76 results on '"Birngruber"'
Search Results
2. ImmUniverse Consortium: Multi-omics integrative approach in personalized medicine for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases
- Author
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Vetrano, Stefania, Bouma, Gerben, Benschop, Robert J., Birngruber, Thomas, Costanzo, Antonio, D'Haens, G.R.A.M., Jong, E.M.G.J. de, Koenen, H.J.P.M., Danese, Silvio, Vetrano, Stefania, Bouma, Gerben, Benschop, Robert J., Birngruber, Thomas, Costanzo, Antonio, D'Haens, G.R.A.M., Jong, E.M.G.J. de, Koenen, H.J.P.M., and Danese, Silvio
- Abstract
Contains fulltext : 286070.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
- Published
- 2022
3. A guide to classify tattoo motives in Mexico as a tool to identify unknown bodies
- Author
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Holz, Franziska, Carrillo-Núñez, Gabriela Guadalupe, Martinez-Peña, Eddie Gibson, Rivera Martinez, Axel Alejandro, Peña Jiménez, Irma Guadelupe de la, Bonilla Virgen, Ramon, Verhoff, Marcel A., Birngruber, Christoph Gerhard, Holz, Franziska, Carrillo-Núñez, Gabriela Guadalupe, Martinez-Peña, Eddie Gibson, Rivera Martinez, Axel Alejandro, Peña Jiménez, Irma Guadelupe de la, Bonilla Virgen, Ramon, Verhoff, Marcel A., and Birngruber, Christoph Gerhard
- Abstract
Justification: In Mexico, the number of unidentified bodies has been steadily rising for years. By now, more than 50,000 bodies are considered unidentified. Forensic laboratories that could perform comparative molecular genetic investigation are often overburdened and examinations can take months. Therefore, pragmatic approaches that can help to identify more unknown bodies must be sought. The increased use of distinctive physical features might be one, and the high rate of tattooed people in Mexico points towards a great potential of tattoos as a tool for identification. The prerequisite for a comparison of antemortem (missing persons) and postmortem (unknown bodies) data is an objective description of the particularities, e.g., of the tattoos. The aim of this study was to establish an objective classification for tattoo motives, taking into consideration local preferences. Methods: In the database of the medicolegal services of the Instituto Jaliscience de Ciencias Forenses (IJCF) in Guadalajara, postmortem data of 1000 tattooed bodies from 2019 were evaluated. According to sex and age, the tattooed body localization and the tattoo motives were categorized. Results: The 1000 tattooed deceased showed tattoos on 2342 body localizations. The motives were grouped and linked to the following 11 keywords (with decreasing frequency): letters/numbers, human, symbol (other), plant, symbol (religious), animal, object, fantasy/demon/comic, tribal/ornament/geometry, other, unrecognizable. Conclusion: Using the proposed classification, tattoo motives can be described objectively and classified in a practical way. If used for antemortem (missing persons) and postmortem (unknown bodies) documentation, motives can be searched and compared efficiently—helping to identify unknown bodies.
- Published
- 2022
4. QUAREP-LiMi: A community-driven initiative to establish guidelines for quality assessment and reproducibility for instruments and images in light microscopy
- Author
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Nelson, G., Boehm, Ulrike, Bagley, S., Bajcsy, P., Bischof, J., Brown, Claire M., Dauphin, A., Dobbie, I.M., Eriksson, J.E., Faklaris, O., Fernandez-Rodriguez, J., Ferrand, A., Gelman, L., Gheisari, A., Hartmann, H., Kukat, C., Laude, A., Mitkovski, M., Munck, S., North, A.J., Rasse, T.M., Resch-Genger, U., Schuetz, L.C., Seitz, A., Strambio-De-Castillia, C., Swedlow, J.R., Alexopoulos, I., Aumayr, K., Avilov, S., Bakker, G.J., Bammann, R.R., Bassi, A., Beckert, H., Beer, S., Belyaev, Y., Bierwagen, J., Birngruber, K.A., Bosch, M., Breitlow, J., Cameron, L.A., Chalfoun, J., Chambers, J.J., Chen, C.L., Conde-Sousa, E., Corbett, A.D., Cordelieres, F.P., Nery, E.D., Dietzel, R., Eismann, F., Fazeli, E., Felscher, A., Fried, H., Gaudreault, N., Goh, W.I., Guilbert, T., Hadleigh, R., Hemmerich, P., Holst, G.A., Itano, M.S., Jaffe, C.B., Jambor, H.K., Jarvis, S.C., Keppler, A., Kirchenbuechler, D., Kirchner, M., Kobayashi, N., Krens, G., Kunis, S., Lacoste, J., Marcello, M., Martins, G.G., Metcalf, D.J., Mitchell, C.A., Moore, J., Mueller, T., Nelson, M.S., Ogg, S., Onami, S., Palmer, A.L., Paul-Gilloteaux, P., Pimentel, J.A., Plantard, L., Podder, S., Rexhepaj, E., Royon, A., Saari, M.A., Schapman, D., Schoonderwoert, V., Schroth-Diez, B., Schwartz, S., Shaw, M., Spitaler, M., Stoeckl, M.T., Sudar, D., Teillon, J., Terjung, S., Thuenauer, R., Wilms, C.D., Wright, G.D., Nitschke, R., Nelson, G., Boehm, Ulrike, Bagley, S., Bajcsy, P., Bischof, J., Brown, Claire M., Dauphin, A., Dobbie, I.M., Eriksson, J.E., Faklaris, O., Fernandez-Rodriguez, J., Ferrand, A., Gelman, L., Gheisari, A., Hartmann, H., Kukat, C., Laude, A., Mitkovski, M., Munck, S., North, A.J., Rasse, T.M., Resch-Genger, U., Schuetz, L.C., Seitz, A., Strambio-De-Castillia, C., Swedlow, J.R., Alexopoulos, I., Aumayr, K., Avilov, S., Bakker, G.J., Bammann, R.R., Bassi, A., Beckert, H., Beer, S., Belyaev, Y., Bierwagen, J., Birngruber, K.A., Bosch, M., Breitlow, J., Cameron, L.A., Chalfoun, J., Chambers, J.J., Chen, C.L., Conde-Sousa, E., Corbett, A.D., Cordelieres, F.P., Nery, E.D., Dietzel, R., Eismann, F., Fazeli, E., Felscher, A., Fried, H., Gaudreault, N., Goh, W.I., Guilbert, T., Hadleigh, R., Hemmerich, P., Holst, G.A., Itano, M.S., Jaffe, C.B., Jambor, H.K., Jarvis, S.C., Keppler, A., Kirchenbuechler, D., Kirchner, M., Kobayashi, N., Krens, G., Kunis, S., Lacoste, J., Marcello, M., Martins, G.G., Metcalf, D.J., Mitchell, C.A., Moore, J., Mueller, T., Nelson, M.S., Ogg, S., Onami, S., Palmer, A.L., Paul-Gilloteaux, P., Pimentel, J.A., Plantard, L., Podder, S., Rexhepaj, E., Royon, A., Saari, M.A., Schapman, D., Schoonderwoert, V., Schroth-Diez, B., Schwartz, S., Shaw, M., Spitaler, M., Stoeckl, M.T., Sudar, D., Teillon, J., Terjung, S., Thuenauer, R., Wilms, C.D., Wright, G.D., and Nitschke, R.
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext, A modern day light microscope has evolved from a tool devoted to making primarily empirical observations to what is now a sophisticated , quantitative device that is an integral part of both physical and life science research. Nowadays, microscopes are found in nearly every experimental laboratory. However, despite their prevalent use in capturing and quantifying scientific phenomena, neither a thorough understanding of the principles underlying quantitative imaging techniques nor appropriate knowledge of how to calibrate, operate and maintain microscopes can be taken for granted. This is clearly demonstrated by the well-documented and widespread difficulties that are routinely encountered in evaluating acquired data and reproducing scientific experiments. Indeed, studies have shown that more than 70% of researchers have tried and failed to repeat another scientist's experiments, while more than half have even failed to reproduce their own experiments. One factor behind the reproducibility crisis of experiments published in scientific journals is the frequent underreporting of imaging methods caused by a lack of awareness and/or a lack of knowledge of the applied technique. Whereas quality control procedures for some methods used in biomedical research, such as genomics (e.g. DNA sequencing, RNA-seq) or cytometry, have been introduced (e.g. ENCODE), this issue has not been tackled for optical microscopy instrumentation and images. Although many calibration standards and protocols have been published, there is a lack of awareness and agreement on common standards and guidelines for quality assessment and reproducibility. In April 2020, the QUality Assessment and REProducibility for instruments and images in Light Microscopy (QUAREP-LiMi) initiative was formed. This initiative comprises imaging scientists from academia and industry who share a common interest in achieving a better understanding of the performance and limitations of microscopes and improved quality con
- Published
- 2021
5. QUAREP-LiMi: A community-driven initiative to establish guidelines for quality assessment and reproducibility for instruments and images in light microscopy
- Author
-
Nelson, G., Boehm, Ulrike, Bagley, S., Bajcsy, P., Bischof, J., Brown, Claire M., Dauphin, A., Dobbie, I.M., Eriksson, J.E., Faklaris, O., Fernandez-Rodriguez, J., Ferrand, A., Gelman, L., Gheisari, A., Hartmann, H., Kukat, C., Laude, A., Mitkovski, M., Munck, S., North, A.J., Rasse, T.M., Resch-Genger, U., Schuetz, L.C., Seitz, A., Strambio-De-Castillia, C., Swedlow, J.R., Alexopoulos, I., Aumayr, K., Avilov, S., Bakker, G.J., Bammann, R.R., Bassi, A., Beckert, H., Beer, S., Belyaev, Y., Bierwagen, J., Birngruber, K.A., Bosch, M., Breitlow, J., Cameron, L.A., Chalfoun, J., Chambers, J.J., Chen, C.L., Conde-Sousa, E., Corbett, A.D., Cordelieres, F.P., Nery, E.D., Dietzel, R., Eismann, F., Fazeli, E., Felscher, A., Fried, H., Gaudreault, N., Goh, W.I., Guilbert, T., Hadleigh, R., Hemmerich, P., Holst, G.A., Itano, M.S., Jaffe, C.B., Jambor, H.K., Jarvis, S.C., Keppler, A., Kirchenbuechler, D., Kirchner, M., Kobayashi, N., Krens, G., Kunis, S., Lacoste, J., Marcello, M., Martins, G.G., Metcalf, D.J., Mitchell, C.A., Moore, J., Mueller, T., Nelson, M.S., Ogg, S., Onami, S., Palmer, A.L., Paul-Gilloteaux, P., Pimentel, J.A., Plantard, L., Podder, S., Rexhepaj, E., Royon, A., Saari, M.A., Schapman, D., Schoonderwoert, V., Schroth-Diez, B., Schwartz, S., Shaw, M., Spitaler, M., Stoeckl, M.T., Sudar, D., Teillon, J., Terjung, S., Thuenauer, R., Wilms, C.D., Wright, G.D., Nitschke, R., Nelson, G., Boehm, Ulrike, Bagley, S., Bajcsy, P., Bischof, J., Brown, Claire M., Dauphin, A., Dobbie, I.M., Eriksson, J.E., Faklaris, O., Fernandez-Rodriguez, J., Ferrand, A., Gelman, L., Gheisari, A., Hartmann, H., Kukat, C., Laude, A., Mitkovski, M., Munck, S., North, A.J., Rasse, T.M., Resch-Genger, U., Schuetz, L.C., Seitz, A., Strambio-De-Castillia, C., Swedlow, J.R., Alexopoulos, I., Aumayr, K., Avilov, S., Bakker, G.J., Bammann, R.R., Bassi, A., Beckert, H., Beer, S., Belyaev, Y., Bierwagen, J., Birngruber, K.A., Bosch, M., Breitlow, J., Cameron, L.A., Chalfoun, J., Chambers, J.J., Chen, C.L., Conde-Sousa, E., Corbett, A.D., Cordelieres, F.P., Nery, E.D., Dietzel, R., Eismann, F., Fazeli, E., Felscher, A., Fried, H., Gaudreault, N., Goh, W.I., Guilbert, T., Hadleigh, R., Hemmerich, P., Holst, G.A., Itano, M.S., Jaffe, C.B., Jambor, H.K., Jarvis, S.C., Keppler, A., Kirchenbuechler, D., Kirchner, M., Kobayashi, N., Krens, G., Kunis, S., Lacoste, J., Marcello, M., Martins, G.G., Metcalf, D.J., Mitchell, C.A., Moore, J., Mueller, T., Nelson, M.S., Ogg, S., Onami, S., Palmer, A.L., Paul-Gilloteaux, P., Pimentel, J.A., Plantard, L., Podder, S., Rexhepaj, E., Royon, A., Saari, M.A., Schapman, D., Schoonderwoert, V., Schroth-Diez, B., Schwartz, S., Shaw, M., Spitaler, M., Stoeckl, M.T., Sudar, D., Teillon, J., Terjung, S., Thuenauer, R., Wilms, C.D., Wright, G.D., and Nitschke, R.
- Abstract
Contains fulltext : 237693.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), A modern day light microscope has evolved from a tool devoted to making primarily empirical observations to what is now a sophisticated , quantitative device that is an integral part of both physical and life science research. Nowadays, microscopes are found in nearly every experimental laboratory. However, despite their prevalent use in capturing and quantifying scientific phenomena, neither a thorough understanding of the principles underlying quantitative imaging techniques nor appropriate knowledge of how to calibrate, operate and maintain microscopes can be taken for granted. This is clearly demonstrated by the well-documented and widespread difficulties that are routinely encountered in evaluating acquired data and reproducing scientific experiments. Indeed, studies have shown that more than 70% of researchers have tried and failed to repeat another scientist's experiments, while more than half have even failed to reproduce their own experiments. One factor behind the reproducibility crisis of experiments published in scientific journals is the frequent underreporting of imaging methods caused by a lack of awareness and/or a lack of knowledge of the applied technique. Whereas quality control procedures for some methods used in biomedical research, such as genomics (e.g. DNA sequencing, RNA-seq) or cytometry, have been introduced (e.g. ENCODE), this issue has not been tackled for optical microscopy instrumentation and images. Although many calibration standards and protocols have been published, there is a lack of awareness and agreement on common standards and guidelines for quality assessment and reproducibility. In April 2020, the QUality Assessment and REProducibility for instruments and images in Light Microscopy (QUAREP-LiMi) initiative was formed. This initiative comprises imaging scientists from academia and industry who share a common interest in achieving a better understanding of the performance and limitations of microscopes and improved quality con
- Published
- 2021
6. QUAREP-LiMi: A community-driven initiative to establish guidelines for quality assessment and reproducibility for instruments and images in light microscopy
- Author
-
Nelson, G., Boehm, Ulrike, Bagley, S., Bajcsy, P., Bischof, J., Brown, Claire M., Dauphin, A., Dobbie, I.M., Eriksson, J.E., Faklaris, O., Fernandez-Rodriguez, J., Ferrand, A., Gelman, L., Gheisari, A., Hartmann, H., Kukat, C., Laude, A., Mitkovski, M., Munck, S., North, A.J., Rasse, T.M., Resch-Genger, U., Schuetz, L.C., Seitz, A., Strambio-De-Castillia, C., Swedlow, J.R., Alexopoulos, I., Aumayr, K., Avilov, S., Bakker, G.J., Bammann, R.R., Bassi, A., Beckert, H., Beer, S., Belyaev, Y., Bierwagen, J., Birngruber, K.A., Bosch, M., Breitlow, J., Cameron, L.A., Chalfoun, J., Chambers, J.J., Chen, C.L., Conde-Sousa, E., Corbett, A.D., Cordelieres, F.P., Nery, E.D., Dietzel, R., Eismann, F., Fazeli, E., Felscher, A., Fried, H., Gaudreault, N., Goh, W.I., Guilbert, T., Hadleigh, R., Hemmerich, P., Holst, G.A., Itano, M.S., Jaffe, C.B., Jambor, H.K., Jarvis, S.C., Keppler, A., Kirchenbuechler, D., Kirchner, M., Kobayashi, N., Krens, G., Kunis, S., Lacoste, J., Marcello, M., Martins, G.G., Metcalf, D.J., Mitchell, C.A., Moore, J., Mueller, T., Nelson, M.S., Ogg, S., Onami, S., Palmer, A.L., Paul-Gilloteaux, P., Pimentel, J.A., Plantard, L., Podder, S., Rexhepaj, E., Royon, A., Saari, M.A., Schapman, D., Schoonderwoert, V., Schroth-Diez, B., Schwartz, S., Shaw, M., Spitaler, M., Stoeckl, M.T., Sudar, D., Teillon, J., Terjung, S., Thuenauer, R., Wilms, C.D., Wright, G.D., Nitschke, R., Nelson, G., Boehm, Ulrike, Bagley, S., Bajcsy, P., Bischof, J., Brown, Claire M., Dauphin, A., Dobbie, I.M., Eriksson, J.E., Faklaris, O., Fernandez-Rodriguez, J., Ferrand, A., Gelman, L., Gheisari, A., Hartmann, H., Kukat, C., Laude, A., Mitkovski, M., Munck, S., North, A.J., Rasse, T.M., Resch-Genger, U., Schuetz, L.C., Seitz, A., Strambio-De-Castillia, C., Swedlow, J.R., Alexopoulos, I., Aumayr, K., Avilov, S., Bakker, G.J., Bammann, R.R., Bassi, A., Beckert, H., Beer, S., Belyaev, Y., Bierwagen, J., Birngruber, K.A., Bosch, M., Breitlow, J., Cameron, L.A., Chalfoun, J., Chambers, J.J., Chen, C.L., Conde-Sousa, E., Corbett, A.D., Cordelieres, F.P., Nery, E.D., Dietzel, R., Eismann, F., Fazeli, E., Felscher, A., Fried, H., Gaudreault, N., Goh, W.I., Guilbert, T., Hadleigh, R., Hemmerich, P., Holst, G.A., Itano, M.S., Jaffe, C.B., Jambor, H.K., Jarvis, S.C., Keppler, A., Kirchenbuechler, D., Kirchner, M., Kobayashi, N., Krens, G., Kunis, S., Lacoste, J., Marcello, M., Martins, G.G., Metcalf, D.J., Mitchell, C.A., Moore, J., Mueller, T., Nelson, M.S., Ogg, S., Onami, S., Palmer, A.L., Paul-Gilloteaux, P., Pimentel, J.A., Plantard, L., Podder, S., Rexhepaj, E., Royon, A., Saari, M.A., Schapman, D., Schoonderwoert, V., Schroth-Diez, B., Schwartz, S., Shaw, M., Spitaler, M., Stoeckl, M.T., Sudar, D., Teillon, J., Terjung, S., Thuenauer, R., Wilms, C.D., Wright, G.D., and Nitschke, R.
- Abstract
Contains fulltext : 237693.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), A modern day light microscope has evolved from a tool devoted to making primarily empirical observations to what is now a sophisticated , quantitative device that is an integral part of both physical and life science research. Nowadays, microscopes are found in nearly every experimental laboratory. However, despite their prevalent use in capturing and quantifying scientific phenomena, neither a thorough understanding of the principles underlying quantitative imaging techniques nor appropriate knowledge of how to calibrate, operate and maintain microscopes can be taken for granted. This is clearly demonstrated by the well-documented and widespread difficulties that are routinely encountered in evaluating acquired data and reproducing scientific experiments. Indeed, studies have shown that more than 70% of researchers have tried and failed to repeat another scientist's experiments, while more than half have even failed to reproduce their own experiments. One factor behind the reproducibility crisis of experiments published in scientific journals is the frequent underreporting of imaging methods caused by a lack of awareness and/or a lack of knowledge of the applied technique. Whereas quality control procedures for some methods used in biomedical research, such as genomics (e.g. DNA sequencing, RNA-seq) or cytometry, have been introduced (e.g. ENCODE), this issue has not been tackled for optical microscopy instrumentation and images. Although many calibration standards and protocols have been published, there is a lack of awareness and agreement on common standards and guidelines for quality assessment and reproducibility. In April 2020, the QUality Assessment and REProducibility for instruments and images in Light Microscopy (QUAREP-LiMi) initiative was formed. This initiative comprises imaging scientists from academia and industry who share a common interest in achieving a better understanding of the performance and limitations of microscopes and improved quality con
- Published
- 2021
7. Characterizing Cutaneous Drug Delivery Using Open-Flow Microperfusion and Mass Spectrometry Imaging
- Author
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Handler, Anne Mette, Eirefelt, Stefan, Lambert, Maja, Johansson, Fredrik, Hollesen Schefe, Line, Knudsen, Nina Østergaard, Bodenlenz, Manfred, Birngruber, Thomas, Sinner, Frank, Eriksson, André Huss, Pedersen, Gitte Pommergaard, Janfelt, Christian, Troensegaard Nielsen, Kim, Handler, Anne Mette, Eirefelt, Stefan, Lambert, Maja, Johansson, Fredrik, Hollesen Schefe, Line, Knudsen, Nina Østergaard, Bodenlenz, Manfred, Birngruber, Thomas, Sinner, Frank, Eriksson, André Huss, Pedersen, Gitte Pommergaard, Janfelt, Christian, and Troensegaard Nielsen, Kim
- Abstract
Traditionally, cutaneous drug delivery is studied by skin accumulation or skin permeation, while alternative techniques may enable the interactions between the drug and the skin to be studied in more detail. Time-resolved skin profiling for pharmacokinetic monitoring of two Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors, tofacitinib and LEO 37319A, was performed using dermal open-flow microperfusion (dOFM) for sampling of perfusate in an ex vivo and in vivo setup in pig skin. Additionally, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was performed to investigate depth-resolved skin distributions at defined time points ex vivo in human skin. By dOFM, higher skin concentrations were observed for tofacitinib compared to LEO 37319A, which was supported by the lower molecular weight, higher solubility, lipophilicity, and degree of protein binding. Using MALDI-MSI, the two compounds were observed to show different skin distributions, which was interpreted to be caused by the difference in the ability of the two molecules to interact with the skin compartments. In conclusion, the techniques assessed time- and depth-resolved skin concentrations and were able to show differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of two JAK inhibitors. Thus, evidence shows that the two techniques can be used as complementary methods to support decision making in drug development.
- Published
- 2021
8. Das Projekt rechtsmedizinische Leichenschau in Frankfurt am Main - Erste Leichenschau vs. Sektionsergebnisse
- Author
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Plenzig, Stefanie, Holz, Franziska, Kettner, Mattias, Verhoff, Marcel A., Birngruber, Christoph Gerhard, Plenzig, Stefanie, Holz, Franziska, Kettner, Mattias, Verhoff, Marcel A., and Birngruber, Christoph Gerhard
- Abstract
Hintergrund: In Frankfurt am Main (~750.000 Einwohner) wird die erste Leichenschau im Auftrag der Polizei tagsüber durch einen dafür eingerichteten rechtsmedizinischen Dienst vorgenommen. Nachts und am Wochenende führen diese Tätigkeit Ärzte des ärztlichen Bereitschaftsdienstes (ÄBD) der kassenärztlichen Vereinigung durch. Material und Methoden: Für das Jahr 2019 wurden die im Rahmen dieser ersten Leichenschauen ausgestellten Leichenschauscheine hinsichtlich der attestierten Todesart ausgewertet und die Ergebnisse mit denen einer ggf. im Nachgang durchgeführten Sektion, inklusive Zusatzuntersuchungen, verglichen. Von den Ärzten des ÄBD konnten 461 Leichenschauen in die Auswertung eingeschlossen werden, davon erfolgte in 76 Fällen eine Obduktion. Im Nachgang der 364 rechtsmedizinischen Leichenschauen wurden 78 Obduktionen durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Veränderungen in der Todesart nach Sektion ergaben sich für die Leichenschauen des ÄBD in 57, bei den rechtsmedizinischen Leichenschauen in 49 Fällen, wobei insbesondere eine bei Leichenschau attestierte ungeklärte Todesart in einen natürlichen Tod spezifiziert werden konnte. Nach der Obduktion fanden sich bei den rechtsmedizinischen Leichenschauen 8 Fälle, bei denen des ÄBD 19 Fälle eines nichtnatürlichen (statt weiterhin ungeklärten) Todes. Bei den rechtsmedizinisch beschauten Fällen änderte sich zudem nach der Sektion in einem Fall die Todesart von natürlich zu nichtnatürlich, bei denen des ÄBD kam es in einem Fall zu einer Änderung von nichtnatürlich zu natürlich. Diskussion: Die Veränderung bzw. Spezifizierung der Todesart nach der Sektion beider Kollektive verdeutlicht, wie wichtig eine Steigerung der Sektionsrate wäre, und dass auch bei professioneller Durchführung der Leichenschau das Erkennen der Todesart Probleme bereitet., Background: In Frankfurt am Main (~750,000 inhabitants) first postmortem external examinations are carried out by two institutions at the request of the police. During daytime the medical team of the Institute of Forensic Medicine performs first postmortem external examinations, whereas during nights and weekends, the examinations are carried out by physicians of the medical emergency service (ÄBD). Material and methods: For the year 2019 both examiner groups were evaluated with respect to the certification of the manner of death during the first postmortem external examination. Evaluation results were then compared with those of a subsequent autopsy. For the ÄBD group 461 examinations resulting in 76 autopsies were included in this study, whereas for the forensic medicine group 364 examinations were included, which resulted in 78 autopsies. Results: In 57 cases of the ÄBD the manner of death had to be changed based on the autopsy findings (49 cases in the forensic medicine group). This fraction of cases mainly consisted of a change from an undetermined to a natural manner of death. In 19 cases of the ÄBD and 8 cases of the forensic medicine group the manner of death was changed from undetermined to unnatural death. In one case of the forensic medicine group the manner of death had to be changed from natural to unnatural, 1 case from the ÄBD changed from unnatural to natural. Discussion: The necessity for changing manners of death after performing a medicolegal autopsy in a relatively high percentage of examinations in both subgroups stresses the need for an increase of the autopsy rate. Furthermore, the data showed that even with a professionalized approach using forensic experts for first postmortem external examinations, special case constellations pose great challenges on the medical examiner.
- Published
- 2021
9. 'Skelettfund' im Keller
- Author
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Verhoff, Marcel A., Klinger, Miriam, Kettner, Mattias, Birngruber, Christoph Gerhard, Verhoff, Marcel A., Klinger, Miriam, Kettner, Mattias, and Birngruber, Christoph Gerhard
- Abstract
Bei der Identifizierung einer unbekannten, stark verwesten Leiche oder eines Skelettes ohne Hinweise auf die Identität durch die Auffindesituation spielt die Erstellung des sog. biologischen Profils eine entscheidende Rolle. Vorgestellt wird ein Leichenfund in einem mehr oder weniger frei zugänglichen Kellerabteil eines Mehrfamilienhauses. Der Leichnam war weitgehend skelettiert, das Skelett jedoch durch mumifizierte Weichteilreste noch nahezu vollständig zusammengehalten. Bei den Hinweisen auf die Identität ergaben sich insbesondere in der Altersschätzung scheinbare Widersprüche, die jedoch zufällig eine relativ genau zutreffende Schätzung lieferten. Die Überreste konnten mittels forensischer DNA-Analyse einer seit 4 Jahren vermissten 49-Jährigen zugeordnet werden. Als Todesursache wurde ein Kältetod diskutiert. Der Fall wies eine außergewöhnliche Auffindesituation auf, die an Bilder von „Skelettfunden“ in Kriminalverfilmungen erinnerte. Derartige Befunde dürften jedoch in der Realität wohl nur sehr selten vorkommen. Darüber hinaus werden die Wichtigkeit und die Probleme der forensisch-osteologischen Untersuchungen bei der Identifizierung eines stark verwesten, unbekannten Leichnams demonstriert., Establishing a biological profile can play a decisive role in the identification process of unknown persons, who are found in an advanced state of decomposition or already skeletonized on discovery. In the present case, a corpse was found in an easily accessible wooden basement storage room. The corpse was in an advanced state of decomposition with mummified soft tissue remnants connecting the bones. Age at death estimation using various scoring systems yielded seemingly contradictory results, which, on aggregate coincidentally generated a correct estimation. The remains were then later identified by DNA analysis as belonging to a 49-year-old woman, who had been missing for 4 years. Based on scene findings hypothermia was discussed as the cause of death. In this case, on medicolegal inspection the discovery scene was somewhat reminiscent of skeletal depictions in crime movies, which usually do not represent realistic casework scenarios. The relevance of osteological examinations to establish a biological profile and the problems associated with the identification of an unknown corpse in an advanced state of decomposition are demonstrated and discussed.
- Published
- 2021
10. Characterizing Cutaneous Drug Delivery Using Open-Flow Microperfusion and Mass Spectrometry Imaging
- Author
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Handler, Anne Mette, Eirefelt, Stefan, Lambert, Maja, Johansson, Fredrik, Hollesen Schefe, Line, Knudsen, Nina Østergaard, Bodenlenz, Manfred, Birngruber, Thomas, Sinner, Frank, Eriksson, André Huss, Pedersen, Gitte Pommergaard, Janfelt, Christian, Troensegaard Nielsen, Kim, Handler, Anne Mette, Eirefelt, Stefan, Lambert, Maja, Johansson, Fredrik, Hollesen Schefe, Line, Knudsen, Nina Østergaard, Bodenlenz, Manfred, Birngruber, Thomas, Sinner, Frank, Eriksson, André Huss, Pedersen, Gitte Pommergaard, Janfelt, Christian, and Troensegaard Nielsen, Kim
- Abstract
Traditionally, cutaneous drug delivery is studied by skin accumulation or skin permeation, while alternative techniques may enable the interactions between the drug and the skin to be studied in more detail. Time-resolved skin profiling for pharmacokinetic monitoring of two Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors, tofacitinib and LEO 37319A, was performed using dermal open-flow microperfusion (dOFM) for sampling of perfusate in an ex vivo and in vivo setup in pig skin. Additionally, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was performed to investigate depth-resolved skin distributions at defined time points ex vivo in human skin. By dOFM, higher skin concentrations were observed for tofacitinib compared to LEO 37319A, which was supported by the lower molecular weight, higher solubility, lipophilicity, and degree of protein binding. Using MALDI-MSI, the two compounds were observed to show different skin distributions, which was interpreted to be caused by the difference in the ability of the two molecules to interact with the skin compartments. In conclusion, the techniques assessed time- and depth-resolved skin concentrations and were able to show differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles of two JAK inhibitors. Thus, evidence shows that the two techniques can be used as complementary methods to support decision making in drug development.
- Published
- 2021
11. Full-field OCT for imaging AMD progression
- Author
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Hüttmann, G, Koch, P, Sudkamp, H, Moltmann, M, Theisen-Kunde, D, Pfäffle, C, Hillmann, D, von der Burchard, C, Tode, J, Ehlken, C, Kepp, T, Handels, H, Birngruber, R, Roider, J, Hüttmann, G, Koch, P, Sudkamp, H, Moltmann, M, Theisen-Kunde, D, Pfäffle, C, Hillmann, D, von der Burchard, C, Tode, J, Ehlken, C, Kepp, T, Handels, H, Birngruber, R, and Roider, J
- Published
- 2020
12. Bakterielle Nanocellulose als Matrix für antiseptische Wundauflagen
- Author
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Holzer, JCJ, Mattos, IBd, Tuca, AC, Funk, M, Mautner, S, Birngruber, T, Kamolz, LP, Holzer, JCJ, Mattos, IBd, Tuca, AC, Funk, M, Mautner, S, Birngruber, T, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2020
13. Bakterielle Nanocellulose als kühlende Wundauflage
- Author
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Holzer, JCJ, Tiffner, K, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Funk, M, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, Kamolz, LP, Holzer, JCJ, Tiffner, K, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Funk, M, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2020
14. Verbrennungsmodelle in der präklinischen Forschung
- Author
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Kotzbeck, P, Holzer, JCJ, Hofmann, E, Nischwitz, SP, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Birngruber, T, Mautner, SI, Kamolz, LP, Kotzbeck, P, Holzer, JCJ, Hofmann, E, Nischwitz, SP, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Birngruber, T, Mautner, SI, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2020
15. Der Einfluss von Entzündung auf Wundheilung
- Author
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Holzer, JCJ, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Holecek, C, Kotzbeck, P, Hofmann, E, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, Kamolz, LP, Holzer, JCJ, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Holecek, C, Kotzbeck, P, Hofmann, E, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2020
16. Bakterielle Nanocellulose als Matrix für antiseptische Wundauflagen
- Author
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Holzer, JCJ, Mattos, IBd, Tuca, AC, Funk, M, Mautner, S, Birngruber, T, Kamolz, LP, Holzer, JCJ, Mattos, IBd, Tuca, AC, Funk, M, Mautner, S, Birngruber, T, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2020
17. Bakterielle Nanocellulose als kühlende Wundauflage
- Author
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Holzer, JCJ, Tiffner, K, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Funk, M, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, Kamolz, LP, Holzer, JCJ, Tiffner, K, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Funk, M, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2020
18. The use of tattoos to identify unknown bodies - experiences from Jalisco, Mexico
- Author
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Birngruber, Christoph Gerhard, Martinez Peña, E. G., Corrales Blanco, L., Holz, Franziska, Birngruber, Christoph Gerhard, Martinez Peña, E. G., Corrales Blanco, L., and Holz, Franziska
- Abstract
The identification of unknown bodies is the fulfilment of a moral obligation towards the deceased, serves to maintain legal security within a society, and gives families the certainty they need to mourn. Taking into account respective local conditions, the aim should always be to achieve a secure and quick identification. To achieve this goal, a functioning cooperation between investigating authorities and forensic sciences is essential. The main objective of this study was to clarify the potential role of tattoos in the identification process of unknown deceased persons in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Post-mortem data of 2045 bodies from the Instituto Jaliscience de Ciencias Forenses in Guadalajara were evaluated. Of the deceased 46% were tattooed (male: 47%, female: 39%), with 29% of all bodies (male: 29%, female: 26%) showing tattoos at body locations usually visible in everyday life (i.e. head and neck, forearms and hands). The male bodies were most frequently tattooed on the shoulders and upper arms, followed by the forearms and hands and the torso. Female bodies mostly showed tattoos on the forearms and hands, followed by the torso and legs. Taking local tattooing habits into account, the authors developed a classification for tattoo motives. With decreasing frequency, the following keywords could be assigned to the motives: letters and/or numbers, human, symbol (other), plant, symbol (religious), animal, object, tribal/ornament/geometry, fantasy/demon/comic, other. Results of the study indicate the great importance of tattoos as a possible mean of identification in Jalisco, Mexico – either as a stand-alone identification method, as a complementary tool or for planning and prioritizing subsequent investigations., Die Identifizierung unbekannter Verstorbener stellt die Erfüllung einer moralischen Verpflichtung gegenüber dem Verstorbenen dar, dient der Wahrung der Rechtssicherheit innerhalb einer Gesellschaft und gibt Familien Gewissheit, um Abschied nehmen zu können. Hauptziel der vorgestellten Studie war es, die mögliche Rolle von Tätowierungen im Identifizierungsprozess unbekannter Verstorbener unter den aktuell herrschenden Bedingungen im mexikanischen Bundesstaat Jalisco zu klären. Hierfür wurden postmortale Daten von 2045 Verstorbenen aus dem Instituto Jaliscience de Ciencias Forenses in Guadalajara ausgewertet. Von den Verstorbenen waren 46 % tätowiert (männlich: 47 %, weiblich: 39 %), wobei 29 % aller Verstorbenen (männlich: 29 %, weiblich: 26 %) Tätowierungen an im Alltag üblicherweise sichtbaren Körperlokalisationen (Kopf, Hals, Unterarme, Hände) aufwiesen. Männliche Verstorbene waren am häufigsten an den Schultern und Oberarmen, Unterarmen und Händen und am Rumpf tätowiert. Die weiblichen Verstorbenen wiesen zumeist Tätowierungen an den Unterarmen und Händen, am Rumpf und den Beinen auf. Unter Berücksichtigung der lokalen Tätowiergewohnheiten entwickelten die Autoren eine Klassifizierung für Tätowiermotive. Mit abnehmender Häufigkeit konnten den Motiven folgende Schlüsselwörter zugeordnet werden: Buchstaben und/oder Zahlen, human, Symbol (andere), Pflanze, Symbol (religiös), Tier, Objekt, Tribal/Ornament/Geometrie, Fantasie/Dämon/Comic, andere. Die Ergebnisse der Studie deuten auf eine große Bedeutung von Tätowierungen als mögliches Mittel zur Identifizierung im Bundesstaat Jalisco, Mexiko, hin – als eigenständige Identifizierungsmethode, als ergänzendes Werkzeug oder zur Planung und Priorisierung nachfolgender Untersuchungen.
- Published
- 2020
19. Der Einfluss von Entzündung auf Wundheilung
- Author
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Holzer, JCJ, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Holecek, C, Kotzbeck, P, Hofmann, E, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, Kamolz, LP, Holzer, JCJ, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Holecek, C, Kotzbeck, P, Hofmann, E, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2020
20. Verbrennungsmodelle in der präklinischen Forschung
- Author
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Kotzbeck, P, Holzer, JCJ, Hofmann, E, Nischwitz, SP, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Birngruber, T, Mautner, SI, Kamolz, LP, Kotzbeck, P, Holzer, JCJ, Hofmann, E, Nischwitz, SP, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Birngruber, T, Mautner, SI, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2020
21. Full-field OCT for imaging AMD progression
- Author
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Hüttmann, G, Koch, P, Sudkamp, H, Moltmann, M, Theisen-Kunde, D, Pfäffle, C, Hillmann, D, von der Burchard, C, Tode, J, Ehlken, C, Kepp, T, Handels, H, Birngruber, R, Roider, J, Hüttmann, G, Koch, P, Sudkamp, H, Moltmann, M, Theisen-Kunde, D, Pfäffle, C, Hillmann, D, von der Burchard, C, Tode, J, Ehlken, C, Kepp, T, Handels, H, Birngruber, R, and Roider, J
- Published
- 2020
22. Mongolian spots as a finding in forensic examinations of possible child abuse - implications for case work
- Author
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Kettner, Mattias, Birngruber, Christoph Gerhard, Niess, Constanze, Baz Bartels, Marco, Bunzel, Lena Maria, Verhoff, Marcel A., Lux, Constantin Peter, Ramsthaler, Frank, Kettner, Mattias, Birngruber, Christoph Gerhard, Niess, Constanze, Baz Bartels, Marco, Bunzel, Lena Maria, Verhoff, Marcel A., Lux, Constantin Peter, and Ramsthaler, Frank
- Abstract
Mongolian spots (MS) are congenital dermal conditions resulting from neural crest-derived melanocytes migration to the skin during embryogenesis. MS incidences are highly variable in different populations. Morphologically, MS present as hyperpigmented maculae of varying size and form, ranging from round spots of 1 cm in diameter to extensive discolorations covering predominantly the lower back and buttocks. Due to their coloring, which is also dependent on the skin type, MS may mimic hematoma thus posing a challenge on the physician conducting examinations of children in cases of suspected child abuse. In the present study, MS incidences and distribution, as well as skin types, were documented in a collective of 253 children examined on the basis of suspected child abuse. From these data, a classification scheme was derived to document MS and to help identify cases with a need for recurrent examination for unambiguous interpretation of initial findings alongside the main decisive factors for re-examination such as general circumstances of the initial examination (e. g., experience of the examiner, lighting conditions) and given dermatological conditions of the patient (e. g., diaper rash).
- Published
- 2020
23. Der Einsatz von Epicite Hydro® in der Brandverletzten-Behandlung
- Author
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Kamolz, LP, Funk, M, Tuca, A, Holzer, J, Nischwitz, S, Bernardelli de Mattos, I, Groeber-Becker, F, Birngruber, T, Kamolz, LP, Funk, M, Tuca, A, Holzer, J, Nischwitz, S, Bernardelli de Mattos, I, Groeber-Becker, F, and Birngruber, T
- Published
- 2019
24. Die Aufnahme von PHMB in epicitehydro(R)
- Author
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Holzer, JCJ, Tuca, AC, Bernadelli de Mattos, I, Groeber-Becker, F, Funk, M, Popp, D, Mautner, S, Birngruber, T, Kamolz, LP, Holzer, JCJ, Tuca, AC, Bernadelli de Mattos, I, Groeber-Becker, F, Funk, M, Popp, D, Mautner, S, Birngruber, T, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2019
25. Granulox(R) - Eine Sicherheitsstudie
- Author
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Holzer, JCJ, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, Kamolz, LP, Holzer, JCJ, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2019
26. Einfluss von sekundären Wundauflagen auf die Wirkung von Epicite Hydro: Ergebnisse einer tierexperimentellen Studie
- Author
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Tuca, AC, Holzer, JCJ, Funk, M, Palackic, A, Bernardelli de Mattos, I, Groeber-Becker, F, Birngruber, T, Kamolz, LP, Tuca, AC, Holzer, JCJ, Funk, M, Palackic, A, Bernardelli de Mattos, I, Groeber-Becker, F, Birngruber, T, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2019
27. Einfluss von sekundären Wundauflagen auf die Wirkung von Epicite Hydro: Ergebnisse einer tierexperimentellen Studie
- Author
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Tuca, AC, Holzer, JCJ, Funk, M, Palackic, A, Bernardelli de Mattos, I, Groeber-Becker, F, Birngruber, T, Kamolz, LP, Tuca, AC, Holzer, JCJ, Funk, M, Palackic, A, Bernardelli de Mattos, I, Groeber-Becker, F, Birngruber, T, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2019
28. Die Aufnahme von PHMB in epicitehydro(R)
- Author
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Holzer, JCJ, Tuca, AC, Bernadelli de Mattos, I, Groeber-Becker, F, Funk, M, Popp, D, Mautner, S, Birngruber, T, Kamolz, LP, Holzer, JCJ, Tuca, AC, Bernadelli de Mattos, I, Groeber-Becker, F, Funk, M, Popp, D, Mautner, S, Birngruber, T, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2019
29. Granulox(R) - Eine Sicherheitsstudie
- Author
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Holzer, JCJ, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, Kamolz, LP, Holzer, JCJ, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2019
30. Der Kühlungseffekt von epicitehydro(R) auf Verbrennungswunden
- Author
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Holzer, JCJ, Tiffner, K, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Funk, M, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, Kamolz, LP, Holzer, JCJ, Tiffner, K, Kainz, S, Reisenegger, P, Funk, M, Birngruber, T, Mautner, S, and Kamolz, LP
- Published
- 2019
31. Der Einsatz von Epicite Hydro® in der Brandverletzten-Behandlung
- Author
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Kamolz, LP, Funk, M, Tuca, A, Holzer, J, Nischwitz, S, Bernardelli de Mattos, I, Groeber-Becker, F, Birngruber, T, Kamolz, LP, Funk, M, Tuca, A, Holzer, J, Nischwitz, S, Bernardelli de Mattos, I, Groeber-Becker, F, and Birngruber, T
- Published
- 2019
32. Dermale Offene Mikroperfusion (dOFM) - Eine neue Methode für die Verbrennungsforschung
- Author
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Bodenlenz, M, Tiffner, K, Eberl, A, Kollmann, D, Prietl, B, Florian, P, Subramaniam, A, Kainz, S, Rauter, G, Pieber, TR, Sinner, F, Birngruber, T, Bodenlenz, M, Tiffner, K, Eberl, A, Kollmann, D, Prietl, B, Florian, P, Subramaniam, A, Kainz, S, Rauter, G, Pieber, TR, Sinner, F, and Birngruber, T
- Published
- 2018
33. Time-resolved hypothalamic open flow micro-perfusion reveals normal leptin transport across the blood–brain barrier in leptin resistant mice
- Author
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Kleinert, Maximilian, Kotzbeck, Petra, Altendorfer-Kroath, Thomas, Birngruber, Thomas, Tschöp, Matthias H., Clemmensen, Christoffer, Kleinert, Maximilian, Kotzbeck, Petra, Altendorfer-Kroath, Thomas, Birngruber, Thomas, Tschöp, Matthias H., and Clemmensen, Christoffer
- Abstract
Objective: The inability of leptin to suppress food intake in diet-induced obesity, sometimes referred to as leptin resistance, is associated with several distinct pathological hallmarks. One prevailing theory is that impaired transport of leptin across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents a molecular mechanism that triggers this phenomenon. Recent evidence, however, has challenged this notion, suggesting that leptin BBB transport is acquired during leptin resistance. Methods: To resolve this debate, we utilized a novel cerebral Open Flow Microperfusion (cOFM) method to examine leptin BBB transport in male C57BL/6J mice, fed a chow diet or high fat diet (HFD) for 20 days. Results: Basal plasma leptin levels were 3.8-fold higher in HFD-fed mice (p < 0.05). Leptin administration (2.5 mg/kg) elicited similar pharmacokinetic profiles of circulating leptin. However, while leptin reduced food intake by 20% over 22 h in chow-fed mice, it did not affect food intake in HFD-fed mice. In spite of this striking functional difference, hypothalamic leptin levels, as measured by cOFM, did not differ between chow-fed mice and HFD-fed mice following leptin administration. Conclusions: These data suggest that leptin transport across the BBB is not impaired in non-obese leptin resistant mice and thus unlikely to play a direct role in the progression of pharmacological leptin resistance.
- Published
- 2018
34. Time-resolved hypothalamic open flow micro-perfusion reveals normal leptin transport across the blood–brain barrier in leptin resistant mice
- Author
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Kleinert, Maximilian, Kotzbeck, Petra, Altendorfer-Kroath, Thomas, Birngruber, Thomas, Tschöp, Matthias H., Clemmensen, Christoffer, Kleinert, Maximilian, Kotzbeck, Petra, Altendorfer-Kroath, Thomas, Birngruber, Thomas, Tschöp, Matthias H., and Clemmensen, Christoffer
- Abstract
Objective: The inability of leptin to suppress food intake in diet-induced obesity, sometimes referred to as leptin resistance, is associated with several distinct pathological hallmarks. One prevailing theory is that impaired transport of leptin across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents a molecular mechanism that triggers this phenomenon. Recent evidence, however, has challenged this notion, suggesting that leptin BBB transport is acquired during leptin resistance. Methods: To resolve this debate, we utilized a novel cerebral Open Flow Microperfusion (cOFM) method to examine leptin BBB transport in male C57BL/6J mice, fed a chow diet or high fat diet (HFD) for 20 days. Results: Basal plasma leptin levels were 3.8-fold higher in HFD-fed mice (p < 0.05). Leptin administration (2.5 mg/kg) elicited similar pharmacokinetic profiles of circulating leptin. However, while leptin reduced food intake by 20% over 22 h in chow-fed mice, it did not affect food intake in HFD-fed mice. In spite of this striking functional difference, hypothalamic leptin levels, as measured by cOFM, did not differ between chow-fed mice and HFD-fed mice following leptin administration. Conclusions: These data suggest that leptin transport across the BBB is not impaired in non-obese leptin resistant mice and thus unlikely to play a direct role in the progression of pharmacological leptin resistance.
- Published
- 2018
35. Chronic intrahypothalamic rather than subcutaneous liraglutide treatment reduces body weight gain and stimulates the melanocortin receptor system
- Author
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Kaineder, K, Birngruber, T, Rauter, G, Obermüller, B, Eichler, J, Münzker, J, Al-Zoughbi, W, Mautner, S I, Torekov, S S, Hartmann, B, Kotzbeck, P, Pieber, T R, Kaineder, K, Birngruber, T, Rauter, G, Obermüller, B, Eichler, J, Münzker, J, Al-Zoughbi, W, Mautner, S I, Torekov, S S, Hartmann, B, Kotzbeck, P, and Pieber, T R
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: The GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide is marketed for obesity treatment where it induces body weight reduction possibly via the hypothalamus, which regulates energy homeostasis. In animal studies, acute liraglutide treatment triggers satiety, weight loss and activates thermogenesis in adipose tissue. However, the precise mechanisms how liraglutide affects in particular chronic weight loss are still under investigation.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate whether chronic hypothalamic or chronic subcutaneous administration of liraglutide induces sustained weight loss through altered adipose tissue function and to what extent hypothalamic neuronal appetite regulators are involved in the liraglutide-induced weight loss in healthy lean rats on a normal diet.MATERIALS/METHODS: We continuously administered liraglutide either intrahypothalamically (10 μg per day) or subcutaneously (200 μg kg(-1) per day) for 28 days to lean Sprague Dawley rats (n=8 each). We assessed changes in body weight, adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size and adipose tissue volume in the abdominal region by using micro-CT. We analyzed genetic expression patterns of browning, thermogenic and adipocyte differentiation regulators in adipose tissues as well as particular neuronal appetite regulators in the hypothalamus.RESULTS: Intrahypothalamic liraglutide administration induced an 8% body weight reduction at day 9 compared with the control group (P<0.01) and a 7% body weight loss at day 9 compared with subcutaneous liraglutide treatment (P<0.01), supported by a significant reduction in adipose tissue mass and volume with intrahypothalamic liraglutide administration (P<0.05). Our data show that chronic intrahypothalamic liraglutide treatment triggered an 18-fold induction of the hypothalamic mc4r gene (P<0.01) accompanied by a significant increase in circulating thyroxine (T4) levels (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Chronic intrahypothalamic liraglutide administr
- Published
- 2017
36. Investigation of intradermal inflammatory response in excised human skin after a burn stimulus
- Author
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Tiffner, K, Wurzer, P, Funk, M, Kamolz, L, Birngruber, T, Tiffner, K, Wurzer, P, Funk, M, Kamolz, L, and Birngruber, T
- Published
- 2017
37. Characterization of burn injuries by monitoring immune and inflammatory response in the dermis with open flow microperfusion
- Author
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Tiffner, K, Wurzer, P, Funk, M, Kamolz, L, Birngruber, T, Tiffner, K, Wurzer, P, Funk, M, Kamolz, L, and Birngruber, T
- Published
- 2017
38. Characterization of burn injuries by monitoring immune and inflammatory response in the dermis with open flow microperfusion
- Author
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Tiffner, K, Wurzer, P, Funk, M, Kamolz, L, Birngruber, T, Tiffner, K, Wurzer, P, Funk, M, Kamolz, L, and Birngruber, T
- Published
- 2017
39. Investigation of intradermal inflammatory response in excised human skin after a burn stimulus
- Author
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Tiffner, K, Wurzer, P, Funk, M, Kamolz, L, Birngruber, T, Tiffner, K, Wurzer, P, Funk, M, Kamolz, L, and Birngruber, T
- Published
- 2017
40. Biomedical optics centers: forty years of multidisciplinary clinical translation for improving human health
- Author
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Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology, Parrish, John A, Tromberg, Bruce J., Anderson, R. Rox, Birngruber, Reginald, Brinkmann, Ralf, Berns, Michael W., Apiou-Sbirlea, Gabriela, Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology, Parrish, John A, Tromberg, Bruce J., Anderson, R. Rox, Birngruber, Reginald, Brinkmann, Ralf, Berns, Michael W., and Apiou-Sbirlea, Gabriela
- Abstract
Despite widespread government and public interest, there are significant barriers to translating basic science discoveries into clinical practice. Biophotonics and biomedical optics technologies can be used to overcome many of these hurdles, due, in part, to offering new portable, bedside, and accessible devices. The current JBO special issue highlights promising activities and examples of translational biophotonics from leading laboratories around the world. We identify common essential features of successful clinical translation by examining the origins and activities of three major international academic affiliated centers with beginnings traceable to the mid-late 1970s: The Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Mass General Hospital, USA), the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic (University of California, Irvine, USA), and the Medical Laser Center Lübeck at the University of Lübeck, Germany. Major factors driving the success of these programs include visionary founders and leadership, multidisciplinary research and training activities in light-based therapies and diagnostics, diverse funding portfolios, and a thriving entrepreneurial culture that tolerates risk. We provide a brief review of how these three programs emerged and highlight critical phases and lessons learned. Based on these observations, we identify pathways for encouraging the growth and formation of similar programs in order to more rapidly and effectively expand the impact of biophotonics and biomedical optics on human health.
- Published
- 2017
41. Biomedical optics centers: forty years of multidisciplinary clinical translation for improving human health.
- Author
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Tromberg, Bruce J, Tromberg, Bruce J, Anderson, R Rox, Birngruber, Reginald, Brinkmann, Ralf, Berns, Michael W, Parrish, John A, Apiou-Sbirlea, Gabriela, Tromberg, Bruce J, Tromberg, Bruce J, Anderson, R Rox, Birngruber, Reginald, Brinkmann, Ralf, Berns, Michael W, Parrish, John A, and Apiou-Sbirlea, Gabriela
- Abstract
Despite widespread government and public interest, there are significant barriers to translating basic science discoveries into clinical practice. Biophotonics and biomedical optics technologies can be used to overcome many of these hurdles, due, in part, to offering new portable, bedside, and accessible devices. The current JBO special issue highlights promising activities and examples of translational biophotonics from leading laboratories around the world. We identify common essential features of successful clinical translation by examining the origins and activities of three major international academic affiliated centers with beginnings traceable to the mid-late 1970s: The Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Mass General Hospital, USA), the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic (University of California, Irvine, USA), and the Medical Laser Center Lübeck at the University of Lübeck, Germany. Major factors driving the success of these programs include visionary founders and leadership, multidisciplinary research and training activities in light-based therapies and diagnostics, diverse funding portfolios, and a thriving entrepreneurial culture that tolerates risk. We provide a brief review of how these three programs emerged and highlight critical phases and lessons learned. Based on these observations, we identify pathways for encouraging the growth and formation of similar programs in order to more rapidly and effectively expand the impact of biophotonics and biomedical optics on human health.
- Published
- 2016
42. Biomedical optics centers: forty years of multidisciplinary clinical translation for improving human health.
- Author
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Tromberg, Bruce J, Tromberg, Bruce J, Anderson, R Rox, Birngruber, Reginald, Brinkmann, Ralf, Berns, Michael W, Parrish, John A, Apiou-Sbirlea, Gabriela, Tromberg, Bruce J, Tromberg, Bruce J, Anderson, R Rox, Birngruber, Reginald, Brinkmann, Ralf, Berns, Michael W, Parrish, John A, and Apiou-Sbirlea, Gabriela
- Abstract
Despite widespread government and public interest, there are significant barriers to translating basic science discoveries into clinical practice. Biophotonics and biomedical optics technologies can be used to overcome many of these hurdles, due, in part, to offering new portable, bedside, and accessible devices. The current JBO special issue highlights promising activities and examples of translational biophotonics from leading laboratories around the world. We identify common essential features of successful clinical translation by examining the origins and activities of three major international academic affiliated centers with beginnings traceable to the mid-late 1970s: The Wellman Center for Photomedicine (Mass General Hospital, USA), the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic (University of California, Irvine, USA), and the Medical Laser Center Lübeck at the University of Lübeck, Germany. Major factors driving the success of these programs include visionary founders and leadership, multidisciplinary research and training activities in light-based therapies and diagnostics, diverse funding portfolios, and a thriving entrepreneurial culture that tolerates risk. We provide a brief review of how these three programs emerged and highlight critical phases and lessons learned. Based on these observations, we identify pathways for encouraging the growth and formation of similar programs in order to more rapidly and effectively expand the impact of biophotonics and biomedical optics on human health.
- Published
- 2016
43. Non-invasive Transdermal Two-dimensional Mapping of Cutaneous Oxygenation with Rapid-drying Liquid Bandage
- Author
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ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX ARMY DENTAL AND TRAUMA RESEARCH DETACHMENT, Li, Zongxi, Roussakis, Emmanuel, Koolen, Pieter G, Ibrahim, Ahmed M, Kim, Kuylhee, Rose, Lloyd F, Wu, Jesse, Nichols, Alexander J, Baek, Yunjung, Birngruber, Reginald, ARMY INST OF SURGICAL RESEARCH FORT SAM HOUSTON TX ARMY DENTAL AND TRAUMA RESEARCH DETACHMENT, Li, Zongxi, Roussakis, Emmanuel, Koolen, Pieter G, Ibrahim, Ahmed M, Kim, Kuylhee, Rose, Lloyd F, Wu, Jesse, Nichols, Alexander J, Baek, Yunjung, and Birngruber, Reginald
- Abstract
Oxygen plays an important role in wound healing, as it is essential to biological functions such as cell proliferation, immune responses and collagen synthesis. Poor oxygenation is directly associated with the development of chronic ischemic wounds, which affect more than 6 million people each year in the United States alone at an estimated cost of $25 billion. Knowledge of oxygenation status is also important in the management of burns and skin grafts, as well as in a wide range of skin conditions. Despite the importance of the clinical determination of tissue oxygenation, there is a lack of rapid, user-friendly and quantitative diagnostic tools that allow for non-disruptive, continuous monitoring of oxygen content across large areas of skin and wounds to guide care and therapeutic decisions. In this work, we describe a sensitive, colorimetric, oxygen-sensing paint-on bandage for two-dimensional mapping of tissue oxygenation in skin, burns, and skin grafts. By embedding both an oxygensensing porphyrin-dendrimer phosphor and a reference dye in a liquid bandage matrix, we have created a liquid bandage that can be painted onto the skin surface and dries into a thin film that adheres tightly to the skin or wound topology. When captured by a camera-based imaging device, the oxygen-dependent phosphorescence emission of the bandage can be used to quantify and map both the pO2 and oxygen consumption of the underlying tissue. In this proof-of-principle study, we first demonstrate our system on a rat ischemic limb model to show its capabilities in sensing tissue ischemia. It is then tested on both ex vivo and in vivo porcine burn models to monitor the progression of burn injuries. Lastly, the bandage is applied to an in vivo porcine graft model for monitoring the integration of full- and partial thickness skin grafts., Published in Biomedical Optics Express, v5 n11 p3748-3764, 1 Oct 2014.
- Published
- 2014
44. Exercising Democratic Rights under Surveillance Regimes – AUSTRIA COUNTRY REPORTS
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Krieger-Lamina, Jaro, Birngruber, Stefan, Krieger-Lamina, Jaro, and Birngruber, Stefan
- Abstract
Chapter in Deliverable No. D5 of the (FP7-) Project "IRISS – Increasing Resilience in Surveillance Societies". Parts: Mapping the legal and administrative frameworks in Austria / Locating the data controller in Austria / Submitting access requests in Austria
- Published
- 2014
45. Validation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements of subpleural alveolar size parameters by optical coherence tomography
- Author
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Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Bouma, Brett E., Tearney, Guillermo J., Unglert, Carolin I., Warger, William C., Namati, Eman, Hostens, Jeroen, Birngruber, Reginald, Harvard University--MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Bouma, Brett E., Tearney, Guillermo J., Unglert, Carolin I., Warger, William C., Namati, Eman, Hostens, Jeroen, and Birngruber, Reginald
- Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been increasingly used for imaging pulmonary alveoli. Only a few studies, however, have quantified individual alveolar areas, and the validity of alveolar volumes represented within OCT images has not been shown. To validate quantitative measurements of alveoli from OCT images, we compared the cross-sectional area, perimeter, volume, and surface area of matched subpleural alveoli from microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and OCT images of fixed air-filled swine samples. The relative change in size between different alveoli was extremely well correlated (r > 0.9, P < 0.0001), but OCT images underestimated absolute sizes compared to micro-CT by 27% (area), 7% (perimeter), 46% (volume), and 25% (surface area) on average. We hypothesized that the differences resulted from refraction at the tissue–air interfaces and developed a ray-tracing model that approximates the reconstructed alveolar size within OCT images. Using this model and OCT measurements of the refractive index for lung tissue (1.41 for fresh, 1.53 for fixed), we derived equations to obtain absolute size measurements of superellipse and circular alveoli with the use of predictive correction factors. These methods and results should enable the quantification of alveolar sizes from OCT images in vivo.
- Published
- 2013
46. Ophthalmoskopisch unterschwellige Photokoagulation auf OCT Endpunkte durch automatische Temperaturkontrolle der Läsionen
- Author
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Koinzer, S, Schlott, K, Portz, L, Hesse, C, Kleemann, S, Kielhorn, N, Baade, A, Saeger, M, Denner, R, Ptaszynski, L, Bever, M, Birngruber, R, Brinkmann, R, Roider, J, Koinzer, S, Schlott, K, Portz, L, Hesse, C, Kleemann, S, Kielhorn, N, Baade, A, Saeger, M, Denner, R, Ptaszynski, L, Bever, M, Birngruber, R, Brinkmann, R, and Roider, J
- Published
- 2012
47. Ophthalmoskopisch unterschwellige Photokoagulation auf OCT Endpunkte durch automatische Temperaturkontrolle der Läsionen
- Author
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Koinzer, S, Schlott, K, Portz, L, Hesse, C, Kleemann, S, Kielhorn, N, Baade, A, Saeger, M, Denner, R, Ptaszynski, L, Bever, M, Birngruber, R, Brinkmann, R, Roider, J, Koinzer, S, Schlott, K, Portz, L, Hesse, C, Kleemann, S, Kielhorn, N, Baade, A, Saeger, M, Denner, R, Ptaszynski, L, Bever, M, Birngruber, R, Brinkmann, R, and Roider, J
- Published
- 2012
48. Korrelation des Echtzeit-Temperaturprofils während der Photokoagulation mit der Schadensdarstellung im Spectralis-OCT bei Patienten mit PDRP
- Author
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Roider, J, Koinzer, S, Bever, M, Ptaszynski, L, Schlott, K, Baade, A, Portz, L, Luft, S, Birngruber, R, Brinkmann, R, Roider, J, Koinzer, S, Bever, M, Ptaszynski, L, Schlott, K, Baade, A, Portz, L, Luft, S, Birngruber, R, and Brinkmann, R
- Published
- 2011
49. Intraoperative OCT (iOCT) für den hinteren Augenabschnitt
- Author
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Müller, M, Steven, P, Lankenau, E, Krug, M, Acidereli, E, Oelkers, S, Birngruber, R, Grisanti, S, Hüttmann, G, Lübecker OCT Studiengruppe, Müller, M, Steven, P, Lankenau, E, Krug, M, Acidereli, E, Oelkers, S, Birngruber, R, Grisanti, S, Hüttmann, G, and Lübecker OCT Studiengruppe
- Published
- 2011
50. Intraoperative OCT (iOCT) für den hinteren Augenabschnitt
- Author
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Müller, M, Steven, P, Lankenau, E, Krug, M, Acidereli, E, Oelkers, S, Birngruber, R, Grisanti, S, Hüttmann, G, Lübecker OCT Studiengruppe, Müller, M, Steven, P, Lankenau, E, Krug, M, Acidereli, E, Oelkers, S, Birngruber, R, Grisanti, S, Hüttmann, G, and Lübecker OCT Studiengruppe
- Published
- 2011
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