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Declining attendance in the Dutch cervical cancer screening programme was recently observed, coinciding with preparations for implementing primary hrHPV-based screening, which was implemented in January 2017. We aimed to investigate which factors were related to decreased attendance. We conducted a population-based cohort study including all women aged 30 to 60 years who were eligible for screening between 2014 and 2018. Attendance was defined as participation in the screening programme within 15 months of the start of the invitation-eligible year. We used data from the Dutch pathology archive (PALGA) linked with data from Statistics Netherlands to investigate population characteristics (position in the household, household income, socio-economic status, number of people in the household, migration background, age) and data from the five Dutch screening organisations (SO) to investigate the effect of cessing self-inviting GP's (‘inviting organisation’). SO's were termed SO 1 to 5. Higher attendance rates were observed in women who were employed (60.8%), married (62.9%), Dutch (61.2%), in the highest income bracket (63.4%), living in households with four persons (65.3%) and women who were invited by their GP (69.8%). Differences in personal characteristics did not explain the decline in attendance rates. By adjusting for whether the GP or the SO sent the invitation, the differences in attendance rates between 2014 and 2015 and 2016 and between 2014 and 2015 and 2017–2018 were explained in some screening organis

Declining attendance in the Dutch cervical cancer screening programme was recently observed, coinciding with preparations for implementing primary hrHPV-based screening, which was implemented in January 2017. We aimed to investigate which factors were related to decreased attendance. We conducted a population-based cohort study including all women aged 30 to 60 years who were eligible for screening between 2014 and 2018. Attendance was defined as participation in the screening programme within 15 months of the start of the invitation-eligible year. We used data from the Dutch pathology archive (PALGA) linked with data from Statistics Netherlands to investigate population characteristics (position in the household, household income, socio-economic status, number of people in the household, migration background, age) and data from the five Dutch screening organisations (SO) to investigate the effect of cessing self-inviting GP's (‘inviting organisation’). SO's were termed SO 1 to 5. Higher attendance rates were observed in women who were employed (60.8%), married (62.9%), Dutch (61.2%), in the highest income bracket (63.4%), living in households with four persons (65.3%) and women who were invited by their GP (69.8%). Differences in personal characteristics did not explain the decline in attendance rates. By adjusting for whether the GP or the SO sent the invitation, the differences in attendance rates between 2014 and 2015 and 2016 and between 2014 and 2015 and 2017–2018 were explained in some screening organis

Contains fulltext : 232910.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Declining attendance in the Dutch cervical cancer screening programme was recently observed, coinciding with preparations for implementing primary hrHPV-based screening, which was implemented in January 2017. We aimed to investigate which factors were related to decreased attendance. We conducted a population-based cohort study including all women aged 30 to 60 years who were eligible for screening between 2014 and 2018. Attendance was defined as participation in the screening programme within 15 months of the start of the invitation-eligible year. We used data from the Dutch pathology archive (PALGA) linked with data from Statistics Netherlands to investigate population characteristics (position in the household, household income, socio-economic status, number of people in the household, migration background, age) and data from the five Dutch screening organisations (SO) to investigate the effect of cessing self-inviting GP's ('inviting organisation'). SO's were termed SO 1 to 5. Higher attendance rates were observed in women who were employed (60.8%), married (62.9%), Dutch (61.2%), in the highest income bracket (63.4%), living in households with four persons (65.3%) and women who were invited by their GP (69.8%). Differences in personal characteristics did not explain the decline in attendance rates. By adjusting for whether the GP or the SO sent the invitation, the differences in attendance rates between 2014 and 2015 and 2016 and between 2014 and 2015 and 2017-2018 were explained in some screening organisations. Removing the possibility for GPs to send invitations explains some of the decline in participation, although this did not account for the total change in attendance.

Contains fulltext : 232910.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Declining attendance in the Dutch cervical cancer screening programme was recently observed, coinciding with preparations for implementing primary hrHPV-based screening, which was implemented in January 2017. We aimed to investigate which factors were related to decreased attendance. We conducted a population-based cohort study including all women aged 30 to 60 years who were eligible for screening between 2014 and 2018. Attendance was defined as participation in the screening programme within 15 months of the start of the invitation-eligible year. We used data from the Dutch pathology archive (PALGA) linked with data from Statistics Netherlands to investigate population characteristics (position in the household, household income, socio-economic status, number of people in the household, migration background, age) and data from the five Dutch screening organisations (SO) to investigate the effect of cessing self-inviting GP's ('inviting organisation'). SO's were termed SO 1 to 5. Higher attendance rates were observed in women who were employed (60.8%), married (62.9%), Dutch (61.2%), in the highest income bracket (63.4%), living in households with four persons (65.3%) and women who were invited by their GP (69.8%). Differences in personal characteristics did not explain the decline in attendance rates. By adjusting for whether the GP or the SO sent the invitation, the differences in attendance rates between 2014 and 2015 and 2016 and between 2014 and 2015 and 2017-2018 were explained in some screening organisations. Removing the possibility for GPs to send invitations explains some of the decline in participation, although this did not account for the total change in attendance.

On 17 November 1959, the Minister of Education, Arts and Sciences, Jo Cals, knocked the sixty-eighth pile into the ground. The Dutch institute for plasma physics, FOM-Rijnhuizen, was festively opened. This opening marks the definitive establishment of the promise of nuclear fusion in the Netherlands. In previous years scientists had promised to be able to generate inexhaustible clean energy from controlled fusion in the near future, the energy of the sun on earth, and this promise had led to a real fusion hype in the media. In the following decades, Dutch fusion research, which was part of an internationally declassified research area during the Cold War, experienced several setbacks and successes, although it never came to a commercially deployable fusion reactor. However, the Dutch government continued to invest considerable amounts of money in the research. Even at times when a fusion reactor seemed far from likely. This thesis examines how Dutch scientists, investors, media and popular culture related to the promise of nuclear fusion between 1951 and 1979 and how this attitude may or may not have changed as a result of breakthroughs in international fusion research, rising tensions in the Cold War and social debates about energy supply. This research shows that the possibility of European cooperation to keep up scientifically with developments in the United States and the Soviet Union was the main motivation for investing in Dutch fusion research, that arguments for alternative sustainable energy sources had been known longer than has been thought, and that the promise of nuclear fusion played an important role in the failure of the Dutch nuclear energy project.

On 17 November 1959, the Minister of Education, Arts and Sciences, Jo Cals, knocked the sixty-eighth pile into the ground. The Dutch institute for plasma physics, FOM-Rijnhuizen, was festively opened. This opening marks the definitive establishment of the promise of nuclear fusion in the Netherlands. In previous years scientists had promised to be able to generate inexhaustible clean energy from controlled fusion in the near future, the energy of the sun on earth, and this promise had led to a real fusion hype in the media. In the following decades, Dutch fusion research, which was part of an internationally declassified research area during the Cold War, experienced several setbacks and successes, although it never came to a commercially deployable fusion reactor. However, the Dutch government continued to invest considerable amounts of money in the research. Even at times when a fusion reactor seemed far from likely. This thesis examines how Dutch scientists, investors, media and popular culture related to the promise of nuclear fusion between 1951 and 1979 and how this attitude may or may not have changed as a result of breakthroughs in international fusion research, rising tensions in the Cold War and social debates about energy supply. This research shows that the possibility of European cooperation to keep up scientifically with developments in the United States and the Soviet Union was the main motivation for investing in Dutch fusion research, that arguments for alternative sustainable energy sources had been known longer than has been thought, and that the promise of nuclear fusion played an important role in the failure of the Dutch nuclear energy project.

In deze scriptie verdedig ik dat het aanwijzen niet in alle gevallen bij woorden voor ongedefinieerde hoeveelheden de content bepaalt. Door David Kaplan worden character en content binnen de betekenis van woorden en zinsdelen onderscheiden. Bij een aantal woorden verschilt deze content per context, terwijl de talige afspraken hetzelfde blijft. Termen waarvoor dit ook geldt heten indexicals. Kaplan onderscheidt twee soorten indexicals: pure indexicals waarbij de content direct bepaald wordt door de context en true demonstratives. Bij true demonstratives, zoals ‘die’ en ‘dat’, is een extra contextuele factor nodig om te bepalen wat de content is. Volgens Kaplan is deze contextuele factor de handeling van het aanwijzen. Na de voorgaande begrippen en theorieën verder te hebben uitgewerkt in de inleiding verdedig ik in het eerste hoofdstuk dat woorden voor ongedefinieerde hoeveelheden indexicals zijn en geen pure indexicals. Daarna werk ik in het tweede hoofdstuk uit waarom het aanwijzen niet in alle gevallen de content bepaalt bij woorden voor ongedefinieerde hoeveelheden. Vervolgens onderzoek ik in het derde hoofdstuk wat mogelijke vervolgstappen kunnen zijn om te komen tot een positieve claim over de bepalende contextuele factor voor deze termen.

In deze scriptie verdedig ik dat het aanwijzen niet in alle gevallen bij woorden voor ongedefinieerde hoeveelheden de content bepaalt. Door David Kaplan worden character en content binnen de betekenis van woorden en zinsdelen onderscheiden. Bij een aantal woorden verschilt deze content per context, terwijl de talige afspraken hetzelfde blijft. Termen waarvoor dit ook geldt heten indexicals. Kaplan onderscheidt twee soorten indexicals: pure indexicals waarbij de content direct bepaald wordt door de context en true demonstratives. Bij true demonstratives, zoals ‘die’ en ‘dat’, is een extra contextuele factor nodig om te bepalen wat de content is. Volgens Kaplan is deze contextuele factor de handeling van het aanwijzen. Na de voorgaande begrippen en theorieën verder te hebben uitgewerkt in de inleiding verdedig ik in het eerste hoofdstuk dat woorden voor ongedefinieerde hoeveelheden indexicals zijn en geen pure indexicals. Daarna werk ik in het tweede hoofdstuk uit waarom het aanwijzen niet in alle gevallen de content bepaalt bij woorden voor ongedefinieerde hoeveelheden. Vervolgens onderzoek ik in het derde hoofdstuk wat mogelijke vervolgstappen kunnen zijn om te komen tot een positieve claim over de bepalende contextuele factor voor deze termen.

Wat zegt de weergave van nucleaire vernietiging in sciencefiction over de atoomangst in de Amerikaanse samenleving tussen 1975 en 1985? Deze vraag wordt beantwoord in het volgende onderzoek. Naar aanleiding van de these van cultuurhistoricus Paul Boyer, dat aan het einde van de jaren zeventig en begin jaren tachtig eenzelfde atoomangst heerste als in de periode 1945-1950, wordt het cultuurgenre sciencefiction onder de loep genomen om zodoende een weergave te geven van deze atoomangst in de Amerikaanse samenleving. Dit wordt onderzocht middels een kwantitatief onderzoek naar de periode 1975-1985 en een kwalitatieve vergelijking met de door Boyer onderzochte periode. Met behulp van dit onderzoek zal vervolgens de these worden beargumenteerd dat de Amerikaanse samenleving kampte met een enorm negatief mensbeeld in de onderzochte periode waardoor de mogelijkheid dat het mis zou gaan met de nucleaire wapens groot werd geacht. Dit wordt het Amerikaanse doemdenken genoemd.

Wat zegt de weergave van nucleaire vernietiging in sciencefiction over de atoomangst in de Amerikaanse samenleving tussen 1975 en 1985? Deze vraag wordt beantwoord in het volgende onderzoek. Naar aanleiding van de these van cultuurhistoricus Paul Boyer, dat aan het einde van de jaren zeventig en begin jaren tachtig eenzelfde atoomangst heerste als in de periode 1945-1950, wordt het cultuurgenre sciencefiction onder de loep genomen om zodoende een weergave te geven van deze atoomangst in de Amerikaanse samenleving. Dit wordt onderzocht middels een kwantitatief onderzoek naar de periode 1975-1985 en een kwalitatieve vergelijking met de door Boyer onderzochte periode. Met behulp van dit onderzoek zal vervolgens de these worden beargumenteerd dat de Amerikaanse samenleving kampte met een enorm negatief mensbeeld in de onderzochte periode waardoor de mogelijkheid dat het mis zou gaan met de nucleaire wapens groot werd geacht. Dit wordt het Amerikaanse doemdenken genoemd.

Traditional batch evaluation metrics assume that user interaction with search results is limited to scanning down a ranked list. However, modern search interfaces come with additional elements supporting result list refinement (RLR) through facets and filters, making user search behavior increasingly dynamic. We develop an evaluation framework that takes a step beyond the interaction assumption of traditional evaluation metrics and allows for batch evaluation of systems with and without RLR elements. In our framework we model user interaction as switching between different sublists. This provides a measure of user effort based on the joint effect of user interaction with RLR elements and result quality. We validate our framework by conducting a user study and comparing model predictions with real user performance. Our model predictions show significant positive correlation with real user effort. Further, in contrast to traditional evaluation metrics, the predictions using our framework, of when users stand to benefit from RLR elements, reflect findings from our user study. Finally, we use the framework to investigate under what conditions systems with and without RLR elements are likely to be effective. We simulate varying conditions concerning ranking quality, users, task and interface properties demonstrating a cost-effective way to study whole system performance.

Traditional batch evaluation metrics assume that user interaction with search results is limited to scanning down a ranked list. However, modern search interfaces come with additional elements supporting result list refinement (RLR) through facets and filters, making user search behavior increasingly dynamic. We develop an evaluation framework that takes a step beyond the interaction assumption of traditional evaluation metrics and allows for batch evaluation of systems with and without RLR elements. In our framework we model user interaction as switching between different sublists. This provides a measure of user effort based on the joint effect of user interaction with RLR elements and result quality. We validate our framework by conducting a user study and comparing model predictions with real user performance. Our model predictions show significant positive correlation with real user effort. Further, in contrast to traditional evaluation metrics, the predictions using our framework, of when users stand to benefit from RLR elements, reflect findings from our user study. Finally, we use the framework to investigate under what conditions systems with and without RLR elements are likely to be effective. We simulate varying conditions concerning ranking quality, users, task and interface properties demonstrating a cost-effective way to study whole system performance.

Which queries stand to gain or loose from diversifying their results? Some queries are more difficult than others for diversification. Across a number of conceptually different diversification methods, performance on such queries tends to deteriorate after applying these diversification methods, even though their initial performance in terms of relevance or diversity tends to be good.

Which queries stand to gain or loose from diversifying their results? Some queries are more difficult than others for diversification. Across a number of conceptually different diversification methods, performance on such queries tends to deteriorate after applying these diversification methods, even though their initial performance in terms of relevance or diversity tends to be good.

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Contains fulltext : 184779.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)

Contains fulltext : 184779.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)