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Purpose: The present study attempts to investigate work engagement, workaholism and self-efficacy towards entrepreneurial performance among the entrepreneurs of Saudi Arabia. Theoretical framework: The study integrates work engagement, workaholism, and self-efficacy in predicting job performance. Besides, the relationship between self-efficacy and work engagement in the presence of workaholism and job performance has yet to be thoroughly explored.   Design/Methodology/ Approach: The study is quantitatively based on cross-sectional data. A survey questionnaire is applied to get a response from the entrepreneurs through snowball sampling. In total, 450 survey questionnaires were distributed. In return, we received 280 with a response rate of 62%.   Findings: By employing the structural equation model (SEM), the study found a significant effect of work engagement on innovative behaviour, business growth and subjective business success. Further, self-efficacy significantly predicts innovative behaviour, business growth, subjective business success and work engagement. On the other hand, workaholism has a significant negative predictor of innovative behaviour, business growth, and subjective business success. Research, practical and social implications: The empirical proof of the study would deepen the new insights for the conceptualization of entrepreneurship performance in a developing context. The study may fill the gaps at a global level for understanding the factors of entrepreneurship performance among entrepreneurs.   Originality/ value: The definite link between self-efficacy and work engagement may offer new insight into the entrepreneurship and management literature. The outcomes of the study offer a shred of empirical evidence for entrepreneurial performance through work engagement, workaholism and self-efficacy.

Purpose: In the recent business context, the pivotal drivers of organizational success are increasingly identified as transformational leadership and social entrepreneurship. These dynamic forces have emerged as crucial predictors, shaping the trajectory of enterprise performance. The present study proposed to explore the role of transformational leadership and social entrepreneurship in achieving enterprise performance through creativity among employees of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt. Design/Methodology/ Approach: We applied quantitative methods to detect this problem by collecting data from the employees of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt. Finally, we utilized 294 samples to get the results. Findings: Applying the analysis of moment structures (AMOS) version 26.0, the results show a positive and significant impact of transformational leadership, social entrepreneurship and creativity on enterprise performance. The mediating path leads to a positive mediating impact of creativity in developing the connection between transformational leadership and enterprise performance. On the other hand, creativity did not mediate the relationship between social entrepreneurship and enterprise performance. Research, practical and social implications: The research outcomes serve as a strategic compass for policymakers and planners, offering actionable insights to elevate enterprise performance through the strategic integration of transformational leadership and social entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the study provides valuable guidance for organizations aspiring to cultivate a culture of innovation and creativity, fostering the essential elements for sustained success in today's dynamic business environment. Originality/ value: This study addresses the gaps in the empirical evaluation of enterprise performance through transformational leadership, social entrepreneurship and creativity among Egyptian employees of Egyptian SMEs.

Purpose: Developing social entrepreneurship performance and sustainability in business is the major of every organization. The present study explores the predictive power of human resource practices in developing social entrepreneurship performance and sustainable business among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt. Design/Methodology/ Approach: Quantitative methods were employed to identify this issue by collecting data from employees working in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt. Ultimately, a total of 278 samples were employed to obtain the findings. Findings: We applied the analysis of moment structures (AMOS) version 26.0 to get the results. The findings suggest a significant positive effect of training and recruitment on social entrepreneurship performance and sustainable business among employees of SMEs in Egypt. Research, practical and social implications: The study's contribution involves strategically aligning human resource practices with social entrepreneurship goals and focusing on measuring, reporting, and improving social impact through stakeholder collaboration. This approach can contribute to developing sustainable business models that integrate financial success with a positive social and environmental footprint. Originality/ value: This study addresses the gaps in the empirical evaluation of the effect of human resource practices such as training and recruitment on social entrepreneurship performance and sustainable business among employees of Egyptian SMEs.

To investigate and document the indigenous knowledge on the medicinal flora of the native communities in Swabi district, Pakistan. A field survey was carried out and data was based on semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and questionnaire from 8 villages. 180 local individual of local communities were interviewed and collected data were analyzed by quantitative and descriptive index. During the survey, 81 species belonging to 45 families were reported. Solanaceae was the leading family with 7 species. Herb (48%) was the dominant plant habit and leaf (24%) was the most preferred used part for indigenous medicine. Moreover, decoction (28.93%) was the most prestigious method. According to the result, the highest use value was documented for Jaundice ailment (1.00-0.81). Besides, 11 plants added to the endangered species list. Local experts of Swabi district practice a huge variety of ethnomedicinal plants in treating a wide spectrum of disorders, especially those plants used to cure jaundice. Our finding suggest that the pharmacological potential across some of these plants has been therapeutically validated however still need to explore the pharmacological properties of other species. Hence, the present investigation, aside from being a source of new insight for ethnobotanical and pharmacological cure of many disorders, might contribute to upgrade the sustainability, conservation, and management of medicinal flora in the Bachai Sikandari, district Swabi.

To investigate and document the indigenous knowledge on the medicinal flora of the native communities in Swabi district, Pakistan. A field survey was carried out and data was based on semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and questionnaire from 8 villages. 180 local individual of local communities were interviewed and collected data were analyzed by quantitative and descriptive index. During the survey, 81 species belonging to 45 families were reported. Solanaceae was the leading family with 7 species. Herb (48%) was the dominant plant habit and leaf (24%) was the most preferred used part for indigenous medicine. Moreover, decoction (28.93%) was the most prestigious method. According to the result, the highest use value was documented for Jaundice ailment (1.00-0.81). Besides, 11 plants added to the endangered species list. Local experts of Swabi district practice a huge variety of ethnomedicinal plants in treating a wide spectrum of disorders, especially those plants used to cure jaundice. Our finding suggest that the pharmacological potential across some of these plants has been therapeutically validated however still need to explore the pharmacological properties of other species. Hence, the present investigation, aside from being a source of new insight for ethnobotanical and pharmacological cure of many disorders, might contribute to upgrade the sustainability, conservation, and management of medicinal flora in the Bachai Sikandari, district Swabi.

The traditional utilization of medicinal plants in healthcare performs and providing indication to new areas of research and hence its importance is now well recognized. However, information on the uses of indigenous plants for medicine is not well documented from many rural areas of Pakistan including district Mardan. The present studies were aimed to explore the ethnomedicinal profile and conservation status of threatened flora of Jahangir abad. The study area is located in the district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, contains more than 90 species directly used by local communities. Of these plants, 51 are wild plants, 23 cultivated vegetable crops and 16 are important medicinal and economically important trees. Menta longifolia, Calotropis procera, Solanum surretense, Allium sativum and Melia azedarach had multipurpose medicinal uses. Different pathological effect and pitiless collection of medicinal plants in the area has threatened the survival of some essential and valuable medicinal plants like Dalbergia sissoo and Tamarix indica in the area of Jahangir abad.