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BACKGROUND: Blood transfusions are performed frequently in goats, but crossmatches are rarely performed. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Determine differences in the frequency of agglutination and hemolytic crossmatch reactions between large and small breed goats. ANIMALS: Healthy adult goats, 10 large and 10 small breed. METHODS: Two hundred eighty major and minor agglutination and hemolytic crossmatches: 90 large breed donor to large breed recipient (L-L), 90 small breed donor to small breed recipient (S-S), 100 large breed donor to small breed recipient (L-S). A linear mixed model with treatment group (L-L, S-S, L-S) as a fixed effect and individual crossmatch as a random effect was used to identify variations in reaction frequency among groups and individuals. RESULTS: Frequency of major agglutination reactions for L-L, S-S, and L-S were 3/90 (3.3%), 7/90 (7.8%), and 10/100 (10.0%), respectively. Frequency of major hemolytic reactions for L-L, S-S, and L-S were 27/84 (32.1%), 7/72 (9.7%), and 31/71 (43.7%). Individual pairings and groupings had no effect on agglutination reactions. Individual pairings had no effect on the frequency of hemolytic reactions. For major hemolytic crossmatches, pairwise comparisons identified higher frequencies of reactions when comparing L-L to S-S (P = .007) and L-S to S-S (P < .001). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Goats experience increased frequencies of hemolytic reactions compared to agglutination. Significant increases in hemolysis were seen between large breed donors and small breed recipients, compared to small breed pairings. Additional studies are required to determine correlations between crossmatches and transfusion reactions.

Background and Aim: A comprehensive understanding of an athlete's physical fitness and overall condition is paramount in professional sports, especially wrestling. Such insights are instrumental in talent identification, sculpting training regimens, and, ultimately, ensuring success on the field. Given this backdrop, this study embarked on a mission to meticulously investigate the variances in body composition and diverse elements of physical fitness among the elite Olympic athletes of Iraq. The emphasis was on delineating correlations or disparities based on their blood groups. Methods: Adopting a robust semi-experimental approach, this research incorporated 40 young, spirited wrestlers from Baghdad. These athletes represented a spectrum of blood groups: A, B, AB, and O, all unified by a positive RH factor. Spanning from January 2021 to May 2023, post the acquisition of informed consent; these participants underwent rigorous laboratory evaluations. These assessments delved into determining their blood group, deciphering body fat percentages, BMI metrics, and gauging attributes like endurance, muscle tenacity, speed, agility, anaerobic prowess, and peak oxygen consumption. To ensure data integrity, analyses were diligently performed using the renowned SPSS22 software, with a stringent significance benchmark of .05. Results: The findings were revelatory. Clear-cut distinctions were evident across the four blood group categories (p < .05). Athletes with the O blood group consistently eclipsed their counterparts, while the AB group presented a contrasting picture, trailing in most metrics. Conclusion: The research underscores that an athlete's blood group might significantly determine their physical composition and performance capabilities, especially in Olympic sports.

Background: Accurate blood type data are essential for blood bank management, but due to costs, few of 43 blood group systems are routinely determined in Danish blood banks. However, a more comprehensive dataset of blood types is useful in scenarios such as rare blood type allocation. We aimed to investigate the viability and accuracy of predicting blood types by leveraging an existing dataset of imputed genotypes for two cohorts of approximately 90,000 each (Danish Blood Donor Study and Copenhagen Biobank) and present a more comprehensive overview of blood types for our Danish donor cohort. Study Design and Methods: Blood types were predicted from genome array data using known variant determinants. Prediction accuracy was confirmed by comparing with preexisting serological blood types. The Vel blood group was used to test the viability of using genetic prediction to narrow down the list of candidate donors with rare blood types. Results: Predicted phenotypes showed a high balanced accuracy >99.5% in most cases: A, B, C/c, Coa/Cob, Doa/Dob, E/e, Jka/Jkb, Kna/Knb, Kpa/Kpb, M/N, S/s, Sda, Se, and Yta/Ytb, while some performed slightly worse: Fya/Fyb, K/k, Lua/Lub, and Vel ~99%–98% and CW and P1 ~96%. Genetic prediction identified 70 potential Vel negatives in our cohort, 64 of whom were confirmed correct using polymerase chain reaction (negative predictive value: 91.5%). Discussion: High genetic prediction accuracy in most blood groups demonstrated the viability of generating blood types using preexisting genotype data at no cost and successfully narrowed the pool of potential individuals with the rare Vel-negative phenotype from 180,000 to 70.

Background: While blood transfusion is an essential cornerstone of hematological care, patients requiring repetitive transfusion remain at persistent risk of alloimmunization due to the diversity of human blood group polymorphisms. Despite the promise, user friendly methods to accurately identify blood types from next-generation sequencing data are currently lacking. To address this unmet need, we have developed RBCeq, a novel genetic blood typing algorithm to accurately identify 36 blood group systems. Methods: RBCeq can predict complex blood groups such as RH, and ABO that require identification of small indels and copy number variants. RBCeq also reports clinically significant, rare, and novel variants with potential clinical relevance that may lead to the identification of novel blood group alleles. Findings: The RBCeq algorithm demonstrated 99·07% concordance when validated on 402 samples which included 29 antigens with serology and 9 antigens with SNP-array validation in 14 blood group systems and 59 antigens validation on manual predicted phenotype from variant call files. We have also developed a user-friendly web server that generates detailed blood typing reports with advanced visualization (https://www.rbceq.org/). Interpretation: RBCeq will assist blood banks and immunohematology laboratories by overcoming existing methodological limitations like scalability, reproducibility, and accuracy when genotyping and phenotyping in multi-ethnic populations. This Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud based platform has the potential to reduce pre-transfusion testing time and to increase sample processing throughput, ultimately improving quality of patient care. Funding: This work was supported in part by Advance Queensland Research Fellowship, MRFF Genomics Health Futures Mission (76,757), and the Australian Red Cross LifeBlood. The Australian governments fund the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood for the provision of blood, blood products and services to the Australian

Background: Several diseases are reported to be associated with ABO/Rh blood groups. Data on the association between ABO and Rh D blood group antigens in the Nigerian population is sparse. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of HBV infection as well as its association with ABO and Rh D antigens among young Nigerian adults. Methods: Whole blood was collected from 496 students and screened for the presence of HBsAg using immuno-chromatographic technique. The ABO as well as Rh D antigen status of participants was also determined using standard techniques. . Results: The prevalence of HBV infection was 2.10%. Over half (51.5%) of subjects were of the blood group O type, while 3.6% were of the AB blood type which was the least in occurrence. Rh D negative blood group was observed among 24 (4.8%) subjects. Those with the B blood type were observed to have an insignificantly (P = 0.3105) higher prevalence of HBV infection. However, with respect to Rh D antigen alone, participants negative for the antigen were observed to have a five times higher risk of acquiring HBV infection than those positive for it (OR = 5.273, 95% CI = 1.056, 26.321, P = 0.079). Combining the ABO and Rh blood group systems, an association (OR = 20.174; P = 0.059) was found to exist between B Rh D negative status and HBV infection. Conclusion:  A combination of the presence of B antigen and absence of Rh D antigen increases the risk of acquiring HBV infection.

There are many systems which are used to classify blood group types in man, the most common types are MN, ABO and Rh blood group systems. Among the above mentioned types, ABO blood group system is most common which is used to classify blood group types. Austrian immunologist, Karl Landsteiner was the first person to give and describe the system in 1900 [1]. This system explains four types of blood groups which include A, B, AB and O [2]. These blood groups are made on the basis of presence or absence of special proteins found on erythrocytes (red blood cells) which are known as antigens. These antigens are A and B. Antigen production in the body starts before birth of a person and remains throughout life. Antigen production is under control of two genes IA and IB. People whose blood group is A have antigen A in their red blood cells. Persons which have blood group B have antigen B in their red blood cells. AB blood group has both the antigens A and B at the same time while blood group O is due to complete absence of any antigen. In emergency condition, when blood transfusion is required, the blood groups of donor and recipients are cross matched because there can be compatibility issues which can lead to deleterious consequences as red blood cells are attacked. This is due to the production of another type of protein naturally produced in a human body known as antibody. An antibody has capability to agglutinate the antigens found on red blood cells. Thus blood transfusion is a very serious process which needs to be done vigilantly. People who have blood group AB can receive blood from any other type so they are called universal donors. Similarly people with blood group O can donate blood to all types thus are called as universal donors. This blood group is also very common in entire world particularly in people of South and Central America. Blood group B is common in Asia specially North India. Blood group A is equally common in the world specially people of Austral

452 p., Los antígenos del sistema Rh son los responsables de las reacciones hemolíticas asociadas a la incompatibilidad sanguínea donante ¿ receptor, de la inmunización en los pacientes politransfundidos, de la enfermedad del feto y del recién nacido (EHRN) como consecuencia de la incompatibilidad sanguínea materno-fetal (Connie 2010; Keramati et al; 2011) y de algunas anemias hemolíticas autoinmunes (Flegel, 2011). Debido a que algunas variantes del gen RHD son difíciles de detectar serológicamente y podrían ser mal descritas como Rh D negativo (D-), es necesario realizar un estudio exhaustivo de los donantes D- para identificar las unidades de hematíes que potencialmente pueden causar aloinmunización. Algunas de estas variantes D del sistema Rh potencialmente inmunogénicas, como DEL, D parcial, y algunos tipos weak D, con frecuencia no son detectados por pruebas serológicas de rutina (Daniels, 2013a). Como consecuencia, individuos D- transfundidos con sangre de donantes negativos mal clasificados (en realidad son D+ de difícil detección) pueden sufrir riesgo de aloinmunización anti-D. Para superar esta limitación serológica, el objetivo de este proyecto ha sido el desarrollo de una herramienta de detección molecular denominada ID RHD XT, basada en PCR multiplex y detección por tecnología X-MAP de Luminex®, aplicable tanto en pacientes como en donantes, que nos permita detectar ciertas variantes del gen RHD, así como los antígenos plaquetarios HPA-1a y HPA-1b (los cuales desempeñan un papel crucial por ser causantes de la trombocitopenia fetal/neonatal aloinmune o TFNA). Durante las fases de diseño, desarrollo de este test de genotipado en el que además se han cumplido los criterios preestablecidos de calidad y en los resultados en los estudios de verificación realizados son positivos se puede afirmar que el ensayo es preciso y fiable.El desarrollo de este ensayo constituye una herramienta aplicable en la rutina de los bancos de sangre como apoyo a la serología, lo que con

Access to compatible blood for transfusion is a prerequisite for modern health care. The compatibility is limited by the presence of antibodies to blood group antigens, polymorphic protein and carbohydrate structures, on the surface of the red blood cell. Blood group antigens arise from genetic variation in the genes underlying their expression. Knowledge of these genes and their variation can facilitate the provision of compatible blood.The overall aim of the thesis, comprising four papers, was to study the genetic variation at loci underlying human blood group systems and antigens, using bioinformatic methods. In Paper I, the genetic background of the Vel– blood group phenotype was elucidated. In Paper II, the genetic variants regulating the variable expression of the Vel blood group antigen was studied. In Paper III, whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from the 1000 Genomes project were used to create a database of all alleles in known blood group-related genes and to predict the presence of novel blood group antigens. Finally, in Paper IV, human glycosyltransferase genes expressed in erythroid tissue were identified and the potential for candidate carbohydrate-based blood group systems was predicted.Using SNP array data from Vel-phenotyped blood donors, including members of two families, a 17-base-pair deletion in the previously uncharacterized but evolutionary conserved gene SMIM1 was found to cause the Vel− bloodgroup phenotype. In Vel+ blood donors from different populations, two polymorphisms in intron 1 of SMIM1, rs1175550, and, to a lesser extent, rs143702418, were found to affect the expression of the Vel blood group antigen. In WGS data from the 1000 Genomes project, a large number of previously unreported blood group gene-related alleles were found and compiled into a database, Erythrogene. Among all identified genetic variants, 357 were non-synonymous and predicted to occur on the extracellular portion of blood group-carrying proteins and may represent

A brief review is presented of our studies on the structure of glycoprotein-derived glycans. The emphasis is on the introduction of high-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy for the unambiguous determination of primary structures. For this purpose, we developed the structural reporter group concept. Structural reporters are defined as unique markers of structural elements in the NMR spectra. Application of this concept led to the discovery of numerous new structures. Furthermore, a number of structures presented in the literature could be corrected. The results are relevant for insight in the various steps in glycan metabolism in health and disease, for the function and mode of action of glycans in vivo and for the interpretation of structural information obtained through other techniques. The strength of the approach is further shown for several highly complex glycoproteins, carrying very heterogeneous and complicated glycans.

The Vel blood group antigen is present on red blood cells from all humans except rare Vel-negative individuals, who can form antibodies to Vel in response to transfusion or pregnancy. It was first described in 1952 as a high incidence antigen, while the molecular background was recently discovered to be a 17-bp deletion in Small Integral Membrane Protein 1, that causes a frame-shift mutation and abolishes SMIM1 expression, thus creating a Vel-negative phenotype. This thesis contains one of the three original discovery studies reporting the Vel antigen-defining SMIM1- deletion. We analysed SNP microarray data from Vel-positive and -negative individuals and identified SMIM1 as a potential gene. We then found the 17-bp deletion to only be present in Vel-negative individuals and sought to finally prove SMIM1 as the genetic background for the Vel antigen by examining: 1) SMIM1 mRNA sequence and expression levels, 2) presence of SMIM1 and the Vel antigen in red blood cell membranes from Vel-positive and -negative individuals and 3) anti-Vel antibody reactivity in erythroleukaemia cells expressing wild type and mutant SMIM1 protein. Our discovery allowed Vel to be officially recognised by the International Society of Blood Transfusion as blood group system 034. The SMIM1 deletion is the major determinant for Vel expression, yet even Vel-positive individuals (i.e. people carrying wild type SMIM1) show substantial variation in reactivity with anti-Vel antibody, creating a risk for Vel blood typing errors and transfusion reactions. We suspected the cause to be sequence variants in SMIM1 and found rs143702418 (insertion, C>CGCA) and rs1175550 (A>G) to independently influence expression of SMIM1, potentially mediated by the erythroid transcription factor TAL1 that binds preferentially to the high- expressing rs1175550G allele. Lastly, we examined historical Vel-negative samples and sought to retroactively reconcile historic Vel designations to our current knowledge of the SMIM1

Introduction: Malaria is a tropical disease transmitted to human by Anopheles mosquito that transports parasites of Plasmodium gender, the causative agents of the infection. Worldwide more of 219.000.000 cases and 660.000 deaths occur annually by this disease. Multiple studies have shown that certain populations are more sensitive for develop the infection, condition that have a relationship with the blood group. Objective: To describe the relationship between the Plasmodium species and the ABO blood group. Materials and methods: A systematic review of original and review articles, published between 1983 and 2015, in PubMed, Scielo and Elsevier databases was performed. The search was conducted in English and Spanish and keywords used were “Whalgren” (expert on malaria disease), “malaria”, “ABO blood type”, “Plasmodium falciparum”, “rifin” (protein expressed by Plasmodium falciparum), and “malarial disease”. Results: It were found a total of 50 articles talking about generalities of malarial disease and blood groups, the epidemiology of the disease, the red blood cell as a target cell for the parasite, the relationship between malaria and blood group, and the erythrocyte rosetting phenomenon, used for writing this review. Conclusions: People with blood type O have lower risk of malaria disease and its severe form, caused mainly by Plasmodium falciparum, compared with those with phenotype A, B and AB., Introducción: la malaria es una enfermedad tropical que es transmitida al ser humano por vectores (mosquitos) del género Anopheles, quienes transportan parásitos del género Plasmodium, encargados de producir la infección. En el mundo se presentan más de 219.000.000 de casos y más de 660.000 muertes al año a causa de esta enfermedad. Múltiples estudios han demostrado que ciertas poblaciones son más susceptibles de presentar la infección y que dicha condición se relaciona con el grupo sanguíneo. Objetivo: describir la relación entre las especies de Plasmodium y el grupo sanguíneo ABO. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos originales y revisión, publicados entre 1983 y 2015, en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y Elsevier. La búsqueda fue realizada en inglés y español y las palabras clave usadas para la búsqueda fueron “Whalgren” (estudioso de la enfermedad malárica), “malaria”, “grupo sanguíneo ABO”, “Plasmodium falciparum”, “RIFIN” (proteína expresada por Plasmodium falciparum) y “enfermedad malárica”. Resultados: se encontraron un total de 50 artículos que hablan sobre generalidades de la enfermedad malárica y los grupos sanguíneos, la epidemiología de la enfermedad, el eritrocito como célula blanco para el parásito, la relación entre la malaria y el grupo sanguíneo y el fenómeno de rosetas, usados para la redacción de esta revisión. Conclusiones: las personas que presentan el grupo sanguíneo O tienen menor riesgo de contraer la enfermedad malárica y su forma grave, causada principalmente por Plasmodium falciparum, en comparación con los que presentan fenotipo A, B y AB.

In past and ongoing military conflicts, the use of whole blood (WB) as a resuscitative product to treat trauma-induced shock and coagulopathy has been widely accepted as an alternative when availability of a balanced component-based transfusion strategy is restricted or lacking. In previous military conflicts, ABO group O blood from donors with low titers of anti-A/B blood group antibodies was favored. Now, several policies demand the exclusive use of ABO group specific WB. In this short review, we argue that the overall risks, dangers, and consequences of the ABO group specific approach, in emergencies, make the use of universal group O WB from donors with low titers of anti-A/B safer. Generally, risks with ABO group specific transfusions are associated with in vivo destruction of the red blood cells transfused. The risk with group O WB is from the plasma transfused to ABO-incompatible patients. In the civilian setting, the risk of clinical hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) due to ABO group specific red blood cell transfusions is relatively low (approximately 1:80,000), but the consequences are frequently severe. Civilian risk of HTRs due to plasma incompatible transfusions, using titered donors, is approximately 1:120,000 but usually of mild to moderate severity. Emergency settings are often chaotic and resource limited, factors well known to increase the potential for human errors. Using ABO group specific WB in emergencies may delay treatment because of needed ABO typing, increase the risk of clinical HTRs, and increase the severity of these reactions as well as increase the danger of underresuscitation due to lack of some ABO groups., Published in Shock, v41 supp1 p70-75, 2014.

In het vorige nummer is uiteengezet wat bloedgroepen zijn en dat met bloedgroepen erfelijke verschillen en overeenkomsten tussen rassen aangetoond kunnen worden. In 1993 heeft John Bruin de verschillen tussen zwartbonte en roodbonte runderen onderzocht. Dit is het laatste onderzoek geweest dat met bloedgroepen is uitgevoerd.

Onderzoekers gebruikten bloedgroepenonderzoek om genetische verschillen tussen rassen te bestuderen. Fokkers van zeldzame rassen, zoals Roodbont Fries vee, Brandrood en Lakenvelder, hebben dit aangegrepen om te zien of ze echt een bijzonder ras in handen hadden.

Dat de Groninger blaarkop een ras is met bijzondere eigenschappen blijkt ook uit het bloedgroepenonderzoek. De bloedgroepsystemen van blaarkoppen verschillen duidelijk van die van roodbonten en zwartbonten. Dat is ook niet zo verwonderlijk, omdat ze al sinds de oprichting van de stamboeken gescheiden gefokt zijn.

In het vorige nummer is uiteengezet wat bloedgroepen zijn en dat met bloedgroepen erfelijke verschillen en overeenkomsten tussen rassen aangetoond kunnen worden. In 1993 heeft John Bruin de verschillen tussen zwartbonte en roodbonte runderen onderzocht. Dit is het laatste onderzoek geweest dat met bloedgroepen is uitgevoerd.

Om vast te stellen of de afstamming van een fokdier klopte, werd tussen 1940 en 1990 wereldwijd het bloedgroepenonderzoek gebruikt. In een reeks artikelen willen we aangeven welke inzichten het bloedgroepenonderzoek gegeven heeft in de genetische samenstelling van de zeldzame Nederlandse runderrassen FH, Fries roodbont, MRIJ, Groninger blaarkop en Lakenvelder. Hier het eerste artikel.

Dat de Groninger blaarkop een ras is met bijzondere eigenschappen blijkt ook uit het bloedgroepenonderzoek. De bloedgroepsystemen van blaarkoppen verschillen duidelijk van die van roodbonten en zwartbonten. Dat is ook niet zo verwonderlijk, omdat ze al sinds de oprichting van de stamboeken gescheiden gefokt zijn.

Om vast te stellen of de afstamming van een fokdier klopte, werd tussen 1940 en 1990 wereldwijd het bloedgroepenonderzoek gebruikt. In een reeks artikelen willen we aangeven welke inzichten het bloedgroepenonderzoek gegeven heeft in de genetische samenstelling van de zeldzame Nederlandse runderrassen FH, Fries roodbont, MRIJ, Groninger blaarkop en Lakenvelder. Hier het eerste artikel.

Onderzoekers gebruikten bloedgroepenonderzoek om genetische verschillen tussen rassen te bestuderen. Fokkers van zeldzame rassen, zoals Roodbont Fries vee, Brandrood en Lakenvelder, hebben dit aangegrepen om te zien of ze echt een bijzonder ras in handen hadden.

L’objectif de notre travail est de contribuer à l’amélioration de la sécurité transfusionnelle. Pour ce faire, nous sommes partis de notre expérience personnelle en banque de sang hospitalière. Le risque infectieux lié aux transfusions, inscrit dans l’esprit de chacun depuis l’affaire du « scandale du SIDA » en France, est aujourd’hui un des risques les mieux maîtrisés. Actuellement, les risques transfusionnels les plus importants sont essentiellement de type immunologique ou liés à des erreurs humaines. Nous avons donc mis en évidence trois axes de travail correspondant chacun à un type de réaction transfusionnelle spécifique choisis parmi ces deux derniers risques. Les données d’hémovigilance internationales publiées nous ont confortés dans l’idée que ces trois sujets représentent une part importante des réactions transfusionnelles notifiées ces dix dernières années. Nous avons choisi de travailler sur la prévention des réactions transfusionnelles hémolytiques de type ABO, des réactions transfusionnelles hémolytiques chez les patients atteints d’anémie hémolytique auto-immune et des réactions d’hyperkaliémie post-transfusionnelle.Notre premier travail a consisté en la démonstration de la faisabilité d’une automatisation complète du contrôle ultime au lit du malade par vérification de la compatibilité entre le groupe ABO du patient et celui de la poche de sang à transfuser. Cet appareil utilise une nouvelle technique de détection d’hémagglutination entièrement conçue et validée au sein de notre laboratoire de recherche et brevetée par l’ULB.La seconde partie du travail consiste en l’évaluation d’un nouvel algorithme de prise en charge transfusionnelle des patients atteints d’anémie hémolytique autoimmune en incluant la réalisation d’un génotypage érythrocytaire permettant ainsi, d’une part, d’éviter les réactions hémolytiques transfusionnelles et, d’autre part, d’éviter de nouvelles alloimmunisations chez ces patients.Dans la dernière partie du travail, no, Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The aforementioned grant supported a workshop on gas channels highlighting the work related to Gas Channels in Walter Boron's Laboratory. In addition several faculty from other institutions were invited speakers at the workshop., Workshop held in Cleveland, OH on 6-7 September 2012.

It has long been known that people with blood group O are more severely affected by El Tor cholera than those with blood groups A or B. Microcalorimetry and NMR spectroscopy are used to evaluate the ability of the B‐subunits of cholera toxin and E. coli heat‐labile toxin to bind to selected blood group oligosaccharides.

Accurate typing for Blood groups is pivotal for successful transfusion. Historically serological reagents have shown to provide reliable typing for various blood groups within individual ethnic groups [1]. However, several populations have not adequately typed and gene frequencies of various blood types have not been established. Typing reagents are not universal as different ethnic groups show subtle nucleotide sequence variations accounting for the polymorphic nature of the blood types, in addition to varying in the gene distribution among populations [2 8]. To understand the serological disparities at molecular level we have undertaken side by side comparison of serological and molecular typing. This will facilitate development of various molecular methods for a rapid and accurate typing of blood groups., The original document contains color images.

This research covers four areas: 1. Contingency Preparedness: Collect information from transplant centers, build awareness of the Transplant Center Contingency Planning Committee and educate the transplant community about the critical importance of establishing a nationwide contingency response plan. 2. Rapid Identification of Matched Donors : Increase operational efficiencies that accelerate the search process and increase patient access are key to preparedness in a contingency event. 3. Immunogenetic Studies: Increase understanding of the immunologic factors important in HSC transplantation. 4. Clinical Research in Transplantation: Create a platform that facilitates multicenter collaboration and data management., The original document contains color images.

Bakalářská práce je zaměřená na informovanost dárců krve. Je tvořena částí teoretickou a částí praktickou. Teoretická část obsahuje fyziologii krve, podmínky dárcovství krve a jeho historii, dále pak postupy při dárcovských odběrech krve a stručný přehled transfuzních přípravků. V praktické části nalezneme analýzu výzkumu provedeného mezi dárci krve formou dotazníku. Výzkum je zaměřen na informovanost o dárcovství krve a komplikacích spojených s dárcovským odběrem krve., The bachelor thesis deals with a survey on public awareness of blood donors. It consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part includes the physiology of blood, blood donation terms and its history, procedures for donor blood collection and blood products at a glance. In the practical part we can find an analysis of research conducted among blood donors in the form of a questionnaire. Research focuses on awareness about blood donation and complications associated with donor blood collection ., Katedra ošetřovatelství, Hodnocení vedoucího: výborně Hodnocení oponenta: dobře Hodnocení doplňujícího oponenta: velmi dobře mínus Doplňující otázky k obhajobě: 1. Provedla jste pilotáž? 2. V otázce číslo 11 a 12 jste zjistila méně než 50% znalostí respondentů v oblasti trvalého a dočasného vyloučení z dárcovství - řešila jste to nějak? 3. Stručně charakterizujte základní erytrocytové transfuzní přípravky, které uvádíte na str. 26, vysvětlete jejich podstatu a rozdíly mezi nimi. 4. Víte, která krevní skupina je v ČR nejrozšířenější? 5. Ve Vašem vzorku respondentů se častěji vyskytovali dárci mužského pohlaví. Darují obecně muži častěji krev než ženy? Pokud ano, čím si to vysvětlujete? Obhajoba bakalářské práce s prezentací velmi dobrá., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Fluid therapy includes blood transfusion which presents the most efficient manner of treating hypovolaemia caused by blood loss, even though whole blood can be used as a therapeutic means in other cases as well - in deficits of the blood coagulation factor, exhaustion of the antiprotease system, hypoproteinaemia, primarily hypoalbuminaemia, and others. The application of fresh blood has an advantage over preserved blood, which does not lessen the importance of setting up a blood bank, in particular in cases when the blood groups of the donors are precisely determined. ., Deo terapije tečnošću je i transfuzija krvi, koja predstavlja najefikasniji način lečenja hipovolemije izazvane gubitkom krvi, premda se puna krv može koristiti kao terapijsko sredstvo i u drugim slučajevima - kod deficita faktora koagulacije krvi, iscrpljivanja antiproteaznog sistema, hipoproteinemije, hipoalbuminemije itd. Primena sveže krvi ima prednost u odnosu na konzervisanu, što ne umanjuje značaj formiranja banke krvi, naročito u slučajevima kada su krvne grupe donora precizno utvrđene. .

Serum antibodies to bovine norovirus have been found recently in about 22% of humans. Whether this prevalence reflects limited virulence properties of the virus or that inherited host factors provide protection against bovine norovirus infection in humans remains to be established. To investigate whether histo-blood group antigens correlate with the presence of bovine norovirus (GIII.2) antibody, plasma (n = 105) from Swedish blood donors, genotyped and phenotyped for secretor, Lewis and ABO, were tested and compared for the frequency of IgG antibody and antibody titer to Bo/Newbury2/76/UK. In total, 26.7% (28/105) of Swedish blood donors were antibody-positive. Two non-secretors (2/21, 9.5%) were antibody-positive compared with 26/84 (31%) secretors (P=0.047). While no statistically significant correlation was found between the frequency of antibodies to bovine norovirus and different ABO blood groups, individuals with blood type B presented the highest frequency of antibodies (37.5%) compared with 0-30% among other blood groups. Individuals with Le(a-b+) had not only higher frequency of antibodies (31.3%) compared with Le(a+b-) (11%) (P=0.068) but also higher antibody titer (P=0.085) although this was not significant statistically. No detectable cross-reaction between bovine GIII.2 and human GII.3 NoV VLP was found with human and animal sera. The results of this study suggest that bovine norovirus infections occur in Sweden and that secretor status but not ABO blood groups is a possible risk factor for infection.

1. Contingency Preparedness: Collect information from transplant centers, build awareness of the Transplant Center contingency Planning Committee and educate the transplant community about the critical importance of establishing a nationwide contingency response plan. 2. Rapid Identification of Matched Donors: Increase operational efficiencies that accelerate the search process and increase patient access are key to preparedness in a contingency event. 3. Immunogenetic Studies: Increase understanding of the immunologic factors important in HSC transplantation. 4. Clinical Research in Transplantation: Create a platform that facilitates multicenter collaboration and data management., Project 1, 2, 3, 4.

1. Contingency Prepardness: Collect information from transplant centers, build awareness of the Transplant Center Contingency Planning Committee and educate the transplant community about the critical importance of establishing a nationwide contingency response plan. 2. Rapid Identification of Matched Donors : Increase operational efficiencies that accelerate the search process and increase tient access are key to preparedness in a contingency event. 3. Immunogenetic Studies: Increase understanding of the immunologic factors important in HSC transplantation. 4. Clinical Research in Transplantation: Create a platform that facilitates multicenter collaboration and data management., The original document contains color images. Task: Project 1,2,3,4.

Over 100 years have gone by since the discovery of the A, B, and O blood groups and until today there are 308 recognized antigens, 270 of which are clustered in 30 blood group systems. They are important as they allow blood transfusions with safety by means of simple tests such as the blood group analysis for ABO and Rh, compatibili- ty testing and antibody screening in order to avoid alloimmunization of receptors. These tests, initially developed by Nobel price winner, Karl Lansteiner in 1930, paved the way for the development of today’s molecular biology assays that allow genotyping analysis of the fetus in pregnant women who have produced antibodies against blood antigens, blood typing of multiple transfused patients, detection of donors with low expression of D antigen, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and donor typing polymorphisms of clinical importance, among others. These series begin with the present module describing the genetic and immunological bases of blood groups and intends to take the reader across a fascinating journey to knowledge, to enjoy the study of blood typing, its antigens and an- tibodies, and their clinical importance. In the upcoming modules, hemolytic disease of the fetus and the newborn, hemolytic anemia diagnostic tests, transfusion reactions analysis, immunohematologic assays and their correct interpretation in order to provide appropriate elements for the proper clinical and surgical management of patients. Finally, serological studies of leukocytes and platelets will be addressed, as well as the laboratory assays and their clinical importance., Más de 100 años han transcurrido desde el descubrimiento de los grupos sanguíneos A, B y O y hasta el presente se han reconocido 308 antígenos, de los cuales 270 están agrupados en 30 sistemas sanguíneos. Su importancia radica en la seguridad con la cual se transfunde la sangre de donantes a pacientes con pruebas tan sencillas en su elaboración, como la clasificación sanguínea ABO y Rh, las pruebas cruzadas y el rastreo de anticuerpos irregulares, con el fin de evitar la aloinmunización de los receptores. A partir de estas técnicas, inicialmente desarrolladas por el premio Nóbel en Medicina, Karl Lansteiner, en 1930, podemos contar en el presente con las nuevas pruebas de biología molecular que nos permiten el conocimiento del genotipo fetal en mujeres en embarazo que han desarrollado anticuerpos contra los grupos sanguíneos, hacer análisis de grupos sanguíneos en pacientes multitransfundidos, detectar donantes con baja expresión del antígeno D, hacer diagnóstico genético preimplantación y realizar pruebas que permiten la tipificación de donantes para los polimorfismos más importantes desde el punto de vista clínico, entre otros. Esta serie de módulos se inicia en el presente número con las bases genéticas e inmunológicas de los grupos sanguíneos y pretende llevar al lector de forma clara y concisa en un viaje placentero, desde el punto de vista del conocimiento, a disfrutar del estudio de los grupos sanguíneos, sus antígenos y anticuerpos, y la importancia que éstos tienen en la práctica clínica. En módulos posteriores se revisarán la enfermedad hemolítica del feto y del recién nacido, las pruebas empleadas para el diagnóstico de las anemias hemolíticas autoimunes, el diagnóstico e interpretación de las pruebas necesarias para el estudio de las reacciones transfusionales, la realización de las pruebas inmunohematológicas en banco de sangre y su interpretación adecuada a fin de aportar elementos suficientes para el manejo clínico y quirúrgico de los pacientes. Final

Het Dr. Van Haeringen Laboratorium (VHL) en de GD zijn deze zomer een samenwerkingsverband aangegaan. Het VHL-lab in Wageningen doet vooral grootschalig DNA-onderzoek, waarmee het gezamenlijke aanbod van DNA-onderzoek voor de veehouders, dierenartsen, industrie en overheid groeit.

Bakalářská práce je zaměřena na zjištění míry informovanosti obyvatel Havlíčkobrodska o dárcovství krve. Skládá se z teoretické a praktické části. V teoretické části je rozebrána fyziologie krve, podmínky dárcovství krve, postup při odběrech dárců krve a při podávání transfuze. V praktické části jsou analyzovány získané informace z dotazníku a zhodnocení výzkumu. Výsledky jsou prezentovány ve formě tabulek a grafů., Bachelor thesis deals with a survey on a public awareness of Havlíčkův Brod district's residents about blood donation. The thesis contains one theoretical and one practical part. In this theoretical part are described physiology of blood, conditions of blood donation, procedure by taking blooddoner and by transfusion. In this practical part a reader can find the analysis of information obtained from a public survey as well as a research conclusion. The results are presented in summary sheets., Katedra ošetřovatelství, Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

1. Contingency Preparedness: Collect information from transplant centers, build awareness of the Transplant Center Contingency Planning Committee and educate the transplant community about the critical importance of establishing a nationwide contingency response plan. 2. Rapid Identification of Matched Donors : Increase operational efficiencies that accelerate the search process and increase patient access are key to preparedness in a contingency event. pa 3. Immunogenetic Studies: Increase understanding of the immunologic factors important in HSC transplantation. 4. Clinical Research in Transplantation: Create a platform that facilitates multicenter collaboration and data management., The original document contains color images.

Transfusion medicine is an important part of modern health care and the provision of reliably phenotyped red blood cells (RBC) is essential for safe and effective blood transfusions. For identification of many RBC antigens, monoclonal antibodies of either murine or human origin are available for use in agglutination assays, in which they perform as well as or better than the human polyclonal antibody preparations which they have replaced. However, the detection of some blood groups is still reliant on the use of human polyclonal antisera, which is a less reliable reagent source with respect to availability, batch to batch variation and bio-safety. The use of recombinant antibodyand phage display technology for the discovery of new monoclonal antibodies with specificity for some of these RBC antigens has the potential to deliver an economical, unlimited supply of specific antibody reagents suitable for use in RBC phenotyping.Samples of human B cells from donors producing useful phenotyping antibodies were identified and transformed using Epstein Barr virus into lymphocyte cell lines. Antibody genes were obtained from the cell lines in the form ofRNA which was reverse transcribed, amplified by PCR and cloned into a phagemid vector system to generate several combinatorial antibody libraries. These antibody libraries were displayed on the surface of phage particles and subjected to antigen-driven selection by several rounds of phage display biopanning using soluble and cell based RBC antigens. In addition a large naIve library was biopanned against the same antigens in an attempt to isolate a wide range of antibodies suitable for blood typing.Several high quality combinatorial antibody libraries with respect to size (> 107 clones) and diversity were generated. Biopanning of recombinant libraries resulted in enrichment of phage antibodies specific for RBC antigens, and several clones were isolated which were shown to be specific for Duffy a antigen. The isolated antibodi

Background. Blood group O candidates remain on the waiting list for a liver transplant for a longer time than candidates of other blood groups. Herein, we analyzed potential factors affecting waiting times in the period that preceded the introduction of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and in MELD era, remarking possible corrections introduced by the adoption of the MELD. Methods. Our analysis was entirely based on data obtained from the “Organ Procurement and Transplantation Net- work”, referring to the periods before and after the adoption of the MELD. Results. In the MELD era, taking into consideration all candidates, the cumulative probability of remaining on the waiting list significantly diminished whereas that of undergoing transplantation significantly increased when compared with the pre-MELD era. However, group O candidates maintained the lowest cumulative probability of undergoing liver transplant, in all MELD classes, and the highest percentage of list removal for death/too sick. What caused the highest disadvantage for group O, in both eras, was the use of group O organs for ABO-compatible transplants, even in the absence of urgency. In candidates receiving ABO-compatible organs a significantly lower graft survival rate was observed compared with candidates receiving ABO-identical organs, even when the analysis was adjusted for the MELD score. Conclusions. The introduction of the MELD significantly reduced the waiting time for all candidates as also the shift of group O organs. Limiting ABO-compatible organs exclusively to urgent cases would have a positive effect not only in terms of individual justice, but also terms of in general utility, considering the effect of ABO-matching on graft survival. Keywords: MELD, Waiting list disparities, Liver transplant, ABO-matching, Graft survival.

Recente ontdekkingen in het merkeronderzoek maken de geschiedenis van Cees Dekker actueel. Al sinds 1965 had hij zo zijn eigen gedachten over de betekenis van bloedgroepen, die zijn koeien speciale verdiensten zouden verstrekken. Of hij gelijk had? Hier het 1e deel van 3 artikelen

In dit 2e deel van het verhaal rond de koeien van Cees Dekker, dat zich rond 1970 afspeelt, werd een vergelijkingsproef gehouden, waarin een deel van Dekker zijn veestapel werd beoordeeld

Het 3e en laatste deel van dit verhaal uit de Nederlandse fokkerij over Cees Dekker die een aparte kijk had op de betekenis van bloedgroepen en zijn fokkerijmethode toepaste op zijn eigen veestapel

The establishment of a nationwide blood group distribution pattern provides an opportunity to identify non-frequent blood group units and their derivates when emergency transfusions involving these blood types are required. This also provides a useful tool for genetic and anthropological studies. In order to determine A, 8, AB, 0, and Rhesusfactor blood group frequency and distribution amongst blood donors for the different Colombian geographic regions or health services, data provided from blood banks al1 over the country and sent to the Blood Banks Co-ordination Office (located at the Instituto Nacional de Salud in Bogotá) was reviewed and analysed in 1996. A descriptive study was carried out using this information, identifying proportions for each A,B,O blood group and the presence or absence of Rhesus factor. During this period, 393.063 blood units were processed for blood typing in 180 blood banks. The following results were obtained from 338.063 (86%) tests for groups A, B, AB, O and Rh factor as reported to this office. From the total blood units classified, 91.16% were Rhesus factor positive. Blood group distribution for positive Rhesus factor was 56.2% for group 0; 26.0% for group A; 7.3% for group B and 1.4% for blood group AB. Negative Rhesus factor blood groups accounted for 8.83% (5.1 % belonging to group O; 2.7% to group A; 0.7% to group B and 0.3% to group AB). The highest proportion of blood units classified as Rhesus factor negative were found in the Antióquia, Caldas and San Andrés health services' blood banks. The availability of this data is useful for the integration of the blood banks' national network (Red Nacionai de Bancos de Sangre) so as to develop a database including potential donors for less common blood groups in order to provide timely exchange and delivery of blood units and their derivates according to geographical distribution., El establecer un patrón nacional de distribución de los grupos sanguíneos por seccionales de salud con base en los datos de donantes de banco de sangre, permite la localización e intercambio de sangre y componentes con fines de transfusión de una manera oportuna, mejora la disponibilidad de sangre y ofrece, además, información útil para áreas como las de genética para identificación personal y pruebas de paternidad, y en el campo antropológico para hallar diferencias raciales según su distribución. Con el fin de estimar la frecuencia y distribución de los grupos A, 8, AB y O y factor Rh por seccionales de salud en donantes de sangre, se analizó la información enviada durante 1996 por todos los bancos del país a la Coordinación Nacional de Bancos de Sangre con sede en el lnstituto Nacional de Salud. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de la información, diferenciando por grupos sanguíneos y la presencia o ausencia del factor Rhesus. Durante 1996, los 180 bancos de sangre del país recolectaron 393.063 unidades de sangre; éstos reportaron los datos de pruebas de grupos sanguíneos A, B, AB , O y factor Rhesus de 338.063 (86%) unidades; no se obtuvo información de las unidades restantes. Del total de unidades hemoclasificadas, 91,16% correspondió al factor Rhesus positivo; para este factor, la distribución por grupos sanguíneos fue de 56,2% para el grupo 0; 26,0% para el grupo A; 7,3% para el grupo B, y 1,4% para el grupo sanguíneo AB. El 8,83% de las unidades de sangre restantes correspondió al factor Rhesusne-a ativo. con una distribución por grupos sanguíneos de 5,1%'para el grupo 0; 2,7% para el grupo A; 0,7% para el grupo B, y para el grupo AB 0,31%. Los bancos de sangre de las seccionales de Antioquia, Caldas y San Andrés, reportaron la mayor proporción de unidades de sangre hemoclasificadas como factor Rhesus negativo. Esta información debe ser utilizada por todos los bancos de sangre, para ubicar e intercambiar sangre y componentes en especial aquellos de grupos sa

During this period, the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) used grant funds to support activities directed toward the following goals: (1) enhance an already effective system which rapidly identifies and tracks the availability of matched donors for patients requiring marrow transplants. (2) increase the total number and racial diversity of NMDP's volunteer donor file and provide HLA-DR typing on as many donors as possible in an effort to reduce patient search time and costs, and (3) perform HLA typing of the donor/recipient samples stored in NMDP's research sample repository, and compare the detailed molecular typing results with patient outcome data to determine the correlation between post-transplant outcome and degree of HLA match.

Antibody screening for HIV has reduced transmission of AIDS by blood transfusion. Of the 12,768 units of blood donated to the Mbarara Regional Blood Bank between January 1992 and December 1994, 577 were found to be HIV I-positive using the ELISA technique. Percentage of positivity decreased from 5.4 in 1992 to 3.9 in 1994. Replacement donors had a higher positivity rate than volunteer donors. The females had more positives than the males. Distribution of the blood groups O and AB was similar between the Ugandan and English samples. There were differences in the blood groups A and B. The AB blood group which was only 4 per cent of the total had a higher percentage of HIV I positives. This preliminary finding should be confirmed by a more organized study.

For nearly fifty years, it has been well known by epidemiologists that individuals expressing the 0 blood group phenotype have a higher risk of developing gastric and duodenal ulcers than individuals with A or B blood group phenotypes. Because the etiology of the disease was not understood, this phenomenon remained a mystery for decades. With the isolation of a Gram-negative, spiral shaped bacterium from human gastric mucosa, Helicobacter pylori, came the answers to many questions concerning peptic ulcer disease, including this one. Recently,.it has been shown that the Lewis (Leb) blood group antigen, expressed both on blood cells and gastric epithelium, acts as a specific receptor for H. pylori. Leb is the major blood group antigen in the Lewis system expressed in individuals with the 0 phenotype. In individuals of the A or B blood group phenotype, this epitope is usually modified with either a terminal GalNaca1.3 or Gala1.3, respectively. The lectin-like specificity of the host cell:bacterial cell interaction strongly implies that a Leb specific adhesin is present on the surface of the microorganism. We aim to identify and characterize this adhesin not only to gain valuable knowledge of the pathogenesis of H. pylori, but because of its role as a potential vaccine candidate. In the course of this three year study, we plan to purify the Leb specific adhesin, clone and mutagenize the gene encoding it, and assess its priority as a possible vaccine candidate. We also plan to evaluate transgenic mice for their use as an animal model for Le sub b dependent colonization of gastric epithelia.

Lewis antigens are blood group carbohydrate antigens implicated as potential target antigens in breast cancer. Studies supported by this grant are intended to develop reagents that better target these antigens which might prove to be valuable as immunotherapeutics for breast cancer treatrnent. In the past year, we concentrated on defining recognition properties of anti-Lewis Y antibodies that confer their specificity for Lewis Y. We obseeved important differences among cancer cells in their mode of interaction with endothelium based on carbohydrate-antibody interactions, which strongly suggest a non-selectin mediated pathway for some breast adenocarcinoma adherence. We expanded our recognition studies to identify peptides on phage display libraries that mimic the Y antigen. We have shown that immunization with such peptides induce anticarbohydrate immune responses in mice that react selectively with human breast adenocarcinoma cells. We found that this sera and monoclonals are also cross-reactive with carbohydrate structures on HIV, inhibiting cell flee HIV infection of target cells in vitro. The development of peptides that mimic carbohydrates represents a novel approach that may lead to a new type of therapeutic agent, as well as an agent that is generally useful.

Binnen het kader van een aantal maatregelen opgesteld door de Stichting voor Zeldzame Huisdierrassen in Nederland ter behoud van de Lakenvelderpopulatie werd ook het bloedgroepenonderzoek ter hand genomen.

Synthetic red cells based on the concept of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LEH) are under investigation as a potential blood surrogate for on-site emergency use, with the principle Naval application being combat casualty care. In principle, hemoglobin solutions isolated from outdated whole blood are added to a homogeneous mixture of dry phospholipids (lecithin) and cholesterol, and the resulting two-phase dispersion is extruded under high pressure through narrow channels in a Microfluidizer. The resulting liposomes resemble miniature red blood cells without the blood group antigens, theoretically rendering them universally acceptable for transfusions. LEH has been shown to meet the physical and chemical criteria for an artificial oxygen transport system, and initial tests in rodents have been successful. The circulation half-life of LEH in mice is 15 to 20 hours. 90% exchange transfusion experiments have begun, and the LEH transfused rats are able to maintain normal cardiovascular parameters with red blood cell levels 50% below the lethal value for control animals. Large-scale efficacy and toxicity testing is required before clinical trials can be considered. With the completion of a feasibility study of various methods for producing LEH in quantity, we are now developing a sterile pilot plant. In addition to animal studies we will be preparing sterile LEH for use in collaborative studies of its effect on the clotting cascade, reticuloendothelial system (RES) function, isolated rat kidney metabolic maintenance and immune response.