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1. The Politics and Poetics of Cicero's Brutus: The Invention of Literary History

Author: van den Berg, Christopher S.
Published: 2024
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2. Exploring the physics of 3D magnetic nanowires and 3D artificial spin-ice lattices

Author: Van Den Berg, Arjen
Subjects: QC Physics
Abstract: Three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures have become subject to recent intense interest due to the availability of new fabrication techniques. 3D nanostructured materials provide access to a host of new phenomena such as novel spin textures established by exotic 3D geometries and curvature, ultrafast domain walls beating the Walker limit, controlled spin-wave emission, and a plethora of technological applications. Two-photon lithography (TPL) is a powerful tool facilitating the fabrication of 3D magnetic nanostructures, as has been demonstrated in recent work realizing a 3D lattice of nanowires arranged in a diamond bond structure. Initial experimental work has shown that this technique, when combined with thermal evaporation, can be used to produce 3D artificial spin-ice (3DASI) systems. After providing a background to the relevant physics and experimental techniques, chapter 4 outlines a detailed micromagnetic study of key geometries that make up the experimental 3DASI lattice. This study provides a detailed understanding of switching in individual wires, coordination-two bipod structures present on the surface and coordination-four tetrapod structures present within the bulk. These studies provide a deeper understanding of measurements performed upon the system. TPL with line-of-sight (LOS) deposition results in magnetic nanowires with a crescent-shaped cross-section where non-uniform thickness and curvature leads to novel switching mechanisms and perturbs domain wall structure. Simulations show that the individual wires in the lattice are Ising-like, single domain with sharp reversals between two well-defined states. The crescent-shaped cross-section perturbs domain wall structure and introduces novel edge states impacting switching. The Ising-like condition continues to hold in more complex geometries comprising these wires. Simulations exploring the switching in single wires, bipod systems, and tetrapod systems are explored and compared to experimental optical magnetometry. Every permutation of magnetization within coordination-two and coordination-four vertices are simulated to obtain spin textures, energies, and magnetic surface charge density of conventional artificial spin-ice vertex types. The energies of ice-rule states are found to be almost degenerate, and high energy singly charged monopole states are shown to be stable. Doubly charged monopole states are not stable within the simulation geometries. Computed magnetic surface charge density aids the identification of vertex types measured using magnetic force microscopy, enabling the identification of magnetic charges propagating through the lattice. The energy associated with a monopole excitation upon the surface coordination-two vertices of the 3DASI is shown to be a factor of ~3 higher than an excitation in the coordination-four vertices of the bulk. The utilisation of the calculated energies within Monte Carlo simulations performed by collaborators allowed a reasonable agreement to be obtained with experimental results. Despite the success of TPL and LOS deposition as a tool for magnetic nanostructure fabrication, a limitation in the methodology comes from a thin film of the functional material being deposited on the substrate. In the case of magnetic materials, the substrate film may interact with the functional components and unwanted signals in measurements using MOKE or other techniques where relatively large spot sizes capture background film. The presence of substrate film is then a limiting factor in the types of structures that may be fabricated using TPL and studied. Chapter 5 explores a modification to the TPL fabrication procedure to include a poly(acrylic acid) sacrificial layer compatible with TPL and laser ablation to create a process that removes the substrate film. The novel sacrificial layer process is used to produce isolated magnetic nanowires with no detectable material upon the substrate. MOKE measurements upon a simple nanowire show hysteresis loops with a sharp transition at 9.9 mT, the introduction of a large nucleation pad reduces the wire switching field to 1.63 mT, demonstrating controlled domain wall injection into the nanowire. We present a proof-of-principle of using 3D nanostructuring to introduce out-of-plane perturbations to control domain wall motion in the wires. Finite difference simulations elucidate the pinning mechanism at the proposed perturbation, and MOKE magnetometry suggests a 3mT pinning field. The validity of the pinning measurements is discussed. MOKE measurements performed on 3DASI lattices fabricated using the sacrificial layer approach show that previously detected low-field features due to background film were eliminated; this shows potential for MOKE as a technique to obtain depth-dependent switching information from our lattice. In particular, it is shown that the experimental parameters associated with MOKE, such as polarization and analyzer angle, can be used to help elucidate switching taking place upon the different sublattices. The successful implementation of a sacrificial layer enables the use of TPL with line-of-sight deposition to produce a wide variety of interesting 3D geometries that have been explored within the literature. Examples include gaussian surfaces, which stabilize skyrmions and other topological spin textures. Experimental feasibility of domain wall injection into a 3D nanowire system opens the possibility of realizing more complex domain wall circuits, approaching racetrack like devices. Finally, the work upon sacrificial layers and depth-dependent switching also has important implications for the study of 3DASI systems. Soon the group intends to study thermal systems. Here the removal of the sheet film will eliminate possible spurious signals from the substrate, whilst depth-dependent switching will allow the dynamic route to ground state to be studied.
Published: 2023

3. Propaganda and territorialisation : SA imagery and power, 1923-1945

Author: Berg, Jacob, Bavaj, Riccardo, Fischer, Conan, Scully, Richard, and Kehoe, Thomas
Subjects: Sturmabteilung, Territorialisation, SA, Power, Imagery, Visuality, DD253.7B4, Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter-Partei. Sturmabteilung, Nazi propaganda--Germany--History--20th century, World War, 1939-1945--Propaganda
Abstract: It was once argued that the Sturmabteilung lost political power in the Nazi state after the 1934 Night of the Long Knives. However, since the 1980s, there is a growing body of literature that has shown that the SA not only continued but had a variety of important functions until the collapse of the Third Reich. What is less known is the role that SA propaganda played in assisting the Nazi state in achieving its aims between 1934-1945. Whilst there is a historical consensus that the SA was one of the most important means of propaganda until 1933, scholars have neglected to address the ongoing significance of SA propaganda until the end of the regime. This thesis fills this gap by exploring the role and function of SA visuality and imagery from 1923-1945. By analysing the propaganda of the brownshirts over the length and breadth of their existence, this thesis demonstrates that Hitler's stormtroopers not only continued to exist as an important community shaping constituent for the Nazis, but that their propaganda was used to Nazify German society to fit within their own twisted ideological worldview. The main contribution of this thesis lies within its analytical framework that uses Robert Sack's concept of human territoriality as a lens to view SA propaganda. Sack argues that territoriality is the attempt by an individual or group to affect, influence, or control people by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area. This thesis explains how SA visuality and imagery was used as a form of territorialisation, in that the SA used their propaganda after 1933 to turn German society into Nazi territory. SA imagery aimed to shape the actions and attitudes of the German population by indoctrinating them with the ideological tenets of National Socialism. By examining SA propaganda in public spaces, education, sport, and during the Second World War, this thesis establishes that the importance of the SA remained until the end of the Third Reich.
Published: 2023
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4. Narratives of death in Tacitus' Annals

Author: Van den Berg, Gerjanne Henrieke and König, Alice
Subjects: Tacitus, Annals, Roman historiography, Narratives of death, Death, Suicide
Abstract: This thesis argues that we can deepen our understanding of Tacitus' Annals by reading the narrative through the lens of death. Through close reading and structural analysis, I demonstrate that deaths are important narrative devices in the Annals that create links and engender important (often political) themes. Looking at their interplay and cumulative effect, my analysis shows that deaths in the Annals create meaning and help us understand the text better. This research has wider implications for how we read the Annals and the importance we ascribe to mentions of death. It also looks beyond the Annals, showing to what degree death functions as a narrative device in other texts. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the position of deaths in the structure of the text. Chapter 2 analyses death as a metaphor for the End, both of Nero, the Julio-Claudians, and the Annals as a literary work. Chapter 3 looks at strategic positions of death (often bookending and at year-ends), showing that deaths structure the narrative. The second part of this thesis is organised thematically. Chapter 4 focuses on violent deaths, contrasting non-affective deaths in battle with dramatic imperial assassinations and deaths caused by the arena. In chapter 5, murders by starvation and poisoning are examined. Tacitus employs these deaths as a vehicle to focus on those (allegedly) responsible, causing death to have a lasting impact on the emperors' characterisation. Chapter 6 centres on the political power dynamic between emperor and senator in (forced) suicides. As I show, Tacitus uses suicide as a vehicle to talk about control and agency. Death in the Annals does not only leave a trail of bodies, but also tells a political narrative, a character study of the Julio-Claudians, a tale of Rome's decline, and forces the reader to confront their own position in history.
Published: 2023
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5. 'A moral weapon' : the civic organ tradition in the Midlands, 1834-1901

Author: Berg, Mie Othelie
Subjects: DA Great Britain, GV Recreation Leisure, HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform, M Music, ML Literature of music
Abstract: Following the 1834 inauguration of the William Hill organ in Birmingham Town Hall, England saw growth in the installation of organs in public buildings. These monuments to civic pride and ambition were constructed not just to entertain, but to improve, as local authorities sought to elevate the tastes and morals of their working-class population by providing affordable organ recitals as an alternative to other forms of leisure. This tradition, emerging amid the socio-cultural and musical tensions of the first half of the nineteenth century, was the product of a complex web of influences, rooted in the wider rational recreation movement, a secular organ tradition which had been evolving since the seventeenth century, middle-class mistrust of working-class leisure and the belief in the suggestive power of music. In this thesis, I have examined the origins of this tradition and its development in England between 1834 and 1901 by looking at the wider trends that led to its conception, and the ways in which it manifested itself in four case study towns: Kidderminster, Worcester, Wednesbury and West Bromwich. In each of these town, civic halls and organs were constructed and organists appointed, with the aim of producing regular, moral recitals for a working-class audience, with varying outcomes. The results of this tradition were not the broad moralising effect that its proponents intended, and its duration was limited by the march of technology and changing attitudes following the turn of the century. Instead, its lasting effects were a contribution to the democratisation of music and concert culture, to English organ-building and organ repertoire, and the construction of a large number of instruments throughout the country.
Published: 2022

6. Memory, remnants and absences : narrating the past in immigrant Jewish-American literature from the 1890s to the 1930s

Author: Berg Saavedra, Emma, Gelbin, Cathy, and Pearl, Monica
Abstract: This doctoral dissertation examines literature's relationship with the past, specifically the ways in which literature rewrites, and also fails to rewrite, multiple pasts. This project considers the narratives of immigrant Jewish-American authors from Eastern Europe who arrived in America during the third wave, namely between 1880 and 1924. The following four chapters focus on seven literary works by five of these authors: Abraham Cahan's Yekl (1896), Mary Antin's From Plotzk to Boston (1899) and The Promised Land (1912), Rose Gollup Cohen's Out of the Shadow: A Russian Jewish Girlhood on the Lower East Side (1918), Ludwig Lewisohn's Up Stream (1922), and Anzia Yezierska's All I Could Never Be (1932) and Red Ribbon on a White Horse (1950). The following pages explore different questions: how do these texts reinterpret the past? What remains of this past, if anything remains at all, in their American present? In order to do this, the methodological framework draws on both canonical and recent scholarly work from memory studies and literary studies. Recent work on memory and mobility, such as Andreas Kitzmann's and Julia Creet's 'Memory and Migration: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Memory Studies' and Monika Palmberger's and Jelena Tošić's 'Memories on the Move: Experiencing Mobility, Rethinking the Past', form the foundations of this methodology. Other studies on culture, memory and the past, as well as secondary criticism on the selected authors, also inform this theoretical framework on its emphasis on the intertwinement between memory and literature. Through these specific theories and close textual analysis, this dissertation posits a study of the intricacies that accompany and inform literary narratives of the past. The central thesis of this dissertation is that, in these seven texts, the past constitutes a malleable, rewritten narrative between interrupted temporalities in which routes only lead to other routes.
Published: 2022

7. Investigating the effect of the components of Primodos, norethisterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol, on vertebrate embryos

Author: Berg, Amanda Louise Radcliffe, Vargesson, Neil, Erskine, Lynda, and De Bari, Cosimo
Subjects: Pregnancy, Embryology
Abstract: Primodos was marketed as a hormonal pregnancy test (HPT) from 1957-1978, and consisted of norethisterone acetate (NA) and ethinyl oestradiol (EO) - a synthetic progestogen and oestrogen respectively. There has been a continuing controversy as to whether hormonal preparations such as HPT are capable of causing birth defects to the human embryo. My thesis investigates whether a drug mixture containing NA and EO has teratogenic potential in zebrafish and chicken embryos. To investigate the teratogenic potential of norethisterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol, I exposed zebrafish embryos and chicken embryos to a range of doses of the drug mixture. This resulted in the development of defects including craniofacial defects and spinal defects in both experimental models, and pectoral fin defects in the zebrafish embryo. Following this, I performed next-generation sequencing to identify potential molecular targets of norethisterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol in the zebrafish embryo. The RNA sequencing screen determined that 26 genes were differentially expressed, including the gene encoding the Eph receptor A8 (epha8). To validate epha8 as a potential target of norethisterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol in the embryo, I performed wholemount in situ hybridisation and quantitative real-time PCR of the gene in both chicken and zebrafish embryos. Additionally, qPCR was performed using treated HUVECs, as an additional validation experiment. These validation studies confirmed epha8 downregulation following treatment with norethisterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol, which suggests it is a molecular target of the drug mixture. This data demonstrates that norethisterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol is teratogenic to vertebrate embryos and has the potential to cause damage to human embryos if exposed in utero.
Published: 2021

8. Remote sensing and biogeochemical prospecting for uranium and associated mineralogical elements in Argentina

Author: Berg, Talia Carina, Ward, Neil Ian, and Felipe-Sotelo, Monica
Abstract: Remote sensing systems is widely used for mineral exploration. Many minerals have distinctive spectral patterns and can also be identified using linear features linked to geologic structures of mineralisation or the recognition of hydrothermally altered rock formations that may be associated with mineral deposits. Landsat and ASTER satellite imagery was used to characterise potential uranium deposits in northern Santa Cruz, Argentina. Field-based gamma-ray radiometry was carried-out to identify sampling sites and an aerial-based survey for the generation of a regional radiometric anomaly map, followed by biogeochemical prospecting, which is based on using plants to indicate the presence of minerals in the underlying substrate. In Argentina, mineral ores are abundant but few studies of the chemical analysis of native vegetation growing in such areas have been reported. Moreover, uranium deposits may also have raised levels of Th, V, As, Zr and rare earth elements (REEs). Two campaigns were coordinated for the purpose of this research: a preliminary study in Nov. 2014 which covered the collection of soils and plant species, along with radiometric field data, from 2 areas, a control or 'background' (sites 3 to 8) and possible U-deposit at Laguna Sirven (sites 9 to 13). Hyperspectral data was obtained at Hytec Alto Americas for plant and soil samples. Preliminary studies confirmed that the preferred digestion method was dry ashing with subsequent acid dissolution of the 'ash' with aqua regia (plants) or aqua regia/hydrofluoric acid (soils) for elemental analysis (for more than 35) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Laguna Sirven 'mineralised' values confirmed sites of higher U-levels, with the translocation and distribution of U being roots > leaves ~ stems > flowers. Soil depth profiles at Laguna Sirven confirmed U-deposit layers at site 11-2 (mg/kg U d.w.): a surface value of 3.32 (0 cm), 119.87 (15 cm), 713.13 (30 cm), 282.51 (50 cm) and 10.30 (70 cm), respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis confirmed the relationship between the gamma-ray radiometry equivalent uranium (eU) signal and the U levels at the Laguna Sirven sampling sites. A highly statistically significant relationship (two-tailed t-test) exists in plant material between U and V or U and As A similar relationship exits between these elements for surface soils, suggesting Laguna Sirven has calcrete uranium deposits in which the U6+ mineral is carnotite or hydrated potassium uranyl vanadate. In April 2018, a follow-up trip was undertaken at Laguna Sirven using information obtained from new remote sensing satellite images and data processing techniques, which helped identify two new sampling areas, namely, gypsum and carbonate-based sites. This study confirmed the data from 2014, although the plant uranium (and some other elements) had lower levels, especially samples from the carbonate sites. This may be due to seasonal fluctuations causing variations in elemental uptake by aerial plant tissues. Correlation maps for all plant and soil samples confirmed highly positive relationships between U, V and As, already establish in the 2014 study. Principle component analysis of soil and plant data also confirmed the above correlations between these elements and clustering with other elemental groups - REE, Ba-Sr-Th, alkaline earths. This data helped postulate the possible U mineralization process and involvement of other elements in this region of Laguna Sirven, Santa Cruz, Argentina.
Published: 2021
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9. Gene therapy for surfactant protein B deficiency using recombinant AAV vectors

Author: Meyer-Berg, Helena Christiana Maria, Hyde, Stephen, and Gill, Deborah
Subjects: Adeno-associated virus 2, Lungs, Rare diseases, Gene therapy
Abstract: Gene therapies are being developed for rare genetic diseases and offer hope for conditions with few treatment options. Surfactant protein B (SP-B) deficiency is a rare genetic disease of the lung causing severe respiratory distress in neonates and is fatal within the first months of life. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is being investigated for delivery of functional SP-B to the lungs of SP-B deficient neonates, to produce surfactant for secretion onto the lung surface to increase chances of survival. To screen AAV serotypes for efficient targeting of alveolar type II (ATII) cells of the lung parenchyma, rAAV5, rAAV6.2 and rAAV9 expressing reporter transgenes were delivered to murine lungs via intranasal instillation. Serotype 5 mediated the highest transduction levels in the target ATII cells (19.4 %, p< 0.05 versus naive). The in situ hybridisation method RNAscope was adapted to include a DNase digestion step to allow for detection of transgene mRNA expression after rAAV delivery and showed that the hCEFI promoter mediated the highest expression levels in ATII cells (11.1 transgene mRNA copies per cell, p< 0.05 versus rAAV5.SP-B MG and p< 0.0001 versus all other groups). Therefore, rAAV5.hCEFI.SP-B was the rAAV vector selected for use in the murine lung. To validate the vector for human lung delivery, eight AAV capsids were screened in human models of the lung parenchyma: precision cut lung slices (PCLS) generated from lung resections and lung bud organoids (LBO) generated from human embryonic stem cells. The rAAV5 vector did not transduce the PCLS model, or the LBO after microinjection to the lumen; but vectors rAAV6, rAAV6.2 and rAAV6.2FF showed distinct levels of transduction in both models (p< 0.005 versus naive), indicating their suitability for gene delivery to the human lung parenchyma and highlighting the limitations of the murine model for AAV serotype selection in lung. Reporter gene expression using the CMV promoter was more robust than the hCEFI promoter in both the PCLS (hCEFI expression not detected) and LBO model (about 5-fold), but hCEFI mediated distinct levels of expression long-term. To test the capability of rAAV6.2 to mediate therapeutic protein expression in a human model of the SP-B deficient lung, embryonic stem cells were gene edited to incorporate the most common disease-causing 121ins2 mutation in SP-B deficiency. Subsequently, LBOs were generated from this edited cell line by sequential differentiation and delivery of rAAV6.2.CMV.SP-B resulted in expression of mature SP-B protein, highlighting the translational potential of the selected rAAV vector.
Published: 2021

10. Revisiting mindset theory : insights from EFL students in Japanese higher education

Author: Berg, Michael
Abstract: Despite the marked impact they have been shown to have in the classroom, growth/fixed mindsets are an under-researched area of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) studies (Lou & Noels, 2016; Mercer & Ryan, 2009). How these mindsets interface with students' EFL proficien-cy, as well as linguistic and social environments (demographic information such as where students grew up; to what extent English was used and study was encouraged; how much exposure students had to native English-speaking foreigners etc.) were examined in order to illuminate some trends regarding how Japanese university students perceive and approach their language learning journey. In this study approximately 850 Japanese students from two municipal universities were surveyed to identify their language learning mindsets, EFL proficiency and social/educational histories. Sub-sequent statistical correlations were sought, and follow-up interviews were undertaken for a more in-depth understanding of the relationships that exist. It was discovered that despite the impact mindset theory has had on a host of learning domains, its relevance in helping to make sense of EFL learning within a Japanese university context was minimal with respect to growth mindsets, and negligible with respect to fixed. As well it was discovered the tool used to measure mindsets (Lou & Noels' Language Mindset Index) had a limited fit within a Japanese context prompting a four- (rather than six- and three-) factor model. Rather than mindsets, it appeared students strug-gled far more markedly with a host of affective hinderances; such as a lack of confidence and fear of making mistakes which stemmed from an overfamiliarity with the still prominent grammar-translation (yakudoku) teaching methods prevalent within secondary, as well as "cram" schools (jukus). The overcoming of these affective hindrances appeared to be requisite to becoming a "more proficient" student (as defined in this study). Finally, from a practitioner's perspective the author makes the case for positive psychology within the Japanese EFL classroom.
Published: 2021
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11. Cultivating the civic identities and agency of undergraduates at a university in the UK

Author: Von Berg, Piers
Abstract: In recent years, many universities in the UK have claimed that citizenship is a benefit of attending their institution. This is at odds with the changed landscape of higher education which incentivises students in a competitive pursuit of valued grades and experiences for CVs to attain well paid employment. This study aims to discover what form of citizenship education can help nurture civic identities and agency of students at university. There is a lack of research on how citizenship education can achieve this in the marketised environment of UK universities and as part of a teacher's professional practice at university. This study used an action research approach and an interpretive framework of analysis that drew on Friere's ideas of authentic reflection, Mezirow's theory of transformational learning and Boal's forms of Forum and Image Theatre. This involved a series of activities combining discussion of personal beliefs, norms and values, critical incidents with marginalised groups in society, and, experimentation with issues from the students own lives in Forum Theatre. The findings show the development of an inexclusive sense of community premised on solidarity. This arose from reversing processes of othering and reduced senses of loneliness at university, which created potential for collective agency. The crucial medium was experiences of empathy and compassion followed up by critical and authentic reflection in liminal spaces. This process is termed 'felt and attentive practice', a rethinking of how civic identity entwines with civic agency that produces powerful examples of deep learning of civic identity. A liminal space away from the pressures of study facilitated felt and attentive practice even though some students attended to improve their CVs. The approach trialled here offers potential for a new form of professional practice that stimulates self and social awareness, expands collective agency and aids transition to university for students.
Published: 2021

12. Femtosecond electron dynamics in hot solid-density plasmas

Author: van den Berg, Quincy Yves, Vinko, Sam, and Wark, Justin Stephen
Subjects: 530.4, X-ray spectroscopy, Laser plasmas
Abstract: X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) have shown to be an extremely versatile tool for the experimental study of warm and hot dense matter. Their femtosecond pulse length, high peak brightness and tunable wavelength open up an immense window of opportunity to study solid-density plasmas that are created in a well-controlled manner. At these high densities, the light-matter interaction can be modelled with a collisional-radiative code that describes the ion charge state populations, electron distribution function (EDF) and radiative properties. In this thesis I will outline a numerical scheme based on the inhomogeneous, isotropic Fokker-Planck equation that describes the non-equilibrium evolution of the EDF in a warm dense system. The scheme encompasses a variety of collisional and radiative interactions between electrons, ions and photons in the system and implicitly conserves density and energy. The Fokker-Planck scheme has been integrated into a non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) collisional-radiative code that computes the ion charge state populations of a warm dense system under irradiation of an XFEL. The two schemes together constitute a self-consistent method to compute the population dynamics, energy- and density balance of the combined electron and ion system. The experimental section of this thesis describes a measurement of the collisional ionisation frequencies in a solid-density magnesium plasma. These rates are of great interest as they relate to the optical and electrical properties of high energy-density materials. The experiment relies on the use of an XFEL both to produce and probe the sample, and obtain a spectroscopic measurement of the rate and plasma conditions. This is the first direct measurement of the ionisation rate in the strongly-coupled regime where the rates are significantly enhanced by density effects such as ionisation potential depression.
Published: 2021

13. Making sense of personal environmental action : a relational reframing through the study of activists' experiences

Author: van den Berg, Karijn and Kurki, Milja
Subjects: 363.7
Abstract: This thesis focuses on the analysis of "personal environmental action", by which I mean practices where individuals take, or are encouraged to take, measures to enact environmental change in their personal lives, such as their consumption, household and lifestyle choices. Academic literature presents varied understandings of such practices. While some develop frameworks that advocate forms of "green citizenship" that embody personal environmental action, others criticise such practices as "governmental" forms of individualisation and responsibilisation. This thesis argues that existing understandings would benefit from further empirical analysis, and in particular require a stronger focus on intersectional power relations involved in structuring personal environmental action. To provide such an analysis this thesis adopts a feminist political ecology framework to explore personal environmental action empirically through the perspectives of environmental activists and organisers engaged through multi-sited fieldwork undertaken at three transnational events. Engagement with activists' perspectives garners insights into how personal environmental action is perceived "on the ground" and how activists negotiate the potential and limitations of such practices. The empirical analysis of activist perspectives is then used to propose a more nuanced relational approach to conceiving of and practicing personal environmental action. Through an empirical analysis and a theoretical reformulation arising from that analysis the thesis seeks to make three contributions to knowledge. First, it explores the lacunas in existing accounts of personal environmental action, in particular the limitations in how existing literatures understand the nature and role of individual responsibility on the one hand and dynamics of power on the other. Second, it highlights empirically how individual responsibility and power dynamics play out in the practice of personal environmental action as conceived by environmental activists on the ground. Third, the thesis offers a relational conceptual reframing of personal environmental action, which allows us to both better understand empirical dynamics and to reconceptualise the practice.
Published: 2020

14. Rhetoric, ritual and reality : understanding the relationship between ex-combatants and the TRC in Sierra Leone

Author: van den Berg Bhagwandas, Sayra Adinda, Birdsall, Andrea, and Sharma, Jeevan
Subjects: 323.4, transitional justice, ex-combatants, complex identities, perpetrators, TRC, participation
Abstract: This thesis explores the relationship between ex-combatants and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Sierra Leone. It fills important empirical and conceptual lacunae in foregrounding the transitional justice experiences of ex-combatants, a population that is both necessary to, but neglected within, the broader study and practice of transitional justice. Using qualitative research methods, it develops a multi-level and nuanced understanding of the relationship between ex-combatants and the TRC. On the institutional level this thesis critically examines the rhetoric, ritual and reality of transitional justice, and of post-conflict truth commissions in particular. On the micro-level, it unearths ex-combatant expectations, experiences and impacts in relation to Sierra Leone's TRC. Along its institutional axis, a critique of the rhetoric of transitional justice addresses the normative foundations of this discourse. The dimension of ritual addresses the question of whose justice was formally captured within the TRC in Sierra Leone. The problematic binary identity model of transitional justice, that simplifies, dichotomises and pits pure victims against evil perpetrators is exposed. The reality of transitional justice empirically explores the practice of justice-seeking on the ground. This highlights the translation of the normative production, and institutional practices of, privilege, onto local transitional justice participant populations, and the deleterious effects thereof. Along its micro-level axis, this thesis develops an in-depth localised understanding of the relationship between ex-combatants and the TRC in Sierra Leone. This thesis illuminates ex-combatant expectations held towards the TRC, and in so doing reveals their justice needs. It assesses their experiences of the TRC, and in particular analyses participation deterrents. A localised framework for evaluating TRC impact is used to analyse the effects of the TRC on this population. The complex lived experiences of war, among ex-combatants, do not conform to the neat binary identity framework provided by transitional justice. Their relegation to the fringes of this discourse and practice has significant effects on the overall contributions and effectiveness of transitional justice moreover, which must break these binaries if the truth-telling, reconciliation and prevention aims of truth commissions are to be meaningfully achieved.
Published: 2020
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15. A defence of Wittgenstein's radical conventionalism

Author: Matthíasson, Ásgeir Berg, Sullivan, Peter M., and Wright, Crispin
Subjects: 510.1, Philosophy of mathematics, Rule-following paradox, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Radical conventionalism
Abstract: The first part of this thesis develops a game-theoretic solution to the rule-following paradox, based on Wittgenstein's suggestion in the Philosophical Investigations that to follow a rule is a practice. I introduce the notion of a basic constitutive practice which I argue can account for the correctness conditions of rule-following and meaning, for indefinitely many cases and without circularity, by identifying correctness with a point on a correlated equilibrium of such a practice. The solution crucially relies on, and makes precise, the Wittgensteinian concepts of training, agreement in judgement and our form of life. In the second part of the thesis, this solution to the paradox is applied to the problem of mathematical truth. I argue that the essence of Dummett's reading of Wittgenstein as a radical conventionalist is not Dummett's emphasis on decision, but rather the contrast with more moderate forms of conventionalism, whereby an unreduced notion of consequence is appealed to in order to move from stipulated truths to further, more remote truths. Instead of this picture, the radical conventionalist view holds that each truth is a direct expression of the convention and that there is no external criterion at all for the correctness of each step in a mathematical proof except our own practice. By then identifying mathematical correctness with correctness in basic constitutive practices the view is able to avoid the problems that dogged moderate forms of conventionalism, e.g. Quine's regress problem, as the game-theoretic structure of such practices is able to define correctness for indefinitely many cases without appealing to anything outside itself. Finally, I argue that thus put, common and forceful arguments against radical conventionalism can be answered and conclude that it remains a viable view in the philosophy of mathematics.
Published: 2020

16. Rhizosphere assembly alters along a chronosequence in the Hallstätter glacier forefield (Dachstein, Austria)

Author: Wicaksono, W.A., Mora, M., Bickel, S., Berg, C., Kühn, Ingolf, Cernava, T., Berg, G., Wicaksono, W.A., Mora, M., Bickel, S., Berg, C., Kühn, Ingolf, Cernava, T., and Berg, G.
Abstract: Rhizosphere microbiome assembly is essential for plant health, but the temporal dimension of this process remains unexplored. We used a chronosequence of 150 years of the retreating Hallstätter glacier (Dachstein, Austria) to disentangle this exemplarily for the rhizosphere of three pioneer alpine plants. Time of deglaciation was an important factor shaping the rhizosphere microbiome. Microbiome functions i.e., nutrient uptake and stress protection were carried out by ubiquitous and cosmopolitan bacteria. The rhizosphere succession along the chronosequence was characterized by decreasing microbial richness but increasing specificity in plant associated bacterial community. Environmental selection is a critical factor in shaping the ecosystem, particularly in terms of plant-driven recruitment from the available edaphic pool. A higher rhizosphere microbial richness during early succession compared to late succession can be explained by the occurrence of cold-acclimated bacteria recruited from the surrounding soils. These taxa might be sensitive to changing habitat conditions that occurred at the later stages. A stronger influence of the plant host on the rhizosphere microbiome assembly was observed with increased time since deglaciation. Overall, this study indicated that well-adapted, ubiquitous microbes potentially support pioneer plants to colonize new ecosystems, while plant-specific microbes may be associated with the long-term establishment of their hosts
Published: 2024

17. A global action agenda for turning the tide on fatty liver disease

Author: Lazarus, J, Mark, H, Allen, A, Arab, J, Carrieri, P, Noureddin, M, Alazawi, W, Alkhouri, N, Alqahtani, S, Anstee, Q, Arrese, M, Bataller, R, Berg, T, Brennan, P, Burra, P, Castro-Narro, G, Cortez-Pinto, H, Cusi, K, Dedes, N, Duseja, A, Francque, S, Gastaldelli, A, Hagström, H, Huang, T, Ivancovsky Wajcman, D, Kautz, A, Kopka, C, Krag, A, Newsome, P, Rinella, M, Romero, D, Sarin, S, Silva, M, Spearman, C, Terrault, N, Tsochatzis, E, Valenti, L, Villota-Rivas, M, Zelber-Sagi, S, Schattenberg, J, Wong, V, Younossi, Z, Perseghin, G, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Mark, Henry E, Allen, Alina M, Arab, Juan Pablo, Carrieri, Patrizia, Noureddin, Mazen, Alazawi, William, Alkhouri, Naim, Alqahtani, Saleh A, Anstee, Quentin M, Arrese, Marco, Bataller, Ramon, Berg, Thomas, Brennan, Paul N, Burra, Patrizia, Castro-Narro, Graciela E, Cortez-Pinto, Helena, Cusi, Kenneth, Dedes, Nikos, Duseja, Ajay, Francque, Sven M, Gastaldelli, Amalia, Hagström, Hannes, Huang, Terry T K, Ivancovsky Wajcman, Dana, Kautz, Achim, Kopka, Christopher J, Krag, Aleksander, Newsome, Philip N, Rinella, Mary E, Romero, Diana, Sarin, Shiv Kumar, Silva, Marcelo, Spearman, C Wendy, Terrault, Norah A, Tsochatzis, Emmanuel A, Valenti, Luca, Villota-Rivas, Marcela, Zelber-Sagi, Shira, Schattenberg, Jörn M, Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun, Younossi, Zobair M, Perseghin, Gianluca, Lazarus, J, Mark, H, Allen, A, Arab, J, Carrieri, P, Noureddin, M, Alazawi, W, Alkhouri, N, Alqahtani, S, Anstee, Q, Arrese, M, Bataller, R, Berg, T, Brennan, P, Burra, P, Castro-Narro, G, Cortez-Pinto, H, Cusi, K, Dedes, N, Duseja, A, Francque, S, Gastaldelli, A, Hagström, H, Huang, T, Ivancovsky Wajcman, D, Kautz, A, Kopka, C, Krag, A, Newsome, P, Rinella, M, Romero, D, Sarin, S, Silva, M, Spearman, C, Terrault, N, Tsochatzis, E, Valenti, L, Villota-Rivas, M, Zelber-Sagi, S, Schattenberg, J, Wong, V, Younossi, Z, Perseghin, G, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Mark, Henry E, Allen, Alina M, Arab, Juan Pablo, Carrieri, Patrizia, Noureddin, Mazen, Alazawi, William, Alkhouri, Naim, Alqahtani, Saleh A, Anstee, Quentin M, Arrese, Marco, Bataller, Ramon, Berg, Thomas, Brennan, Paul N, Burra, Patrizia, Castro-Narro, Graciela E, Cortez-Pinto, Helena, Cusi, Kenneth, Dedes, Nikos, Duseja, Ajay, Francque, Sven M, Gastaldelli, Amalia, Hagström, Hannes, Huang, Terry T K, Ivancovsky Wajcman, Dana, Kautz, Achim, Kopka, Christopher J, Krag, Aleksander, Newsome, Philip N, Rinella, Mary E, Romero, Diana, Sarin, Shiv Kumar, Silva, Marcelo, Spearman, C Wendy, Terrault, Norah A, Tsochatzis, Emmanuel A, Valenti, Luca, Villota-Rivas, Marcela, Zelber-Sagi, Shira, Schattenberg, Jörn M, Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun, Younossi, Zobair M, and Perseghin, Gianluca
Abstract: Background and Aims: Fatty liver disease is a major public health threat due to its very high prevalence and related morbidity and mortality. Focused and dedicated interventions are urgently needed to target disease prevention, treatment, and care. Approach and Results: We developed an aligned, prioritized action agenda for the global fatty liver disease community of practice. Following a Delphi methodology over 2 rounds, a large panel (R1 n = 344, R2 n = 288) reviewed the action priorities using Qualtrics XM, indicating agreement using a 4-point Likert-scale and providing written feedback. Priorities were revised between rounds, and in R2, panelists also ranked the priorities within 6 domains: epidemiology, treatment and care, models of care, education and awareness, patient and community perspectives, and leadership and public health policy. The consensus fatty liver disease action agenda encompasses 29 priorities. In R2, the mean percentage of “agree” responses was 82.4%, with all individual priorities having at least a super-majority of agreement (> 66.7% “agree”). The highest-ranked action priorities included collaboration between liver specialists and primary care doctors on early diagnosis, action to address the needs of people living with multiple morbidities, and the incorporation of fatty liver disease into relevant non-communicable disease strategies and guidance. Conclusions: This consensus-driven multidisciplinary fatty liver disease action agenda developed by care providers, clinical researchers, and public health and policy experts provides a path to reduce fatty liver disease prevalence and improve health outcomes. To implement this agenda, concerted efforts will be needed at the global, regional, and national levels.
Published: 2024

18. Automated pelvic MRI measurements associated with urinary incontinence for prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy

Author: Computational Imaging, MS Radiologie, MS Radiotherapie, Cancer, van den Berg, Ingeborg, Spaans, Robert N, Wessels, Frank J, van der Hoeven, Erik J R J, Nolthenius, Charlotte J Tutein, van den Bergh, Roderick C N, van der Voort van Zyp, Jochem R N, van den Berg, Cornelis A T, van Melick, Harm H E, Computational Imaging, MS Radiologie, MS Radiotherapie, Cancer, van den Berg, Ingeborg, Spaans, Robert N, Wessels, Frank J, van der Hoeven, Erik J R J, Nolthenius, Charlotte J Tutein, van den Bergh, Roderick C N, van der Voort van Zyp, Jochem R N, van den Berg, Cornelis A T, and van Melick, Harm H E
Published: 2024

19. A global initiative for ecological and evolutionary hologenomics

Author: Leonard, Aoife, Abalos, Javier, Adhola, Titus, Aguirre, Windsor, Aizpurua, Ostaizka, Ali, Shahzad, Andreone, Franco, Aubret, Fabien, Ávila-Palma, Hefer D., Alcantara, Lizbeth Fabiola Bautista, Beltrán, Juan F., Berg, Rachel, Berg, Thomas Bjørneboe, Bertolino, Sandro, Blumstein, Daniel T., Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Borowski, Zbigniew, Boubli, Jean Philippe, Büchner, Sven, Cabido, Carlos, Camacho, Carlos, Chaparro, Juan C., Charmantier, Anne, D'Elía, Guillermo, da Silva, Luis P., Dalsgaard, Bo, de Franceschi, Christophe, de la Cruz, Ferran, de la Sancha, Noé U., Denoël, Mathieu, Eisenhofer, Raphael, Feiner, Nathalie, Fernandes, Joana M., Figuerola, Jordi, Fusani, Leonida, Gangoso, Laura, García-Roa, Roberto, Gasperini, Stefania, Gaun, Nanna, Thomas, M., Gilbert, P., Gomez-Mestre, Ivan, Graves, Gary R., Groombridge, Jim J., Hardouin, Emilie A., Hernández, Mauricio, Herrera M., L. Gerardo, Hodder, Kathy, Hosner, Peter A., Hurtado, Natali, Juste, Javier, Knowles, Sarah C.L., Kohl, Kevin D., Korine, Carmi, Kornilev, Yurii V., Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Lambin, Xavier, Lattenkamp, Ella Z., Lauritsen, Jonas, Li, Guoliang, López, Celeste María, Baucells, Adrià López, Cohen, Tali Magory, Manzo, Emiliano, Marteau, Mélanie, Martin, Lynn B., Bideguren, Garazi Martin, Mazzamuto, Maria Vittoria, Monadjem, Ara, Nietlisbach, Pirmin, Øksnebjerg, Daniel Bilyeli, Packer, Jasmin G., Pepke, Michael L., Peralta-Sánchez, Juan M., Perdomo, Adrián, de Lanuza, Guillem Pérez i, Pietroni, Carlotta, Poyet, Mathilde, Rahbek, Carsten, Ramaraj, Thiruvarangan, Caldas, Yuliaxis Ramayo, Razgour, Orly, Rebelo, Hugo, Reif, Jiří, Rimbach, Rebecca, Rocha, Ricardo, Rocha, Rita G., Fernandes, Carlos Rodríguez, Romeo, Claudia, Ruuskanen, Suvi, Sakaluk, Scott K., Santicchia, Francesca, Sarraude, Tom, Sørås, Rune, Spada, Martina, Steele, Michael A., Stothart, Mason R., Sunje, Emina, Sutton, Alex O., Szulkin, Marta, Takahata, Yu, Thompson, Charles F., Thorup, Kasper, Tomazetto, Geizecler, Torrent, Laura, Toshkova, Nia, Tranquillo, Claudia, Turcios-Casco, Manfredo Alejandro, Uller, Tobias, van Riemsdijk, Isolde, Velo-Antón, Guillermo, Verbeylen, Goedele, Videvall, Elin, Voigt, Christian C., Wauters, Lucas A., Wellenreuther, Maren, Yanchukov, Alexey, Alberdi, Antton, Leonard, Aoife, Abalos, Javier, Adhola, Titus, Aguirre, Windsor, Aizpurua, Ostaizka, Ali, Shahzad, Andreone, Franco, Aubret, Fabien, Ávila-Palma, Hefer D., Alcantara, Lizbeth Fabiola Bautista, Beltrán, Juan F., Berg, Rachel, Berg, Thomas Bjørneboe, Bertolino, Sandro, Blumstein, Daniel T., Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Borowski, Zbigniew, Boubli, Jean Philippe, Büchner, Sven, Cabido, Carlos, Camacho, Carlos, Chaparro, Juan C., Charmantier, Anne, D'Elía, Guillermo, da Silva, Luis P., Dalsgaard, Bo, de Franceschi, Christophe, de la Cruz, Ferran, de la Sancha, Noé U., Denoël, Mathieu, Eisenhofer, Raphael, Feiner, Nathalie, Fernandes, Joana M., Figuerola, Jordi, Fusani, Leonida, Gangoso, Laura, García-Roa, Roberto, Gasperini, Stefania, Gaun, Nanna, Thomas, M., Gilbert, P., Gomez-Mestre, Ivan, Graves, Gary R., Groombridge, Jim J., Hardouin, Emilie A., Hernández, Mauricio, Herrera M., L. Gerardo, Hodder, Kathy, Hosner, Peter A., Hurtado, Natali, Juste, Javier, Knowles, Sarah C.L., Kohl, Kevin D., Korine, Carmi, Kornilev, Yurii V., Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Lambin, Xavier, Lattenkamp, Ella Z., Lauritsen, Jonas, Li, Guoliang, López, Celeste María, Baucells, Adrià López, Cohen, Tali Magory, Manzo, Emiliano, Marteau, Mélanie, Martin, Lynn B., Bideguren, Garazi Martin, Mazzamuto, Maria Vittoria, Monadjem, Ara, Nietlisbach, Pirmin, Øksnebjerg, Daniel Bilyeli, Packer, Jasmin G., Pepke, Michael L., Peralta-Sánchez, Juan M., Perdomo, Adrián, de Lanuza, Guillem Pérez i, Pietroni, Carlotta, Poyet, Mathilde, Rahbek, Carsten, Ramaraj, Thiruvarangan, Caldas, Yuliaxis Ramayo, Razgour, Orly, Rebelo, Hugo, Reif, Jiří, Rimbach, Rebecca, Rocha, Ricardo, Rocha, Rita G., Fernandes, Carlos Rodríguez, Romeo, Claudia, Ruuskanen, Suvi, Sakaluk, Scott K., Santicchia, Francesca, Sarraude, Tom, Sørås, Rune, Spada, Martina, Steele, Michael A., Stothart, Mason R., Sunje, Emina, Sutton, Alex O., Szulkin, Marta, Takahata, Yu, Thompson, Charles F., Thorup, Kasper, Tomazetto, Geizecler, Torrent, Laura, Toshkova, Nia, Tranquillo, Claudia, Turcios-Casco, Manfredo Alejandro, Uller, Tobias, van Riemsdijk, Isolde, Velo-Antón, Guillermo, Verbeylen, Goedele, Videvall, Elin, Voigt, Christian C., Wauters, Lucas A., Wellenreuther, Maren, Yanchukov, Alexey, and Alberdi, Antton
Abstract: The Earth Hologenome Initiative (EHI) is a global collaboration to generate and analyse hologenomic data from wild animals and associated microorganisms using standardised methodologies underpinned by open and inclusive research principles. Initially focused on vertebrates, it aims to re-examine ecological and evolutionary questions by studying host–microbiota interactions from a systemic perspective.
Published: 2024

20. Trends in mortality in people with HIV from 1999 to 2020: a multi-cohort collaboration

Author: Tusch, E, Ryom, L, Pelchen-Matthews, A, Mocroft, A, Elbirt, D, Oprea, C, Günthard, H, Staehelin, C, Zangerle, R, Suarez, I, Vehreschild, J, Wit, F, Menozzi, M, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Spagnuolo, V, Pradier, C, Carlander, C, Suanzes, P, Wasmuth, J, Carr, A, Petoumenos, K, Borgans, F, Bonnet, F, De Wit, S, El-Sadr, W, Neesgaard, B, Jaschinski, N, Greenberg, L, Hosein, S, Gallant, J, Vannappagari, V, Young, L, Sabin, C, Lundgren, J, Peters, L, Reekie, J, Calvo, G, Dabis, F, Kirk, O, Law, M, Monforte, A, Morfeldt, L, Reiss, P, Weber, R, Lind-Thomsen, A, Brandt, R, Hillebreght, M, Zaheri, S, Scherrer, A, Schöni-Affolter, F, Rickenbach, M, Tavelli, A, Fanti, I, Leleux, O, Mourali, J, Marec, F, Boerg, E, Thulin, E, Sundström, A, Bartsch, G, Thompsen, G, Necsoi, C, Delforge, M, Fontas, E, Caissotti, C, Dollet, K, Mateu, S, Torres, F, Blance, A, Huang, R, Puhr, R, Laut, K, Kristensen, D, Phillips, A, Kamara, D, Smith, C, Hatleberg, C, Raben, D, Matthews, C, Bojesen, A, Grevsen, A, Powderly, B, Shortman, N, Moecklinghoff, C, Reilly, G, Franquet, X, Smit, C, Ross, M, Fux, C, Morlat, P, Friis-Møller, N, Kowalska, J, Bohlius, J, Bower, M, Fätkenheuer, G, Grulich, A, Sjøl, A, Meidahl, P, Iversen, J, Reiss, C, Hillebregt, M, Prins, J, Kuijpers, T, Scherpbier, H, van der Meer, J, Godfried, M, van der Poll, T, Nellen, F, Geerlings, S, van Vugt, M, Pajkrt, D, Bos, J, Wiersinga, W, van der Valk, M, Goorhuis, A, Hovius, J, van Eden, J, Henderiks, A, van Hes, A, Mutschelknauss, M, Nobel, H, Pijnappel, F, Jurriaans, S, Back, N, Zaaijer, H, Berkhout, B, Cornelissen, M, Schinkel, C, Thomas, X, Ziekenhuis, A, van den Berge, M, Stegeman, A, Baas, S, de Looff, L, Versteeg, D, Ziekenhuis, C, Pronk, M, Ammerlaan, H, De Munnik, E, Jansz, A, Tjhie, J, Wegdam, M, Deiman, B, Scharnhorst, V, van der Plas, A, Weijsenfeld, A, van der Ende, M, De Vries-Sluijs, T, van Gorp, E, Schurink, C, Nouwen, J, Verbon, A, Rijnders, B, Bax, H, van der Feltz, M, Bassant, N, van Beek, J, Vriesde, M, van Zonneveld, L, de Oude-Lubbers, A, van den Berg-Cameron, H, Bruinsma-Broekman, F, de Groot, J, de Man, M, Boucher, C, Koopmans, M, van Kampen, J, Pas, S, Mc–sophia, E, Driessen, G, van Rossum, A, van der Knaap, L, Visser, E, Branger, J, Rijkeboer-Mes, A, de Ven, C, Ziekenhuis, H, Schippers, E, van Nieuwkoop, C, van IJperen, J, Geilings, J, van der Hut, G, Franck, P, van Eeden, A, Brokking, W, Groot, M, Elsenburg, L, Damen, M, Kwa, I, Groeneveld, P, Bouwhuis, J, van den Berg, J, van Hulzen, A, van der Bliek, G, Bor, P, Bloembergen, P, Wolfhagen, M, Ruijs, G, Kroon, F, de Boer, M, Bauer, M, Jolink, H, Vollaard, A, Dorama, W, van Holten, N, Claas, E, Wessels, E, den Hollander, J, Pogany, K, Roukens, A, Kastelijns, M, Smit, J, Smit, E, Struik-Kalkman, D, Tearno, C, Bezemer, M, van Niekerk, T, Pontesilli, O, Lowe, S, Lashof, A, Posthouwer, D, Ackens, R, Schippers, J, Vergoossen, R, Weijenberg-Maes, B, van Loo, I, Havenith, T, Leyten, E, Gelinck, L, van Hartingsveld, A, Meerkerk, C, Wildenbeest, G, Mutsaers, J, Jansen, C, Mulder, J, Vrouenraets, S, Lauw, F, van Broekhuizen, M, Paap, H, Vlasblom, D, Smits, P, Zuiderzee, M, Weijer, S, El Moussaoui, R, Bosma, A, van Vonderen, M, van Houte, D, Kampschreur, L, Dijkstra, K, Faber, S, Weel, J, Kootstra, G, Delsing, C, van der Burg-van de Plas, M, Heins, H, Lucas, E, Kortmann, W, van Twillert, G, Stuart, J, Diederen, B, Pronk, D, van Truijen-Oud, F, van der Reijden, W, Jansen, R, Brinkman, K, van den Berk, G, Blok, W, Frissen, P, Lettinga, K, Schouten, W, Veenstra, J, Brouwer, C, Geerders, G, Hoeksema, K, Kleene, M, van der Meché, I, Spelbrink, M, Sulman, H, Toonen, A, Wijnands, S, Kwa, D, Witte, E, Koopmans, P, Keuter, M, van der Ven, A, ter Hofstede, H, Dofferhoff, A, van Crevel, R, Albers, M, Bosch, M, Grintjes-Huisman, K, Zomer, B, Stelma, F, Rahamat-Langendoen, J, Burger, D, Richter, C, Gisolf, E, Hassing, R, ter Beest, G, van Bentum, P, Langebeek, N, Tiemessen, R, Swanink, C, van Lelyveld, S, Soetekouw, R, Hulshoff, N, van der Prijt, L, van der Swaluw, J, Bermon, N, Herpers, B, Veenendaal, D, Verhagen, D, van Wijk, M, Ziekenhuis, S, van Kasteren, M, Brouwer, A, de Wiel, B, Kuipers, M, Santegoets, R, van der Ven, B, Marcelis, J, Buiting, A, Kabel, P, Bierman, W, Scholvinck, H, Wilting, K, Stienstra, Y, Jonge, H, van der Meulen, P, de Weerd, D, Ludwig-Roukema, J, Niesters, H, Riezebos-Brilman, A, van Leer-Buter, C, Knoester, M, Hoepelman, A, Mudrikova, T, Ellerbroek, P, Oosterheert, J, Arends, J, Barth, R, Wassenberg, M, Schadd, E, van Elst-Laurijssen, D, van Oers-Hazelzet, E, Vervoort, S, van Berkel, M, Schuurman, R, Verduyn-Lunel, F, Wensing, A, Peters, E, van Agtmael, M, Bomers, M, de Vocht, J, Heitmuller, M, Laan, L, Pettersson, A, Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C, Ang, C, Kinderziekenhuis, W, Geelen, S, Wolfs, T, Bont, L, Nauta, N, Bezemer, D, van Sighem, A, Boender, T, de Jong, A, Bergsma, D, Hoekstra, P, de Lang, A, Grivell, S, Jansen, A, Rademaker, M, Raethke, M, Meijering, R, Schnörr, S, de Groot, L, van den Akker, M, Bakker, Y, Claessen, E, El Berkaoui, A, Koops, J, Kruijne, E, Lodewijk, C, Munjishvili, L, Peeck, B, Ree, C, Regtop, R, Ruijs, Y, Rutkens, T, van de Sande, L, Schoorl, M, Timmerman, A, Tuijn, E, Veenenberg, L, van der Vliet, S, Wisse, A, Woudstra, T, Tuk, B, Dupon, M, Gaborieau, V, Lacoste, D, Malvy, D, Mercié, P, Neau, D, Pellegrin, J, Tchamgoué, S, Lazaro, E, Cazanave, C, Vandenhende, M, Vareil, M, Gérard, Y, Blanco, P, Bouchet, S, Breilh, D, Fleury, H, Pellegrin, I, Chêne, G, Thiébaut, R, Wittkop, L, Lawson-Ayayi, S, Gimbert, A, Desjardin, S, Lacaze-Buzy, L, Petrov-Sanchez, V, André, K, Bernard, N, Caubet, O, Caunegre, L, Chossat, I, Courtault, C, Dauchy, F, De Witte, S, Dondia, D, Duffau, P, Dutronc, H, Farbos, S, Faure, I, Ferrand, H, Gerard, Y, Greib, C, Hessamfar, M, Imbert, Y, Lataste, P, Marie, J, Mechain, M, Monlun, E, Ochoa, A, Pistone, T, Raymond, I, Receveur, M, Rispal, P, Sorin, L, Valette, C, Viallard, J, Wille, H, Wirth, G, Lafon, M, Trimoulet, P, Bellecave, P, Tumiotto, C, Haramburu, F, Miremeont-Salamé, G, Blaizeau, M, Decoin, M, Hannapier, C, Lenaud, E, Pougetoux, A, Delveaux, S, D’Ivernois, C, Diarra, F, Uwamaliya-Nziyumvira, B, Palmer, G, Conte, V, Sapparrart, V, Law, C, Moore, R, Edwards, S, Hoy, J, Watson, K, Roth, N, Lau, H, Bloch, M, Baker, D, Cooper, D, O’Sullivan, M, Nolan, D, Guelfi, G, Calvo, C, Domingo, P, Sambeat, M, Gatell, J, Del Cacho, E, Cadafalch, J, Fuster, M, Codina, C, Sirera, G, Vaqué, A, Clumeck, N, Gennotte, A, Gerard, M, Kabeya, K, Konopnicki, D, Libois, A, Martin, C, Payen, M, Semaille, P, Van Laethem, Y, Neaton, C, Krum, E, Thompson, G, Wentworth, D, Luskin-Hawk, R, Telzak, E, Abrams, D, Cohn, D, Markowitz, N, Arduino, R, Mushatt, D, Friedland, G, Perez, G, Tedaldi, E, Fisher, E, Gordin, F, Crane, L, Sampson, J, Baxter, J, Gazzard, B, Horban, A, Karpov, I, Losso, M, Pedersen, C, Ristola, M, Rockstroh, J, Fischer, A, Larsen, J, Podlekareva, D, Cozzi-Lepri, A, Shepherd, L, Schultze, A, Amele, S, Kundro, M, Schmied, B, Wien, P, Vassilenko, A, Mitsura, V, Paduto, D, Florence, E, Vandekerckhove, L, Hadziosmanovic, V, Begovac, J, Machala, L, Jilich, D, Sedlacek, D, Kronborg, G, Benfield, T, Gerstoft, J, Katzenstein, T, Møller, N, Ostergaard, L, Wiese, L, Nielsen, L, Zilmer, K, Smidt, J, Siseklinik, N, Aho, I, Viard, J, Duvivier, C, Schmidt, R, Degen, O, Stellbrink, H, Stefan, C, Goethe, J, Bogner, J, Chkhartishvili, N, Gargalianos, P, Xylomenos, G, Armenis, K, Sambatakou, H, Szlávik, J, Gottfredsson, M, Mulcahy, F, Yust, I, Turner, D, Burke, M, Shahar, E, Hassoun, G, Elinav, H, Haouzi, M, Sthoeger, Z, Esposito, R, Mazeu, I, Mussini, C, Mazzotta, F, Gabbuti, A, Annunziata, O, Vullo, V, Lichtner, M, Zaccarelli, M, Antinori, A, Acinapura, R, Plazzi, M, Lazzarin, A, Castagna, A, Gianotti, N, Galli, M, Ridolfo, A, Rozentale, B, Uzdaviniene, V, Matulionyte, R, Staub, T, Hemmer, R, Ormaasen, V, Maeland, A, Bruun, J, Knysz, B, Gasiorowski, J, Inglot, M, Bakowska, E, Flisiak, R, Grzeszczuk, A, Parczewski, M, Maciejewska, K, Aksak-Was, B, Beniowski, M, Mularska, E, Smiatacz, T, Gensing, M, Jablonowska, E, Malolepsza, E, Wojcik, K, Mozer-Lisewska, I, Caldeira, L, Mansinho, K, Maltez, F, Radoi, R, Panteleev, A, Panteleev, O, Yakovlev, A, Trofimora, T, Khromova, I, Kuzovatova, E, Blokhina, I, Novogrod, N, Borodulina, E, Vdoushkina, E, Jevtovic, D, Tomazic, J, Miró, J, Moreno, S, Rodriguez, J, Clotet, B, Jou, A, Paredes, R, Tural, C, Puig, J, Bravo, I, Gutierrez, M, Mateo, G, Laporte, J, Sonnerborg, A, Brännström, I, Flamholc, L, Cavassini, M, Calmy, A, Furrer, H, Battegay, M, Schmid, P, Kuznetsova, A, Kyselyova, G, Sluzhynska, M, Johnson, A, Simons, E, Johnson, M, Orkin, C, Weber, J, Scullard, G, Clarke, A, Leen, C, Morfeldt, C, Thulin, G, Åkerlund, B, Koppel, K, Karlsson, A, Håkangård, C, Castelli, F, Cauda, R, Perri, G, Iardino, R, Ippolito, G, Marchetti, G, Perno, C, von Schloesser, F, Viale, P, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Girardi, E, Caputo, S, Puoti, M, 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Aksak-Was, B, Beniowski, M, Mularska, E, Smiatacz, T, Gensing, M, Jablonowska, E, Malolepsza, E, Wojcik, K, Mozer-Lisewska, I, Caldeira, L, Mansinho, K, Maltez, F, Radoi, R, Panteleev, A, Panteleev, O, Yakovlev, A, Trofimora, T, Khromova, I, Kuzovatova, E, Blokhina, I, Novogrod, N, Borodulina, E, Vdoushkina, E, Jevtovic, D, Tomazic, J, Miró, J, Moreno, S, Rodriguez, J, Clotet, B, Jou, A, Paredes, R, Tural, C, Puig, J, Bravo, I, Gutierrez, M, Mateo, G, Laporte, J, Sonnerborg, A, Brännström, I, Flamholc, L, Cavassini, M, Calmy, A, Furrer, H, Battegay, M, Schmid, P, Kuznetsova, A, Kyselyova, G, Sluzhynska, M, Johnson, A, Simons, E, Johnson, M, Orkin, C, Weber, J, Scullard, G, Clarke, A, Leen, C, Morfeldt, C, Thulin, G, Åkerlund, B, Koppel, K, Karlsson, A, Håkangård, C, Castelli, F, Cauda, R, Perri, G, Iardino, R, Ippolito, G, Marchetti, G, Perno, C, von Schloesser, F, Viale, P, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Girardi, E, Caputo, S, Puoti, M, Andreoni, M, Ammassari, A, Balotta, C, Bandera, A, Bonfanti, P, Bonora, S, Borderi, M, Calcagno, A, Calza, L, Capobianchi, M, Cingolani, A, Cinque, P, De Luca, A, Biagio, A, Gori, A, Guaraldi, G, Lapadula, G, Madeddu, G, Maggiolo, F, Marcotullio, S, Monno, L, Nozza, S, Roldan, E, Rossotti, R, Rusconi, S, Santoro, M, Saracino, A, Galli, L, Lorenzini, P, Rodano, A, Shanyinde, M, Carletti, F, Carrara, S, Caro, A, Graziano, S, Petrone, F, Prota, G, Quartu, S, Truffa, S, Giacometti, A, Costantini, A, Barocci, V, Angarano, G, Santoro, C, Suardi, C, Donati, V, Verucchi, G, Minardi, C, Quirino, T, Abeli, C, Manconi, P, Piano, P, Cacopardo, B, Celesia, B, Vecchiet, J, Falasca, K, Pan, A, Lorenzotti, S, Sighinolfi, L, Segala, D, Vichi, F, Cassola, G, Viscoli, C, Alessandrini, A, Bobbio, N, Mazzarello, G, Mastroianni, C, Belvisi, V, Caramma, I, Chiodera, A, Milini, P, Rizzardini, G, Moioli, M, Piolini, R, Salpietro, S, Tincati, C, Puzzolante, C, Abrescia, N, Chirianni, A, Borgia, G, Orlando, R, Bonadies, G, Martino, F, Gentile, I, Maddaloni, L, Cattelan, A, Marinello, S, Cascio, A, Colomba, C, Baldelli, F, Schiaroli, E, Parruti, G, Sozio, F, Magnani, G, Ursitti, M, Cristaudo, A, Baldin, G, Capozzi, M, Cicalini, S, Sulekova, L, Iaiani, G, Latini, A, Mastrorosa, I, Savinelli, S, Vergori, A, Cecchetto, M, Viviani, F, Bagella, P, Rossetti, B, Franco, A, Del Vecchio, R, Francisci, D, Giuli, C, Caramello, P, Orofino, G, Sciandra, M, Bassetti, M, Londero, A, Pellizzer, G, Manfrin, V, Starnini, G, Ialungo, A, Central, C, Dellamonica, P, Bernard, E, Courjon, J, Cua, E, De Salvador-Guillouet, F, Durant, J, Etienne, C, Ferrando, S, Mondain-Miton, V, Naqvi, A, Perbost, I, Pillet, S, Prouvost-Keller, B, Pugliese, P, Rio, V, Risso, K, Roger, P, Aubert, V, Bernasconi, E, Böni, J, Braun, D, Bucher, H, Ciuffi, A, Dollenmaier, G, Egger, M, Elzi, L, Fehr, J, Fellay, J, Haerry, D, Hasse, B, Hirsch, H, Hoffmann, M, Hösli, I, Kahlert, C, Kaiser, L, Keiser, O, Klimkait, T, Kouyos, R, Kovari, H, Ledergerber, B, Martinetti, G, de Tejada, B, Marzolini, C, Metzner, K, Müller, N, Nicca, D, Pantaleo, G, Paioni, P, Rauch, A, Rudin, C, Speck, R, Stöckle, M, Tarr, P, Trkola, A, Vernazza, P, Wandeler, G, Yerly, S, Valk, M, Hutchinson, J, Rupasinghe, D, Han, W, Appoyer, H, Vera, J, Broster, B, Barbour, L, Carney, D, Greenland, L, Coughlan, R, Saint-Pierre, C, Stephan, C, Bucht, M, Chokoshvili, O, Borghi, V, Casabona, J, Miro, J, Lampe, F, Burns, F, Chaloner, C, Muccini, C, Lolatto, R, Sönnerborg, A, Nowak, P, Vesterbacka, J, Mattsson, L, Carrick, D, Stigsäter, K, Kusejko, K, Schulze, N, Franke, B, Rooney, J, Mcnicholl, I, Garges, H, Campo, R, Volny-Anne, A, Dedes, N, Williams, E, Bruguera, A, Volny-Anne, R, Mendão, L, Timiryasova, A, Fursa, O, Jakobsen, M, Kraef, C, Gardizi, M, Andersen, K, Kumar, L, Elsing, T, Shahi, S, Valdenmaiier, O, Bansi-Matharu, L, Byonanebye, D, Bannister, W, Roen, A, Null, N, Tusch, Erich, Ryom, Lene, Pelchen-Matthews, Annegret, Mocroft, Amanda, Elbirt, Daniel, Oprea, Cristiana, Günthard, Huldrych F, Staehelin, Cornelia, Zangerle, Robert, Suarez, Isabelle, Vehreschild, Jörg Janne, Wit, Ferdinand, Menozzi, Marianna, d'Arminio Monforte, Antonella, Spagnuolo, Vincenzo, Pradier, Christian, Carlander, Christina, Suanzes, Paula, Wasmuth, Jan-Christian, Carr, Andrew, Petoumenos, Kathy, Borgans, Frauke, Bonnet, Fabrice, De Wit, Stephane, El-Sadr, Wafaa, Neesgaard, Bastian, Jaschinski, Nadine, Greenberg, Lauren, Hosein, Sean R, Gallant, Joel, Vannappagari, Vani, Young, Lital, Sabin, Caroline, Lundgren, Jens, Peters, Lars, Reekie, Joanne, Monforte, A d’Arminio, Brandt, R Salbøl, Wit, F W N M, Marec, F Le, Laut, K Grønborg, Sabin, C A, Phillips, A N, Kamara, D A, Smith, C J, Hatleberg, C I, Brandt, R S, Grevsen, A L, Lundgren, J D, Fux, C A, Monforte, A d'Arminio, Iversen, J S, Reiss, Central P, Prins, J M, Kuijpers, T W, Scherpbier, H J, van der Meer, J T M, Godfried, M H, Nellen, F J B, Geerlings, S E, Bos, J C, Wiersinga, W J, Hovius, J W, van Hes, A M H, Nobel, H E, Pijnappel, F J J, Back, N K T, Zaaijer, H L, Cornelissen, M T E, Schinkel, C J, Thomas, X V, Ziekenhuis, Admiraal De Ruyter, de Looff, L Hage, Ziekenhuis, Catharina, Pronk, M J H, Ammerlaan, H S M, De Munnik, E S, Jansz, A R, Wegdam, M C A, Weijsenfeld, A M, van der Ende, M E, De Vries-Sluijs, T E M S, van Gorp, E C M, Schurink, C A M, Nouwen, J L, Rijnders, B J A, Bax, H I, van Beek, J E A, van Zonneveld, L M, van den Berg-Cameron, H J, Bruinsma-Broekman, F B, de Man, M de Zeeuw, Boucher, C A B, Koopmans, M P G, van Kampen, J J A, Pas, S D, MC–Sophia, Erasmus, Driessen, G J A, van Rossum, A M C, van der Knaap, L C, de Ven, C J H M Duijf-van, Ziekenhuis, Haga, Schippers, E F, van IJperen, J M, Franck, P F H, Elsenburg, L J M, Kwa, I S, Groeneveld, P H P, Bouwhuis, J W, van den Berg, J F, van Hulzen, A G W, van der Bliek, G L, Bor, P C J, Wolfhagen, M J H M, Ruijs, G J H M, Kroon, F P, de Boer, M G J, Bauer, M P, Vollaard, A M, Claas, E C J, den Hollander, J G, Smit, J V, Lowe, S H, Lashof, A M L Oude, Ackens, R P, van Loo, I H M, Havenith, T R A, Leyten, E M S, Gelinck, L B S, Wildenbeest, G S, Mutsaers, J A E M, Jansen, C L, Mulder, J W, Vrouenraets, S M E, Lauw, F N, van Broekhuizen, M C, Vlasblom, D J, Smits, P H M, Zuiderzee, M C, Bosma, A S, van Vonderen, M G A, van Houte, D P F, Kampschreur, L M, Kootstra, G J, Delsing, C E, Stuart, J W T Cohen, Diederen, B M W, van Truijen-Oud, F A, van der Reijden, W A, van den Berk, G E L, Blok, W L, Frissen, P H J, Lettinga, K D, Schouten, W E M, Brouwer, C J, Geerders, G F, Kleene, M J, van der Meché, I B, Toonen, A J M, Koopmans, P P, van der Ven, A J A M, ter Hofstede, H J M, Dofferhoff, A S M, Bosch, M E W, Grintjes-Huisman, K J T, Zomer, B J, Stelma, F F, Gisolf, E H, Hassing, R J, van Bentum, P H M, Swanink, C M A, van Lelyveld, S F L, van der Prijt, L M M, Herpers, B L, Verhagen, D W M, Ziekenhuis, St Elisabeth, van Kasteren, M E E, Brouwer, A E, de Wiel, B A F M de Kruijf-van, Santegoets, R M W J, Marcelis, J H, Buiting, A G M, Kabel, P J, Bierman, W F W, Wilting, K R, Jonge, H de Groot-de, van der Meulen, P A, de Weerd, D A, Niesters, H G M, van Leer-Buter, C C, Hoepelman, A I M, Ellerbroek, P M, Oosterheert, J J, Arends, J E, Barth, R E, Wassenberg, M W M, Schadd, E M, van Elst-Laurijssen, D H M, van Oers-Hazelzet, E E B, Wensing, A M J, Peters, E J G, van Agtmael, M A, Laan, L M, Pettersson, A M, Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C M J E, Ang, C W, Kinderziekenhuis, Wilhelmina, Geelen, S P M, Wolfs, T F W, Bont, L J, Bezemer, D O, van Sighem, A I, Boender, T S, Rademaker, M J, Pellegrin, J L, Vareil, M O, Dauchy, F A, Receveur, M C, Vandenhende, M A, Viallard, J F, Lafon, Me, Blaizeau, M J, Boerg, Eloïse, Law, Central M, Calvo, Central G, Sambeat, M A, Gennotte, A F, Payen, M C, Neaton, Central J, El-Sadr, W M, Abrams, D I, Crane, L R, Fischer, A H, Larsen, J F, Wien, Pulmologisches Zentrum der Stadt, Mitsura, V M, Møller, N F, Nielsen, L N, Smidt, Jelena, Siseklinik, Nakkusosakond, Viard, J-P, Stellbrink, H J, Goethe, J W, Sthoeger, Z M, Monforte, A D’Arminio, Annunziata, Ospedale S Maria, Blokhina, I N, Novogrod, Nizhny, Gatell, J M, Miró, J M, Rodriguez, J M, Laporte, J M, Johnson, A M, Johnson, M A, Morfeldt, Central L, Perri, G Di, Marchetti, G C, Perno, C F, Caputo, S Lo, Capobianchi, M R, Biagio, A Di, Roldan, E Quiros, Santoro, M M, Caro, A Di, Manconi, P E, Moioli, M C, Ridolfo, A L, Martino, F Di, Cattelan, A M, Ursitti, M A, Sulekova, L Fontanelli, Plazzi, M M, Del Vecchio, R Fontana, Giuli, C Di, Orofino, G C, Roger, P M, Braun, D L, Bucher, H C, Günthard, H F, Hirsch, H H, Kouyos, R D, de Tejada, B Martinez, Metzner, K J, Scherrer, A U, Valk, Marc vd, Han, W Min, Saint-Pierre, C H U, Miro, J M, Wasmuth, J C, Vehreschild, J J, McNicholl, I, Williams, E D, Volny-Anne, R Campo Alain, Dedes, Nikos, Mendão, Luis, Jakobsen, M L, Kumar, L Ramesh, Elsing, T W, and null, null
Abstract: Background: Mortality among people with HIV declined with the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy. We investigated trends over time in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in people with HIV from 1999-2020. Methods: Data were collected from the D:A:D cohort from 1999 through January 2015 and RESPOND from October 2017 through 2020. Age-standardized all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates, classified using Coding Causes of Death in HIV (CoDe), were calculated. Poisson regression models were used to assess mortality trends over time. Results: Among 55716 participants followed for a median of 6 years (IQR 3-11), 5263 participants died (crude mortality rate [MR] 13.7/1000 PYFU; 95%CI 13.4-14.1). Changing patterns of mortality were observed with AIDS as the most common cause of death between 1999- 2009 (n = 952, MR 4.2/1000 PYFU; 95%CI 4.0-4.5) and non-AIDS defining malignancy (NADM) from 2010 -2020 (n = 444, MR 2.8/1000 PYFU; 95%CI 2.5-3.1). In multivariable analysis, all-cause mortality declined over time (adjusted mortality rate ratio [aMRR] 0.97 per year; 95%CI 0.96, 0.98), mostly from 1999 through 2010 (aMRR 0.96 per year; 95%CI 0.95-0.97), and with no decline shown from 2011 through 2020 (aMRR 1·00 per year; 95%CI 0·96-1·05). Mortality due all known causes except NADM also declined over the entire follow-up period. Conclusion: Mortality among people with HIV in the D:A:D and/or RESPOND cohorts decreased between 1999 and 2009 and was stable over the period from 2010 through 2020. The decline in mortality rates was not fully explained by improvements in immunologic-virologic status or other risk factors.
Published: 2024

21. Conservativity of Type Theory over Higher-Order Arithmetic

Author: Daniël Otten and Benno van den Berg, Otten, Daniël, van den Berg, Benno, Daniël Otten and Benno van den Berg, Otten, Daniël, and van den Berg, Benno
Abstract: We investigate how much type theory can prove about the natural numbers. A classical result in this area shows that dependent type theory without any universes is conservative over Heyting Arithmetic (HA). We build on this result by showing that type theories with one level of impredicative universes are conservative over Higher-order Heyting Arithmetic (HAH). This result clearly depends on the specific type theory in question, however, we show that the interpretation of logic also plays a major role. For proof-irrelevant interpretations, we will see that strong versions of type theory prove exactly the same higher-order arithmetical formulas as HAH. Conversely, for proof-relevant interpretations, they prove different second-order arithmetical formulas than HAH, while still proving exactly the same first-order arithmetical formulas. Along the way, we investigate the various interpretations of logic in type theory, and to what extent dependent type theories can be seen as extensions of higher-order logic. We apply our results by proving a De Jongh’s theorem for type theory.
Published: 2024
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22. Jewish Theatre Making in Mantua, 1520-1650

Author: Jaffe-Berg, Erith
Published: 2022
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23. Can courage be a modern virtue? : seeking insight in Tocqueville, Mill, and Arendt

Author: Berg, Ryan Christopher and Bejan, Teresa M.
Subjects: 320.01, Political Theory, History of Political Thought
Abstract: This dissertation examines the role of political virtues in modern contexts, and in particular, the role of courage as a potential modern political virtue. Despite frequent commentary on the importance of virtues, many political theorists have exhibited a strange reluctance to discuss the virtue of courage, at least in the sort of depth that it merits. This thesis puts forward the suggestion that courage is one of the most important modern political virtues and one ripe for rediscovery by political theorists and historians of political thought alike. Following the Ancient Greeks, the dissertation defines courage as the virtue which aids us in the proper assessment of threats and, where appropriate, the overcoming of fear in the service of causes we deem worthy, while emphasizing the contexts in which it is deployed. The dissertation also seeks to outline several reasons for the seemingly problematic relationship courage has with modernity, given its historical nexus with war and conquest, the striving for difference and distinction, and exclusionary notions of masculinity. The dissertation moves on to examine the role of courage in the thought of three thinkers-Tocqueville, Mill, and Arendt-all of whom have their doubts about the existence of courage in the modern world. Chapter 2 examines the role of courage in Tocqueville's early modern America, swept up in Americans' economic pursuits and captured by the soothing nature of consumer appetites. Chapter 3 examines the role of courage in Mill's thought, arguing that Mill's liberalism inherits many of the driving political and social concerns illuminated by Tocqueville, his friend and correspondent; however, Mill's advocacy for a politics free from the crushing weight of inherited dogmas and traditions leads him to fall into the modern trap of jettisoning courage, even as his politics makes abundantly clear the need for it. Chapter 4 turns to Arendt's skepticism that courage can ever exist in the modern world short of a fundamental act of recovery from the ancients, with a concomitant willingness to accept all of the problematic elements of courage as practiced by the Greeks. The dissertation concludes by stating that newer schools of thought on virtue, like liberal virtue theorists, have neglected the virtue of courage, which must be considered a modern political virtue, as there has been a proliferation of modern political contexts in which it is absolutely critical that we muster nothing short of courage. Courage is presented as a potential solution to the modern challenges facing liberalism from within, such as safe spaces, political correctness, no platforming, and trigger warnings, amongst others.
Published: 2018

24. Creating a man, a mouse or a monster? : masculinity as formulated by Syrian female novelists through the second half of the 20th century

Author: Berg, Lovisa Ulrika, Pak-Shiraz, Nacim, and Pierret, Thomas
Subjects: 892.7, female-authored novel, Syria, masculinity, stereotypes, gender roles, male voice, first person narrators, changing social ideals
Abstract: This literary study examines the formulation of masculinity in Syrian novels authored by women. The thesis covers the period between 1959 and 2000, corresponding to both the development of the female-authored novel in Syria and the creation of the modern Syrian state. This research engages with studies of masculinity in general and literary masculinity studies in particular. Drawing on the seminal work of Raewyn Connell as well as engaging with studies on masculinity and feminine narratology in Swedish, English and Arabic, the thesis analyses the formulation of literary masculinity through the fictional societies’ ideal masculinity on the one hand, and the female characters’ views and reactions to masculinity on the other. From a general survey of the field, 34 novels undertaking the formulation of gendered relations were identified and chosen for this study. From this selection, five themes emerged, forming the foundation of this thesis’ main chapters. The five themes explore, in turn, how stereotypes are utilised to critique gender roles, ways in which male and female characters collaborate to formulate gender norms, how female characters capitalise on patriarchy in order to enhance their lives, male characters as symbols for social and political change and finally, the difficulties included in the performance of masculinity. Each theme is exemplified through one novel, which is analysed in detail. Throughout the five chapters, the main novel chosen for analysis is put into conversation with other novels with similar themes but from different decades. This allows for an examination of changing ideals of masculinity in addition to the theme itself. The first theme, how stereotypes are utilised to critique gender roles, is studied through a close reading of al-Ẓahr al-‘ārī (The Naked back) by Hanrīyit ‘Abbūdī. The analysis illustrates how the expected normative behaviour of men and women is utilised in order to comment on the formulation of gender roles. The chapter further demonstrates ways in which what is seen as gender specific behaviour can be appropriated by the opposite gender. This is further developed through the examination of female writers taking over the male voice through a first person male narrator. The second theme, ways in which male and female characters collaborate to formulate gender norms, is discussed through a close reading of the novel Khaṭawāt fī al-ḍabāb (Steps in the fog) by Malāḥa al-Khānī. This chapter illustrates the similar expectations that both male and female characters have on their sons and fellow male characters. This includes taking on the role of provider and protector, even in the cases where the female characters are able to look after themselves. The third theme, how female characters capitalise on patriarchy in order to enhance their lives, is elaborated through a close reading of Ayyām ma‘ahu (Days with him) by Kūlīt Khūrī. This theme demonstrates how the female character constructs herself and her world around the idea of a perfect male, whom she thinks will save her. The analysis examines what is seen as ideal traits in a man. It further discusses the change of the female character and how her initial utilisation of patriarchal structure transforms into a critique of the same structure. The fourth theme, male characters as symbols for social and political change, is seen through a close reading of Dimashq yā basmat al-ḥuzn (Damascus, o smile of sadness) by Ulfat al-Idlibī. The chapter connects between changing social ideals and ideal masculinity. Through Bayrūt 75 (Beirut 75) by Ghāda al-Sammān, the fifth theme, the difficulties included in the performance of masculinity, is studied. The problematic masculinity presented is then put in contrast with what appears to be a suggestion that a performance of femininity could be an alternative to unsuccessful masculinity. Whereas the novels differ in their presentation of masculinity and the utilisation of ideal masculinity, they agree on a set of core traits summarised in a hegemonic ideal of masculinity as an ability to provide and protect. The ways in which this should be performed is however closely connected to the female characters’ ideas of emancipation and women’s rights. The female writers’ formulation of masculinity can hence be said to mirror the development of the female characters and their awareness of women’s rights. The thesis hopes that its original contribution to knowledge is the identification and examination of constructed masculinities in Syrian female-authored fiction. Moreover, this thesis studies a body of Syrian fiction previously largely unstudied in Western academia, and in a framework of Swedish, English and Arabic secondary sources.
Published: 2017

25. The magic of Zayas : slippery sourcery, Baroque games with the devil and uncanny miracles in the novellas of María de Zayas

Author: Berg, Sander
Subjects: 863
Abstract: The seventeenth century saw an epistemological shift, which resulted in indeterminacy with regards to the supernatural. This indeterminacy is exploited by María de Zayas, albeit not necessarily consciously. In twelve out of her twenty novellas something happens that falls within the remit of the supernatural sensu lato – in the early modern period a crucial distinction was made between the supernatural sensu stricto (the miraculous) and the preternatural (the marvellous). Sometimes she treats magic as real, sometimes as false, now as a prank, then as a harrowing experience. But even when magic is described as efficacious, her discourse is permeated by indeterminacy. Her stories of the Devil may seem traditional at a first glance, but closer inspection reveals that the author plays a clever game with the reader. The Devil’s purported good deed in one of the tales is nothing but subterfuge, fooling protagonists and modern critics alike. Her miracles share much with classical hagiography, except that in some instances she imbues her tales with an almost Gothic sense of the uncanny. This also applies to other episodes, including premonitory dreams, disembodied voices and the undead. There is no doubt that Zayas uses the supernatural as a means to shock and titillate her audience. As such it ties in with other transgressive aspects of her work. But if she courted the vulgo with her sensationalist stories, some of which were recycled as relaciones de sucesos, she also aimed to impress the culto with her baroque narrative labyrinth where nothing is what it seems. Not only are women innocent victims of irrational male violence, they are subjected to evil spells and the influence of malignant stars more powerful than free will. There really is no way out for them.
Published: 2017

26. The Politics and Poetics of Cicero's Brutus: The Invention of Literary History

Author: van den Berg, Christopher S.
Published: 2021
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27. Manifest modular invariance in the near-critical Ising model

Author: Berg, Marcus and Berg, Marcus
Abstract: Using recent results in mathematics, I point out that free energies and scale-dependent central charges away from criticality can be represented in compact form where modular invariance is manifest. The main example is the near-critical Ising model on a thermal torus, but the methods are not restricted to modular symmetry, and apply to automorphic symmetries more generally. One application is finite-size effects.
Published: 2024
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28. Future Antarctic Climate: Storylines of Midlatitude Jet Strengthening and Shift Emergent from CMIP6

Author: Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Williams, Ryan S., Marshall, Gareth J., Levine, Xavier, Graff, Lise S., Handorf, Dörthe, Johnston, Nadine M., Karpechko, Alexey Y., Orr, Andrew, van de Berg, Willem Jan, Wijngaard, René R., Mooney, Priscilla A., Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Williams, Ryan S., Marshall, Gareth J., Levine, Xavier, Graff, Lise S., Handorf, Dörthe, Johnston, Nadine M., Karpechko, Alexey Y., Orr, Andrew, van de Berg, Willem Jan, Wijngaard, René R., and Mooney, Priscilla A.
Published: 2024

29. Climatic Drivers of Ice Slabs and Firn Aquifers in Greenland

Author: Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Brils, M., Munneke, P. Kuipers, Jullien, N., Tedstone, A. J., Machguth, H., van de Berg, W. J., van den Broeke, M. R., Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Brils, M., Munneke, P. Kuipers, Jullien, N., Tedstone, A. J., Machguth, H., van de Berg, W. J., and van den Broeke, M. R.
Published: 2024

30. Competitive Searching over Terrains

Author: Sub Geometric Computing, Geometric Computing, Berg, Sarita de, Beusekom, Nathan van, Mulken, Max van, Verbeek, Kevin, Wulms, Jules, Sub Geometric Computing, Geometric Computing, Berg, Sarita de, Beusekom, Nathan van, Mulken, Max van, Verbeek, Kevin, and Wulms, Jules
Published: 2024

31. The 2022 world health organization reevaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for polychlorinated dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls

Author: IRAS OH Toxicology, IRAS – One Health Toxicology, DeVito, Michael, Bokkers, Bas, van Duursen, Majorie B M, van Ede, Karin, Feeley, Mark, Antunes Fernandes Gáspár, Elsa, Haws, Laurie, Kennedy, Sean, Peterson, Richard E, Hoogenboom, Ron, Nohara, Keiko, Petersen, Kim, Rider, Cynthia, Rose, Martin, Safe, Stephen, Schrenk, Dieter, Wheeler, Matthew W, Wikoff, Daniele S, Zhao, Bin, van den Berg, Martin, IRAS OH Toxicology, IRAS – One Health Toxicology, DeVito, Michael, Bokkers, Bas, van Duursen, Majorie B M, van Ede, Karin, Feeley, Mark, Antunes Fernandes Gáspár, Elsa, Haws, Laurie, Kennedy, Sean, Peterson, Richard E, Hoogenboom, Ron, Nohara, Keiko, Petersen, Kim, Rider, Cynthia, Rose, Martin, Safe, Stephen, Schrenk, Dieter, Wheeler, Matthew W, Wikoff, Daniele S, Zhao, Bin, and van den Berg, Martin
Published: 2024

32. (Path)ways to sustainable living: The impact of the SLIM scenarios on long-term emissions

Author: Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Innovation Studies, van den Berg, Nicole J., Hof, Andries F., Timmer, Vanessa, Akenji, Lewis, van Vuuren, Detlef P., Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Innovation Studies, van den Berg, Nicole J., Hof, Andries F., Timmer, Vanessa, Akenji, Lewis, and van Vuuren, Detlef P.
Published: 2024

33. Publics of policing: expanding approaches to nodal policing

Author: Leerstoel Pansters, Sovereignty and Social Contestation, Cooper-Knock, SJ, Berg, Julie, Diphoorn, Tessa, Leerstoel Pansters, Sovereignty and Social Contestation, Cooper-Knock, SJ, Berg, Julie, and Diphoorn, Tessa
Published: 2024

34. Weapons of mass division : Sputnik Latvia's Russophobia narratives and testing the rejectionidentification model in Russian speakers in Latvia

Author: Hoyle, Aiden, Powell, Tom, Doosje, Bertjan, van den Berg, Helma, Wagnsson, Charlotte, Hoyle, Aiden, Powell, Tom, Doosje, Bertjan, van den Berg, Helma, and Wagnsson, Charlotte
Abstract: The effects of exposure to Russian propaganda have long been feared; however, academic research examining responses is scarce. This study aims to investigate the responses of Russian speakers in Latvia to a narrative propagated by the Kremlin-sponsored media outlet Sputnik Latvia that narrates Latvian government policy as Russophobic. The potential to entrench existing ethnopolitical divisions has been highlighted as a possible effect of Russian speakers consuming this narration. We adopt a comprehensive, mixed-method research approach, where we first provide an analysis of the content of Sputnik Latvia's Russophobia narrative in its recent output. Then, using this analysis, we examine how Russian-speaking participants respond to this content in a preregistered survey experiment and a focus group. Theoretically, we orient around the rejection-identification model. This predicts individuals to generally experience lower well-being after perceiving group-based discrimination, but that embracing the stigmatized identity can help maintain well-being despite this perceived devaluation. Our results showed that even brief exposure to Sputnik Latvia's Russophobia narrative led to higher levels of perceived discrimination and group identification in Russian speakers. However, we found no significant effects on well-being, which deviates from extant literature on discrimination. We discuss the reasons for this and suggest future directions.
Published: 2024
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35. Geographical variations in the effectiveness and safety of abbreviated or standard antiplatelet therapy after PCI in patients at high bleeding risk

Author: Ozaki, Yukio, Hong, Sung-Jin, Heg, Dik, Frigoli, Enrico, Vranckx, Pascal, Morice, Marie-Claude, Chevalier, Bernard, Onuma, Yoshinobu, Windecker, Stephan, Di Biasi, Maurizio, Whitbourn, Robert, Dudek, Dariusz, Raffel, Owen Christopher, Shimizu, Kiyokazu, Calabrò, Paolo, Fröbert, Ole, Cura, Fernando, Berg, Jurrien Ten, Smits, Pieter C., Valgimigli, Marco, Ozaki, Yukio, Hong, Sung-Jin, Heg, Dik, Frigoli, Enrico, Vranckx, Pascal, Morice, Marie-Claude, Chevalier, Bernard, Onuma, Yoshinobu, Windecker, Stephan, Di Biasi, Maurizio, Whitbourn, Robert, Dudek, Dariusz, Raffel, Owen Christopher, Shimizu, Kiyokazu, Calabrò, Paolo, Fröbert, Ole, Cura, Fernando, Berg, Jurrien Ten, Smits, Pieter C., and Valgimigli, Marco
Abstract: In high-bleeding risk (HBR) patients, non-inferiority of 1-month dual antiplatelet therapy (APT) to treatment continuation for ≥2 additional months for the occurrence of net and major adverse clinical events after drug-eluting stent implantation was showed in the MASTER DAPT trial.1 A significant reduction in bleeding was also noted. However, whether these treatment effects of APT are consistent across geographical regions remains uncertain. In the present analyses, the effects of abbreviated or standard APT on the 1-year occurrence of net and major adverse clinical events and bleeding were consistent across geographical regions (Europe, East Asia, and others) [NCT03023020]., The study was sponsored by the European Cardiovascular Research Institute, a nonprofit organization, and received grant support from Terumo.
Published: 2024
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36. Global environmental assessments and transformative change : the role of epistemic infrastructures and the inclusion of social sciences

Author: Berg, Monika, Lidskog, Rolf, Berg, Monika, and Lidskog, Rolf
Abstract: The gap between what is known about climate change and the action taken to prevent it has instigated debates around how to reconfigure global environmental assessment organizations to better inform and foster transformative change. One recurring request involves the need for a broader and better inclusion of social scientific knowledge. However, despite such intentions, the inclusion of social scientific research remains limited. How can this be explained? Through a detailed analysis of the IPCC special report on limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees, this article reveals how the institutional conditions of global environmental assessments condition and shape what knowledge is included in these assessments, as well as how this knowledge is represented. It discusses how and why the understanding of social processes and structures remains underdeveloped, despite such knowledge being critical for transformative change. To integrate such knowledge into environmental assessments would require substantial changes to the current epistemic infrastructure used by global environmental assessments. It is therefore time to think beyond global environmental assessments and consider complementary institutional science–policy relations through which social scientific research can assist policy actions to promote deep transformative change.
Published: 2024
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37. Using high-fidelity virtual reality for mass-casualty incident training by first responders - a systematic review of the literature

Author: Heldring, Sara, Jirwe, Maria, Wihlborg, Jonas, Berg, Lukas, Lindström, Veronica, Heldring, Sara, Jirwe, Maria, Wihlborg, Jonas, Berg, Lukas, and Lindström, Veronica
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: First responders' training and learning regarding how to handle a mass-casualty incident (MCI) is traditionally based on reading and/or training through computer-based scenarios, or sometimes through live simulations with actors. First responders should practice in realistic environments to narrow the theory-practice gap, and the possibility of repeating the training is important for learning. High-fidelity virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool to use for realistic and repeatable simulation training, but it needs to be further evaluated. The aim of this literature review was to provide a comprehensive description of the use of high-fidelity VR for MCI training by first responders. METHODS: A systematic integrative literature review was used according to Whittemore and Knafl's descriptions. Databases investigated were PubMed, CINAHL Complete, Academic Search Ultimate, Web of Science, and ERIC to find papers addressing the targeted outcome. The electronic search strategy identified 797 potential studies. Seventeen studies were deemed eligible for final inclusion. RESULTS: Training with VR enables repetition in a way not possible with live simulation, and the realism is similar, yet not as stressful. Virtual reality offers a cost-effective and safe learning environment. The usability of VR depends on the level of immersion, the technology being error-free, and the ease of use. CONCLUSIONS: This integrative review shows that high-fidelity VR training should not rule out live simulation, but rather serve as a complement. First responders became more confident and prepared for real-life MCIs after training with high-fidelity VR, but efforts should be made to solve the technical issues found in this review to further improve the usability.
Published: 2024
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38. Plats att mötas och växa : en kvalitativ studie av öppna mötesplatser i Umeå kommun

Author: Bäckström, Hanna, Berg, Linda, Bäckström, Hanna, and Berg, Linda
Abstract: I Umeå kommun finns ett flertal öppna mötesplatser; träffpunkter där människor kan umgås, hålla möten, skapa och uppleva kultur, idrotta, lära sig saker etcetera. I denna rapport presenteras tre av dessa verksamheter: Ersboda Folkets Hus, Kulturhuset Klossen och Mötesplats Stöcke, som alla drivs av civilsamhällesorganisationer. Följande studie baseras primärt på intervjuer med verksamma från mötesplatserna, med syfte att undersöka betydelser för användare, närområdet och för Umeå kommun, vilken roll organisationerna förväntas spela samt vilka förutsättningar de har för att verka. Mötesplatserna beskrivs som mycket viktiga ur flera perspektiv. De bidrar till att främja lokal sammanhållning och en positiv bild av stadsdelen och de ger människor tillgång till samlingslokaler som annars skulle sakna det. Medan kärnverksamheterna kan sägas handla om kultur, nöje, bildning och fysisk aktivitet, så fyller mötesplatserna också viktiga sociala funktioner för många målgrupper. De bidrar till att motverka ensamhet och psykisk ohälsa för den enskilde, och de utgör centrala forum för individuell utveckling och lärande, inte minst för barn och unga. Som lokalt förankrade öppna verksamheter beskrivs mötesplatserna ha en unik potential att främja social hållbarhet i både närområdet och Umeå i stort. Deltagarna lyfter också ett antal utmaningar. Mötesplatserna måste finna en balans mellan öppenhet och trygghet, så att alla besökare känner sig välkomna och trygga i miljön. Det inkluderar en balansgång mellan planering och spontanitet. Deltagarna lyfter att vissa målgrupper behöver mycket låga trösklar, medan andra behöver förväntningar och att aktivt få delta i utformandet av verksamheten. Långsiktig ekonomisk hållbarhet beskrivs vidare som en utmaning för alla organisationer. De erhåller alla olika typer av ekonomiskt stöd från offentliga aktörer, men detta stöd är oftast villkorat och tidsbegränsat och räcker sällan till för vad organisationerna skulle vilja och behöver göra på s, Publikationens digitala ISBN saknas i fulltexten
Published: 2024

39. Finansiell feminism? : Jämställdhet & ekonomi i självhjälpsformat

Author: Lauri, Johanna, Berg, Linda, Lauri, Johanna, and Berg, Linda
Abstract: In a contemporary popular cultural Swedish context, gender equality and economic equality seem to be increasingly formulated in financial terms, through narratives centered around succeeding on the stock market, owning assets or practicing venture capitalism. In this context, self-help books in financial speculation targeting women are marketed with a gender equality narrative. In this article, we focus on how values of feminism, gender equality and economy are shaped and maintained by such books. By effectively hiding power relationships and presenting financial freedom as an attainable goal for everyone and through a condensed narrative of happiness and balance in the future, we read the fantasy of financial freedom as cruel optimism through Lauren Berlant's perspective. The fantasy of financial freedom also produces a feminist subject who, with her investments, both can and should maintain control over her own life and her family as well as navigate around the vulnerabilities of life.
Published: 2024
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40. Targeting the main protease (Mpro, nsp5) by growth of fragment scaffolds exploiting structure-based methodologies

Author: Altincekic, Nadide, Jores, Nathalie, Löhr, Frank, Richter, Christian, Ehrhardt, Claus, Blommers, Marcel J. J., Berg, Hannes, Öztürk, Sare, Gande, Santosh L., Linhard, Verena, Orts, Julien, Abi Saad, Marie Jose, Bütikofer, Matthias, Kaderli, Janina, Karlsson, B. Göran, Brath, Ulrika, Hedenström, Mattias, Gröbner, Gerhard, Sauer, Uwe H., Perrakis, Anastassis, Langer, Julian, Banci, Lucia, Cantini, Francesca, Fragai, Marco, Grifagni, Deborah, Barthel, Tatjana, Wollenhaupt, Jan, Weiss, Manfred S., Robertson, Angus, Bax, Adriaan, Sreeramulu, Sridhar, Schwalbe, Harald, Altincekic, Nadide, Jores, Nathalie, Löhr, Frank, Richter, Christian, Ehrhardt, Claus, Blommers, Marcel J. J., Berg, Hannes, Öztürk, Sare, Gande, Santosh L., Linhard, Verena, Orts, Julien, Abi Saad, Marie Jose, Bütikofer, Matthias, Kaderli, Janina, Karlsson, B. Göran, Brath, Ulrika, Hedenström, Mattias, Gröbner, Gerhard, Sauer, Uwe H., Perrakis, Anastassis, Langer, Julian, Banci, Lucia, Cantini, Francesca, Fragai, Marco, Grifagni, Deborah, Barthel, Tatjana, Wollenhaupt, Jan, Weiss, Manfred S., Robertson, Angus, Bax, Adriaan, Sreeramulu, Sridhar, and Schwalbe, Harald
Abstract: The main protease Mpro, nsp5, of SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV2) is one of its most attractive drug targets. Here, we report primary screening data using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) of four different libraries and detailed follow-up synthesis on the promising uracil-containing fragment Z604 derived from these libraries. Z604 shows time-dependent binding. Its inhibitory effect is sensitive to reducing conditions. Starting with Z604, we synthesized and characterized 13 compounds designed by fragment growth strategies. Each compound was characterized by NMR and/or activity assays to investigate their interaction with Mpro. These investigations resulted in the four-armed compound 35b that binds directly to Mpro. 35b could be cocrystallized with Mpro revealing its noncovalent binding mode, which fills all four active site subpockets. Herein, we describe the NMR-derived fragment-to-hit pipeline and its application for the development of promising starting points for inhibitors of the main protease of SCoV2.
Published: 2024
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41. Insulin resistance prior to term age in very low birthweight infants : a prospective study

Author: Zamir, Itay, Stoltz Sjöström, Elisabeth, van den Berg, Johannes, Naumburg, Estelle, Domellöf, Magnus, Zamir, Itay, Stoltz Sjöström, Elisabeth, van den Berg, Johannes, Naumburg, Estelle, and Domellöf, Magnus
Abstract: Objective: To explore the glucose-related hormone profile of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants and assess the association between neonatal hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance during the admission period. Design: A prospective observational study—the Very Low Birth Weight Infants, Glucose and Hormonal Profiles over Time study. Setting: A tertiary neonatal intensive care unit and four neonatal units in county hospitals in Sweden. Patients: 48 infants born <1500 g (VLBW) during 2016–2019. Outcome measures: Plasma concentrations of glucose-related hormones and proteins (C-peptide, insulin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucagon, leptin, resistin and proinsulin), insulin:C-peptide and proinsulin:insulin ratios, Homoeostatic Model Assessment 2 (HOMA2) and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check (QUICKI) indices, measured on day of life (DOL) 7 and at postmenstrual age 36 weeks. Results: Lower gestational age was significantly associated with higher glucose, C-peptide, insulin, proinsulin, leptin, ghrelin, resistin and GLP-1 concentrations, increased HOMA2 index, and decreased QUICKI index and proinsulin:insulin ratio. Hyperglycaemic infants had significantly higher glucose, C-peptide, insulin, leptin and proinsulin concentrations, and lower QUICKI index, than normoglycaemic infants. Higher glucose and proinsulin concentrations and insulin:C-peptide ratio, and lower QUICKI index on DOL 7 were significantly associated with longer duration of hyperglycaemia during the admission period. Conclusions: VLBW infants seem to have a hormone profile consistent with insulin resistance. Lower gestational age and hyperglycaemia are associated with higher concentrations of insulin resistance markers.
Published: 2024
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42. Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure

Author: Potapov, Anton M., Chen, Ting-Wen, Striuchkova, Anastasia V., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexandre, Douglas, Arbea, Javier, Ashton, Thomas, Ashwood, Frank, Babenko, Anatoly B., Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Baretta, Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche, Baretta, Dilmar, Barnes, Andrew D., Bellini, Bruno C., Bendjaballah, Mohamed, Berg, Matty P., Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bokova, Anna I., Bolger, Thomas, Bouchard, Mathieu, Brito, Roniere A., Buchori, Damayanti, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chomel, Mathilde, Chow, Yasuko, Chown, Steven L., Classen, Aimee T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, de la Pedrosa, Ana Manuela, De Lima, Estevam C. A., Deharveng, Louis E., Doblas Miranda, Enrique, Drescher, Jochen, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ellers, Jacintha, Ferlian, Olga, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Ferreira, Aila S., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, Saori, Koudji, Essivi Gagnon, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gers, Charles, Greve, Michelle, Hamra-Kroua, Salah, Handa, I. Tanya, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Heiniger, Charlène, Hishi, Takuo, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Høye, Toke T., Ivask, Mari, Jacques, Bob, Janion-Scheepers, Charlene, Jochum, Malte, Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Juceviča, Edite, Kapinga, Esther M., Kováč, Ľubomír, Krab, Eveline J, Krogh, Paul Henning, Kuu, Annely, Kuznetsova, Natalya, Lam, Weng Ngai, Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy W. P., Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciáñez, María José, Marx, Michael T., Mawan, Amanda, McCary, Matthew A., Minor, Maria A., Mitchell, Grace I., Moreno, David, Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Nielsen, Uffe N., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Palacios-Vargas, José G., Pollierer, Melanie M., Ponge, Jean-François, Potapov, Mikhail B., Querner, Pascal, Rai, Bibishan, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Reis, Aline S., Ross, Giles M., Rousseau, Laurent, Russell, David J., Saifutdinov, Ruslan A., Salmon, Sandrine, Santonja, Mathieu, Saraeva, Anna K., Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shaw, Peter, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Slade, Eleanor M., Stebaeva, Sophya, Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda Ika, Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Tay, Li Si, Thakur, Madhav P., Treasure, Anne M, Tsiafouli, Maria, Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Venier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Widyastuti, Rahayu, Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel, Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Yin, Rui, Zampaulo, Robson A., Zeppelini, Douglas, Zhang, Bing, Zoughailech, Abdelmalek, Ashford, Oliver, Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, Scheu, Stefan, Potapov, Anton M., Chen, Ting-Wen, Striuchkova, Anastasia V., Alatalo, Juha M., Alexandre, Douglas, Arbea, Javier, Ashton, Thomas, Ashwood, Frank, Babenko, Anatoly B., Bandyopadhyaya, Ipsa, Baretta, Carolina Riviera Duarte Maluche, Baretta, Dilmar, Barnes, Andrew D., Bellini, Bruno C., Bendjaballah, Mohamed, Berg, Matty P., Bernava, Verónica, Bokhorst, Stef, Bokova, Anna I., Bolger, Thomas, Bouchard, Mathieu, Brito, Roniere A., Buchori, Damayanti, Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela, Chauvat, Matthieu, Chomel, Mathilde, Chow, Yasuko, Chown, Steven L., Classen, Aimee T., Cortet, Jérôme, Čuchta, Peter, de la Pedrosa, Ana Manuela, De Lima, Estevam C. A., Deharveng, Louis E., Doblas Miranda, Enrique, Drescher, Jochen, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ellers, Jacintha, Ferlian, Olga, Ferreira, Susana S. D., Ferreira, Aila S., Fiera, Cristina, Filser, Juliane, Franken, Oscar, Fujii, Saori, Koudji, Essivi Gagnon, Gao, Meixiang, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Gers, Charles, Greve, Michelle, Hamra-Kroua, Salah, Handa, I. Tanya, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Heiniger, Charlène, Hishi, Takuo, Holmstrup, Martin, Homet, Pablo, Høye, Toke T., Ivask, Mari, Jacques, Bob, Janion-Scheepers, Charlene, Jochum, Malte, Joimel, Sophie, Jorge, Bruna Claudia S., Juceviča, Edite, Kapinga, Esther M., Kováč, Ľubomír, Krab, Eveline J, Krogh, Paul Henning, Kuu, Annely, Kuznetsova, Natalya, Lam, Weng Ngai, Lin, Dunmei, Lindo, Zoë, Liu, Amy W. P., Lu, Jing-Zhong, Luciáñez, María José, Marx, Michael T., Mawan, Amanda, McCary, Matthew A., Minor, Maria A., Mitchell, Grace I., Moreno, David, Nakamori, Taizo, Negri, Ilaria, Nielsen, Uffe N., Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Oliveira Filho, Luís Carlos I., Palacios-Vargas, José G., Pollierer, Melanie M., Ponge, Jean-François, Potapov, Mikhail B., Querner, Pascal, Rai, Bibishan, Raschmanová, Natália, Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Raymond-Léonard, Laura J., Reis, Aline S., Ross, Giles M., Rousseau, Laurent, Russell, David J., Saifutdinov, Ruslan A., Salmon, Sandrine, Santonja, Mathieu, Saraeva, Anna K., Sayer, Emma J., Scheunemann, Nicole, Scholz, Cornelia, Seeber, Julia, Shaw, Peter, Shveenkova, Yulia B., Slade, Eleanor M., Stebaeva, Sophya, Sterzynska, Maria, Sun, Xin, Susanti, Winda Ika, Taskaeva, Anastasia A., Tay, Li Si, Thakur, Madhav P., Treasure, Anne M, Tsiafouli, Maria, Twala, Mthokozisi N., Uvarov, Alexei V., Venier, Lisa A., Widenfalk, Lina A., Widyastuti, Rahayu, Winck, Bruna, Winkler, Daniel, Wu, Donghui, Xie, Zhijing, Yin, Rui, Zampaulo, Robson A., Zeppelini, Douglas, Zhang, Bing, Zoughailech, Abdelmalek, Ashford, Oliver, Klauberg-Filho, Osmar, and Scheu, Stefan
Abstract: Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised. Despite covering all continents, most of the sample-level data come from the European continent (82.5% of all samples) and represent four habitats: woodlands (57.4%), grasslands (14.0%), agrosystems (13.7%) and scrublands (9.0%). We included sampling by soil layers, and across seasons and years, representing temporal and spatial within-site variation in springtail communities. We also provided data use and sharing guidelines and R code to facilitate the use of the database by other researchers. This data paper describes a static version of the database at the publication date, but the database will be further expanded to include underrepresented regions and linked with trait data.
Published: 2024
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43. Functional annotation of a divergent genome using sequence and structure-based similarity

Author: Svedberg, Dennis, Winiger, Rahel R., Berg, Alexandra, Sharma, Himanshu, Tellgren-Roth, Christian, Debrunner-Vossbrinck, Bettina A., Vossbrinck, Charles R., Barandun, Jonas, Svedberg, Dennis, Winiger, Rahel R., Berg, Alexandra, Sharma, Himanshu, Tellgren-Roth, Christian, Debrunner-Vossbrinck, Bettina A., Vossbrinck, Charles R., and Barandun, Jonas
Abstract: Background: Microsporidia are a large taxon of intracellular pathogens characterized by extraordinarily streamlined genomes with unusually high sequence divergence and many species-specific adaptations. These unique factors pose challenges for traditional genome annotation methods based on sequence similarity. As a result, many of the microsporidian genomes sequenced to date contain numerous genes of unknown function. Recent innovations in rapid and accurate structure prediction and comparison, together with the growing amount of data in structural databases, provide new opportunities to assist in the functional annotation of newly sequenced genomes. Results: In this study, we established a workflow that combines sequence and structure-based functional gene annotation approaches employing a ChimeraX plugin named ANNOTEX (Annotation Extension for ChimeraX), allowing for visual inspection and manual curation. We employed this workflow on a high-quality telomere-to-telomere sequenced tetraploid genome of Vairimorpha necatrix. First, the 3080 predicted protein-coding DNA sequences, of which 89% were confirmed with RNA sequencing data, were used as input. Next, ColabFold was used to create protein structure predictions, followed by a Foldseek search for structural matching to the PDB and AlphaFold databases. The subsequent manual curation, using sequence and structure-based hits, increased the accuracy and quality of the functional genome annotation compared to results using only traditional annotation tools. Our workflow resulted in a comprehensive description of the V. necatrix genome, along with a structural summary of the most prevalent protein groups, such as the ricin B lectin family. In addition, and to test our tool, we identified the functions of several previously uncharacterized Encephalitozoon cuniculi genes. Conclusion: We provide a new functional annotation tool for divergent organisms and employ it on a newly sequenced, high-quality microsporidian genome t
Published: 2024
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44. Professional Position Positioned : The Interwoven Experience of Being a Young Adult and New at Work Analysed from a Relational Perspective of Age

Author: Berg Jansson, Anna, Svensson, Sven, Wall, Erika, Berg Jansson, Anna, Svensson, Sven, and Wall, Erika
Abstract: To gain an in-depth understanding of the position of being a young adult and new at work simultaneously, this study examines the doing of age in relation to others in the lives of young adults, rather than focusing on age as a category and/or developmental phase. The study focuses on being a young adult from a critical and relational perspective of age. Based on focus group interviews with young adults, mostly women, working in retail, the aim is to analyse the position of being a young adult while new at work through age-marked relationships. The results reveal how this position can be understood both in terms of security and insecurity. Security arises in the sense of opportunities for learning and leaving responsibilities to older and more experienced colleagues. Insecurity arises in the sense of being exposed to insecure employment, the risk of being allocated less challenging tasks and being judged for failures.
Published: 2024
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45. Pulp Particle Classification Based on Optical Fiber Analysis and Machine Learning Techniques

Author: Lindström, Stefan B, Amjad, R., Gåhlin, E., Andersson, L., Kaarto, M., Liubytska, Kateryna, Persson, Johan, Berg, Jan-Erik, Engberg, Birgitta A., Nilsson, Fritjof, Lindström, Stefan B, Amjad, R., Gåhlin, E., Andersson, L., Kaarto, M., Liubytska, Kateryna, Persson, Johan, Berg, Jan-Erik, Engberg, Birgitta A., and Nilsson, Fritjof
Abstract: In the pulp and paper industry, pulp testing is typically a labor-intensive process performed on hand-made laboratory sheets. Online quality control by automated image analysis and machine learning (ML) could provide a consistent, fast and cost-efficient alternative. In this study, four different supervised ML techniques—Lasso regression, support vector machine (SVM), feed-forward neural networks (FFNN), and recurrent neural networks (RNN)—were applied to fiber data obtained from fiber suspension micrographs analyzed by two separate image analysis software. With the built-in software of a commercial fiber analyzer optimized for speed, the maximum accuracy of 81% was achieved using the FFNN algorithm with Yeo–Johnson preprocessing. With an in-house algorithm adapted for ML by an extended set of particle attributes, a maximum accuracy of 96% was achieved with Lasso regression. A parameter capturing the average intensity of the particle in the micrograph, only available from the latter software, has a particularly strong predictive capability. The high accuracy and sensitivity of the ML results indicate that such a strategy could be very useful for quality control of fiber dispersions.
Published: 2024
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46. Rektorers yrkesidentitet och yrkestrygghet

Author: Berg, Gunnar, Håkansson Lindqvist, Marcia, Wede, Christer, Sundh, Frank, Berg, Gunnar, Håkansson Lindqvist, Marcia, Wede, Christer, and Sundh, Frank
Published: 2024

47. Rektorers yrkesidentitet och yrkestrygghet … – en introduktion

Author: Berg, Gunnar, Håkansson Lindqvist, Marcia, Berg, Gunnar, and Håkansson Lindqvist, Marcia
Published: 2024

48. Renegotiating identity : A Nordic study of adolescent's experiences of living with a parent having heart disease

Author: Rotvig, Camilla, Kikkenborg Berg, Selina, Andréasson, Frida, Strömberg, Anna, Andersen, Hege, Norekvål, Tone Merete, Bernild, Camilla, Rotvig, Camilla, Kikkenborg Berg, Selina, Andréasson, Frida, Strömberg, Anna, Andersen, Hege, Norekvål, Tone Merete, and Bernild, Camilla
Abstract: Aim: To explore adolescents' experiences of having a parent with heart disease. Design: This qualitative study was performed with semi-structured individual interviews. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 33 adolescents between 13 and 19 years old, who either had a mother or father with one of these diagnoses: ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiac arrest or heart valve disease. The parent had been ill for at least 6 months and up to 5 years. The study was carried out in Denmark, Norway and Sweden between 2019 and 2022. The analysis was inspired by Reflexive Methodology. Results: Three central themes emerged: Response to parental heart disease; Growing up ahead of time; and Strategies in a changed life situation. For the adolescents, heart disease was experienced as an acute and lethal disease that put their parents' lives in danger. New routines and roles not only changed everyday life within the family but they also enhanced maturity and appreciation of life. To maintain a balance in life, the adolescents pursued normality and sought a safe space to have a normal youthful life. Conclusion: In a period known to be significant for development, life with parental heart disease appeared as a biographical disruption because adolescents renegotiated their identity to manage their new life situation.ImpactIt is important to help younger family members adapt to parental heart disease by informing them about possible reactions and supporting them in how to adapt to their new life by seeking breaks and normality.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public involvement.
Published: 2024
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49. Predictive Machine Learning in Assessing Materiality : The Global Reporting Initiative Standard and Beyond

Author: Svanberg, Jan, Öhman, Peter, Samsten, Isak, Neidermeyer, Presha, Rana, Tarek, Berg, Natalia, Svanberg, Jan, Öhman, Peter, Samsten, Isak, Neidermeyer, Presha, Rana, Tarek, and Berg, Natalia
Abstract: Sustainability reporting standards state that material information should be disclosed, but materiality is not easily nor consistently defined across companies and sectors. Research finds that materiality assessments by reporting companies and sustainability auditors are uncertain, discretionary, and subjective. This chapter investigates a machine learning approach to sustainability reporting materiality assessments that has predictive validity. The investigated assessment methodology provides materiality assessments of disclosed as well as non-disclosed sustainability items consistent with the impact materiality GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) reporting standard. Our machine learning model estimates the likelihood that a company fully complies with environmental responsibilities. We then explore how a state-of-the-art model interpretation method, the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) developed by Lundberg and Lee (A unified approach to interpreting model predictions. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2017-December, pp 4766–4775, 2017), can be used to estimate impact materiality.
Published: 2024
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50. Accounting for Green Public Procurement

Author: Berg, Natalia, Pircher, Brigitte, Berg, Natalia, and Pircher, Brigitte
Published: 2024

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