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The hitherto unknown isobenzofulvenes (benzo[c]fulvenes) are of interest as being isosteric with isobenzofuran, isobenzothiophene, and isoindole, as well as with the still hypothetical nonafulvenes (cyclononatetraenefulvenes). Like fulvene, isobenzofulvene (1) should be stabilized by electron donors on the exocyclic C atom[¹].

Während Thermolyse oder Photolyse [²] von 1-Alkyl- bzw. 1-Aryl-vinylaziden (1) (R¹ = R² = H, Aryl, Alkyl; R³ = Aryl, Alkyl) (3) zu an C-3 substituierten 2H-Azirinen (2) und Keteniminen (3) führt, konnten bei der Zersetzung „terminaler" Vinylazide (R¹= R² = H, Aryl, Alkyl; R³ = H) bisher nicht die zu erwartenden, noch unbekannten, in 3-Stellung unsubstituierten-2H-Azirine, sondern nur Nitrile (4)[⁴] isoliert werden.

Die bisher unbekannten Isobenzofulvene (Benzo[c]fulvene) beanspruchen als Isostere des Isobenzo-furans, -thiophens und Isoindols sowie der noch hypothetischen Nonafulvene (Cyclononatetraen-fulvene) Interesse. Wie das Fulven sollte das Isobenzofulven (I) durch Elektronendonatoren am exocyclischen C-Atom stabilisiert werden[¹].

Thermolysis [¹] or photolysis [²] of 1-alkyl or 1-aryl-vinyl azides (1) (R¹ = R² = H, aryl, alkyl; R³= aryl, alkyl)[³] leads to the formation of 2H-azirines with a substituent at C-3 (2) and to ketenimines (3). However, the decomposition of “terminal” vinyl azides (1) (R¹ = R² == H, aryl, alkyl; R³ = H) gives only the nitriles (4) [⁴] and none of the expected, and formerly unknown, 2H-azirines which lack a substituent at the 3-position.

Pulp refining is an essential process step prior to paper production. The contribution of fines production during refining to the resulting paper strength so far has mostly been considered qualitatively. A quantitative and experimental evaluation regarding their effect has not yet been published. Unbleached softwood kraft pulp was refined using a PFI mill and a disc refiner at different refining intensities. Prior to handsheet forming, fines were removed in a lab scale pressure screen from one part of the refined and unrefined samples in order to investigate the difference in tensile strength between sheets with and without fines, which were furthermore produced with and without additional wet pressing. It was found, that fines formed in a disc refiner at 250 kWh/t are responsible for up to 25% of the breaking length increase, while the PFI mill at 10,000 revolutions fines only contribute to a maximum of 12%. In terms of fines efficiency, the disc refiner was able to achieve higher results compared to the PFI mill, which however might be attributed to the higher fibre flexibilization in the PFI mill. Thus fines formed in the refining process are of high importance for strength development especially for the disc refiner., QC 20230523

The hitherto unknown isobenzofulvenes (benzo[c]fulvenes) are of interest as being isosteric with isobenzofuran, isobenzothiophene, and isoindole, as well as with the still hypothetical nonafulvenes (cyclononatetraenefulvenes). Like fulvene, isobenzofulvene (1) should be stabilized by electron donors on the exocyclic C atom[¹].

Die bisher unbekannten Isobenzofulvene (Benzo[c]fulvene) beanspruchen als Isostere des Isobenzo-furans, -thiophens und Isoindols sowie der noch hypothetischen Nonafulvene (Cyclononatetraen-fulvene) Interesse. Wie das Fulven sollte das Isobenzofulven (I) durch Elektronendonatoren am exocyclischen C-Atom stabilisiert werden[¹].

Während Thermolyse oder Photolyse [²] von 1-Alkyl- bzw. 1-Aryl-vinylaziden (1) (R¹ = R² = H, Aryl, Alkyl; R³ = Aryl, Alkyl) (3) zu an C-3 substituierten 2H-Azirinen (2) und Keteniminen (3) führt, konnten bei der Zersetzung „terminaler" Vinylazide (R¹= R² = H, Aryl, Alkyl; R³ = H) bisher nicht die zu erwartenden, noch unbekannten, in 3-Stellung unsubstituierten-2H-Azirine, sondern nur Nitrile (4)[⁴] isoliert werden.

Thermolysis [¹] or photolysis [²] of 1-alkyl or 1-aryl-vinyl azides (1) (R¹ = R² = H, aryl, alkyl; R³= aryl, alkyl)[³] leads to the formation of 2H-azirines with a substituent at C-3 (2) and to ketenimines (3). However, the decomposition of “terminal” vinyl azides (1) (R¹ = R² == H, aryl, alkyl; R³ = H) gives only the nitriles (4) [⁴] and none of the expected, and formerly unknown, 2H-azirines which lack a substituent at the 3-position.

The hitherto unknown isobenzofulvenes (benzo[c]fulvenes) are of interest as being isosteric with isobenzofuran, isobenzothiophene, and isoindole, as well as with the still hypothetical nonafulvenes (cyclononatetraenefulvenes). Like fulvene, isobenzofulvene (1) should be stabilized by electron donors on the exocyclic C atom[¹].

Die bisher unbekannten Isobenzofulvene (Benzo[c]fulvene) beanspruchen als Isostere des Isobenzo-furans, -thiophens und Isoindols sowie der noch hypothetischen Nonafulvene (Cyclononatetraen-fulvene) Interesse. Wie das Fulven sollte das Isobenzofulven (I) durch Elektronendonatoren am exocyclischen C-Atom stabilisiert werden[¹].

Während Thermolyse oder Photolyse [²] von 1-Alkyl- bzw. 1-Aryl-vinylaziden (1) (R¹ = R² = H, Aryl, Alkyl; R³ = Aryl, Alkyl) (3) zu an C-3 substituierten 2H-Azirinen (2) und Keteniminen (3) führt, konnten bei der Zersetzung „terminaler" Vinylazide (R¹= R² = H, Aryl, Alkyl; R³ = H) bisher nicht die zu erwartenden, noch unbekannten, in 3-Stellung unsubstituierten-2H-Azirine, sondern nur Nitrile (4)[⁴] isoliert werden.

Thermolysis [¹] or photolysis [²] of 1-alkyl or 1-aryl-vinyl azides (1) (R¹ = R² = H, aryl, alkyl; R³= aryl, alkyl)[³] leads to the formation of 2H-azirines with a substituent at C-3 (2) and to ketenimines (3). However, the decomposition of “terminal” vinyl azides (1) (R¹ = R² == H, aryl, alkyl; R³ = H) gives only the nitriles (4) [⁴] and none of the expected, and formerly unknown, 2H-azirines which lack a substituent at the 3-position.

The hitherto unknown isobenzofulvenes (benzo[c]fulvenes) are of interest as being isosteric with isobenzofuran, isobenzothiophene, and isoindole, as well as with the still hypothetical nonafulvenes (cyclononatetraenefulvenes). Like fulvene, isobenzofulvene (1) should be stabilized by electron donors on the exocyclic C atom[¹].

Die bisher unbekannten Isobenzofulvene (Benzo[c]fulvene) beanspruchen als Isostere des Isobenzo-furans, -thiophens und Isoindols sowie der noch hypothetischen Nonafulvene (Cyclononatetraen-fulvene) Interesse. Wie das Fulven sollte das Isobenzofulven (I) durch Elektronendonatoren am exocyclischen C-Atom stabilisiert werden[¹].

Während Thermolyse oder Photolyse [²] von 1-Alkyl- bzw. 1-Aryl-vinylaziden (1) (R¹ = R² = H, Aryl, Alkyl; R³ = Aryl, Alkyl) (3) zu an C-3 substituierten 2H-Azirinen (2) und Keteniminen (3) führt, konnten bei der Zersetzung „terminaler" Vinylazide (R¹= R² = H, Aryl, Alkyl; R³ = H) bisher nicht die zu erwartenden, noch unbekannten, in 3-Stellung unsubstituierten-2H-Azirine, sondern nur Nitrile (4)[⁴] isoliert werden.

Thermolysis [¹] or photolysis [²] of 1-alkyl or 1-aryl-vinyl azides (1) (R¹ = R² = H, aryl, alkyl; R³= aryl, alkyl)[³] leads to the formation of 2H-azirines with a substituent at C-3 (2) and to ketenimines (3). However, the decomposition of “terminal” vinyl azides (1) (R¹ = R² == H, aryl, alkyl; R³ = H) gives only the nitriles (4) [⁴] and none of the expected, and formerly unknown, 2H-azirines which lack a substituent at the 3-position.

no abstract

Since 2020, the global COVID-19 crisis has been exposing numerous shortcomings in society and the global economy. In Germany, for example, archaic work structures prevail in parts of the food industry; other industry sectors blame COVID-19 for their long standing crises, thereby deliberately diverting attention from existing structural deficits and missed opportunities. Now is the time to examine and expose (mis)developments in order to understand the current global situation. A collective desire for attuned development goals and social (value) orientation has become evident. Quality of life is challenging monetary wealth as the sole indicator of prosperity and individual satisfaction. Today, people accept change, if it secures health, promotes new working environments, and achieves climate goals. Consequently, the “old” growth paradigm, based on maximizing individual benefit, is ready to be replaced by a new paradigm that maximizes societal benefit. Solidary action paves the way towards sustainability. Not to learn form a crisis is not to understand the crisis! Corona offers us an opportunity to rethink and reset. Can we utilize the pandemic experiences to increase dynamics in realizing the 17 UN-Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), or ensure that we achieve them at all? We, a group of 26 experts from society, science, and politics discussed this issue in a three-day workshop in October 2021. We consider the following six jointly developed demands essential steps to leave behind a world worth living in.

Since 2020, the global COVID-19 crisis has been exposing numerous shortcomings in society and the global economy. In Germany, for example, archaic work structures prevail in parts of the food industry; other industry sectors blame COVID-19 for their long standing crises, thereby deliberately diverting attention from existing structural deficits and missed opportunities. Now is the time to examine and expose (mis)developments in order to understand the current global situation. A collective desire for attuned development goals and social (value) orientation has become evident. Quality of life is challenging monetary wealth as the sole indicator of prosperity and individual satisfaction. Today, people accept change, if it secures health, promotes new working environments, and achieves climate goals. Consequently, the “old” growth paradigm, based on maximizing individual benefit, is ready to be replaced by a new paradigm that maximizes societal benefit. Solidary action paves the way towards sustainability. Not to learn form a crisis is not to understand the crisis! Corona offers us an opportunity to rethink and reset. Can we utilize the pandemic experiences to increase dynamics in realizing the 17 UN-Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), or ensure that we achieve them at all? We, a group of 26 experts from society, science, and politics discussed this issue in a three-day workshop in October 2021. We consider the following six jointly developed demands essential steps to leave behind a world worth living in.

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Background Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare, aggressive type of haematologic precursor malignancy primarily often manifesting in the skin. We sought to provide a thorough clinical characterization and report our experience on therapeutic approaches toBPDCN. Methods In the present multicentric retrospective study, we collected allBPDCNcases occurring between 05/1999 and 03/2018 in 10 secondary care centres of the German-Swiss-Austrian cutaneous lymphoma working group. Results A total of 37BPDCNcases were identified and included. Almost 90% of the patients had systemic manifestations (bone marrow, lymph nodes, peripheral blood) in addition to skin involvement. The latter presented with various types of cutaneous lesions: nodular (in more than 2/3) and bruise-like (in 1/3) skin lesions, but also maculopapular exanthema (in circa 1/6). Therapeutically, 22 patients received diverse combinations of chemotherapeutic regimens and/or radiotherapy. Despite initial responses, all of them ultimately relapsed and died from progressive disease. Eleven patients underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT; autologousHSCTn = 3, allo-HSCTn = 8). The mortality rate amongHSCTpatients was only 33.33% with a median survival time of 60.5 months. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the clinical diversity of cutaneousBPDCNmanifestations and the positive development observed after the introduction ofHSCT.

Background Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare, aggressive type of haematologic precursor malignancy primarily often manifesting in the skin. We sought to provide a thorough clinical characterization and report our experience on therapeutic approaches toBPDCN. Methods In the present multicentric retrospective study, we collected allBPDCNcases occurring between 05/1999 and 03/2018 in 10 secondary care centres of the German-Swiss-Austrian cutaneous lymphoma working group. Results A total of 37BPDCNcases were identified and included. Almost 90% of the patients had systemic manifestations (bone marrow, lymph nodes, peripheral blood) in addition to skin involvement. The latter presented with various types of cutaneous lesions: nodular (in more than 2/3) and bruise-like (in 1/3) skin lesions, but also maculopapular exanthema (in circa 1/6). Therapeutically, 22 patients received diverse combinations of chemotherapeutic regimens and/or radiotherapy. Despite initial responses, all of them ultimately relapsed and died from progressive disease. Eleven patients underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT; autologousHSCTn = 3, allo-HSCTn = 8). The mortality rate amongHSCTpatients was only 33.33% with a median survival time of 60.5 months. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the clinical diversity of cutaneousBPDCNmanifestations and the positive development observed after the introduction ofHSCT.

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.

© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.

© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.

Purpose: Advanced-stage mycosis fungoides (MF; stage IIB to IV) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are aggressive lymphomas with a median survival of 1 to 5 years. Clinical management is stage based; however, there is wide range of outcome within stages. Published prognostic studies in MF/SS have been single-center trials. Because of the rarity of MF/SS, only a large collaboration would power a study to identify independent prognostic markers Patients and Methods: Literature review identified the following 10 candidate markers: stage, age, sex, cutaneous histologic features of folliculotropism, CD30 positivity, proliferation index, large-cell transformation, WBC/lymphocyte count, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and identical T-cell clone in blood and skin. Data were collected at specialist centers on patients diagnosed with advanced-stage MF/SS from 2007. Each parameter recorded at diagnosis was tested against overall survival (OS) Results: Staging data on 1,275 patients with advanced MF/SS from 29 international sites were included for survival analysis. The median OS was 63 months, with 2- and 5-year survival rates of 77% and 52%, respectively. The median OS for patients with stage IIB disease was 68 months, but patients diagnosed with stage III disease had slightly improved survival compared with patients with stage IB, although patients diagnosed with stage IV disease had significantly worse survival (48 months for stage IVA and 33 months for stage IVB). Of the 10 variables tested, four (stage IV, age > 60 years, large-cell transformation, and increased lactate dehydrogenase) were independent prognostic markers for a worse survival. Combining these four factors in a prognostic index model identified the following three risk groups across stages with significantly different 5-year surviva rates: low risk (68%), intermediate risk (44%), and high risk (28%) Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study includes the largest cohort of patients with advanced-stage MF/SS and identifies

A new series of iron(II) 1D coordination polymers with the general formula [FeL1(pina)]·xsolvent with L1 being a tetradentate N2O2 2− coordinating Schiff-base-like ligand [([3,3′]-[1,2-phenylenebis-(iminomethylidyne)]bis(2,4-pentanedionato)(2-)-N,N′,O2,O2′], and pina being a bridging axial ligand N-(pyrid-4-yl)isonicotinamide, are discussed. The X-ray crystal structure of [FeL1(pina)]·2MeOH was solved for the low-spin state. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, and the analysis of the crystal packing reveals the formation of a hydrogen bond network where additional methanol molecules are included. Different magnetic properties are observed for the seven samples analyzed, depending on the nature of the included solvent molecules. The widest hysteresis loop is observed for a fine crystalline sample of composition [FeL1(pina)]·xH2O/MeOH. The 88 K wide thermal hysteresis loop (T1/2↑ = 328 K and T1/2↓ = 240 K) is centered around room temperature and can be repeated without of a loss of the spin transition properties. For the single crystals of [FeL1(pina)]·2MeOH, a 51 K wide hysteresis loop is observed (T1/2↑ = 296 K and T1/2↓ = 245 K) that is also stable for several cycles. For a powder sample of [FeL1(pina)]·0.5H2O·0.5MeOH a cooperative spin transition with a 46 K wide hysteresis loop around room temperature is observed (T1/2↑ = 321 K and T1/2↓ = 275 K). This compound was further investigated using Mössbauer spectroscopy and DSC. Both methods reveal that, in the cooling mode, the spin transition is accompanied by a phase transition while in the heating mode a loss of the included methanol is observed that leads to a loss of the spin transition properties. These results show that the pina ligand was used successfully in a crystal-engineering-like approach to generate 1D coordination polymers and improve their spin crossover properties

The synthesis and characterisation of seven iron(ii) 1D chain coordination polymers with tetradentate Schiff-base like equatorial ligands and bis(4-pyridylmethyl)sulfide (bpms) as a flexible bridging axial ligand is reported. This new family of materials displays a wide spectrum of spin transition properties in the solid state ranging from gradual, abrupt, incomplete to even step-wise that have all been characterized by SQUID magnetometry. The X-ray structure analysis of two complexes at several temperatures is discussed in the frame of their spin crossover properties. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

The balanced, differential-amplifier configuration finds wide applicability in its monolithic integrated form. This paper investigates the use of the MIC differential amplifier as a mixer. The device chosen for this investigation permits signal injection both in the differentially driven pair and in the constant-current sink which biases the differential pair. Device characteristics pertinent to the mixing process are generated and discussed. On the basis of the experimentally derived characteristics , several different frequency conversion methods are employed and compared on the basis of conversion gain and distortion and intermodulation effects., http://archive.org/details/investigationofm1094512448, Lieutenant, United States Coast Guard

Our recent geological survey of the basement of central and northern Madagascar allowed us to re-evaluate the evolution of this part of the East Africa–Antarctica Orogen (EAAO). Five crustal domains are recognized, characterized by distinctive lithologies and histories of sedimentation, magmatism, deformation and metamorphism, and separated by tectonic and/or unconformable contacts. Four consist largely of Archaean metamorphic rocks (Antongil, Masora and Antananarivo Cratons, Tsaratanana Complex). The fifth (Bemarivo Belt) comprises Proterozoic meta-igneous rocks. The older rocks were intruded by plutonic suites at c. 1000 Ma, 820– 760 Ma, 630–595 Ma and 560–520 Ma. The evolution of the four Archaean domains and their boundaries remains contentious, with two end-member interpretations evaluated: (1) all five crustal domains are separate tectonic elements, juxtaposed along Neoproterozoic sutures and (2) the four Archaean domains are segments of an older Archaean craton, which was sutured against the Bemarivo Belt in the Neoproterozoic. Rodinia fragmented during the early Neoproterozoic with intracratonic rifts that sometimes developed into oceanic basins. Subsequent Mid- Neoproterozoic collision of smaller cratonic blocks was followed by renewed extension and magmatism. The global ‘Terminal Pan-African’ event (560–490 Ma) finally stitched together the Mid-Neoproterozoic cratons to form Gondwana.

New detrital zircon U-Pb age data obtained from various quartzite units of three spatially separated supracrustal packages in central and northern Madagascar, show that these units were deposited between 1.8 and 0.8 Ga and have similar aged provenances. The distribution of detrital zircon ages indicates an overwhelming contribution of sources with ages between 2.5 and 1.8 Ga. Possible source rocks with an age of 2.5 Ga are present in abundance in the crustal segments (Antananarivo, Antongil and Masora Domains) either side of a purported Neoproterozoic suture ("Betsimisaraka Suture Zone"). Recently, possible source rocks for the 1.8 Ga age peak have been recognised in southern Madagascar. All three supracrustal successions, as well as the Archaean blocks onto which they were emplaced, are intruded by mid-Neoproterozoic magmatic suites placing a minimum age on their deposition. The similarities in detrital pattern, maximum and minimum age of deposition in the three successions, lend some support to a model in which all of Madagascar's Archaean blocks form a coherent crustal entity (the Greater Dharwar Craton), rather than an amalgamate of disparate crustal blocks brought together only during Neoproterozoic convergence. However, potential source terranes exist outside Madagascar and on either side of the Neoproterozoic sutures, so that a model including a Neoproterozoic suture in Madagascar cannot be dispelled outright.

New detrital zircon U-Pb age data obtained from various quartzite units of three spatially separated supracrustal packages in central and northern Madagascar, show that these units were deposited between 1.8 and 0.8. Ga and have similar aged provenances.

Our recent geological survey of the basement of central and northern Madagascar allowed us to re-evaluate the evolution of this part of the East Africa–Antarctica Orogen (EAAO). Five crustal domains are recognized, characterized by distinctive lithologies and histories of sedimentation, magmatism, deformation and metamorphism, and separated by tectonic and/or unconformable contacts. Four consist largely of Archaean metamorphic rocks (Antongil, Masora and Antananarivo Cratons, Tsaratanana Complex). The fifth (Bemarivo Belt) comprises Proterozoic meta-igneous rocks. The older rocks were intruded by plutonic suites at c. 1000 Ma, 820– 760 Ma, 630–595 Ma and 560–520 Ma. The evolution of the four Archaean domains and their boundaries remains contentious, with two end-member interpretations evaluated: (1) all five crustal domains are separate tectonic elements, juxtaposed along Neoproterozoic sutures and (2) the four Archaean domains are segments of an older Archaean craton, which was sutured against the Bemarivo Belt in the Neoproterozoic. Rodinia fragmented during the early Neoproterozoic with intracratonic rifts that sometimes developed into oceanic basins. Subsequent Mid- Neoproterozoic collision of smaller cratonic blocks was followed by renewed extension and magmatism. The global ‘Terminal Pan-African’ event (560–490 Ma) finally stitched together the Mid-Neoproterozoic cratons to form Gondwana.

New detrital zircon U-Pb age data obtained from various quartzite units of three spatially separated supracrustal packages in central and northern Madagascar, show that these units were deposited between 1.8 and 0.8 Ga and have similar aged provenances. The distribution of detrital zircon ages indicates an overwhelming contribution of sources with ages between 2.5 and 1.8 Ga. Possible source rocks with an age of 2.5 Ga are present in abundance in the crustal segments (Antananarivo, Antongil and Masora Domains) either side of a purported Neoproterozoic suture ("Betsimisaraka Suture Zone"). Recently, possible source rocks for the 1.8 Ga age peak have been recognised in southern Madagascar. All three supracrustal successions, as well as the Archaean blocks onto which they were emplaced, are intruded by mid-Neoproterozoic magmatic suites placing a minimum age on their deposition. The similarities in detrital pattern, maximum and minimum age of deposition in the three successions, lend some support to a model in which all of Madagascar's Archaean blocks form a coherent crustal entity (the Greater Dharwar Craton), rather than an amalgamate of disparate crustal blocks brought together only during Neoproterozoic convergence. However, potential source terranes exist outside Madagascar and on either side of the Neoproterozoic sutures, so that a model including a Neoproterozoic suture in Madagascar cannot be dispelled outright.

Analysis of hard two-photon correlations measured in heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energies H.W.Barz1,2, B.Kämpfer1,2, GY. Wolf3,4, W. Bauer5 1Institut für Kern- und Hadronenphysik, FZ Rossendorf, PF 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, TU Dresden, Momrnsenstr. 13, 01062 Dresden, Germany 3GSI Darmstadt, PF 110552, 64220 Darmstadt, Germany 4KFKI RMKI Budapest, POB. 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary MSU Michigan, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Abstract Recently reported measurements of hard photon correlations in the reactions 36Ar On 27Al at 95 A*MeV, 86Kr on natNi at 60 A*MeV, and 181Ta on 197Au at 39.5 A*MeV are analyzed. A Boltzmann-Ühling-Uhlenbeck transport model is used to describe the photon production by individual nucleon-nucleon collisions. In the lighter systems we find the best agreement with data when taking into account only the photons from first chance collisions of nucleons or photons produced during the Passage of the nuclei, while the model predicts also a considerable late-time emission of photons which leads to a depletion of the calculated correlation function. The accuracy of the present data daas not allow firm conclusions on the reliability of this late time evolution. Our inveatigatiions do not support a recently reported interference pattern in the heavy Ta + Au system.

Analysis of hard two-photon correlations measured in heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energies H.W.Barz1,2, B.Kämpfer1,2, GY. Wolf3,4, W. Bauer5 1Institut für Kern- und Hadronenphysik, FZ Rossendorf, PF 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, TU Dresden, Momrnsenstr. 13, 01062 Dresden, Germany 3GSI Darmstadt, PF 110552, 64220 Darmstadt, Germany 4KFKI RMKI Budapest, POB. 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary MSU Michigan, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA Abstract Recently reported measurements of hard photon correlations in the reactions 36Ar On 27Al at 95 A*MeV, 86Kr on natNi at 60 A*MeV, and 181Ta on 197Au at 39.5 A*MeV are analyzed. A Boltzmann-Ühling-Uhlenbeck transport model is used to describe the photon production by individual nucleon-nucleon collisions. In the lighter systems we find the best agreement with data when taking into account only the photons from first chance collisions of nucleons or photons produced during the Passage of the nuclei, while the model predicts also a considerable late-time emission of photons which leads to a depletion of the calculated correlation function. The accuracy of the present data daas not allow firm conclusions on the reliability of this late time evolution. Our inveatigatiions do not support a recently reported interference pattern in the heavy Ta + Au system.

Late tectonic, post-collisional granite suites are a feature of many parts of the Late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian East African Orogen (EAO), where they are generally attributed to late extensional collapse of the orogen, accompanied by high heat flow and asthenospheric uprise. The Maevarano Suite comprises voluminous plutons which were emplaced in some of the tectonostratigraphic terranes of northern Madagascar, in the central part of the EAO, following collision and assembly during a major orogeny at ca. 550 Ma. The suite comprises three main magmatic phases: a minor early phase of foliated gabbros, quartz diorites, and granodiorites; a main phase of large batholiths of porphyritic granitoids and charnockites; and a late phase of small-scale plutons and sheets of monzonite, syenite, leucogranite and microgranite. The main phase intrusions tend to be massive, but with variably foliated margins. New U–Pb SHRIMP zircon data show that the whole suite was emplaced between ca. 537 and 522 Ma. Geochemically, all the rocks of the suite are enriched in the LILE, especially K, and the LREE, but are relatively depleted in Nb, Ta and the HREE. These characteristics are typical of post-collisional granitoids in the EAO and many other orogenic belts. It is proposed that the Maevarano Suite magmas were derived by melting of sub-continental lithospheric mantle that had been enriched in the LILE during earlier subduction events. The melting occurred during lithospheric delamination, which was associated with extensional collapse of the East African Orogen.

The Antongil Craton, along with the Masora and Antananarivo cratons, make up the fundamental Archaean building blocks of the island of Madagascar. They were juxtaposed during the late- Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic assembly of Gondwana. In this paperwegive a synthesis of the geology of the Antongil Craton and present previously published and new geochemical and U–Pb zircon analyses to provide an event history for its evolution. The oldest rocks in the Antongil Craton form a nucleus of tonalitic gneiss, characteristic of Palaeo- Mesoarchaean cratons globally, including phases dated between 3320±14Ma to 3231±6Ma and 3187±2Ma to 3154±5 Ma. A series of mafic dykes was intruded into the Mesoarchaean tonalites and a sedimentary succession was deposited on the craton prior to pervasive deformation and migmatisation of the region. The age of deposition of the metasediments has been constrained from a volcanic horizon to around 3178±2Ma and subject to migmatisation at around 2597±49 Ma. A subsequent magmatic episode generated voluminous, weakly foliated granitic rocks, that also included additions from both reworked older crustal material and younger source components. An earlier granodiorite-dominated assemblage, dated between 2570±18Ma and 2542±5 Ma, is largely exposed in xenoliths and more continuously in the northern part of the craton, while a later monzogranite-dominated phase, dated between 2531±13Ma and 2513±0.4Ma is more widely developed. Together these record the stabilisation of the craton, attested to by the intrusion of a younger dyke swarm, the age of which is constrained by a sample of metagabbro dated at 2147±6 Ma, providing the first evidence for Palaeoproterozoic rocks from the Antongil Craton. The youngest events recorded in the isotopic record of the Antongil Craton are reflected in metamorphism, neocrystallisation and Pb-loss at 792±130Ma to 763±13Ma and 553±68 Ma. These events are interpreted as being the only manifestation of the Pan-African oroge

The geology of northeastern Mozambique has been remapped at 1:250 000 scale. Proterozoic rocks, which make up the bulk of the area, form a number of gneiss complexes defined on the basis of their lithologies, metamorphic grade, structures, tectonic relationships and ages. The gneiss complexes, which contain both ortho- and paragneisses, range from Palaeo- to Neoproterozoic in age, and were juxtaposed along tectonic contacts during the late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian Pan-African Orogeny. In this paper we describe the geological evolution of the terranes north of the Lurio Belt, a major tectonic boundary which separates the complexes described in this paper from the Nampula Complex to the south. The Marrupa, Nairoto and Meluco Complexes are dominated by orthogneisses of felsic to intermediate compositions. Granulitic rocks, including charnockites, are present in the Unango, M’Sawize, Xixano and Ocua Complexes (the last forms the centre of the Lurio Belt). The Neoproterozoic Geci and Txitonga Groups are dominated by metasupracrustal rocks at low metamorphic grades and have been tectonically juxtaposed with the Unango Complex. Geochemical data integrate and support a model of terrain assembly in northeast Mozambique, which is largely published and mainly derived from our new geochronological, lithostratigraphic and structural work. This model shows the contrast between the mainly felsic lower tectonostratigraphic levels (Unango, Marrupa, Nairoto and Meluco Complexes) and the significantly more juvenile overlying complexes (Xixano, Muaquia, M’Sawize, Lalamo and Montepuez Complexes), which were all assembled during the Cambrian Pan-African orogeny. The juxtaposed terranes were stitched by several suites of Cambrian late- to post-tectonic granitoids.

The Nampula Block covers over 100,000 km2, making it the largest Mesoproterozoic crustal segment in northern Mozambique and an important component of the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian (Pan-African) East African Orogen. It is bounded in the north by the WSW–ENE trending Lúrio Belt. The oldest rocks (Mocuba Suite) are a polydeformed sequence of upper amphibolite-grade layered grey gneisses and migmatites associated with intrusive trondhjemite-tonalite-granodiorite and granitic orthogneisses. A banded gneiss, interpreted as a meta-volcanic rock, yielded a U-Pb SIMS zircon date of 1127 ± 9 Ma. Metamorphic rims, dated at ca. 1090 Ma, probably grew during a later magmatic phase, represented by the tonalitic Rapale Gneiss, two samples of which were dated at 1095 ± 19 and 1091 ± 14 Ma, respectively. The earliest (D1) deformation that took place at approximately this time, was associated with high grade metamorphism and migmatisation of the Mocuba Suite. The geochemistry of these rocks suggests that they were generated in a juvenile, island-arc setting. The Mocuba Suite is interlayered with extensive belts of meta-pelitic/psammitic, calc-silicate and felsic to mafic meta-volcanic paragneisses termed the Molócuè Group. U-Pb data from detrital zircons from a calc-silicate paragneiss gave a bimodal age distribution at ca. 1100 and 1800 Ma, showing derivation from rocks of the same age as the Mocuba Suite and a Palaeoproterozoic source region. The age of the Molócuè Group has been directly determined by dates of 1092 ± 13 and 1090 ± 22 Ma, obtained from two samples of the leucocratic Mamala Gneiss (meta-felsic volcanics?), one of its major constituent components. The final phase of Mesoproterozoic activity is represented by voluminous plutons and sheet-like bodies of foliated megacrystic granite, augen gneiss and granitic orthogneiss of the Culicui Suite, which have A-type granite geochemical characteristics and are interpreted to have been generated in a late tectonic, extensional