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1. Ezra Pound and modern art 1906-1930

Author: Beasley, R. L.
Subjects: 810
Abstract: My dissertation discusses the early career of the American poet Ezra Pound in relation to visual art at the beginning of the twentieth century. Pound was a leading propagandist of modern art, advertising his friends Wyndham Lewis, Henri Gaudier-Brzeska and Constantin Brancusi, among others, in his extensive art criticism, and explaining his poetic theories by reference to art movements and practices. The majority of Pound's critics have followed his lead and describe his poetry by using the aesthetic values and terminology Pound conveniently supplied in his prose. I argue that this is an erroneous move, which hides a series of problems in the development of Pound's poetics. Pound's poetry shows surprisingly little evidence of his interest in art; however, unpublished manuscripts show that this evidence existed, but was deliberately excised. My dissertation aims to uncover the sequence of decisions which led to vital changes in Pound's poetic style, by focusing on the periods during which he aligned himself with particular artists or movements. In my first chapter, I look at unpublished essays and poetry written between 1906 and 1908, to explore Pound's interest in the work of James McNeill Whistler, and explain an apparent change in poetic style in 1908. My second chapter deals with Pound's association with the vorticists, which I argue was less a meeting of minds than a method of placing his imagist verse, with its nineteenth-century predilections, in an emphatically modern context. In the third chapter I analyse the earliest drafts of The Cantos in detail, showing how Pound's conception of the poem in 1915 as egalitarian in structure and argument was compatible with the type of visual description he had rejected in 1908. The dada movement, which I discuss in my fourth chapter, contributes to Pound's redefinition of artistic talent. His emphasis on the value of the artist's personality above the artist's works necessitates a reconsideration of the structure of The Cantos in 1922. The fifth chapter examines the role of sculpture in Pound's poetry and prose, in order to determine how it becomes an analogy for Pound's poetic technique.
Published: 1999

2. Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Position Statement on Acute Oxygen Use in Adults: 'Swimming between the flags'

Author: Barnett, A, Beasley, R, Buchan, C, Chien, J, Farah, CS, King, G, McDonald, CF, Miller, B, Munsif, M, Psirides, A, Reid, L, Roberts, M, Smallwood, N, Smith, S, Barnett, A, Beasley, R, Buchan, C, Chien, J, Farah, CS, King, G, McDonald, CF, Miller, B, Munsif, M, Psirides, A, Reid, L, Roberts, M, Smallwood, N, and Smith, S
Abstract: Oxygen is a life-saving therapy but, when given inappropriately, may also be hazardous. Therefore, in the acute medical setting, oxygen should only be given as treatment for hypoxaemia and requires appropriate prescription, monitoring and review. This update to the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) guidance on acute oxygen therapy is a brief and practical resource for all healthcare workers involved with administering oxygen therapy to adults in the acute medical setting. It does not apply to intubated or paediatric patients. Recommendations are made in the following six clinical areas: assessment of hypoxaemia (including use of arterial blood gases); prescription of oxygen; peripheral oxygen saturation targets; delivery, including non-invasive ventilation and humidified high-flow nasal cannulae; the significance of high oxygen requirements; and acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. There are three sections which provide (1) a brief summary, (2) recommendations in detail with practice points and (3) a detailed explanation of the reasoning and evidence behind the recommendations. It is anticipated that these recommendations will be disseminated widely in structured programmes across Australia and New Zealand.
Published: 2022

3. Treatable traits in the NOVELTY study

Author: Agusti, A, Rapsomaniki, E, Beasley, R, Hughes, R, Mullerova, H, Papi, A, Pavord, ID, van den Berge, M, Faner, R, Agusti, A, Rapsomaniki, E, Beasley, R, Hughes, R, Mullerova, H, Papi, A, Pavord, ID, van den Berge, M, and Faner, R
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two prevalent and complex diseases that require personalized management. Although a strategy based on treatable traits (TTs) has been proposed, the prevalence and relationship of TTs to the diagnostic label and disease severity established by the attending physician in a real-world setting are unknown. We assessed how the presence/absence of specific TTs relate to the diagnosis and severity of 'asthma', 'COPD' or 'asthma + COPD'. METHODS: The authors selected 30 frequently occurring TTs from the NOVELTY study cohort (NOVEL observational longiTudinal studY; NCT02760329), a large (n = 11,226), global study that systematically collects data in a real-world setting, both in primary care clinics and specialized centres, for patients with 'asthma' (n = 5932, 52.8%), 'COPD' (n = 3898, 34.7%) or both ('asthma + COPD'; n = 1396, 12.4%). RESULTS: The results indicate that (1) the prevalence of the 30 TTs evaluated varied widely, with a mean ± SD of 4.6 ± 2.6, 5.4 ± 2.6 and 6.4 ± 2.8 TTs/patient in those with 'asthma', 'COPD' and 'asthma + COPD', respectively (p < 0.0001); (2) there were no large global geographical variations, but the prevalence of TTs was different in primary versus specialized clinics; (3) several TTs were specific to the diagnosis and severity of disease, but many were not; and (4) both the presence and absence of TTs formed a pattern that is recognized by clinicians to establish a diagnosis and grade its severity. CONCLUSION: These results provide the largest and most granular characterization of TTs in patients with airway diseases in a real-world setting to date.
Published: 2022

4. Lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine for critically ill patients with COVID-19: REMAP-CAP randomized controlled trial

Author: Arabi, Y.M., Gordon, A.C., Derde, L.P.G., Nichol, A.D., Murthy, S., Beidh, F.A., Annane, D., Swaidan, L.A., Beane, A., Beasley, R., Berry, L.R., Bhimani, Z., Bonten, M.J.M., Bradbury, C.A., Brunkhorst, F.M., Buxton, M., Buzgau, A., Cheng, A., Jong, Menno de, Detry, M.A., Duffy, E.J., Estcourt, L.J., Fitzgerald, M., Fowler, R., Girard, T.D., Goligher, E.C., Goossens, H., Haniffa, R., Higgins, A.M., Hills, T.E., Horvat, C.M., Huang, D.T., King, A.J., Lamontagne, F., Lawler, P.R., Lewis, R., Linstrum, K., Litton, E., Lorenzi, E., Malakouti, S., McAuley, D.F., McGlothlin, A., McGuinness, S., McVerry, B.J., Montgomery, S.K., Morpeth, S.C., Mouncey, P.R., Orr, K., Parke, R., Parker, J.C., Patanwala, A.E., Rowan, K.M., Santos, M.S., Saunders, C.T., Seymour, C.W., Shankar-Hari, M., Tong, S.Y.C., Turgeon, A.F., Turner, A.M., Veerdonk, F.L. van de, Zarychanski, R., Green, C., Berry, S., Marshall, J.C., McArthur, C., Schouten, J.A., Angus, D.C., Webb, S.A., Arabi, Y.M., Gordon, A.C., Derde, L.P.G., Nichol, A.D., Murthy, S., Beidh, F.A., Annane, D., Swaidan, L.A., Beane, A., Beasley, R., Berry, L.R., Bhimani, Z., Bonten, M.J.M., Bradbury, C.A., Brunkhorst, F.M., Buxton, M., Buzgau, A., Cheng, A., Jong, Menno de, Detry, M.A., Duffy, E.J., Estcourt, L.J., Fitzgerald, M., Fowler, R., Girard, T.D., Goligher, E.C., Goossens, H., Haniffa, R., Higgins, A.M., Hills, T.E., Horvat, C.M., Huang, D.T., King, A.J., Lamontagne, F., Lawler, P.R., Lewis, R., Linstrum, K., Litton, E., Lorenzi, E., Malakouti, S., McAuley, D.F., McGlothlin, A., McGuinness, S., McVerry, B.J., Montgomery, S.K., Morpeth, S.C., Mouncey, P.R., Orr, K., Parke, R., Parker, J.C., Patanwala, A.E., Rowan, K.M., Santos, M.S., Saunders, C.T., Seymour, C.W., Shankar-Hari, M., Tong, S.Y.C., Turgeon, A.F., Turner, A.M., Veerdonk, F.L. van de, Zarychanski, R., Green, C., Berry, S., Marshall, J.C., McArthur, C., Schouten, J.A., Angus, D.C., and Webb, S.A.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, PURPOSE: To study the efficacy of lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: Critically ill adults with COVID-19 were randomized to receive lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, combination therapy of lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine or no antiviral therapy (control). The primary endpoint was an ordinal scale of organ support-free days. Analyses used a Bayesian cumulative logistic model and expressed treatment effects as an adjusted odds ratio (OR) where an OR > 1 is favorable. RESULTS: We randomized 694 patients to receive lopinavir-ritonavir (n = 255), hydroxychloroquine (n = 50), combination therapy (n = 27) or control (n = 362). The median organ support-free days among patients in lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, and combination therapy groups was 4 (- 1 to 15), 0 (- 1 to 9) and-1 (- 1 to 7), respectively, compared to 6 (- 1 to 16) in the control group with in-hospital mortality of 88/249 (35%), 17/49 (35%), 13/26 (50%), respectively, compared to 106/353 (30%) in the control group. The three interventions decreased organ support-free days compared to control (OR [95% credible interval]: 0.73 [0.55, 0.99], 0.57 [0.35, 0.83] 0.41 [0.24, 0.72]), yielding posterior probabilities that reached the threshold futility (≥ 99.0%), and high probabilities of harm (98.0%, 99.9% and > 99.9%, respectively). The three interventions reduced hospital survival compared with control (OR [95% CrI]: 0.65 [0.45, 0.95], 0.56 [0.30, 0.89], and 0.36 [0.17, 0.73]), yielding high probabilities of harm (98.5% and 99.4% and 99.8%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Among critically ill patients with COVID-19, lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine, or combination therapy worsened outcomes compared to no antiviral therapy.
Published: 2021

5. Lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine for critically ill patients with COVID-19: REMAP-CAP randomized controlled trial

Author: Arabi, YM, Gordon, AC, Derde, LPG, Nichol, AD, Murthy, S, Beidh, FA, Annane, D, Swaidan, LA, Beane, A, Beasley, R, Berry, LR, Bhimani, Z, Bonten, MJM, Bradbury, CA, Brunkhorst, FM, Buxton, M, Buzgau, A, Cheng, A, De Jong, M, Detry, MA, Duffy, EJ, Estcourt, LJ, Fitzgerald, M, Fowler, R, Girard, TD, Goligher, EC, Goossens, H, Haniffa, R, Higgins, AM, Hills, TE, Horvat, CM, Huang, DT, King, AJ, Lamontagne, F, Lawler, PR, Lewis, R, Linstrum, K, Litton, E, Lorenzi, E, Malakouti, S, McAuley, DF, McGlothlin, A, Mcguinness, S, McVerry, BJ, Montgomery, SK, Morpeth, SC, Mouncey, PR, Orr, K, Parke, R, Parker, JC, Patanwala, AE, Rowan, KM, Santos, MS, Saunders, CT, Seymour, CW, Shankar-Hari, M, Tong, SYC, Turgeon, AF, Turner, AM, Van de Veerdonk, FL, Zarychanski, R, Green, C, Berry, S, Marshall, JC, McArthur, C, Angus, DC, Webb, SA, Orford, Neil, Arabi, YM, Gordon, AC, Derde, LPG, Nichol, AD, Murthy, S, Beidh, FA, Annane, D, Swaidan, LA, Beane, A, Beasley, R, Berry, LR, Bhimani, Z, Bonten, MJM, Bradbury, CA, Brunkhorst, FM, Buxton, M, Buzgau, A, Cheng, A, De Jong, M, Detry, MA, Duffy, EJ, Estcourt, LJ, Fitzgerald, M, Fowler, R, Girard, TD, Goligher, EC, Goossens, H, Haniffa, R, Higgins, AM, Hills, TE, Horvat, CM, Huang, DT, King, AJ, Lamontagne, F, Lawler, PR, Lewis, R, Linstrum, K, Litton, E, Lorenzi, E, Malakouti, S, McAuley, DF, McGlothlin, A, Mcguinness, S, McVerry, BJ, Montgomery, SK, Morpeth, SC, Mouncey, PR, Orr, K, Parke, R, Parker, JC, Patanwala, AE, Rowan, KM, Santos, MS, Saunders, CT, Seymour, CW, Shankar-Hari, M, Tong, SYC, Turgeon, AF, Turner, AM, Van de Veerdonk, FL, Zarychanski, R, Green, C, Berry, S, Marshall, JC, McArthur, C, Angus, DC, Webb, SA, and Orford, Neil
Published: 2021

6. Heterogeneity within and between physician-diagnosed asthma and/or COPD: NOVELTY cohort

Author: Reddel, HK, Vestbo, J, Agusti, A, Anderson, GP, Bansal, AT, Beasley, R, Bel, EH, Janson, C, Make, B, Pavord, ID, Price, D, Rapsomaniki, E, Karlsson, N, Finch, DK, Nuevo, J, De Giorgio-Miller, A, Alacqua, M, Hughes, R, Mullerova, H, de Verdier, MG, Reddel, HK, Vestbo, J, Agusti, A, Anderson, GP, Bansal, AT, Beasley, R, Bel, EH, Janson, C, Make, B, Pavord, ID, Price, D, Rapsomaniki, E, Karlsson, N, Finch, DK, Nuevo, J, De Giorgio-Miller, A, Alacqua, M, Hughes, R, Mullerova, H, and de Verdier, MG
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) typically focus on these diagnoses separately, limiting understanding of disease mechanisms and treatment options. NOVELTY is a global, 3-year, prospective observational study of patients with asthma and/or COPD from real-world clinical practice. We investigated heterogeneity and overlap by diagnosis and severity in this cohort. METHODS: Patients with physician-assigned asthma, COPD or both (asthma+COPD) were enrolled, and stratified by diagnosis and severity. Baseline characteristics were reported descriptively by physician-assigned diagnosis and/or severity. Factors associated with physician-assessed severity were evaluated using ordinal logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 11 243 patients, 5940 (52.8%) had physician-assigned asthma, 1396 (12.4%) had asthma+COPD and 3907 (34.8%) had COPD; almost half were from primary care. Symptoms, health-related quality of life and spirometry showed substantial heterogeneity and overlap between asthma, asthma+COPD and COPD, with 23%, 62% and 64% of patients, respectively, having a ratio of post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity below the lower limit of normal. Symptoms and exacerbations increased with greater physician-assessed severity and were higher in asthma+COPD. However, 24.3% with mild asthma and 20.4% with mild COPD had experienced ≥1 exacerbation in the past 12 months. Medication records suggested both under-treatment and over-treatment relative to severity. Blood eosinophil counts varied little across diagnosis and severity groups, but blood neutrophil counts increased with severity across all diagnoses. CONCLUSION: This analysis demonstrates marked heterogeneity within, and overlap between, physician-assigned diagnosis and severity groups in patients with asthma and/or COPD. Current diagnostic and severity classifications in clinical practice poorly differentiate between clinical phenotypes that m
Published: 2021

7. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Author: Hernandez, A, Green, J, Janmohamed, S, D'Agostino, R, Granger, C, Jones, N, Leiter, L, Rosenberg, A, Sigmon, K, Somerville, M, Thorpe, K, Mcmurray, J, Del Prato, S, Califf, R, Holman, R, Demets, D, Riddle, M, Goodman, S, Mcguire, D, Alexander, K, Devore, A, Melloni, C, Patel, C, Kong, D, Bloomfield, G, Roe, M, Tricoci, P, Harrison, R, Lopes, R, Mathews, R, Mehta, R, Schuyler Jones, W, Vemulapalli, S, Povsic, T, Eapen, Z, Dombrowski, K, Kolls, B, Jordan, D, Ambrosy, A, Greene, S, Mandawat, A, Shavadia, J, Cooper, L, Sharma, A, Guimaraes, P, Friedman, D, Wilson, M, Endsley, P, Gentry, T, Collier, J, Perez, K, James, K, Roush, J, Pope, C, Howell, C, Johnson, M, Bailey, M, Cole, J, Akers, T, Vandyne, B, Thomas, B, Rich, J, Bartone, S, Beaulieu, G, Brown, K, Chau, T, Christian, T, Coker, R, Greene, D, Haddock, T, Jenkins, W, Haque, G, Marquess, M, Pesarchick, J, Rethaford, R, Stone, A, Al Kawas, F, Anderson, M, Enns, R, Sinay, I, Mathieu, C, Yordanov, V, Hramiak, I, Haluzik, M, Galatius, S, Guerci, B, Nauck, M, Migdalis, I, Tan, C, Kocsis, G, Giaccari, A, Lee, M, Munoz, E, Cornel, J, Birkeland, K, Pinto, M, Tirador, L, Olesinska-Mader, M, Shestakova, M, Distiller, L, Lopez-Sendon, J, Eliasson, B, Chiang, C, Srimahachota, S, Mankovsky, B, Bethel, M, Dungan, K, Kosiborod, M, Alvarisqueta, A, Baldovino, J, Besada, D, Calella, P, Cantero, M, Castano, P, Chertkoff, A, Cuadrado, J, De Loredo, L, Dominguez, A, Espanol, M, Finkelstein, H, Frechtel, G, Fretes, J, Garrido Santos, N, Gonzalez, J, Litvak, M, Loureyro, J, Maffei, L, Maldonado, N, Mohr Gasparini, D, Orio, S, Perez Manghi, F, Rodriguez Papini, N, Sala, J, Schygiel, P, Sposetti, G, Ulla, M, Verra, F, Zabalua, S, Zaidman, C, Crenier, L, Debroye, C, Duyck, F, Scheen, A, Van Gaal, L, Vercammen, C, Damyanova, V, Dimitrov, S, Kovacheva, S, Lozanov, L, Margaritov, V, Mihaylova-Shumkova, R, Nikolaeva, A, Stoyanova, Z, Akhras, R, Beaudry, Y, Bedard, J, Berlingieri, J, Chehayeb, R, Cheung, S, Conway, J, Cusson, J, Della Siega, A, Dumas, R, Dzongowski, P, Ferguson, M, Gaudet, D, Grondin, F, Gupta, A, Gupta, M, Halperin, F, Houle, P, Jones, M, Kouz, S, Kovacs, C, Landry, D, Lonn, E, O'Mahony, W, Peterson, S, Reich, D, Rosenbloom, A, St-Maurice, F, Tugwell, B, Vizel, S, Woo, V, Brychta, T, Cech, V, Dvorakova, E, Edelsberger, T, Halciakova, K, Krizova, J, Lastuvka, J, Piperek, M, Prymkova, V, Raclavska, L, Silhova, E, Urbanek, R, Vrkoc, J, Andersen, U, Bronnum-Schou, J, Hove, J, Jensen, J, Kober, L, Kristiansen, O, Lund, P, Melchior, T, Nyvad, O, Schou, M, Boye, A, Cadinot, D, Gouet, D, Henry, P, Kessler, L, Lalau, J, Petit, C, Thuan, J, Voinot, C, Vouillarmet, J, Axthelm, C, Berger, D, Bieler, T, Birkenfeld, A, Bott, J, Busch, K, Caca, K, Chevts, J, Donaubauer, T, Erlinger, R, Funke, K, Grosskopf, J, Hagenow, A, Hamann, M, Hartard, M, Heymer, P, Huppertz, W, Illies, G, Jacob, S, Jung, T, Kahrmann, G, Kast, P, Kellerer, M, Kempe, H, Khariouzov, A, Klausmann, G, Klein, C, Kleinecke-Pohl, U, Kleinertz, K, Koch, T, Kosch, C, Lorra, B, Luedemann, J, Luttermann, M, Maxeiner, S, Milek, K, Moelle, A, Neumann, G, Nischik, R, Oehrig-Pohl, E, Plassmann, G, Pohlmeier, L, Proepper, F, Regner, S, Rieker, W, Rose, L, Samer, H, Sauter, J, Schaper, F, Schiffer, C, Schmidt, J, Scholz, B, Schulze, J, Segner, A, Seufert, J, Sigal, H, Steindorf, J, Stockhausen, J, Stuebler, P, Taeschner, H, Tews, D, Tschoepe, D, Wilhelm, K, Zeller-Stefan, H, Avramidis, I, Bousboulas, S, Bristianou, M, Dimitriadis, G, Elisaf, M, Kotsa, K, Melidonis, A, Mitrakou, A, Pagkalos, E, Papanas, N, Pappas, A, Sampanis, C, Tentolouris, N, Tsapas, A, Tzatzagou, G, Ozaki, R, Hajdu, C, Harcsa, E, Konyves, L, Mucsi, J, Pauker, Z, Petro, G, Ples, Z, Revesz, K, Sandor, V, Vass, V, Avogaro, A, Boemi, M, Bonadonna, R, Consoli, A, De Cosmo, S, Di Bartolo, P, Dotta, F, Frontoni, S, Galetta, M, Gambineri, A, Gazzaruso, C, Giorgino, F, Lauro, D, Orsi, E, Paolisso, G, Perriello, G, Piatti, P, Pontiroli, A, Ponzani, P, Rivellese, A, Sesti, G, Tonolo, G, Trevisan, R, Ahn, C, Baik, S, Cha, B, Chung, C, Jang, H, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, I, Lee, E, Lee, H, Lee, K, Moon, K, Namgung, J, Park, K, Yoo, S, Yu, J, Llamas, E, Cervantes-Escarcega, J, Flota-Cervera, L, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, J, Pascoe-Gonzalez, S, Pelayo-Orozco, E, Ramirez-Diaz, S, Saldana-Mendoza, A, Jerjes-Diaz, C, Torres-Colores, J, Vidrio-Velazquez, M, Villagordoa-Mesa, J, Beijerbacht, H, Groutars, R, Hoek, B, Hoogslag, P, Kooy, A, Kragten, J, Lieverse, A, Swart, H, Viergever, E, Ahlqvist, J, Cooper, J, Gulseth, H, Guttormsen, G, Wium, C, Arbanil, H, Calderon, J, Camacho, L, Espinoza, A, Garrido, E, Luna, A, Manrique, H, Revoredo, F, Gonzales, R, Rincon, L, Zubiate, C, Ebo, G, Morales-Palomares, E, Arciszewska, M, Banach, M, Bijata-Bronisz, R, Derezinski, T, Gadzinski, W, Gajek, J, Klodawska, K, Krzyzagorska, E, Madej, A, Miekus, P, Opiela, J, Romanczuk, P, Siegel, A, Skokowska, E, Stankiewicz, A, Stasinska, T, Trznadel-Morawska, I, Witek, R, Aksentyev, S, Bondar, I, Demidova, I, Dreval, A, Ershova, O, Galstyan, G, Garganeeva, A, Izmozherova, N, Karetnikova, V, Kharakhulakh, M, Khokhlov, A, Kobalava, Z, Koshelskaya, O, Kosmacheva, E, Kostin, V, Koziolova, N, Kuzin, A, Lesnov, V, Lysenko, T, Markov, V, Mayorov, A, Moiseev, S, Myasoedova, S, Petunina, N, Rebrov, A, Ruyatkina, L, Samoylova, J, Sazonova, O, Shilkina, N, Sokolova, N, Vasilevskaya, O, Verbovaya, N, Vishneva, E, Vorobyev, S, Vorokhobina, N, Zanozina, O, Zhdanova, E, Zykova, T, Burgess, L, Coetzee, K, Dawood, S, Lombard, L, Makotoko, E, Moodley, R, Oosthuysen, W, Sarvan, M, Calvo Gomez, C, Cano Rodriguez, I, Castro Conde, A, Cequier Fillat, A, Cuatrecasas Cambra, G, de Alvaro Moreno, F, De Teresa Parreno, L, Delgado Lista, J, Dominguez Escribano, J, Duran Garcia, S, Elvira Gonzalez, J, Fernandez Rodriguez, J, Goday Arno, A, Gomez Huelgas, R, Gonzalez Juanatey, J, Hernandez Mijares, A, Jimenez Diaz, V, Jodar Gimeno, E, Lucas Morante, T, Marazuela, M, Martell Claros, N, Mauricio Puente, D, Mena Ribas, E, Merino Torres, J, Mezquita Raya, P, Nubiola Calonge, A, Ordonez Sanchez, X, Pascual Izuel, J, Perea Castilla, V, Perez Perez, A, Perez Soto, I, Quesada Charneco, M, Quesada Simon, A, Redon Mas, J, Rego Iraeta, A, Rodriguez Alvarez, M, Rodriguez Rodriguez, I, Saban Ruiz, J, Soto Gonzalez, A, Tinahones Madueno, F, Trescoli Serrano, C, Ulied Arminana, A, Bachus, E, Berndtsson Blom, K, Eliasson, K, Koskinen, P, Larnefeldt, H, Lif-Tiberg, C, Linderfalk, C, Lund, G, Lundman, P, Moris, L, Olsson, A, Salmonsson, S, Sanmartin Berglund, J, Sjoberg, F, Soderberg, S, Torstensson, I, Chen, J, Tien, K, Tseng, S, Tu, S, Wang, C, Wang, J, Phrommintikul, A, Yamwong, S, Jintapakorn, W, Hutayanon, P, Sansanayudh, N, Bazhan, L, Fushtey, I, Grachova, M, Katerenchuk, V, Korpachev, V, Kravchun, N, Larin, O, Mykhalchyshyn, G, Myshanych, H, Oleksyk, O, Orlenko, V, Pashkovska, N, Pertseva, N, Petrosyan, O, Smirnov, I, Vlasenko, M, Zlova, T, Aye, M, Baksi, A, Balasubramani, M, Beboso, R, Blagden, M, Bundy, C, Cookson, T, Copland, A, Emslie-Smith, A, Green, F, Gunstone, A, Issa, B, Jackson-Voyzey, E, Johnson, A, Maclean, M, Mcknight, J, Muzulu, S, O'Connell, I, Oyesile, B, Patterson, C, Pearson, E, Philip, S, Smith, P, Sukumaran, U, Abbas, J, Aggarwala, G, Akhter, F, Andersen, J, Anglade, M, Argoud, G, Ariani, M, Ashdji, R, Bakhtari, L, Banerjee, S, Bartlett, A, Baum, H, Bays, H, Beasley, R, Belfort de Aguiar, R, Benjamin, S, Bhagwat, R, Bhargava, A, Bode, B, Bratcher, C, Briskin, T, Brockmyre, A, Broughton, R, Brown, J, Budhraja, M, Cannon, K, Carr, J, Cathcart, H, Cavale, A, Chaykin, L, Cheung, D, Childress, R, Cohen, A, Condit, J, Cooksey, E, Cornett, G, Dauber, I, Davila, W, De Armas, L, Dean, J, Detweiler, R, Diaz, E, Di Giovanna, M, Dor, I, Drummond, W, Eagerton, D, Earl, J, Eaton, C, Ellison, H, Farris, N, Fiel, T, Firek, A, First, B, Forgosh, L, French, W, Gandy, W, Garcia, R, Gill, S, Gordon, M, Guice, M, Gummadi, S, Hackenyos, J, Hairston, K, Hanson, L, Harrison, L, Hartman, I, Heitner, J, Hejeebu, S, Hermany, P, Hernandez-Cassis, C, Hidalgo, H, Higgins, A, Ibrahim, H, Jacobs, S, Johnson, D, Joshi, P, Kaster, S, Kellum, D, Kim, E, Kirby, W, Knouse, A, Kulback, S, Kumar, M, Kuruvanka, T, Labroo, A, Lasswell, W, Lentz, J, Lenzmeier, T, Lewis, D, Li, Z, Lillestol, M, Little, R, Lorraine, R, McKeown-Biagas, C, Mcneill, R, Mehta, A, Miller, A, Moran, J, Morawski, E, Nadar, V, O'Connor, T, Odio, A, Parker, R, Patel, R, Phillips, L, Raad, G, Rahman, A, Raikhel, M, Raisinghani, A, Rajan, R, Rasouli, N, Rauzi, F, Rohr, K, Roseman, H, Rovner, S, Saba, F, Sachson, R, Schabauer, A, Schneider, R, Schuchard, T, Sensenbrenner, J, Shlesinger, Y, Singh, N, Sivalingam, K, Stonesifer, L, Storey, D, Suh, D, Tahir, M, Tan, A, Tan, M, Taylon, A, Thakkar, M, Tripathy, D, Uwaifo, G, Vedere, A, Venugopal, C, Vo, A, Welch, M, Welker, J, White, A, Willis, J, Wynne, A, Yazdani, S, Price, L, Lokhngina, Y, Xing, W, Overton, R, Stewart, M, Stead, J, Lindsay, A, Patel, V, Ross, J, Soffer, J, Daga, S, Sowell, M, Patel, P, Garvey, L, Ackert, J, Abraham, S, Sabol, M, Altobelli, D, Ha, J, Kulkarni, M, Noronha, D, Casson, E, Zang, E, Sandhu, C, Kumar, R, Chen, D, Taft, L, Ye, J, Shannon, J, Wilson, T, Babi, C, Miller, D, Russell, R, Bull, G, Hereghty, B, Fernandez-Salazar, E, Longley, T, Donaldson, J, Jarosz, M, Murphy, K, Adams, P, James, R, Richards, J, Sedani, S, Althouse, D, Watson, D, Lorimer, J, Lauder, S, Schultheis, R, Womer, T, Wraight, E, Li, W, Price-Olsen, E, Watson, A, Kelly, A, Mclaughlin, P, Fleming, J, Schubert, J, Schleiden, D, Harris, T, Prakash, R, Breneman, J, Deshpande, S, Saswadkar, A, Kumari, A, Shitut, A, Raorane, A, Karmalkar, A, Mhambrey, A, Bhosale, A, Vaphare, A, Patil, A, Khandelwal, C, Shaik, F, Nadar, M, Karka, M, Kadgaonkar, N, Gupta, N, Aher, N, Potnis, O, Naicker, P, Shinde, R, Sharma, R, Godse, R, Solanki, S, Sahu, S, Dumbre, S, Kumar, S, Patil, S, Mandal, T, Hernandez A. F., Green J. B., Janmohamed S., D'Agostino R. B., Granger C. B., Jones N. P., Leiter L. A., Rosenberg A. E., Sigmon K. N., Somerville M. C., Thorpe K. M., McMurray J. J. V., Del Prato S., Califf R. M., Holman R., DeMets D., Riddle M., Goodman S., McGuire D., Alexander K., Devore A., Melloni C., Patel C., Kong D., Bloomfield G., Roe M., Tricoci P., Harrison R., Lopes R., Mathews R., Mehta R., Schuyler Jones W., Vemulapalli S., Povsic T., Eapen Z., Dombrowski K., Kolls B., Jordan D., Ambrosy A., Greene S., Mandawat A., Shavadia J., Cooper L., Sharma A., Guimaraes P., Friedman D., Wilson M., Endsley P., Gentry T., Collier J., Perez K., James K., Roush J., Pope C., Howell C., Johnson M., Bailey M., Cole J., Akers T., Vandyne B., Thomas B., Rich J., Bartone S., Beaulieu G., Brown K., Chau T., Christian T., Coker R., Greene D., Haddock T., Jenkins W., Haque G., Marquess M., Pesarchick J., Rethaford R., Stone A., Al Kawas F., Anderson M., Enns R., Sinay I., Mathieu C., Yordanov V., Hramiak I., Haluzik M., Galatius S., Guerci B., Nauck M., Migdalis I., Tan C. B. K., Kocsis G., Giaccari A., Lee M. K., Munoz E. G. C., Cornel J., Birkeland K., Pinto M., Tirador L., Olesinska-Mader M., Shestakova M., Distiller L., Lopez-Sendon J., Eliasson B., Chiang C. -E., Srimahachota S., Mankovsky B., Bethel M. A., Dungan K., Kosiborod M., Alvarisqueta A., Baldovino J., Besada D., Calella P., Cantero M. C., Castano P., Chertkoff A., Cuadrado J., De Loredo L., Dominguez A., Espanol M. V., Finkelstein H., Frechtel G., Fretes J., Garrido Santos N., Gonzalez J., Litvak M., Loureyro J., Maffei L., Maldonado N., Mohr Gasparini D., Orio S., Perez Manghi F., Rodriguez Papini N., Sala J., Schygiel P., Sposetti G., Ulla M., Verra F., Zabalua S., Zaidman C., Crenier L., Debroye C., Duyck F., Scheen A., Van Gaal L., Vercammen C., Damyanova V., Dimitrov S., Kovacheva S., Lozanov L., Margaritov V., Mihaylova-Shumkova R., Nikolaeva A., Stoyanova Z., Akhras R., Beaudry Y., Bedard J., Berlingieri J., Chehayeb R., Cheung S., Conway J., Cusson J., Della Siega A., Dumas R., Dzongowski P., Ferguson M., Gaudet D., Grondin F., Gupta A., Gupta M., Halperin F., Houle P. -A., Jones M., Kouz S., Kovacs C., Landry D., Lonn E., O'Mahony W., Peterson S., Reich D., Rosenbloom A., St-Maurice F., Tugwell B., Vizel S., Woo V., Brychta T., Cech V., Dvorakova E., Edelsberger T., Halciakova K., Krizova J., Lastuvka J., Piperek M., Prymkova V., Raclavska L., Silhova E., Urbanek R., Vrkoc J., Andersen U., Bronnum-Schou J., Hove J., Jensen J. S., Kober L., Kristiansen O. P., Lund P., Melchior T., Nyvad O., Schou M., Boye A., Cadinot D., Gouet D., Henry P., Kessler L., Lalau J. -D., Petit C., Thuan J. -F., Voinot C., Vouillarmet J., Axthelm C., Berger D., Bieler T., Birkenfeld A., Bott J., Busch K., Caca K., Chevts J., Donaubauer T., Erlinger R., Funke K., Grosskopf J., Hagenow A., Hamann M., Hartard M., Heymer P., Huppertz W., Illies G., Jacob S., Jung T., Kahrmann G., Kast P., Kellerer M., Kempe H. -P., Khariouzov A., Klausmann G., Klein C., Kleinecke-Pohl U., Kleinertz K., Koch T., Kosch C., Lorra B., Luedemann J., Luttermann M., Maxeiner S., Milek K., Moelle A., Neumann G., Nischik R., Oehrig-Pohl E., Plassmann G., Pohlmeier L., Proepper F., Regner S., Rieker W., Rose L., Samer H., Sauter J., Schaper F., Schiffer C., Schmidt J., Scholz B. -M., Schulze J., Segner A., Seufert J., Sigal H., Steindorf J., Stockhausen J., Stuebler P., Taeschner H., Tews D., Tschoepe D., Wilhelm K., Zeller-Stefan H., Avramidis I., Bousboulas S., Bristianou M., Dimitriadis G., Elisaf M., Kotsa K., Melidonis A., Mitrakou A., Pagkalos E., Papanas N., Pappas A., Sampanis C., Tentolouris N., Tsapas A., Tzatzagou G., Ozaki R., Hajdu C., Harcsa E., Konyves L., Mucsi J., Pauker Z., Petro G., Ples Z., Revesz K., Sandor V., Vass V., Avogaro A., Boemi M., Bonadonna R., Consoli A., De Cosmo S., Di Bartolo P., Dotta F., Frontoni S., Galetta M., Gambineri A., Gazzaruso C., Giorgino F., Lauro D., Orsi E., Paolisso G., Perriello G., Piatti P., Pontiroli A., Ponzani P., Rivellese A. A., Sesti G., Tonolo G., Trevisan R., Ahn C. W., Baik S. -H., Cha B. -S., Chung C. -H., Jang H. C., Kim C. -J., Kim H. S., Kim I. J., Lee E. Y., Lee H. W., Lee K. -W., Moon K. -W., Namgung J., Park K. S., Yoo S. J., Yu J., Llamas E. -A. B., Cervantes-Escarcega J. -L., Flota-Cervera L. F., Gonzalez-Gonzalez J. G., Pascoe-Gonzalez S., Pelayo-Orozco E. S., Ramirez-Diaz S. -P., Saldana-Mendoza A., Jerjes-Diaz C. S., Torres-Colores J. J., Vidrio-Velazquez M., Villagordoa-Mesa J., Beijerbacht H. P., Groutars R. G. E. J., Hoek B. A., Hoogslag P. A. M., Kooy A., Kragten J. A., Lieverse A. G., Swart H. P., Viergever E. P., Ahlqvist J., Cooper J., Gulseth H., Guttormsen G., Wium C., Arbanil H., Calderon J., Camacho L., Espinoza A. D., Garrido E., Luna A., Manrique H., Revoredo F. M., Gonzales R. V., Rincon L. Z., Zubiate C., Ebo G., Morales-Palomares E., Arciszewska M., Banach M., Bijata-Bronisz R., Derezinski T., Gadzinski W., Gajek J., Klodawska K., Krzyzagorska E., Madej A., Miekus P., Opiela J., Romanczuk P., Siegel A., Skokowska E., Stankiewicz A., Stasinska T., Trznadel-Morawska I., Witek R., Aksentyev S., Bondar I., Demidova I., Dreval A., Ershova O., Galstyan G., Garganeeva A., Izmozherova N., Karetnikova V., Kharakhulakh M., Khokhlov A., Kobalava Z., Koshelskaya O., Kosmacheva E., Kostin V., Koziolova N., Kuzin A., Lesnov V., Lysenko T., Markov V., Mayorov A., Moiseev S., Myasoedova S., Petunina N., Rebrov A., Ruyatkina L., Samoylova J., Sazonova O., Shilkina N., Sokolova N., Vasilevskaya O., Verbovaya N., Vishneva E., Vorobyev S., Vorokhobina N., Zanozina O., Zhdanova E., Zykova T., Burgess L., Coetzee K., Dawood S., Lombard L., Makotoko E., Moodley R., Oosthuysen W., Sarvan M., Calvo Gomez C., Cano Rodriguez I., Castro Conde A., Cequier Fillat A., Cuatrecasas Cambra G., de Alvaro Moreno F., De Teresa Parreno L., Delgado Lista J., Dominguez Escribano J. R., Duran Garcia S., Elvira Gonzalez J., Fernandez Rodriguez J. M., Goday Arno A., Gomez Huelgas R., Gonzalez Juanatey J. R., Hernandez Mijares A., Jimenez Diaz V. A., Jodar Gimeno E., Lucas Morante T., Marazuela M., Martell Claros N., Mauricio Puente D., Mena Ribas E., Merino Torres J. F., Mezquita Raya P., Nubiola Calonge A., Ordonez Sanchez X., Pascual Izuel J. M., Perea Castilla V., Perez Perez A., Perez Soto I., Quesada Charneco M., Quesada Simon A., Redon Mas J., Rego Iraeta A., Rodriguez Alvarez M., Rodriguez Rodriguez I., Saban Ruiz J., Soto Gonzalez A., Tinahones Madueno F., Trescoli Serrano C., Ulied Arminana A., Bachus E., Berndtsson Blom K., Eliasson K., Koskinen P., Larnefeldt H., Lif-Tiberg C., Linderfalk C., Lund G., Lundman P., Moris L., Olsson A., Salmonsson S., Sanmartin Berglund J., Sjoberg F., Soderberg S., Torstensson I., Chen J. -F., Tien K. J., Tseng S. -T., Tu S. -T., Wang C. -Y., Wang J. -H., Phrommintikul A., Yamwong S., Jintapakorn W., Hutayanon P., Sansanayudh N., Bazhan L., Fushtey I., Grachova M., Katerenchuk V., Korpachev V., Kravchun N., Larin O., Mykhalchyshyn G., Myshanych H., Oleksyk O., Orlenko V., Pashkovska N., Pertseva N., Petrosyan O., Smirnov I., Vlasenko M., Zlova T., Aye M., Baksi A., Balasubramani M., Beboso R., Blagden M., Bundy C., Cookson T., Copland A., Emslie-Smith A., Green F., Gunstone A., Issa B., Jackson-Voyzey E., Johnson A., Maclean M., McKnight J., Muzulu S., O'Connell I., Oyesile B., Patterson C., Pearson E., Philip S., Smith P., Sukumaran U., Abbas J., Aggarwala G., Akhter F., Andersen J., Anglade M., Argoud G., Ariani M., Ashdji R., Bakhtari L., Banerjee S., Bartlett A., Baum H., Bays H., Beasley R., Belfort de Aguiar R., Benjamin S., Bhagwat R., Bhargava A., Bode B., Bratcher C., Briskin T., Brockmyre A., Broughton R., Brown J., Budhraja M., Cannon K., Carr J., Cathcart H., Cavale A., Chaykin L., Cheung D., Childress R., Cohen A., Condit J., Cooksey E., Cornett G. M., Dauber I., Davila W., De Armas L., Dean J., Detweiler R., Diaz E., Di Giovanna M., Dor I., Drummond W., Eagerton D., Earl J., Eaton C., Ellison H., Farris N., Fiel T., Firek A., First B., Forgosh L., French W., Gandy W., Garcia R., Gill S., Gordon M., Guice M., Gummadi S., Hackenyos J., Hairston K., Hanson L., Harrison L., Hartman I., Heitner J., Hejeebu S., Hermany P., Hernandez-Cassis C., Hidalgo H., Higgins A., Ibrahim H., Jacobs S., Johnson D., Joshi P., Kaster S., Kellum D., Kim C., Kim E., Kirby W., Knouse A., Kulback S., Kumar M., Kuruvanka T., Labroo A., Lasswell W., Lentz J., Lenzmeier T., Lewis D., Li Z., Lillestol M., Little R., Lorraine R., McKeown-Biagas C., McNeill R., Mehta A., Miller A., Moran J., Morawski E., Nadar V., O'Connor T., Odio A., Parker R., Patel R., Phillips L., Raad G., Rahman A., Raikhel M., Raisinghani A., Rajan R., Rasouli N., Rauzi F., Rohr K., Roseman H., Rovner S., Saba F., Sachson R., Schabauer A., Schneider R., Schuchard T., Sensenbrenner J., Shlesinger Y., Singh N., Sivalingam K., Stonesifer L., Storey D., Suh D., Tahir M., Tan A., Tan M., Taylon A., Thakkar M., Tripathy D., Uwaifo G., Vedere A., Venugopal C., Vo A., Welch M., Welker J., White A., Willis J., Wynne A., Yazdani S., Price L., Lokhngina Y., Xing W., Overton R., Stewart M., Stead J., Lindsay A., Patel V., Ross J., Soffer J., Daga S., Sowell M., Patel P., Garvey L., Ackert J., Abraham S., Sabol M. B., Altobelli D., Ha J., Kulkarni M., Noronha D., Casson E., Zang E., Sandhu C., Kumar R., Chen D., Taft L., Ye J., Shannon J., Wilson T., Babi C., Miller D., Russell R., Bull G., Hereghty B., Fernandez-Salazar E., Longley T., Donaldson J., Jarosz M., Murphy K., Adams P., James R., Richards J., Sedani S., Althouse D., Watson D., Lorimer J., Lauder S., Schultheis R., Womer T., Wraight E., Li W., Price-Olsen E., Watson A., Kelly A., McLaughlin P., Fleming J., Schubert J., Schleiden D., Harris T., Prakash R., Breneman J., Deshpande S., Saswadkar A., Kumari A., Shitut A., Raorane A., Karmalkar A., Mhambrey A., Bhosale A., Vaphare A., Patil A. P., Khandelwal C., Shaik F., Nadar M., Karka M., Kadgaonkar N., Gupta N., Aher N., Potnis O., Naicker P., Shinde R., Sharma R., Godse R., Solanki S., Sahu S., Dumbre S., Kumar S., Patil S., Mandal T., Hernandez, A, Green, J, Janmohamed, S, D'Agostino, R, Granger, C, Jones, N, Leiter, L, Rosenberg, A, Sigmon, K, Somerville, M, Thorpe, K, Mcmurray, J, Del Prato, S, Califf, R, Holman, R, Demets, D, Riddle, M, Goodman, S, Mcguire, D, Alexander, K, Devore, A, Melloni, C, Patel, C, Kong, D, Bloomfield, G, Roe, M, Tricoci, P, Harrison, R, Lopes, R, Mathews, R, Mehta, R, Schuyler Jones, W, Vemulapalli, S, Povsic, T, Eapen, Z, Dombrowski, K, Kolls, B, Jordan, D, Ambrosy, A, Greene, S, Mandawat, A, Shavadia, J, Cooper, L, Sharma, A, Guimaraes, P, Friedman, D, Wilson, M, Endsley, P, Gentry, T, Collier, J, Perez, K, James, K, Roush, J, Pope, C, Howell, C, Johnson, M, Bailey, M, Cole, J, Akers, T, Vandyne, B, Thomas, B, Rich, J, Bartone, S, Beaulieu, G, Brown, K, Chau, T, Christian, T, Coker, R, 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Kovacheva, S, Lozanov, L, Margaritov, V, Mihaylova-Shumkova, R, Nikolaeva, A, Stoyanova, Z, Akhras, R, Beaudry, Y, Bedard, J, Berlingieri, J, Chehayeb, R, Cheung, S, Conway, J, Cusson, J, Della Siega, A, Dumas, R, Dzongowski, P, Ferguson, M, Gaudet, D, Grondin, F, Gupta, A, Gupta, M, Halperin, F, Houle, P, Jones, M, Kouz, S, Kovacs, C, Landry, D, Lonn, E, O'Mahony, W, Peterson, S, Reich, D, Rosenbloom, A, St-Maurice, F, Tugwell, B, Vizel, S, Woo, V, Brychta, T, Cech, V, Dvorakova, E, Edelsberger, T, Halciakova, K, Krizova, J, Lastuvka, J, Piperek, M, Prymkova, V, Raclavska, L, Silhova, E, Urbanek, R, Vrkoc, J, Andersen, U, Bronnum-Schou, J, Hove, J, Jensen, J, Kober, L, Kristiansen, O, Lund, P, Melchior, T, Nyvad, O, Schou, M, Boye, A, Cadinot, D, Gouet, D, Henry, P, Kessler, L, Lalau, J, Petit, C, Thuan, J, Voinot, C, Vouillarmet, J, Axthelm, C, Berger, D, Bieler, T, Birkenfeld, A, Bott, J, Busch, K, Caca, K, Chevts, J, Donaubauer, T, Erlinger, R, Funke, K, Grosskopf, J, Hagenow, A, 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Abstract: Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were
Published: 2018

8. Conservative versus interventional treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax.

Author: Ball E.L., Kwan B.C.H., Lam K.V., Lee Y.C.G., Nowitz M., Read C.A., Simpson G., Smith J.A., Summers Q.A., Weatherall M., Beasley R., Keijzers G., Jones P.G., Egerton-Warburton D., Braithwaite I., Asha S.E., Kinnear F.B., Brown S.G.A., Perrin K., Ball E.L., Kwan B.C.H., Lam K.V., Lee Y.C.G., Nowitz M., Read C.A., Simpson G., Smith J.A., Summers Q.A., Weatherall M., Beasley R., Keijzers G., Jones P.G., Egerton-Warburton D., Braithwaite I., Asha S.E., Kinnear F.B., Brown S.G.A., and Perrin K.
Abstract: Background: Whether conservative management is an acceptable alternative to interventional management for uncomplicated, moderate-to-large primary spontaneous pneumothorax is unknown. Method(s): In this open-label, multicenter, noninferiority trial, we recruited patients 14 to 50 years of age with a first-known, unilateral, moderate-to-large primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Patients were randomly assigned to immediate interventional management of the pneumothorax (intervention group) or a conservative observational approach (conservative-management group) and were followed for 12 months. The primary outcome was lung reexpansion within 8 weeks. Result(s): A total of 316 patients underwent randomization (154 patients to the intervention group and 162 to the conservative-management group). In the conservativemanagement group, 25 patients (15.4%) underwent interventions to manage the pneumothorax, for reasons prespecified in the protocol, and 137 (84.6%) did not undergo interventions. In a complete-case analysis in which data were not available for 23 patients in the intervention group and 37 in the conservative-management group, reexpansion within 8 weeks occurred in 129 of 131 patients (98.5%) with interventional management and in 118 of 125 (94.4%) with conservative management (risk difference, -4.1 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -8.6 to 0.5; P = 0.02 for noninferiority); the lower boundary of the 95% confidence interval was within the prespecified noninferiority margin of -9 percentage points. In a sensitivity analysis in which all missing data after 56 days were imputed as treatment failure (with reexpansion in 129 of 138 patients [93.5%] in the intervention group and in 118 of 143 [82.5%] in the conservative-management group), the risk difference of -11.0 percentage points (95% CI, -18.4 to -3.5) was outside the prespecified noninferiority margin. Conservative management resulted in a lower risk of serious adverse events or pneumothorax recurren
Published: 2020

9. Conservative oxygen therapy for mechanically ventilated adults with sepsis: a post hoc analysis of data from the intensive care unit randomized trial comparing two approaches to oxygen therapy (ICU-ROX)

Author: Young, P, Mackle, D, Bellomo, R, Bailey, M, Beasley, R, Deane, A, Eastwood, G, Finfer, S, Freebairn, R, King, V, Linke, N, Litton, E, McArthur, C, McGuinness, S, Panwar, R, Young, P, Mackle, D, Bellomo, R, Bailey, M, Beasley, R, Deane, A, Eastwood, G, Finfer, S, Freebairn, R, King, V, Linke, N, Litton, E, McArthur, C, McGuinness, S, and Panwar, R
Abstract: PURPOSE: Sepsis is a common reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality in ICU patients. Despite increasing interest in treatment strategies limiting oxygen exposure in ICU patients, no trials have compared conservative vs. usual oxygen in patients with sepsis. METHODS: We undertook a post hoc analysis of the 251 patients with sepsis enrolled in a trial that compared conservative oxygen therapy with usual oxygen therapy in 1000 mechanically ventilated ICU patients. The primary end point for the current analysis was 90-day mortality. Key secondary outcomes were cause-specific mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay, ventilator-free days, vasopressor-free days, and the proportion of patients receiving renal replacement therapy in the ICU. RESULTS: Patients with sepsis allocated to conservative oxygen therapy spent less time in the ICU with an SpO2 ≥ 97% (23.5 h [interquartile range (IQR) 8-70] vs. 47 h [IQR 11-93], absolute difference, 23 h; 95% CI 8-38), and more time receiving an FiO2 of 0.21 than patients allocated to usual oxygen therapy (20.5 h [IQR 1-79] vs. 0 h [IQR 0-10], absolute difference, 20 h; 95% CI 14-26). At 90-days, 47 of 130 patients (36.2%) assigned to conservative oxygen and 35 of 120 patients (29.2%) assigned to usual oxygen had died (absolute difference, 7 percentage points; 95% CI - 4.6 to 18.6% points; P = 0.24; interaction P = 0.35 for sepsis vs. non-sepsis). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for secondary outcomes but point estimates of treatment effects consistently favored usual oxygen therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Point estimates for the treatment effect of conservative oxygen therapy on 90-day mortality raise the possibility of clinically important harm with this intervention in patients with sepsis; however, our post hoc analysis was not powered to detect the effects suggested and our data do not exclude clinically important benefit or harm from conservative oxygen therapy in this patient grou
Published: 2020

10. Conservative Oxygen Therapy during Mechanical Ventilation in the ICU

Author: Mackle, D, Bellomo, MNR, Bailey, M, Beasley, R, Deane, A, Eastwood, G, Finfer, S, Freebairn, R, King, V, Linke, N, Litton, E, McArthur, C, McGuinness, S, Panwar, R, Young, P, Mackle, D, Bellomo, MNR, Bailey, M, Beasley, R, Deane, A, Eastwood, G, Finfer, S, Freebairn, R, King, V, Linke, N, Litton, E, McArthur, C, McGuinness, S, Panwar, R, and Young, P
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients who are undergoing mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) often receive a high fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) and have a high arterial oxygen tension. The conservative use of oxygen may reduce oxygen exposure, diminish lung and systemic oxidative injury, and thereby increase the number of ventilator-free days (days alive and free from mechanical ventilation). METHODS: We randomly assigned 1000 adult patients who were anticipated to require mechanical ventilation beyond the day after recruitment in the ICU to receive conservative or usual oxygen therapy. In the two groups, the default lower limit for oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (Spo2) was 90%. In the conservative-oxygen group, the upper limit of the Spo2 alarm was set to sound when the level reached 97%, and the Fio2 was decreased to 0.21 if the Spo2 was above the acceptable lower limit. In the usual-oxygen group, there were no specific measures limiting the Fio2 or the Spo2. The primary outcome was the number of ventilator-free days from randomization until day 28. RESULTS: The number of ventilator-free days did not differ significantly between the conservative-oxygen group and the usual-oxygen group, with a median duration of 21.3 days (interquartile range, 0 to 26.3) and 22.1 days (interquartile range, 0 to 26.2), respectively, for an absolute difference of -0.3 days (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.1 to 1.6; P = 0.80). The conservative-oxygen group spent more time in the ICU with an Fio2 of 0.21 than the usual-oxygen group, with a median duration of 29 hours (interquartile range, 5 to 78) and 1 hour (interquartile range, 0 to 17), respectively (absolute difference, 28 hours; 95% CI, 22 to 34); the conservative-oxygen group spent less time with an Spo2 exceeding 96%, with a duration of 27 hours (interquartile range, 11 to 63.5) and 49 hours (interquartile range, 22 to 112), respectively (absolute difference, 22 hours; 95% CI, 14 to 30). At 180 days, mo
Published: 2020

11. Conservative oxygen therapy for mechanically ventilated adults with suspected hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy

Author: Young, P, Mackle, D, Bellomo, R, Bailey, M, Beasley, R, Deane, A, Eastwood, G, Finfer, S, Freebairn, R, King, V, Linke, N, Litton, E, McArthur, C, McGuinness, S, Panwar, R, Young, P, Mackle, D, Bellomo, R, Bailey, M, Beasley, R, Deane, A, Eastwood, G, Finfer, S, Freebairn, R, King, V, Linke, N, Litton, E, McArthur, C, McGuinness, S, and Panwar, R
Abstract: PURPOSE: Liberal use of oxygen may contribute to secondary brain injury in patients with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, there are limited data on the effect of different oxygen regimens on survival and neurological disability in HIE patients. METHODS: We undertook a post-hoc analysis of the 166 patients with suspected HIE enrolled in a trial comparing conservative oxygen therapy with usual oxygen therapy in 1000 mechanically ventilated ICU patients. The primary endpoint for the current analysis was death or unfavourable neurological outcome at day 180. Key secondary outcomes were day 180 mortality, and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: Patients with HIE allocated to conservative oxygen spent less time in the ICU with an SpO2 ≥ 97% (26 h [interquartile range (IQR) 13-45 vs. 35 h [IQR 19-70], absolute difference, 9 h; 95% CI - 21.4 to 3.4). A total of 43 of 78 patients (55.1%) assigned to conservative oxygen and 49 of 72 patients (68.1%) assigned to usual oxygen died or had an unfavourable neurological outcome at day 180; odds ratio 0.58; 95% CI 0.3-1.12; P = 0.1 adjusted odds ratio 0.54; 95% CI 0.23-1.26; P = 0.15. A total of 37 of 86 patients (43%) assigned to conservative oxygen and 46 of 78 (59%) assigned to usual oxygen had died by day 180; odds ratio 0.53; 95% CI 0.28-0.98; P = 0.04; adjusted odds ratio 0.56; 95% CI 0.25-1.23; P = 0.15. Cause-specific mortality was similar by treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative oxygen therapy was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in death or unfavourable neurological outcomes at day 180. The potential for important benefit or harm from conservative oxygen therapy in HIE patients is not excluded by these data.
Published: 2020

12. Nasal gene expression changes with inhaled corticosteroid treatment in asthma.

Author: Boudewijn, IM, Lan, A, Faiz, A, Cox, CA, Brouwer, S, Schokker, S, Vroegop, SJ, Nawijn, MC, Woodruff, PG, Christenson, SA, Hagedoorn, P, Frijlink, HW, Choy, DF, Brouwer, U, Wisman, M, Postma, DS, Fingleton, J, Beasley, R, van den Berge, M, Guryev, V, Boudewijn, IM, Lan, A, Faiz, A, Cox, CA, Brouwer, S, Schokker, S, Vroegop, SJ, Nawijn, MC, Woodruff, PG, Christenson, SA, Hagedoorn, P, Frijlink, HW, Choy, DF, Brouwer, U, Wisman, M, Postma, DS, Fingleton, J, Beasley, R, van den Berge, M, and Guryev, V
Published: 2020

13. Prospective observational study in patients with obstructive lung disease: NOVELTY design

Author: Reddel, HK, de Verdier, MG, Agusti, A, Anderson, G, Beasley, R, Bel, EH, Janson, C, Make, B, Martin, RJ, Pavord, I, Price, D, Keen, C, Gardev, A, Rennard, S, Svereus, A, Bansal, AT, Brannman, L, Karlsson, N, Nuevo, J, Nyberg, F, Young, SS, Vestbo, J, Reddel, HK, de Verdier, MG, Agusti, A, Anderson, G, Beasley, R, Bel, EH, Janson, C, Make, B, Martin, RJ, Pavord, I, Price, D, Keen, C, Gardev, A, Rennard, S, Svereus, A, Bansal, AT, Brannman, L, Karlsson, N, Nuevo, J, Nyberg, F, Young, SS, and Vestbo, J
Abstract: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have overlapping clinical features and share pathobiological mechanisms but are often considered distinct disorders. Prospective, observational studies across asthma, COPD and asthma-COPD overlap are limited. NOVELTY is a global, prospective observational 3-year study enrolling ∼12 000 patients ≥12 years of age from primary and specialist clinical practices in 19 countries (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02760329). NOVELTY's primary objectives are to describe patient characteristics, treatment patterns and disease burden over time, and to identify phenotypes and molecular endotypes associated with differential outcomes over time in patients with a diagnosis/suspected diagnosis of asthma and/or COPD. NOVELTY aims to recruit real-world patients, unlike clinical studies with restrictive inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data collected at yearly intervals include clinical assessments, spirometry, biospecimens, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and healthcare utilisation (HCU). PROs and HCU will also be collected 3-monthly via internet/telephone. Data will be used to identify phenotypes and endotypes associated with different trajectories for symptom burden, clinical progression or remission and HCU. Results may allow patient classification across obstructive lung disease by clinical outcomes and biomarker profile, rather than by conventional diagnostic labels and severity categories. NOVELTY will provide a rich data source on obstructive lung disease, to help improve patient outcomes and aid novel drug development.
Published: 2019

14. Can environment or allergy explain international variation in prevalence of wheeze in childhood?

Author: Weinmayr, G., Jaensch, A., Ruelius, A. -K., Forastiere, F., Strachan, D. P., Weiland, S. K., Buchele, G., Dentler, C., Rzehak, P., Priftanji, A., Shkurti, A., Simenati, J., Grabocka, E., Shyti, K., Agolli, S., Gurakuqi, A., Stein, R. T., de Pereira, M. U., Jones, M. H., Pitrez, P. M., Cooper, P. J., Chico, M., Chen, Y. Z., Zhong, N. S., Lai, C. K. W., Wong, G. W. K., Riikjarv, M. -A., Annus, T., Annesi-Maesano, I., Gotua, M., Rukhadze, M., Abramidze, T., Kvachadze, I., Karsanidze, L., Kiladze, M., Dolidze, N., Leupold, W., Keil, U., von Mutius, E., Arthur, P., Addo-Yobo, E., Gratziou, C., Priftis, K., Papadopoulou, A., Katsardis, C., Tsanakas, J., Hatziagorou, E., Kirvassilis, F., Clausen, M., Shah, J. R., Mathur, R. S., Khubchandani, R. P., Mantri, S., Di Domenicantonio, R., De Sario, M., Sammarro, S., Pistelli, R., Serra, M. G., Corbo, G., Perucci, C. A., Svabe, V., Sebre, D., Casno, G., Novikova, I., Bagrade, L., Brunekreef, B., Schram, D., Doekes, G., Jansen-van Vliet, P. H. N., Janssen, N. A. H., Aarts, F. J. H., de Meer, G., Crane, J., Wickens, K., Barry, D., Nystad, W., Bolle, R., Lund, E., Batlles Garrido, J., Rubi Ruiz, T., Bonillo Perales, A., Gonzalez Jimenez, Y., Aguirre Rodriguez, J., Momblan deCabo, J., Losilla Maldonado, A., Daza Torres, M., Garcia-Marcos, L., Martinez Torres, A., Guillen Perez, J. J., Pinana Lopez, A., Castejon Robles, S., Garcia Hernandez, G., Martinez Gimeno, A., Moro Rodriguez, A. L., Luna Paredes, C., Gonzalez Gil, I., Morales Suarez-Varela, M. M., Llopis Gonzalez, A., Escribano Montaner, A., Tallon Guerola, M., Braback, L., Kjellman, M., Nilsson, L., Mai, X. -M., Sandin, A., Saraclar, Y., Kuyucu, S., Tuncer, A., Sackesen, C., Sumbuloglu, V., Geyik, P., Kocabas, C., Kaur, B., El-Sharif, N., Nemery, B., Barghuthy, F., Abu Huij, S., Qlebo, M., van Hage, M., Ait-Khaled, N., Anderson, H. R., Flohr, C., Williams, H., Asher, I., Ellwood, P., Stewart, A., Mitchell, E., Pearce, N., Beasley, R., Bjorksten, B., Foliaki, S., Mallol, J., Montefort, S., Odhiambo, J., Robertson, C., Pistelli R. (ORCID:0000-0003-3776-2482), Corbo G. (ORCID:0000-0002-8104-4659), Williams H., Weinmayr, G., Jaensch, A., Ruelius, A. -K., Forastiere, F., Strachan, D. P., Weiland, S. K., Buchele, G., Dentler, C., Rzehak, P., Priftanji, A., Shkurti, A., Simenati, J., Grabocka, E., Shyti, K., Agolli, S., Gurakuqi, A., Stein, R. T., de Pereira, M. U., Jones, M. H., Pitrez, P. M., Cooper, P. J., Chico, M., Chen, Y. Z., Zhong, N. S., Lai, C. K. W., Wong, G. W. K., Riikjarv, M. -A., Annus, T., Annesi-Maesano, I., Gotua, M., Rukhadze, M., Abramidze, T., Kvachadze, I., Karsanidze, L., Kiladze, M., Dolidze, N., Leupold, W., Keil, U., von Mutius, E., Arthur, P., Addo-Yobo, E., Gratziou, C., Priftis, K., Papadopoulou, A., Katsardis, C., Tsanakas, J., Hatziagorou, E., Kirvassilis, F., Clausen, M., Shah, J. R., Mathur, R. S., Khubchandani, R. P., Mantri, S., Di Domenicantonio, R., De Sario, M., Sammarro, S., Pistelli, R., Serra, M. G., Corbo, G., Perucci, C. A., Svabe, V., Sebre, D., Casno, G., Novikova, I., Bagrade, L., Brunekreef, B., Schram, D., Doekes, G., Jansen-van Vliet, P. H. N., Janssen, N. A. H., Aarts, F. J. H., de Meer, G., Crane, J., Wickens, K., Barry, D., Nystad, W., Bolle, R., Lund, E., Batlles Garrido, J., Rubi Ruiz, T., Bonillo Perales, A., Gonzalez Jimenez, Y., Aguirre Rodriguez, J., Momblan deCabo, J., Losilla Maldonado, A., Daza Torres, M., Garcia-Marcos, L., Martinez Torres, A., Guillen Perez, J. J., Pinana Lopez, A., Castejon Robles, S., Garcia Hernandez, G., Martinez Gimeno, A., Moro Rodriguez, A. L., Luna Paredes, C., Gonzalez Gil, I., Morales Suarez-Varela, M. M., Llopis Gonzalez, A., Escribano Montaner, A., Tallon Guerola, M., Braback, L., Kjellman, M., Nilsson, L., Mai, X. -M., Sandin, A., Saraclar, Y., Kuyucu, S., Tuncer, A., Sackesen, C., Sumbuloglu, V., Geyik, P., Kocabas, C., Kaur, B., El-Sharif, N., Nemery, B., Barghuthy, F., Abu Huij, S., Qlebo, M., van Hage, M., Ait-Khaled, N., Anderson, H. R., Flohr, C., Williams, H., Asher, I., Ellwood, P., Stewart, A., Mitchell, E., Pearce, N., Beasley, R., Bjorksten, B., Foliaki, S., Mallol, J., Montefort, S., Odhiambo, J., Robertson, C., Pistelli R. (ORCID:0000-0003-3776-2482), Corbo G. (ORCID:0000-0002-8104-4659), and Williams H.
Abstract: Asthma prevalence in children varies substantially around the world, but the contribution of known risk factors to this international variation is uncertain. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Two studied 8–12 year old children in 30 centres worldwide with parent-completed symptom and risk factor questionnaires and aeroallergen skin prick testing. We used multilevel logistic regression modelling to investigate the effect of adjustment for individual and ecological risk factors on the between-centre variation in prevalence of recent wheeze. Adjustment for single individual-level risk factors changed the centre-level variation from a reduction of up to 8.4% (and 8.5% for atopy) to an increase of up to 6.8%. Modelling the 11 most influential environmental factors among all children simultaneously, the centre-level variation changed little overall (2.4% increase). Modelling only factors that decreased the variance, the 6 most influential factors (synthetic and feather quilt, mother’s smoking, heating stoves, dampness and foam pillows) in combination resulted in a 21% reduction in variance. Ecological (centre-level) risk factors generally explained higher proportions of the variation than did individual risk factors. Single environmental factors and aeroallergen sensitisation measured at the individual (child) level did not explain much of the between-centre variation in wheeze prevalence.
Published: 2019

15. Starting beta-blockers during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Author: Hancox, RJ, Chang, CL, Beasley, R, Jenkins, C, Hancox, RJ, Chang, CL, Beasley, R, and Jenkins, C
Published: 2018

16. Assessment Of US Electronic Medical Records To Guide Feasibility And Design Of The NOVELTY Study

Author: Reddel, H. K., De Verdier, M. Gerhardsson, Agusti, A., Beasley, R., Bel, E. H., Hiller, J., Janson, Christer, Kamauu, A. W., Make, B. J., Martin, R. J., Pavord, I., Postma, D. S., Price, D., Wong, D., Keen, C., Gardev, A., Rennard, S. I., Svereus, A., Bansal, A., Brannman, L., Karlsson, N., Nuevo, J., Nyberg, F., Wang, X., Young, S., Vestbo, J., Reddel, H. K., De Verdier, M. Gerhardsson, Agusti, A., Beasley, R., Bel, E. H., Hiller, J., Janson, Christer, Kamauu, A. W., Make, B. J., Martin, R. J., Pavord, I., Postma, D. S., Price, D., Wong, D., Keen, C., Gardev, A., Rennard, S. I., Svereus, A., Bansal, A., Brannman, L., Karlsson, N., Nuevo, J., Nyberg, F., Wang, X., Young, S., and Vestbo, J.
Published: 2017

17. British Thoracic Society Guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings

Author: O'Driscoll, B R, Howard, L S, Eavis, J, Mak, V, Bajwah, S, Beasley, R, Curtis, K, Davison, A, Dorward, A, Dyer, C, Evans, A, Falconer, L, Fitzpatrick, C, Gibbs, S, Hinshaw, K, Howard, R, Kane, B, Keep, J, Kelly, Carol, Khachi, H, Khan, MAI, Kishen, R, Mansfield, L, Martin, B, Moore, F, Powrie, D, Restrick, L, Roffe, C, Singer, M, Soar, J, Small, I, Ward, L, Whitmore, D, Wedzicha, W, Wijesinghe, M, O'Driscoll, B R, Howard, L S, Eavis, J, Mak, V, Bajwah, S, Beasley, R, Curtis, K, Davison, A, Dorward, A, Dyer, C, Evans, A, Falconer, L, Fitzpatrick, C, Gibbs, S, Hinshaw, K, Howard, R, Kane, B, Keep, J, Kelly, Carol, Khachi, H, Khan, MAI, Kishen, R, Mansfield, L, Martin, B, Moore, F, Powrie, D, Restrick, L, Roffe, C, Singer, M, Soar, J, Small, I, Ward, L, Whitmore, D, Wedzicha, W, and Wijesinghe, M
Abstract: The full Guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings, published in Thorax1 provides an update to the 2008 BTS Emergency oxygen guideline.2 The following is a summary of the recommendations and good practice points. The sections noted to within this summary refer to the full guideline sections.
Published: 2017

18. Body mass index and vigorous physical activity in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study.

Author: Braithwaite, IE, Stewart, AW, Hancox, RJ, Murphy, R, Wall, CR, Beasley, R, Mitchell, EA, ISAAC Phase Three Study Group, Braithwaite, IE, Stewart, AW, Hancox, RJ, Murphy, R, Wall, CR, Beasley, R, Mitchell, EA, and ISAAC Phase Three Study Group
Abstract: AIM: To examine the relationship between reported vigorous physical activity (VPA) and body mass index (BMI) in children (6-7 years) and adolescents (13-14 years). METHODS: In the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three, 75 895 children's parents and 199 502 adolescents answered questions relating to VPA, height and weight. The association between VPA and BMI was analysed using general linear models, adjusting for country gross national index. RESULTS: Compared to children who undertook no VPA, those in the infrequent group (once or twice per week) and those in the frequent group (three or more times per week) had mean (95% CI) BMI values 0.07 kg/m2 (0.03-0.11) and 0.09 kg/m2 (0.03-0.15) greater, respectively (p = 0.001). Compared to adolescents reporting no VPA, those in the infrequent group had a BMI 0.19 kg/m2 (0.15-0.23) greater while those in the frequent group had a BMI 0.01 kg/m2 (-0.03-0.05) greater (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Reported VPA is not associated with lower BMI among children and adolescents. Investigation of VPA and BMI may be best undertaken in conjunction with other variables in the energy expenditure equation. A focus on VPA alone may be an inefficient way to manage BMI.
Published: 2017

19. An Innovative Approach To Study Design : Using Electronic Medical Records To Inform The Feasibility And Design Of The Novelty Study (A Novel Observational Longitudinal Study On Patients With Asthma And/Or Copd)

Author: Reddel, H. K., de Verdier, M. Gerhardsson, Agusti, A., Beasley, R., Bel, E. H., Janson, Christer, Make, B., Martin, R. J., Pavord, I., Postma, D., Price, D., Keen, C., Gardev, A., Rennard, S., Svereus, A., Bansal, A. T., Brannman, L., Karlsson, N., Nuevo, J., Nyberg, F., Young, S., Vestbo, J., Reddel, H. K., de Verdier, M. Gerhardsson, Agusti, A., Beasley, R., Bel, E. H., Janson, Christer, Make, B., Martin, R. J., Pavord, I., Postma, D., Price, D., Keen, C., Gardev, A., Rennard, S., Svereus, A., Bansal, A. T., Brannman, L., Karlsson, N., Nuevo, J., Nyberg, F., Young, S., and Vestbo, J.
Abstract: Correction in Thorax. Vol. 72(3) DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.281corr1
Published: 2016
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20. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of invasive versus conservative management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Author: Brown, SGA, Ball, EL, Perrin, K, Read, CA, Asha, SE, Beasley, R, Egerton-Warburton, D, Jones, PG, Keijzers, G, Kinnear, FB, Kwan, BCH, Lee, YCG, Smith, JA, Summers, QA, Simpson, G, Brown, SGA, Ball, EL, Perrin, K, Read, CA, Asha, SE, Beasley, R, Egerton-Warburton, D, Jones, PG, Keijzers, G, Kinnear, FB, Kwan, BCH, Lee, YCG, Smith, JA, Summers, QA, and Simpson, G
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Current management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is variable, with little evidence from randomised controlled trials to guide treatment. Guidelines emphasise intervention in many patients, which involves chest drain insertion, hospital admission and occasionally surgery. However, there is evidence that conservative management may be effective and safe, and it may also reduce the risk of recurrence. Significant questions remain regarding the optimal initial approach to the management of PSP.
Published: 2016

21. Prospective clinical trial of hepatitis B vaccination in adults with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus

Author: Van der Meeren, O, Peterson, JT, Dionne, M, Beasley, R, Ebeling, PR, Ferguson, M, Nissen, MD, Rheault, P, Simpson, RW, De Ridder, M, Crasta, PD, Miller, JM, Trofa, AF, Van der Meeren, O, Peterson, JT, Dionne, M, Beasley, R, Ebeling, PR, Ferguson, M, Nissen, MD, Rheault, P, Simpson, RW, De Ridder, M, Crasta, PD, Miller, JM, and Trofa, AF
Abstract: UNLABELLED: Objective: Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its complications. HBV vaccination is recommended for adults with diabetes in the United States and other countries. However, few studies have assessed safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in such patients. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in subjects with and without diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Prospective, multi-country controlled study in 21 centers ( www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01627340). Four hundred and sixteen participants with Type-2 diabetes and 258 controls matched for age and body mass index (BMI) (2:1 ratio) received 3-doses of HBV vaccine (Engerix-B™, GSK Vaccines, Belgium) according to a 0, 1, 6 months schedule. Antibodies were measured against HBV surface antigen and expressed as seroprotection rates (anti-HBs ≥10mIU/mL) and geometric mean concentration (GMC). RESULTS: The median age and BMI in patients with diabetes and controls (according-to-protocol cohort) were 54 y and 32.1 kg/m2, and 53 y and 30.8 kg/m2, respectively. Seroprotection rates (GMCs) one month post-dose-3 were 75.4% (147.6 mIU/mL) and 82.0% (384.2 mIU/mL) in patients with diabetes and controls, respectively. Age-stratified seroprotection rates for patients with diabetes were 88.5% (20-39 years), 81.2% (40-49 years), 83.2% (50-59 years), and 58.2% (≥60 years). The overall safety profile of hepatitis B vaccine was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis B vaccine is immunogenic in patients with diabetes and has a similar safety profile to vaccination in healthy controls. Because increasing age was generally associated with a reduction in seroprotection rates, hepatitis B vaccine should be administered as soon as possible after the diagnosis of diabetes.
Published: 2016

22. Early temperature and mortality in critically ill patients with acute neurological diseases: trauma and stroke differ from infection

Author: Saxena, M, Young, P, Pilcher, D, Bailey, M, Harrison, D, Bellomo, R, Finfer, S, Beasley, R, Hyam, J, Menon, D, Rowan, K, Myburgh, J, Saxena, M, Young, P, Pilcher, D, Bailey, M, Harrison, D, Bellomo, R, Finfer, S, Beasley, R, Hyam, J, Menon, D, Rowan, K, and Myburgh, J
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Fever suppression may be beneficial for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, but for patients with meningitis or encephalitis [central nervous system (CNS) infection], the febrile response may be advantageous. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between peak temperature in the first 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and all-cause hospital mortality for acute neurological diseases. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Retrospective cohort design from 2005 to 2013, including 934,159 admissions to 148 ICUs in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) and 908,775 admissions to 236 ICUs in the UK. RESULTS: There were 53,942 (5.8 %) patients in ANZ and 56,696 (6.2 %) patients in the UK with a diagnosis of TBI, stroke or CNS infection. For both the ANZ (P = 0.02) and UK (P < 0.0001) cohorts there was a significant interaction between early peak temperature and CNS infection, indicating that the nature of the relationship between in-hospital mortality and peak temperature differed between TBI/stroke and CNS infection. For patients with CNS infection, elevated peak temperature was not associated with an increased risk of death, relative to the risk at 37-37.4 °C (normothermia). For patients with stroke and TBI, peak temperature below 37 °C and above 39 °C was associated with an increased risk of death, compared to normothermia. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between peak temperature in the first 24 h after ICU admission and in-hospital mortality differs for TBI/stroke compared to CNS infection. For CNS infection, increased temperature is not associated with increased risk of death.
Published: 2015

23. An Inventory of Bristlecone Pine in the Snake, Mount Moriah, Ward Mountain, and Schell Creek Divisions of the Humboldt National Forest

Author: Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Department of Watershed Management, University of Arizona, Klemmedson, James O., Beasley, R. Scott, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Department of Watershed Management, University of Arizona, Klemmedson, James O., and Beasley, R. Scott
Published: 2013

24. Arterial oxygen tension and mortality in mechanically ventilated patients.

Author: Taori G., Beasley R., Bailey M., Pilcher D., Young P., Eastwood G., Bellomo R., Taori G., Beasley R., Bailey M., Pilcher D., Young P., Eastwood G., and Bellomo R.
Abstract: Early hyperoxia may be an independent risk factor for mortality in mechanically ventilated patients. We retrospectively assessed arterial blood gases to determine the 'worst' PaO2 (PaO2 with the highest A-a gradient if FiO2 >=0.5 at any time, or lowest PaO2 if FiO2 <0.5) during the first 24 hours of intensive care unit (ICU) admission for all ventilated adult patients from 150 ICUs between 2000 and 2009. We used multivariate analysis in all patients and defined subgroups to determine the relationship between worst PaO2 and mortality. We also studied the relationship between worst PaO2 in the first 24 hours, admission PaO2 and peak PaO2 in a random cohort of 200 patients. We studied 152,680 patients. Their mean worst PaO2 was 152.4 mmHg (SD 109.7), mean FiO2 was 62% (SD 26) and 49.8% (76,110) had hyperoxia (PaO2 >120 mmHg). Overall, 19% of patients died in ICU and 26% in hospital. After adjusting for site, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, age, FiO2, surgical type, Glasgow Coma Score <15 and year of ICU admission, there was an association between progressively lower PaO2 and increasing in-hospital mortality, but not with increasing levels of hyperoxia. Similar findings were observed with a sensitivity analysis of high FiO2 (>=50%) vs low FiO2 (<50%), and in defined subgroups. Worst PaO2 showed a strong correlation with admission PaO2 (r=0.98) and peak PaO2 within 24 hours of admission (r=0.86). We found there was an association between hypoxia and increased in-hospital mortality, but not with hyperoxia. Our findings differ from previous studies and suggest that the impact of early hyperoxia on mortality remains uncertain.
Published: 2012

25. Rhinovirus is not detectable in peripheral lung tissue after asthma death.

Author: Watson M.W., Bardin P.G., Holgate S.T., Beasley R., Watson M.W., Bardin P.G., Holgate S.T., and Beasley R.
Abstract: Objective: Viral infections are associated with both mild and severe exacerbations of asthma and may therefore be associated with asthma death. As such we hypothesized that it might be possible to detect rhinovirus (RV), the virus most frequently implicated in acute asthma, in lung tissue from patients who died from asthma. Methodology: We studied archival, wax-embedded lung tissue obtained postmortem from: (i) patients who died from asthma (n = 12), (ii) asthma patients with non-asthma-related death (n = 3), and (iii) non-asthmatic individuals who died from unrelated causes (n = 3). A validated reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was used to detect RV. To confirm RNA preservation, RT-PCR was used to detect expression of the constitutive gene adenine-phosphoribosyl-transferase (APRT). Sensitivity of the assay was assessed using wax-embedded RV-infected cells. Result(s): Sensitivity of RT-PCR for RV in wax-embedded sections was similar to previous studies (approximately 100 viral copies). Specimens used for study were predominantly of alveolar and small airway origin (< 2 mm). All tissues examined were negative for the presence of RV mRNA and positive for APRT mRNA. Conclusion(s): RV infection of the lower airway may be an uncommon cause of fatal asthma. Alternatively, RV may not extend to peripheral airways and more proximal tissue sampling or PCR assays for other viruses may be required to determine an association between viral respiratory tract infection and fatal asthma.
Published: 2012

26. How to write research papers and grants: 2011 Asian Pacific Society for Respirology Annual Scientific Meeting Postgraduate Session

Author: Eastwood, Peter, Naughton, M., Calverley, P., Zeng, G., Beasley, R., Robinson, B., Lee, Y., Eastwood, Peter, Naughton, M., Calverley, P., Zeng, G., Beasley, R., Robinson, B., and Lee, Y.
Abstract: This review article summarizes the content of a series of interrelated workshop presentations from the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology held in Shanghai in November, 2011. The article describes tips and strategies for writing research papers and research grant applications and includes discussion of: the role of pulmonologists in research; the debates around the use of the journal impact factor; tips for writing manuscripts and publishing research in high-impact journals; how journals assess manuscripts and the most common reasons editors reject manuscripts; how to write grant applications and what grant panels look for in successful proposals; and how to undertake research in resource-limited countries. © 2012 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.
Published: 2012

27. The Global Lung Initiative 2012 reference values reflect contemporary Australasian spirometry

Author: Hall, Graham, Thompson, B., Stanojevic, S., Abramson, M., Beasley, R., Coates, A., Dent, A., Eckert, B., James, A., Filsell, S., Musk, A., Nolan, G., Dixon, B., O'Dea, C., Savage, J., Stocks, J., Swanney, M., Hall, Graham, Thompson, B., Stanojevic, S., Abramson, M., Beasley, R., Coates, A., Dent, A., Eckert, B., James, A., Filsell, S., Musk, A., Nolan, G., Dixon, B., O'Dea, C., Savage, J., Stocks, J., and Swanney, M.
Abstract: We aimed to ascertain the fit of the European Respiratory Society Global Lung Initiative 2012 reference ranges to contemporary Australasian spirometric data. Z-scores for spirometry from Caucasian subjects aged 4-80 years were calculated. The mean (SD) Z-scores were 0.23 (1.00) for forced expirtory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), 0.23 (1.00) for forced vital capacity (FVC), -0.03 (0.87) for FEV 1 /FVC and 0.07 (0.95) for forced expiratory flows between 25% and 75% of FVC. These results support the use of the Global Lung Initiative 2012 reference ranges to interpret spirometry in Caucasian Australasians.
Published: 2012

28. The evolution of infectious agents in relation to sex in animals and humans : brief discussions of some individual organisms

Author: Reed, David L., Currier, Russell W., Walton, Shelley F., Conrad, Melissa, Sullivan, Steven A., Carlton, Jane M., Read, Timothy D., Severini, Alberto, Tyler, Shaun, Eberle, R., Johnson, Welkin E., Silvestri, Guido, Clarke, Ian N., Lagergård, Teresa, Lukehart, Sheila A., Unemo, Magnus, Shafer, William M., Beasley, R. Palmer, Bergström, Tomas, Norberg, Peter, Davison, Andrew J., Sharp, Paul M., Hahn, Beatrice H., Blomberg, Jonas, Reed, David L., Currier, Russell W., Walton, Shelley F., Conrad, Melissa, Sullivan, Steven A., Carlton, Jane M., Read, Timothy D., Severini, Alberto, Tyler, Shaun, Eberle, R., Johnson, Welkin E., Silvestri, Guido, Clarke, Ian N., Lagergård, Teresa, Lukehart, Sheila A., Unemo, Magnus, Shafer, William M., Beasley, R. Palmer, Bergström, Tomas, Norberg, Peter, Davison, Andrew J., Sharp, Paul M., Hahn, Beatrice H., and Blomberg, Jonas
Abstract: The following series of concise summaries addresses the evolution of infectious agents in relation to sex in animals and humans from the perspective of three specific questions: (1) what have we learned about the likely origin and phylogeny, up to the establishment of the infectious agent in the genital econiche, including the relative frequency of its sexual transmission; (2) what further research is needed to provide additional knowledge on some of these evolutionary aspects; and (3) what evolutionary considerations might aid in providing novel approaches to the more practical clinical and public health issues facing us currently and in the future?
Published: 2011
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29. The all-age spirometry reference ranges reflect contemporary Australasian spirometry

Author: Thompson, B., Stanojevic, S., Abramson, M., Beasley, R., Coates, A., Dent, A., Eckert, B., James, A., Filsell, S., Musk, A., Nolan, G., Dixon, B., O'Dea, C., Savage, J., Stocks, J., Swanney, M., Hall, Graham, Thompson, B., Stanojevic, S., Abramson, M., Beasley, R., Coates, A., Dent, A., Eckert, B., James, A., Filsell, S., Musk, A., Nolan, G., Dixon, B., O'Dea, C., Savage, J., Stocks, J., Swanney, M., and Hall, Graham
Abstract: Background and objective: Advances in statistical modelling have allowed the creation of smoothly changing spirometry reference ranges that apply across a wide age range and better define the lower limit of normal. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement of the Stanojevic 2009 all-age reference ranges to contemporary lung function data to verify the appropriateness of this reference for clinical use in Australia and New Zealand. Methods: Spirometry data from healthy Caucasians measured between 2000-2009 in Australia and New Zealand were collected. Z-scores were calculated for the standard spirometry outcomes based on the all-age reference ranges. Results: Spirometry from 2066 subjects aged 4-80 years (55% male) from 14 centres were eligible. Statistically, the collated contemporary dataset differed from the all-age reference ranges, but these differences were relatively small and clinically irrelevant representing differences of approximately 3% predicted. Significant differences were also observed between some centres and equipment, potentially indicating varying influence of equipment or subject selection. Conclusions: Spirometry from contemporary Australasian healthy subjects fits the all-age reference ranges well. While the current study supports the use of the all-age reference ranges, the between-centre differences highlight the need for spirometry to be used in conjunction with other clinical findings. The 'all-age' spirometry reference equations significantly advance the definition of the normal range of spirometry. The relevance of these equations for contemporary populations and methods has not been tested. Using collated spirometry data from healthy Australasian subjects we showe d that the all-age spirometry equations provide good estimates for contemporary populations. © 2011 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.
Published: 2011

30. Immunization and symptoms of atopic disease in children : results from the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood.

Author: Ross Anderson, H, Poloniecki, J.D., Strachan, D, Beasley, R, Björkstén, Bengt, Asher, I, Ross Anderson, H, Poloniecki, J.D., Strachan, D, Beasley, R, Björkstén, Bengt, and Asher, I
Published: 2001

31. International patterns of tuberculosis and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema

Author: von Mutius, E, Pearce, N, Beasley, R, Cheng, S, von Ehrenstein, O, Björkstén, B, Weiland, S, von Mutius, E, Pearce, N, Beasley, R, Cheng, S, von Ehrenstein, O, Björkstén, B, and Weiland, S
Abstract: Background - An ecological analysis was conducted of the relationship between tuberculosis notification rates and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema in 85 centres from 23 countries in which standardised data are available. These essentially comprised countries in Europe as well as the USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Methods - Tuberculosis notification rates were obtained from the World Health Organization. Data on the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema in 235,477 children aged 13-14 years were based on the responses to the written and video questionnaires from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). The analysis was adjusted for gross national product (GNP) as an estimate of the level of affluence. Results - Tuberculosis notification rates were significantly inversely associated with the lifetime prevalence of wheeze and asthma and the 12 month period prevalence of wheeze at rest as assessed by the video questionnaire. An increase in the tuberculosis notification rates of 25 per 100,000 was associated with an absolute decrease in the prevalence of wheeze ever of 4.7%. Symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the past 12 months were inversely associated with tuberculosis notification rates, but there were no other significant associations with other ISAAC questions on allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or atopic eczema. Conclusions - These findings are consistent with recent experimental evidence which suggests that exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis may reduce the risk of developing asthma.
Published: 2000
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32. Worldwide variations in the prevalence of symptoms of atopic eczema in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.

Author: Williams, H, Robertson, C, Stewart, A, Ait-Khaled, N, Anabwani, G, Andersson, R, Asher, I, Beasley, R, Björkstén, B, Burr, M, Clayton, T, Crane, J, Ellwood, P, Keil, U, Lai, C, Javier, M, Martinez, F, Mitchell, E, Montefort, S, Pearce, N, Jayant, S, Sibbald, B, Strachan, D, von Mutius, E, Weiland, SK, Williams, H, Robertson, C, Stewart, A, Ait-Khaled, N, Anabwani, G, Andersson, R, Asher, I, Beasley, R, Björkstén, B, Burr, M, Clayton, T, Crane, J, Ellwood, P, Keil, U, Lai, C, Javier, M, Martinez, F, Mitchell, E, Montefort, S, Pearce, N, Jayant, S, Sibbald, B, Strachan, D, von Mutius, E, and Weiland, SK
Published: 1999

33. Investigation of EM31 anomalies at Yarramanbah/Pump Station Creek, on the Liverpool Plains of New South Wales. April 1998.

Author: Acworth, R. I., Water Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW, Beasley, R., Water Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW, Acworth, R. I., Water Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW, and Beasley, R., Water Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW
Abstract: Describes the results of a detailed investigation program of the black soils of the Liverpool Plains, New South Wales, to determine the origin of high bulk electrical conductivity anomalies measured using a GEONICS EM31. Minimally disturbed core was obtained to 10m depth at four locations. Core was split into 100mm increments and tested for moisture content, cation exchange capacity, laboratory conductivity, grain size, XRD and fluid chemistry of 1:5 extracts. Field investigations involved conductivity imaging and borehole logging. The results show that the soils are a uniform smectite clay to 10m depth with the EM31 response caused by differing salinity waters held within the clay by surface tension.
Published: 1998
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34. Exclusion from proximal 11q of a common gene with megaphenic effect on atopy

Author: Watson, M., Lawrence, S., Collins, A., Beasley, R., Doull, I., Begishvili, B., Lampe, F., Holgate, S.T., Morton, N.E., Watson, M., Lawrence, S., Collins, A., Beasley, R., Doull, I., Begishvili, B., Lampe, F., Holgate, S.T., and Morton, N.E.
Abstract: We have typed three markers on proximal 11q in 131 random families with three or more children studied for atopy. A summary map that includes the FCER1B candidate was constructed. Using a 2-locus disease model, we performed combined segregation and linkage analysis of three models, none of which suggested linkage. Nine marker loci on other chromosomes were also negative. In the regions swept by these 12 markers we cannot rule out a rare gene, perhaps of large effect, nor a common gene of small effect. However, a common gene of large effect is excluded. These results and alternative strategies are discussed in the perspective of inconsistent evidence for a major atopy gene.
Published: 1995

35. Perioperative oxygen administration in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia in Australia and New Zealand.

Author: Frei DR, Beasley R, Campbell D, Leslie K, Merry AF, Moore M, Myles PS, Ruawai-Hamilton L, Short TG, Sibanda N, Young PJ, Frei DR, Beasley R, Campbell D, Leslie K, Merry AF, Moore M, Myles PS, Ruawai-Hamilton L, Short TG, Sibanda N, and Young PJ
Abstract: The practice of anaesthetists relating to the administration of intraoperative oxygen has not been previously quantified in Australia and New Zealand. The optimal regimen of intraoperative oxygen administration to patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia is not known, and international recommendations for oxygen therapy are contradictory; the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend administering an intraoperative fraction of inspired oxygen of at least 0.8, while the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists, British Thoracic Society, and Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand recommend a more restrictive approach. We conducted a prospective observational study to describe the pattern of intraoperative oxygen administration among anaesthetists in Australia and New Zealand and, second, to determine the proportion of anaesthetists who administer intraoperative inspired oxygen in accordance with the WHO recommendations. We identified 150 anaesthetists from ten metropolitan hospitals in Australia and New Zealand and observed the patterns of intraoperative oxygen administration to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA) 3 or 4 patients undergoing prolonged surgery under general anaesthesia. The median (interquartile range) intraoperative time-weighted mean fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) for all participants in the study was 0.47 (0.40-0.55). Three out of 150 anaesthetists (2%, 95% confidence interval 0.4 to 5.7) administered an average intraoperative FiO2 of at least 0.8. These findings indicate that most anaesthetists routinely administer an intermediate level of oxygen for ASA 3 or 4 adult patients undergoing prolonged surgery in Australia and New Zealand, rather than down-titrating inspired oxygen to a target pulse oximetry reading (SpO2) or administering liberal perioperative oxygen therapy in line with the current WHO recommendation.

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35 results on '"Beasley R"'

1. Ezra Pound and modern art 1906-1930

2. Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand Position Statement on Acute Oxygen Use in Adults: 'Swimming between the flags'

3. Treatable traits in the NOVELTY study

4. Lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine for critically ill patients with COVID-19: REMAP-CAP randomized controlled trial

5. Lopinavir-ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine for critically ill patients with COVID-19: REMAP-CAP randomized controlled trial

6. Heterogeneity within and between physician-diagnosed asthma and/or COPD: NOVELTY cohort

7. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

8. Conservative versus interventional treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax.

9. Conservative oxygen therapy for mechanically ventilated adults with sepsis: a post hoc analysis of data from the intensive care unit randomized trial comparing two approaches to oxygen therapy (ICU-ROX)

10. Conservative Oxygen Therapy during Mechanical Ventilation in the ICU

11. Conservative oxygen therapy for mechanically ventilated adults with suspected hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy

12. Nasal gene expression changes with inhaled corticosteroid treatment in asthma.

13. Prospective observational study in patients with obstructive lung disease: NOVELTY design

14. Can environment or allergy explain international variation in prevalence of wheeze in childhood?

15. Starting beta-blockers during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

16. Assessment Of US Electronic Medical Records To Guide Feasibility And Design Of The NOVELTY Study

17. British Thoracic Society Guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings

18. Body mass index and vigorous physical activity in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study.

19. An Innovative Approach To Study Design : Using Electronic Medical Records To Inform The Feasibility And Design Of The Novelty Study (A Novel Observational Longitudinal Study On Patients With Asthma And/Or Copd)

20. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of invasive versus conservative management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax

21. Prospective clinical trial of hepatitis B vaccination in adults with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus

22. Early temperature and mortality in critically ill patients with acute neurological diseases: trauma and stroke differ from infection

23. An Inventory of Bristlecone Pine in the Snake, Mount Moriah, Ward Mountain, and Schell Creek Divisions of the Humboldt National Forest

24. Arterial oxygen tension and mortality in mechanically ventilated patients.

25. Rhinovirus is not detectable in peripheral lung tissue after asthma death.

26. How to write research papers and grants: 2011 Asian Pacific Society for Respirology Annual Scientific Meeting Postgraduate Session

27. The Global Lung Initiative 2012 reference values reflect contemporary Australasian spirometry

28. The evolution of infectious agents in relation to sex in animals and humans : brief discussions of some individual organisms

29. The all-age spirometry reference ranges reflect contemporary Australasian spirometry

30. Immunization and symptoms of atopic disease in children : results from the international study of asthma and allergies in childhood.

31. International patterns of tuberculosis and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, and eczema

32. Worldwide variations in the prevalence of symptoms of atopic eczema in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.

33. Investigation of EM31 anomalies at Yarramanbah/Pump Station Creek, on the Liverpool Plains of New South Wales. April 1998.

34. Exclusion from proximal 11q of a common gene with megaphenic effect on atopy

35. Perioperative oxygen administration in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia in Australia and New Zealand.

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