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Over the last fourty years the Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine (ACPSEM) has developed a Training, Education and Assessment Program (TEAP) that provides medical physicists with a pathway to a career in radiation oncology, diagnostic imaging or nuclear medicine. The program is ambitious in its scope and aligned with international guidelines by IOMP and IAEA. More than 400 colleagues have so far been assessed by ACPSEM forming the foundation of better technical and scientific services to patients in Australia and New Zealand.

Hoi Yan Wong,1 Loredana G Marcu,2,3 Eva Bezak,1,3,4 Nayana Anupam Parange1,3 1Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; 2Faculty of Informatics & Science, University of Oradea, Oradea 410087, Romania; 3Cancer Research Institute and School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; 4Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaCorrespondence: Nayana Anupam Parange Tel +61 8302 2585Email nayana.Parange@unisa.edu.auAbstract: There are important differences concerning health outcomes between the Australian population living in rural/remote regions and the urban population. Health care provision in remote areas, particularly in regions with a low number of inhabitants, is not without challenges. Aboriginal, rural and remote communities are therefore affected, as they face various obstacles in accessing health services, owing to geographical settings, difficulties in transportation to nearby hospitals, limited or inexistent local qualified personnel. The implementation of point-of-care testing could be a plausible solution to these challenges, as various point-of-care services that have been successfully put into action worldwide indicate towards positive clinical outcomes. Point-of-care units have a real potential in reducing morbidity and mortality in all population groups. This article aims to review the published literature on point-of-care testing around the world, with a focus on health economics and the feasibility of its implementation in Australian rural and remote regions.Keywords: health economics, remote areas, point-of-care testing, cost-effectiveness

Emerging radiotherapy treatments including targeted particle therapy, hadron therapy or radiosensitisation of cells by high-Z nanoparticles demand the theoretical determination of radiation track structure at the nanoscale. This is essential in order to evaluate radiation damage at the cellular and DNA level. Since 2007, Geant4 offers physics models to describe particle interactions in liquid water at the nanometre level through the Geant4-DNA Package. This package currently provides a complete set of models describing the event-by-event electromagnetic interactions of particles with liquid water, as well as developments for the modelling of water radiolysis. Since its release, Geant4-DNA has been adopted as an investigational tool in kV and MV external beam radiotherapy, hadron therapies using protons and heavy ions, targeted therapies and radiobiology studies. It has been benchmarked with respect to other track structure Monte Carlo codes and, where available, against reference experimental measurements. While Geant4-DNA physics models and radiolysis modelling functionalities have already been described in detail in the literature, this review paper summarises and discusses a selection of representative papers with the aim of providing an overview of a) geometrical descriptions of biological targets down to the DNA size, and b) the full spectrum of current micro- and nano-scale applications of Geant4-DNA.