achieve this, we conducted a stated preference survey on several Swedish rail routes and determined the valuations for departure time scheduling as willingness to pay and time multipliers. The figures obtained show that departure time flexibility greatly depends on trip characteristics and travellers’ socio-economic background. In addition, the comparison of our figures with previous literature highlights the need to establish a standardised method to measure and use these valuations. Finally, we succeeded in providing valuations that can be used with care as approximations in demand modelling and cost-benefit analyses in the context of interregional rail travel.

Valuations for various attributes of the transport supply are key parameters in travel demand forecast models and cost-benefit analyses. In the case of interregional rail travel, such attributes are mostly travel time, departure/arrival time, and comfort/service levels. Although the valuations for travel time savings and comfort levels are well documented, literature concerning how much passengers are willing to pay to obtain the departure/arrival time that best suits their needs remains scarce. We present in this paper a new study that estimates passenger valuations for reduction of departure time displacement (also called schedule delay) through common adaptation of the scheduling model. Our goal is twofold: first, better understand how travel scheduling is influenced by socioeconomic backgrounds and trip characteristics; second, provide detailed figures that can be used to improve travel demand forecasts and cost-benefit analyses. To achieve this, we conducted a stated preference survey on several Swedish rail routes and determined the valuations for departure time scheduling as willingness to pay and time multipliers. The figures obtained show that departure time flexibility greatly depends on trip characteristics and travellers’ socio-economic background. In addition, the comparison of our figures with previous literature highlights the need to establish a standardised method to measure and use these valuations. Finally, we succeeded in providing valuations that can be used with care as approximations in demand modelling and cost-benefit analyses in the context of interregional rail travel.

Valuations for various attributes of the transport supply are key parameters in travel demand forecast models and cost-benefit analyses. In the case of interregional rail travel, such attributes are mostly travel time, departure/ arrival time, and comfort/service levels. Although the valuations for travel time savings and comfort levels are well documented, literature concerning how much passengers are willing to pay to obtain the departure/arrival time that best suits their needs remains scarce. We present in this paper a new study that estimates passenger valuations for reduction of departure time displacement (also called schedule delay) through common adaptation of the scheduling model. Our goal is twofold: first, better understand how travel scheduling is influenced by socioeconomic backgrounds and trip characteristics; second, provide detailed figures that can be used to improve travel demand forecasts and cost-benefit analyses. To achieve this, we conducted a stated preference survey on several Swedish rail routes and determined the valuations for departure time scheduling as willingness to pay and time multipliers. The figures obtained show that departure time flexibility greatly depends on trip characteristics and travellers? socio-economic background. In addition, the comparison of our figures with previous literature highlights the need to establish a standardised method to measure and use these valuations. Finally, we succeeded in providing valuations that can be used with care as approximations in demand modelling and cost benefit analyses in the context of interregional rail travel., QC 20210419

Valuations for various attributes of the transport supply are key parameters in travel demand forecast models and cost-benefit analyses. In the case of interregional rail travel, such attributes are mostly travel time, departure/arrival time, and comfort/service levels. Although the valuations for travel time savings and comfort levels are well documented, literature concerning how much passengers are willing to pay to obtain the departure/arrival time that best suits their needs remains scarce. We present in this paper a new study that estimates passenger valuations for reduction of departure time displacement (also called schedule delay) through common adaptation of the scheduling model. Our goal is twofold: first, better understand how travel scheduling is influenced by socioeconomic backgrounds and trip characteristics; second, provide detailed figures that can be used to improve travel demand forecasts and cost-benefit analyses. To achieve this, we conducted a stated preference survey on several Swedish rail routes and determined the valuations for departure time scheduling as willingness to pay and time multipliers. The figures obtained show that departure time flexibility greatly depends on trip characteristics and travellers’ socio-economic background. In addition, the comparison of our figures with previous literature highlights the need to establish a standardised method to measure and use these valuations. Finally, we succeeded in providing valuations that can be used with care as approximations in demand modelling and cost-benefit analyses in the context of interregional rail travel., QC 20200506

Supplement 2Meeting abstract 645

Objective: To investigate the incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and patient characteristics in Sweden between 1988 and 2013. Methods: All PML diagnoses in Sweden between 1988 and 2013 were identified in the National Patient Register. Information to validate the diagnosis and patient characteristics was obtained from medical records. Results: Medical record review classified 108 out of 250 patients (43%) as definite (n = 84), probable (n = 4), or possible (n = 20) PML according to diagnostic criteria. Accurate diagnoses were more common in records obtained from neurology departments (82% of patients seen in neurology departments) compared with other departments (31%) (p < 0.001). The incidence of PML increased from a largely stable level at 0.026 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.021-0.031) per 100,000 individuals per year during 1988-2010 to 0.11 (95% CI 083-0.137) during 2011-2013, during which time there was a notable increase (p < 0.001). Hematologic malignancies (n = 34), HIV/AIDS (n = 33), and autoimmune disease (n = 23) were the most common underlying diseases. Treatment with a monoclonal antibody prior to PML diagnosis was identified in 26 patients. Conclusion: An increased incidence of PML in Sweden was observed and coincided with the prior use of monoclonal antibody treatment. The high level of misdiagnosis emphasizes the importance of immediate contact with a neurology center upon suspicion of PML., Funding Agencies:F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Stockholm County Council Swedish Medical Research Council Karolinska Institutet

På Västkustbanan mellan Göteborg och Malmö–Köpenhamn har Öresundståg och SJ kört tågtrafik som konkurrerar om de interregionala resenärerna (resor längre än 100 km). Sedan Öresundståg fick egen trafikeringsrätt 2009 har antalet tågavgångar ökat med 50 % och det interregionala resandet med 40 %. Tågtrafiken har vunnit marknadsandelar från långväga buss och flyg, och SJ:s nya Intercitytåg vann också inledningsvis resenärer från Öresundstågen. Resenärerna har med de två operatörerna segmenterats så att Öresundståg främst attraherar de som värderar högre turtäthet och lägre pris, medan SJ vinner de resenärer som värderar restid, komfort och servering ombord högre. SJ:s mer etablerade varumärke värderas också högre av de flesta resenärer, liksom X 2000-tågen värderas högre än Öresundstågen. Fördelning av tåglägen har skett smidigt i tågplaneprocessen och de konflikter som uppstår har lösts under samordningsfasen. SJ har dock från april 2012 ställt in sin fjärrtågstrafik på Västkustbanan på grund av dålig ekonomi, och till det bidrar också brist på lämpliga fordon och för långa restider i förhållande till bilkörning på den parallella motorvägen., On the West Coast Line between Gothenburg and Malmö–Copenhagen, Öresund trains (Öresundståg) and SJ have operated traffic that competes for interregional travellers (journeys longer than 100 km). Since Öresund trains was granted its own traffic operation rights in 2009, the number of departures have increased by 50% and interregional travel by 40%. Train traffic has taken market shares from long-distance coach and air travel and SJ’s new Intercity trains also won over travellers from the Öresund trains to begin with. With the two operators, travellers have been segmented in such a way that Öresund trains primarily attracts those who value higher frequency of service and lower fares, while SJ takes those customers who value journey time, comfort and on-board service higher. SJ’s more established brand is also valued higher by most travellers, in the same way as the X 2000 trains are valued higher than the Öresund train units. Train paths have been distributed without problem in the train planning process and any conflicts that have arisen have been resolved during the coordination phase. SJ has, however, discontinued all its long-distance traffic on the West Coast Line from April 2012 due to poor economy, in which a lack of suitable vehicles and too long journey times in relation to the car on the parallel motorway have been contributing factors., QC 20120525, Resenärernas val – en studie av konkurrerande tågtrafik på Västkustbanan

På Västkustbanan mellan Göteborg och Malmö–Köpenhamn har Öresundståg och SJ kört tågtrafik som konkurrerar om de interregionala resenärerna (resor längre än 100 km). Sedan Öresundståg fick egen trafikeringsrätt 2009 har antalet tågavgångar ökat med 50 % och det interregionala resandet med 40 %. Tågtrafiken har vunnit marknadsandelar från långväga buss och flyg, och SJ:s nya Intercitytåg vann också inledningsvis resenärer från Öresundstågen. Resenärerna har med de två operatörerna segmenterats så att Öresundståg främst attraherar de som värderar högre turtäthet och lägre pris, medan SJ vinner de resenärer som värderar restid, komfort och servering ombord högre. SJ:s mer etablerade varumärke värderas också högre av de flesta resenärer, liksom X 2000-tågen värderas högre än Öresundstågen. Fördelning av tåglägen har skett smidigt i tågplaneprocessen och de konflikter som uppstår har lösts under samordningsfasen. SJ har dock från april 2012 ställt in sin fjärrtågstrafik på Västkustbanan på grund av dålig ekonomi, och till det bidrar också brist på lämpliga fordon och för långa restider i förhållande till bilkörning på den parallella motorvägen., On the West Coast Line between Gothenburg and Malmö–Copenhagen, Öresund trains (Öresundståg) and SJ have operated traffic that competes for interregional travellers (journeys longer than 100 km). Since Öresund trains was granted its own traffic operation rights in 2009, the number of departures have increased by 50% and interregional travel by 40%. Train traffic has taken market shares from long-distance coach and air travel and SJ’s new Intercity trains also won over travellers from the Öresund trains to begin with. With the two operators, travellers have been segmented in such a way that Öresund trains primarily attracts those who value higher frequency of service and lower fares, while SJ takes those customers who value journey time, comfort and on-board service higher. SJ’s more established brand is also valued higher by most travellers, in the same way as the X 2000 trains are valued higher than the Öresund train units. Train paths have been distributed without problem in the train planning process and any conflicts that have arisen have been resolved during the coordination phase. SJ has, however, discontinued all its long-distance traffic on the West Coast Line from April 2012 due to poor economy, in which a lack of suitable vehicles and too long journey times in relation to the car on the parallel motorway have been contributing factors., QC 20120525

På Västkustbanan mellan Göteborg och Malmö–Köpenhamn har Öresundståg och SJ kört tågtrafik som konkurrerar om de interregionala resenärerna (resor längre än 100 km). Sedan Öresundståg fick egen trafikeringsrätt 2009 har antalet tågavgångar ökat med 50 % och det interregionala resandet med 40 %. Tågtrafiken har vunnit marknadsandelar från långväga buss och flyg, och SJ:s nya Intercitytåg vann också inledningsvis resenärer från Öresundstågen. Resenärerna har med de två operatörerna segmenterats så att Öresundståg främst attraherar de som värderar högre turtäthet och lägre pris, medan SJ vinner de resenärer som värderar restid, komfort och servering ombord högre. SJ:s mer etablerade varumärke värderas också högre av de flesta resenärer, liksom X 2000-tågen värderas högre än Öresundstågen. Fördelning av tåglägen har skett smidigt i tågplaneprocessen och de konflikter som uppstår har lösts under samordningsfasen. SJ har dock från april 2012 ställt in sin fjärrtågstrafik på Västkustbanan på grund av dålig ekonomi, och till det bidrar också brist på lämpliga fordon och för långa restider i förhållande till bilkörning på den parallella motorvägen., On the West Coast Line between Gothenburg and Malmö–Copenhagen, Öresund trains (Öresundståg) and SJ have operated traffic that competes for interregional travellers (journeys longer than 100 km). Since Öresund trains was granted its own traffic operation rights in 2009, the number of departures have increased by 50% and interregional travel by 40%. Train traffic has taken market shares from long-distance coach and air travel and SJ’s new Intercity trains also won over travellers from the Öresund trains to begin with. With the two operators, travellers have been segmented in such a way that Öresund trains primarily attracts those who value higher frequency of service and lower fares, while SJ takes those customers who value journey time, comfort and on-board service higher. SJ’s more established brand is also valued higher by most travellers, in the same way as the X 2000 trains are valued higher than the Öresund train units. Train paths have been distributed without problem in the train planning process and any conflicts that have arisen have been resolved during the coordination phase. SJ has, however, discontinued all its long-distance traffic on the West Coast Line from April 2012 due to poor economy, in which a lack of suitable vehicles and too long journey times in relation to the car on the parallel motorway have been contributing factors., QC 20120525

På Västkustbanan mellan Göteborg och Malmö–Köpenhamn har Öresundståg och SJ kört tågtrafik som konkurrerar om de interregionala resenärerna (resor längre än 100 km). Sedan Öresundståg fick egen trafikeringsrätt 2009 har antalet tågavgångar ökat med 50 % och det interregionala resandet med 40 %. Tågtrafiken har vunnit marknadsandelar från långväga buss och flyg, och SJ:s nya Intercitytåg vann också inledningsvis resenärer från Öresundstågen. Resenärerna har med de två operatörerna segmenterats så att Öresundståg främst attraherar de som värderar högre turtäthet och lägre pris, medan SJ vinner de resenärer som värderar restid, komfort och servering ombord högre. SJ:s mer etablerade varumärke värderas också högre av de flesta resenärer, liksom X 2000-tågen värderas högre än Öresundstågen. Fördelning av tåglägen har skett smidigt i tågplaneprocessen och de konflikter som uppstår har lösts under samordningsfasen. SJ har dock från april 2012 ställt in sin fjärrtågstrafik på Västkustbanan på grund av dålig ekonomi, och till det bidrar också brist på lämpliga fordon och för långa restider i förhållande till bilkörning på den parallella motorvägen., On the West Coast Line between Gothenburg and Malmö–Copenhagen, Öresund trains (Öresundståg) and SJ have operated traffic that competes for interregional travellers (journeys longer than 100 km). Since Öresund trains was granted its own traffic operation rights in 2009, the number of departures have increased by 50% and interregional travel by 40%. Train traffic has taken market shares from long-distance coach and air travel and SJ’s new Intercity trains also won over travellers from the Öresund trains to begin with. With the two operators, travellers have been segmented in such a way that Öresund trains primarily attracts those who value higher frequency of service and lower fares, while SJ takes those customers who value journey time, comfort and on-board service higher. SJ’s more established brand is also valued higher by most travellers, in the same way as the X 2000 trains are valued higher than the Öresund train units. Train paths have been distributed without problem in the train planning process and any conflicts that have arisen have been resolved during the coordination phase. SJ has, however, discontinued all its long-distance traffic on the West Coast Line from April 2012 due to poor economy, in which a lack of suitable vehicles and too long journey times in relation to the car on the parallel motorway have been contributing factors., QC 20120525

På Västkustbanan mellan Göteborg och Malmö–Köpenhamn har Öresundståg och SJ kört tågtrafik som konkurrerar om de interregionala resenärerna (resor längre än 100 km). Sedan Öresundståg fick egen trafikeringsrätt 2009 har antalet tågavgångar ökat med 50 % och det interregionala resandet med 40 %. Tågtrafiken har vunnit marknadsandelar från långväga buss och flyg, och SJ:s nya Intercitytåg vann också inledningsvis resenärer från Öresundstågen. Resenärerna har med de två operatörerna segmenterats så att Öresundståg främst attraherar de som värderar högre turtäthet och lägre pris, medan SJ vinner de resenärer som värderar restid, komfort och servering ombord högre. SJ:s mer etablerade varumärke värderas också högre av de flesta resenärer, liksom X 2000-tågen värderas högre än Öresundstågen. Fördelning av tåglägen har skett smidigt i tågplaneprocessen och de konflikter som uppstår har lösts under samordningsfasen. SJ har dock från april 2012 ställt in sin fjärrtågstrafik på Västkustbanan på grund av dålig ekonomi, och till det bidrar också brist på lämpliga fordon och för långa restider i förhållande till bilkörning på den parallella motorvägen., On the West Coast Line between Gothenburg and Malmö–Copenhagen, Öresund trains (Öresundståg) and SJ have operated traffic that competes for interregional travellers (journeys longer than 100 km). Since Öresund trains was granted its own traffic operation rights in 2009, the number of departures have increased by 50% and interregional travel by 40%. Train traffic has taken market shares from long-distance coach and air travel and SJ’s new Intercity trains also won over travellers from the Öresund trains to begin with. With the two operators, travellers have been segmented in such a way that Öresund trains primarily attracts those who value higher frequency of service and lower fares, while SJ takes those customers who value journey time, comfort and on-board service higher. SJ’s more established brand is also valued higher by most travellers, in the same way as the X 2000 trains are valued higher than the Öresund train units. Train paths have been distributed without problem in the train planning process and any conflicts that have arisen have been resolved during the coordination phase. SJ has, however, discontinued all its long-distance traffic on the West Coast Line from April 2012 due to poor economy, in which a lack of suitable vehicles and too long journey times in relation to the car on the parallel motorway have been contributing factors., QC 20120525

På Västkustbanan mellan Göteborg och Malmö–Köpenhamn har Öresundståg och SJ kört tågtrafik som konkurrerar om de interregionala resenärerna (resor längre än 100 km). Sedan Öresundståg fick egen trafikeringsrätt 2009 har antalet tågavgångar ökat med 50 % och det interregionala resandet med 40 %. Tågtrafiken har vunnit marknadsandelar från långväga buss och flyg, och SJ:s nya Intercitytåg vann också inledningsvis resenärer från Öresundstågen. Resenärerna har med de två operatörerna segmenterats så att Öresundståg främst attraherar de som värderar högre turtäthet och lägre pris, medan SJ vinner de resenärer som värderar restid, komfort och servering ombord högre. SJ:s mer etablerade varumärke värderas också högre av de flesta resenärer, liksom X 2000-tågen värderas högre än Öresundstågen. Fördelning av tåglägen har skett smidigt i tågplaneprocessen och de konflikter som uppstår har lösts under samordningsfasen. SJ har dock från april 2012 ställt in sin fjärrtågstrafik på Västkustbanan på grund av dålig ekonomi, och till det bidrar också brist på lämpliga fordon och för långa restider i förhållande till bilkörning på den parallella motorvägen., On the West Coast Line between Gothenburg and Malmö–Copenhagen, Öresund trains (Öresundståg) and SJ have operated traffic that competes for interregional travellers (journeys longer than 100 km). Since Öresund trains was granted its own traffic operation rights in 2009, the number of departures have increased by 50% and interregional travel by 40%. Train traffic has taken market shares from long-distance coach and air travel and SJ’s new Intercity trains also won over travellers from the Öresund trains to begin with. With the two operators, travellers have been segmented in such a way that Öresund trains primarily attracts those who value higher frequency of service and lower fares, while SJ takes those customers who value journey time, comfort and on-board service higher. SJ’s more established brand is also valued higher by most travellers, in the same way as the X 2000 trains are valued higher than the Öresund train units. Train paths have been distributed without problem in the train planning process and any conflicts that have arisen have been resolved during the coordination phase. SJ has, however, discontinued all its long-distance traffic on the West Coast Line from April 2012 due to poor economy, in which a lack of suitable vehicles and too long journey times in relation to the car on the parallel motorway have been contributing factors., QC 20120525

TSC import 1281 2013-01-15QC 20131010

TSC import 1281 2013-01-15QC 20131011

TSC import 1049 2012-02-06. QC 20120301

TSC import 1045 2012-02-06. QC 20120301