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Um das seit Januar 2022 geltende Verbot des Kükentötens einzuhalten, schlägt das Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft drei Alternativen vor, darunter das Ausbrüten von Zweinutzungshühnern. Neben züchterischen und wirt-schaftlichen Herausforderungen, Zweinutzungstiere in der Wertschöpfungs¬kette zu etablieren, werden das uneinheitliche Verständnis was überhaupt ein Zwei¬-nutzungshuhn ist und wie dessen Besonderheiten gegenüber Ver¬braucher*innen erfolgreich kommuniziert werden können, als Herausforderungen angesehen Dazulegen, was ein Zweinutzungshuhn ist bzw. welches Verständnis darüber aus Sicht von Landwirt*innen vorliegt, ist Ziel dieses Arbeitsberichts. Die deutschlandweite Online-Umfrage unter Landwirt*innen und Geflügel-halter*innen zum Verständnis und der Zukunft von Zweinutzungshühnern wurde im Herbst 2022 im Rahmen des EIP-Agri Projekts „ZweiWert“ durchgeführt. Das EIP-Projekt mit dem Titel „Aufbau von Wertschöpfungsketten für Zwei¬nutzungs¬hühner in Baden-Württemberg“ (ZweiWert) wird vom Ministerium für Ernährung, ländliche Räume und Verbraucherschutz Baden-Württemberg von 01/2022 bis 12/2024 gefördert. Projektpartner sind der Naturlandverband Baden-Württemberg, mehrere Fachgebiete der Universität Hohenheim und viele Partner aus der landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugung und Vermarktung., To comply with the ban on chick culling that has been in effect since January 2022, the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture proposes three alternatives, including the hatching of dual-purpose chickens. In addition to the breeding and economic challenges of establishing dual-purpose animals in the value chain, the inconsistent understanding of what a dual-purpose chicken actually is and how its characteristics can be successfully communicated to consumers are seen as challenges. The goal of this working report is to present what a dual-purpose chicken is and what understanding farmers have of it. The German nationwide online survey among farmers and poultry farmers regarding the understanding and future of dual-purpose chickens was conducted in autumn 2022 as part of the EIP-Agri project "ZweiWert." The EIP project titled "Building Value Chains for Dual-Purpose Chickens in Baden-Württemberg" (ZweiWert) is funded by the Ministry of Food, Rural Areas and Consumer Protection of Baden-Württemberg from 01/2022 to 12/2024. Project partners include the Naturland Association of Baden-Württemberg, several departments of the University of Hohenheim, and many partners from agricultural production and marketing.

El principal objetivo de la presente investigación se centra en generar información de utilidad para el diseño de las estrategias de comercialización de las empresas españolas de cosmética natural y ecológica que quieran internacionalizarse, con especial foco en el mercado alemán. Para ello, en primer lugar, se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica sobre la actualidad del sector, que genera una visión de conjunto dinámica y enriquecedora sobre el mismo., The main objective of this research is to generate useful information for the design of marketing strategies for Spanish natural and organic cosmetics companies wishing to internationalise, with a special focus on the German market. To this end, firstly, a bibliographical review of the current situation of the sector has been carried out, which generates a dynamic and enriching overview of the sector. Subsequently, an empirical study was carried out, based on a survey with 200 participants, with the aim of obtaining the profile of the Spanish consumer of this type of cosmetics, and thus being able to compare it with the profile of the German consumer, extracting useful conclusions for the design of internationalisation strategies.

The purpose of current investigation was to explore the scope of integrating an anaerobic digester in a decentralized municipal wastewater treatment plant for in-situ treatment of household waste. The present work intends to identify the potential of sewage sludge and food waste for biogas generation. The study was conducted in lab scale continuous stirred tank reactor having a working volume of 6.5 L at mesophilic temperature. The paper mill sludge was used as inoculum and was stabilised using food waste substrate for initial 50 days in batch mode. Co-digestion of food waste (FW) and bio-flocculated sewage sludge (BFS) was performed using continuous feeding for maintaining OLR of 2.5 gVSL- 1D- 1at HRT of 4 days for 120 days. 2% FW and 98% BFS (by volume) was feeded in the reactor throughout the experimental duration. The highest VFA accumulation of 1902 mg L-1 were observed and maximum bio-methane yield was found to be 127.05 mLCH4 g- 1 VSadded. The pH with current feeding ratio was found stable during the reactor operation without adding external alkalinity source.

The purpose of current investigation was to explore the scope of integrating an anaerobic digester in a decentralized municipal wastewater treatment plant for in-situ treatment of household waste. The present work intends to identify the potential of sewage sludge and food waste for biogas generation. The study was conducted in lab scale continuous stirred tank reactor having a working volume of 6.5 L at mesophilic temperature. The paper mill sludge was used as inoculum and was stabilised using food waste substrate for initial 50 days in batch mode. Co-digestion of food waste (FW) and bio-flocculated sewage sludge (BFS) was performed using continuous feeding for maintaining OLR of 2.5 gVSL- 1D- 1at HRT of 4 days for 120 days. 2% FW and 98% BFS (by volume) was feeded in the reactor throughout the experimental duration. The highest VFA accumulation of 1902 mg L-1 were observed and maximum bio-methane yield was found to be 127.05 mLCH4 g- 1 VSadded. The pH with current feeding ratio was found stable during the reactor operation without adding external alkalinity source.

Eating halal food is a religious requirement for Muslims. This study deals with the issue of how, thanks to modern developments, halal or haram meat can be defined. Among the theses prevalent to date are those which say that the methods of stunning animals used before they’re slaughtered are in fact the mistreatment and strangulation of animals; that people who slaughter animals do not say “bismillah” and do not belong to any religion, and therefore it is not permissible to eat the meat out of those animals unless they see the “halal” stamp on their packaging. After the introduction of the rules of Islamic jurisprudence, the standards used by the institutions that give the ‘halal’ stamp and the factual circumstances in Austria, regarding the maintenance and slaughter of animals, the study comes to the conclusion that animals should be treated well, that animal care contradicts according to Islamic teachings, that halal meat is related to the type and health of the animal, the person who slaughters it and the form of slaughter, that the saying “bismillah” before slaughter is required of the Muslim butcher, but not necessary, that the main thing that slaughter to be in accordance with Islamic rules is the maximum bleeding of the animal, that the forms of stunning used in Austria (Europe) reduce the pain and stress of the animal before death, that the forms of stunning do not kill the animals in any way but only lose their perception for a few moments, that the slaughter of animals carried out by Christians and Jews today is the same as the slaughter carried out at the beginning of Islam, that Halal certifications are not based on unique standards, that current animal protection laws guarantee a high level of maintenance and slaughter that reduces animal pain, and that slaughtering animals in most cases is not a matter of worship but rather a matter of trade or hospitality., Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2022

Eating halal food is a religious requirement for Muslims. This study deals with the issue of how, thanks to modern developments, halal or haram meat can be defined. Among the theses prevalent to date are those which say that the methods of stunning animals used before they’re slaughtered are in fact the mistreatment and strangulation of animals; that people who slaughter animals do not say “bismillah” and do not belong to any religion, and therefore it is not permissible to eat the meat out of those animals unless they see the “halal” stamp on their packaging. After the introduction of the rules of Islamic jurisprudence, the standards used by the institutions that give the ‘halal’ stamp and the factual circumstances in Austria, regarding the maintenance and slaughter of animals, the study comes to the conclusion that animals should be treated well, that animal care contradicts according to Islamic teachings, that halal meat is related to the type and health of the animal, the person who slaughters it and the form of slaughter, that the saying “bismillah” before slaughter is required of the Muslim butcher, but not necessary, that the main thing that slaughter to be in accordance with Islamic rules is the maximum bleeding of the animal, that the forms of stunning used in Austria (Europe) reduce the pain and stress of the animal before death, that the forms of stunning do not kill the animals in any way but only lose their perception for a few moments, that the slaughter of animals carried out by Christians and Jews today is the same as the slaughter carried out at the beginning of Islam, that Halal certifications are not based on unique standards, that current animal protection laws guarantee a high level of maintenance and slaughter that reduces animal pain, and that slaughtering animals in most cases is not a matter of worship but rather a matter of trade or hospitality., Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2022

The purpose of current investigation was to explore the scope of integrating an anaerobic digester in a decentralized municipal wastewater treatment plant for in-situ treatment of household waste. The present work intends to identify the potential of sewage sludge and food waste for biogas generation. The study was conducted in lab scale continuous stirred tank reactor having a working volume of 6.5 L at mesophilic temperature. The paper mill sludge was used as inoculum and was stabilised using food waste substrate for initial 50 days in batch mode. Co-digestion of food waste (FW) and bio-flocculated sewage sludge (BFS) was performed using continuous feeding for maintaining OLR of 2.5 gVSL- 1D- 1at HRT of 4 days for 120 days. 2% FW and 98% BFS (by volume) was feeded in the reactor throughout the experimental duration. The highest VFA accumulation of 1902 mg L-1 were observed and maximum bio-methane yield was found to be 127.05 mLCH4 g- 1 VSadded. The pH with current feeding ratio was found stable during the reactor operation without adding external alkalinity source.

Ascensio Hervé. In Memoriam Jacques Dehaussy 1924-2021. In: Annuaire français de droit international, volume 67, 2021. pp. 5-6.

Lanfranchi Marie-Pierre. In Memoriam Maurice Flory 1925-2021. In: Annuaire français de droit international, volume 67, 2021. pp. 7-9.

25 p. : il. -- Bibliogr.: p. 23-25, [ES] Las colecciones de los herbarios son un gran recurso para la investigación botánica y de biodiversidad, ya que sirven como referencia para el conocimiento de la variabilidad, fenología, distribución y hábitat de las especies. A raíz del presente trabajo se han contabilizado un total 40269 ejemplares que engloban: 182 familias, 1211 géneros y 5981 especies. Se da una clara predominancia de la familia Asteraceae en cuanto a géneros, especies y ejemplares. Respecto a géneros, los que más abundantes son Festuca y Carex, pero los más diversos en cuanto a especies son Hieracium y Centaurea. Finalmente, la especie más abundante es Festuca gr. rubra. Geográficamente el 92% de los ejemplares provienen de España. Además, el 75% han sido recogidas por miembros del departamento y doctorandos. El periodo más fructífero fue de 1997 a 2000. En lo que a la familia Gentianaceae Juss. se refiere, el Herbario BIO posee un total de 11 géneros, 53 especies y 534 ejemplares. De donde más se posee es de España con 427 ejemplares y provincialmente País Vasco es la que más ejemplares aporta y Burgos la que más géneros. Respecto a la distribución temporal la época de mayor recogida también fue durante 1997 a 2000. Como conclusión final, y en base a los resultados obtenidos, a pesar de la existencia de una clara predominancia de ciertas familias, géneros y especies, en proporción, el resto de las presentes equilibran dicha predominancia dotando por tanto de una gran diversidad al Herbario BIO., [EN] Herbarium collections are a great resource for botanical and biodiversity research, since they serve as a reference for the knowledge of the variability, phenology, distribution and habitat of the species. As a result of the present work, a total of 40269 specimens have been counted that include: 182 families, 1211 genera and 5981 species. There is a clear predominance of the Asteraceae family in terms of genera, species and specimens. Regarding genera, the most abundant are Festuca and Carex, but the most diverse in terms of species are Hieracium and Centaurea. Finally, the most abundant species is Festuca gr. rubra. Geographically 92% of the specimens come from Spain. In addition, 75% have been collected by members of the department and doctoral students. The most fruitful period was from 1997 to 2000. As for the family Gentianaceae Juss. refers, the BIO Herbarium has a total of 11 genera, 53 species and 534 specimens. From where it is most possessed is Spain with 427 specimens and, provincially, the Basque Country is the one with the most specimens and Burgos the one with the most genera. Regarding the temporal distribution, the time of greatest collection was also during 1997 to 2000. As a final conclusion, and based on the results obtained, despite the existence of a clear predominance of certain families, genera and species, in proportion, the rest of those present balance this predominance, thus providing the BIO Herbarium with great diversity.

25 p. : il. -- Bibliogr.: p. 23-25, [ES] Las colecciones de los herbarios son un gran recurso para la investigación botánica y de biodiversidad, ya que sirven como referencia para el conocimiento de la variabilidad, fenología, distribución y hábitat de las especies. A raíz del presente trabajo se han contabilizado un total 40269 ejemplares que engloban: 182 familias, 1211 géneros y 5981 especies. Se da una clara predominancia de la familia Asteraceae en cuanto a géneros, especies y ejemplares. Respecto a géneros, los que más abundantes son Festuca y Carex, pero los más diversos en cuanto a especies son Hieracium y Centaurea. Finalmente, la especie más abundante es Festuca gr. rubra. Geográficamente el 92% de los ejemplares provienen de España. Además, el 75% han sido recogidas por miembros del departamento y doctorandos. El periodo más fructífero fue de 1997 a 2000. En lo que a la familia Gentianaceae Juss. se refiere, el Herbario BIO posee un total de 11 géneros, 53 especies y 534 ejemplares. De donde más se posee es de España con 427 ejemplares y provincialmente País Vasco es la que más ejemplares aporta y Burgos la que más géneros. Respecto a la distribución temporal la época de mayor recogida también fue durante 1997 a 2000. Como conclusión final, y en base a los resultados obtenidos, a pesar de la existencia de una clara predominancia de ciertas familias, géneros y especies, en proporción, el resto de las presentes equilibran dicha predominancia dotando por tanto de una gran diversidad al Herbario BIO., [EN] Herbarium collections are a great resource for botanical and biodiversity research, since they serve as a reference for the knowledge of the variability, phenology, distribution and habitat of the species. As a result of the present work, a total of 40269 specimens have been counted that include: 182 families, 1211 genera and 5981 species. There is a clear predominance of the Asteraceae family in terms of genera, species and specimens. Regarding genera, the most abundant are Festuca and Carex, but the most diverse in terms of species are Hieracium and Centaurea. Finally, the most abundant species is Festuca gr. rubra. Geographically 92% of the specimens come from Spain. In addition, 75% have been collected by members of the department and doctoral students. The most fruitful period was from 1997 to 2000. As for the family Gentianaceae Juss. refers, the BIO Herbarium has a total of 11 genera, 53 species and 534 specimens. From where it is most possessed is Spain with 427 specimens and, provincially, the Basque Country is the one with the most specimens and Burgos the one with the most genera. Regarding the temporal distribution, the time of greatest collection was also during 1997 to 2000. As a final conclusion, and based on the results obtained, despite the existence of a clear predominance of certain families, genera and species, in proportion, the rest of those present balance this predominance, thus providing the BIO Herbarium with great diversity.

25 p. : il. -- Bibliogr.: p. 23-25, [ES] Las colecciones de los herbarios son un gran recurso para la investigación botánica y de biodiversidad, ya que sirven como referencia para el conocimiento de la variabilidad, fenología, distribución y hábitat de las especies. A raíz del presente trabajo se han contabilizado un total 40269 ejemplares que engloban: 182 familias, 1211 géneros y 5981 especies. Se da una clara predominancia de la familia Asteraceae en cuanto a géneros, especies y ejemplares. Respecto a géneros, los que más abundantes son Festuca y Carex, pero los más diversos en cuanto a especies son Hieracium y Centaurea. Finalmente, la especie más abundante es Festuca gr. rubra. Geográficamente el 92% de los ejemplares provienen de España. Además, el 75% han sido recogidas por miembros del departamento y doctorandos. El periodo más fructífero fue de 1997 a 2000. En lo que a la familia Gentianaceae Juss. se refiere, el Herbario BIO posee un total de 11 géneros, 53 especies y 534 ejemplares. De donde más se posee es de España con 427 ejemplares y provincialmente País Vasco es la que más ejemplares aporta y Burgos la que más géneros. Respecto a la distribución temporal la época de mayor recogida también fue durante 1997 a 2000. Como conclusión final, y en base a los resultados obtenidos, a pesar de la existencia de una clara predominancia de ciertas familias, géneros y especies, en proporción, el resto de las presentes equilibran dicha predominancia dotando por tanto de una gran diversidad al Herbario BIO., [EN] Herbarium collections are a great resource for botanical and biodiversity research, since they serve as a reference for the knowledge of the variability, phenology, distribution and habitat of the species. As a result of the present work, a total of 40269 specimens have been counted that include: 182 families, 1211 genera and 5981 species. There is a clear predominance of the Asteraceae family in terms of genera, species and specimens. Regarding genera, the most abundant are Festuca and Carex, but the most diverse in terms of species are Hieracium and Centaurea. Finally, the most abundant species is Festuca gr. rubra. Geographically 92% of the specimens come from Spain. In addition, 75% have been collected by members of the department and doctoral students. The most fruitful period was from 1997 to 2000. As for the family Gentianaceae Juss. refers, the BIO Herbarium has a total of 11 genera, 53 species and 534 specimens. From where it is most possessed is Spain with 427 specimens and, provincially, the Basque Country is the one with the most specimens and Burgos the one with the most genera. Regarding the temporal distribution, the time of greatest collection was also during 1997 to 2000. As a final conclusion, and based on the results obtained, despite the existence of a clear predominance of certain families, genera and species, in proportion, the rest of those present balance this predominance, thus providing the BIO Herbarium with great diversity.

Our planet is currently facing an unprecedented state of emergency concerning environmental depletion that has brought forth consequences such as biodiversity loss, climate change, and the rise of sea levels. These urgent, global challenges require new paradigms of being, relating to each other, and doing that operate from a foundational level (mental models), through a relational level (social connections, interdisciplinarity), and into a practice level (technical solutions).Design for Conservation1 (D4C) is a methodological toolkit that environmental conservation groups can use to maximize innovation outcomes and ensure effective, sustainable, transformative change. In this paper, we present the rationale behind the mindsets that intend to set foundational attitudes when following a D4C approach. We also discuss the role of empathy, which is a fundamental aspect of the Design Thinking approach and it is also central to the D4C methodology as the main ability for the reconnection stage. Mental models help us simplify complexity, understand why we consider some things more relevant than others, and influence our decisions. In general, contemporary design-er mindsets promote openness and a positive attitude through empathy, collaboration, creativity, error-friendliness, iteration, ambiguity, amongst others. While these mindsets have proven to be very useful in a market-led context, they are insufficient when designing for sustainability and environmental conservation purposes. Design for Conservation requires a radical systemic shift that challenges the current notions of value, success, health and wellbeing, that cannot be achieved following market-led mental models. Therefore, we established the following hypothesis: “through the use of bio-inspiration, we can identify general principles that govern people and natural systems alike and use them as a basis for defining mental models.” The result of this analysis led to the definition of 7 interconnected mental model, Nosso planeta está atualmente enfrentando um estado de emergência sem precedentes em relação ao esgotamento ambiental que trouxe consequências como perda de biodiversidade, mudanças climáticas e aumento do nível do mar. Esses desafios urgentes e globais exigem novos paradigmas de ser, relacionar-se e fazer que operem desde um nível fundacional (modelos mentais), por meio de um nível relacional (conexões sociais, interdisciplinaridade) e até um nível de prática (soluções técnicas).Design for Conservation (D4C) é um conjunto de ferramentas metodológicas que grupos de preservação ambiental podem usar para maximizar os resultados da inovação e garantir mudanças eficazes, sustentáveis e transformadoras. Neste artigo, apresentamos a lógica por trás das mentalidades que pretendem definir atitudes fundamentais ao seguir uma abordagem D4C. Também discutimos o papel da empatia, que é um aspecto fundamental da abordagem do Design Thinking e também é central para a metodologia D4C como a principal habilidade para a fase de reconexão. Os modelos mentais nos ajudam a simplificar a complexidade, entender por que consideramos algumas coisas mais relevantes do que outras e influenciar nossas decisões. Em geral, as mentalidades dos designers contemporâneos promovem a abertura e uma atitude positiva por meio de empatia, colaboração, criatividade, facilidade de erro, iteração, ambigüidade, entre outros. Embora essas mentalidades tenham se mostrado muito úteis em um contexto liderado pelo mercado, elas são insuficientes ao projetar para fins de sustentabilidade e conservação ambiental. Design for Conservation requer uma mudança sistêmica radical que desafia as noções atuais de valor, sucesso, saúde e bem-estar, que não podem ser alcançadas seguindo modelos mentais liderados pelo mercado.Portanto, estabelecemos a seguinte hipótese: “por meio do uso da bioinspiração, podemos identificar princípios gerais que regem as pessoas e os sistemas naturais e usá-los como base para a definição de m, Nuestro planeta se enfrenta actualmente a un estado de emergencia sin precedentes por el agotamiento ambiental que ha traído consecuencias como la pérdida de biodiversidad, el cambio climático y el aumento del nivel del mar. Estos desafíos globales y urgentes requieren nuevos paradigmas de ser, relacionarse entre sí y hacer que operen desde un nivel fundacional (modelos mentales), a través de un nivel relacional (conexiones sociales, interdisciplinariedad) y en un nivel de práctica (soluciones técnicas). Design for Conservation (D4C) es un conjunto de herramientas metodológicas que los grupos de conservación del medio ambiente pueden utilizar para maximizar los resultados de la innovación y garantizar un cambio transformador, sostenible y eficaz. En este artículo, presentamos la justificación detrás de las mentalidades que pretenden establecer actitudes fundamentales al seguir un enfoque D4C. También discutimos el papel de la empatía, que es un aspecto fundamental del enfoque de Design Thinking y también es central para la metodología D4C como la principal habilidad para la etapa de reconexión. Los modelos mentales nos ayudan a simplificar la complejidad, comprender por qué consideramos algunas cosas más relevantes que otras e influir en nuestras decisiones. En general, la mentalidad de los diseñadores contemporáneos promueve la apertura y una actitud positiva a través de la empatía, la colaboración, la creatividad, la facilidad para cometer errores, la iteración, la ambigüedad, entre otros. Si bien estas mentalidades han demostrado ser muy útiles en un contexto liderado por el mercado, son insuficientes cuando se diseñan con fines de sostenibilidad y conservación del medio ambiente. El diseño para la conservación requiere un cambio sistémico radical que desafíe las nociones actuales de valor, éxito, salud y bienestar, que no se pueden lograr siguiendo modelos mentales dirigidos por el mercado. Por lo tanto, establecimos la siguiente hipótesis: “mediante el uso de l

Biomimicry is not considered a developed design discipline yet, even with a methodology and supporting theories well established. In most cases, biomimicry is only considered an emerging discipline. The epistemology of biomimicry is a project under development, a discipline under construction. This article proposes a brief review on conceptual and contextual aspects of biomimicry, a review on its methodological content, and an analysis of present and possible future of this emerging discipline., A biomimética ainda não é considerada uma disciplina de design desenvolvida, mesmo com uma metodologia e teorias de suporte bem estabelecidas. Na maioria dos casos, a biomimética é considerada apenas uma disciplina emergente. A epistemologia da biomimética é um projeto em desenvolvimento, uma disciplina em construção. Este artigo propõe uma breve revisão dos aspectos conceituais e contextuais da biomimética, uma revisão do seu conteúdo metodológico e uma análise do presente e possível futuro desta disciplina emergente., La biomimesis (biomimicry) aún con su metodología y su campo teórico mayormente establecido, no es considerada una disciplina de diseño todavía, o en el mejor de los casos, es sólo considerada como una disciplina emergente. La epistemología de la biomimesis es un proyecto en ejecución, una disciplina en construcción. Este artículo propone una breve revisión conceptual y contextual de la biomimesis, un repaso de su contenido metodológico, y una descripción del presente y futuro de la disciplina emergente.

The current knowledge demonstrates the expansion of responsive facades’ propositions resorting to biomimetic approaches, materials research, and algorithmic design. This work comprises trends in materials and technologies that contribute to the thermal and environmental control of buildings in favor of sustainability. We analysed eleven facades and installations proposals.The chosen designs meet the following criteria: presenting different reversible strategies for transforming the material and/or bio-based materials. In future works, we intend to propose new responsive facade solutions to con-tribute to the sustainability of buildings, O conhecimento atual demonstra a expansão das proposições de fachadas res-ponsivas recorrendo a abordagens biomiméticas, pesquisa de materiais e design algorítmi-co. Este trabalho contempla tendências em materiais e tecnologias que contribuem para o controle térmico e ambiental das edificações em prol da sustentabilidade. Foram analisa-das onze propostas de fachadas e instalações. Os projetos escolhidos atendem aos seguin-tes critérios: apresentar diferentes estratégias reversíveis de transformação do material e / ou materiais de base biológica. Em trabalhos futuros, pretendemos propor novas soluções de fachada responsiva para contribuir para a sustentabilidade dos edifícios., El conocimiento actual demuestra la expansión de las propuestas de las fachadas receptivas recurriendo a enfoques biomiméticos, investigación de materiales y diseño algorítmico. Este trabajo recoge las tendencias en materiales y tecnologías que contribuyen al control térmico y ambiental de los edificios a favor de la sostenibilidad. Analizamos once propuestas de fachadas e instalaciones, los diseños elegidos cumplen con los siguientes criterios: presentar diferentes estrategias reversibles de transformación del material y/o materiales de base biológica. En obras futuras, pretendemos proponer nuevas soluciones de fachada receptiva para contribuir a la sostenibilidad de los edificios.

The facade is the skin that filters and promotes the interaction between the interior and exterior of the building. During its conception process, one must understand environmental patterns, observe the incident climate, and propose solutions that consider the use of the building and take advantage of the climate ́s opportunities, filtering ad-vantages and disadvantages. Facades are composed of opaque and transparent elements, closed and open, and the openings are the elements that promote the greatest connection between the external and internal environments. Recent design explorations consider par-ametric modeling and digital fabrication as strategies to establish and manufacture com-plex facade solutions. Nevertheless, these solutions often disregard their selective filtering function, thus the solutions are established frequently through aesthetic requirements. The complexity of modeling the building skin solution associated with performance require-ments hinders an approach compatible with bioclimatology, efficiency, and biomimetic requirements, as it increases the mathematical problem complexity for optimization pro-cesses associated with environmental characteristics. This paper presents a mathematical model inspired by nature and its principles to simplify form-finding processes of complex solutions in responsive facades. The result features a flexible simplified algorithm capable of generating patterns for any kind of shading devices and/or opening solution, in order to facilitate the modeling and optimization processes of facade solutions. The generated algorithm is applied using Python script, Grasshopper and Rhinoceros 3D., A fachada é a pele que filtra e promove a interação entre o interior e o exterior do edifício. Durante o seu processo de concepção, deve-se entender os padrões ambien-tais, observar o clima incidente e propor soluções que considerem o uso da edificação e aproveitem as oportunidades do clima, filtrando vantagens e desvantagens. As fachadas são compostas por elementos opacos e transparentes, fechados e abertos, e as aberturas são os elementos que promovem a maior ligação entre os ambientes externo e interno. Ex-plorações de design recentes consideram a modelagem paramétrica e a fabricação digital como estratégias para estabelecer e fabricar soluções de fachada complexas. No entanto, essas soluções muitas vezes desconsideram sua função de filtragem seletiva, portanto, as soluções são estabelecidas frequentemente por meio de requisitos estéticos. A complexi-dade da modelagem da solução de pele do edifício associada aos requisitos de desempe-nho dificulta uma abordagem compatível com a bioclimatologia, eficiência e requisitos biomiméticos, pois aumenta a complexidade do problema matemático para processos de otimização associados às características ambientais. Este artigo apresenta um mode-lo matemático inspirado na natureza e seus princípios para simplificar os processos de descoberta de formas de soluções complexas em fachadas responsivas. O resultado apre-senta um algoritmo simplificado e flexível capaz de gerar padrões para qualquer tipo de dispositivo de sombreamento e / ou solução de abertura, a fim de facilitar os processos de modelagem e otimização de soluções de fachada. O algoritmo gerado é aplicado usando script Python, Grasshopper e Rhinoceros 3D., La fachada es la piel que filtra y promueve la interacción entre el interior y el exterior del edificio. Durante su proceso de concepción, se debe comprender los patrones ambientales, observar el clima incidente y proponer soluciones que consideren el uso del edificio y aprovechen las oportunidades del clima, filtrando ventajas y desventajas. Las fachadas están compuestas por elementos opacos y transparentes, cerrados y abiertos, y las aberturas son los elementos que promueven la mayor conexión entre los ambientes externos e internos. Las exploraciones de diseño recientes consideran el modelado paramétrico y la fabricación digital como estrategias para establecer y fabricar soluciones de fachada complejas. Sin embargo, estas soluciones a menudo ignoran su función de filtrado selectivo, por lo que las soluciones se establecen con frecuencia a través de requisitos estéticos. La complejidad de modelar la solución de revestimiento del edificio asociada con los requisitos de rendimiento dificulta un enfoque compatible con los requisitos bioclimatológicos, de eficiencia, y biomiméticos, ya que aumenta la complejidad del problema matemático para los procesos de optimización asociados con las características ambientales. Este artículo presenta un modelo matemático inspirado en la naturaleza y sus principios para simplificar los procesos de búsqueda de formas de soluciones complejas en fachadas receptivas. El resultado presenta un algoritmo flexible simplificado capaz de generar patrones para cualquier tipo de sombreado y/o solución de apertura, con el fin de facilitar los procesos de modelado y optimización de las soluciones de fachada. El algoritmo generado se aplica mediante el script Python, Grasshopper y Rhinoceros 3D.

This review seeks to update our knowledge about fruits, your structures, your materials for development of bio-inspired products, and your respective applications in-volving energy absorption, and shock dissipation. In nature, we will find a multitude of biological structure that performs the function of protection and crashworthiness. This study focuses on one of the biologically most important functions found in the natural packaging –that consists of the direct or indirect protection against mechanical damage or other negative environmental influences that involving crashworthiness– as well as energy absorption. Through of the systematic literature review, which includes all peer-reviewed research, documents that are relevant to the objective to ensure a comprehensive search were selected 21 research studies. Three research databases were identified: (I) web of Sci-ence, (II) Scopus, and (III) Science Direct. Only primary empirical studies were included. The review identified several situations where Biomimetics and Bio-inspiration method-ology are introduced for improvements and solving technological problems by analyzing, abstracting, adapting, and transposing biological principles, into the technical world. The results indicated that the structures based on fruits could improve the structure’s effi-ciency that has the role of providing an effective bio-inspired absorber for a multitude of product designs. Although there are several studies, more research is needed for use of new technologies and new settings to ensure recommendations that can implement the improvement of the development of design bio-inspired., Esta revisão busca atualizar nosso conhecimento sobre frutas, suas estruturas, seus materiais para o desenvolvimento de produtos bioinspirados e suas respectivas apli-cações envolvendo absorção de energia e dissipação de choque. Na natureza, encontrare-mos uma infinidade de estruturas biológicas que desempenham a função de proteção e re-sistência a choques. Este estudo enfoca uma das funções biologicamente mais importantes encontradas nas embalagens naturais - que consiste na proteção direta ou indireta contra danos mecânicos ou outras influências ambientais negativas que envolvam resistência ao choque - bem como a absorção de energia. Por meio da revisão sistemática da literatu-ra, que inclui todas as pesquisas revisadas por pares, foram selecionados 21 trabalhos de pesquisa que são relevantes ao objetivo de garantir uma busca abrangente. Três bancos de dados de pesquisa foram identificados: (I) web of Science, (II) Scopus e (III) Science Direct. Apenas estudos empíricos primários foram incluídos. A revisão identificou várias situações onde a Biomimética e a metodologia de Bioinspiração são introduzidas para melhorias e solução de problemas tecnológicos por meio da análise, abstração, adaptação e transposição de princípios biológicos para o mundo técnico. Os resultados indicaram que as estruturas baseadas em frutas podem melhorar a eficiência da estrutura que tem o papel de fornecer um absorvedor bioinspirado eficaz para uma infinidade de designs de produtos. Embora existam diversos estudos, mais pesquisas são necessárias para utilização de novas tecnologias e novos ambientes para garantir recomendações que possam imple-mentar a melhoria do desenvolvimento de projetos bioinspirados., Esta revisión busca actualizar nuestro conocimiento sobre frutas, sus estructuras, sus materiales para el desarrollo de productos bioinspirados y sus respectivas aplicaciones relacionadas con la absorción de energía y la disipación de impactos. En la naturaleza, encontraremos multitud de estructuras biológicas que cumplen la función de protección y resistencia a los choques. Este estudio se centra en una de las funciones biológicamente más importantes que se encuentran en el embalaje natural, que consiste en la protección directa o indirecta contra daños mecánicos u otras influencias ambientales negativas que involucran la resistencia a los choques, así como la absorción de energía. A través de la revisión sistemática de la literatura, que incluye toda la investigación revisada por pares, se seleccionaron 21 estudios de investigación documentos que son relevantes para el objetivo de asegurar una búsqueda integral. Se identificaron tres bases de datos de investigación: (I) web of Science, (II) Scopus y (III) Science Direct. Solo se incluyeron estudios empíricos primarios. La revisión identificó varias situaciones en las que se introduce la metodología Biomimética y Bioinspiración para mejorar y resolver problemas tecnológicos mediante el análisis, la abstracción, la adaptación y la transposición de principios biológicos al mundo técnico. Los resultados indicaron que las estructuras basadas en frutas podrían mejorar la eficiencia de la estructura que tiene la función de proporcionar un absorbente bioinspirado eficaz para una multitud de diseños de productos. Aunque existen varios estudios, se necesita más investigación para el uso de nuevas tecnologías y nuevos escenarios para asegurar recomendaciones que puedan implementar la mejora del desarrollo de diseño bioinspirado.

En el presente trabajo final de grado (TFG) se desarrolla el diseño de una pieza dentro del conjunto mobiliario para exterior, en concreto se trata de una silla. El trabajo es enfocado como si un tercero pide el desarrollo completo del producto. Esta silla, se caracteriza por emplear como material estructural ORYZITE, un biocomposite formado por la combinación de un material plástico como la PA6 junto con la estrella y clave del proyecto la cascara de arroz, objeto de desperdicio durante millones de año y así poder darle un uso. El proyecto se desarrolla con el objetivo de obtener un producto elegante, que proporcione durabilidad y que tenga una buena huella ambiental, siendo esta ultima la clave del proyecto. Además de tener el añadido de realizar una silla con un ensamble sin tornillería. Debido a la dificultad del proyecto ya que es la primera vez que se desarrolla un producto de este tipo con este material, se desarrolla una única silla, aunque la idea inicial era la de crear una colección. Además, se estudiará los productos similares en el mercado y las últimas tendencias. Así como, la realización del proceso para la fabricación y ensamblaje. También se desarrollara un plan de marketing creando asi tanto una estrategia de marketing como un branding propio. El objetivo es garantizar la funcionalidad y calidad del mueble. El cual se ha diseñado en base a los aspectos como la ergonomía y resistencia estructural entre otros. Asi como proporcionar una propia imagen y vista de la marca del producto., In this final degree project (TFG) the design of a piece is developed within the outdoor furniture set, specifically a chair. The project is focused as if a third requests the full development of the product This chair is characterized by using as structural material ORYZITE, a biocomposite formed by the combination of a plastic material such as PLA together with the star and key of the project the rice husk, an object of waste for millions of years and thus be able to give it a use. The project is developed with the aim of obtaining an elegant product that provides durability and has a good environmental footprint, the latter being the key to the project. In addition to having the addition of making a chair with an assembly without screws. Due to the difficulty of the project and it is the first time that a product of this type has been developed with this material, a single chair was developed, although the initial idea was to create a collection. In addition, you will study the similar products on the market and the latest trends. As well as, the realization of the process for manufacturing and assembly. A marketing plan will also be developed, thus creating both a marketing strategy and your own branding. The objective is to guarantee the functionality and quality of the furniture. Which has been designed based on aspects such as ergonomics and structural resistance among others. As well as providing an own image and view of the product brand., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura

The issue of food is at the center of major debates in contemporary times. Indeed, the great world scandals involving adulteration and contamination of food are rising as the full proof of the risk society described, in a prophetic tone, by Ulrich Beck. The uncertainty regarding the quality of agri-food products has been pointed out as one of the factors that explain, to a greater or lesser extent, the uninterrupted growth in the rates of increase in production and consumption of organic products across the planet. However, there are a number of studies that highlight the barriers that prevent the expansion of this segment of agricultural production. Most of these studies state that the price of organic food tends to be higher than that of conventional products. The core objective of the research that led to the preparation of this article was to seek answers to this question. Over 54 weeks, weekly prices were monitored for ten products in four marketing channels in a municipality in Brazil (Pelotas, Río Grande del Sur-RS, Brazil), as follows: two large supermarkets, a conventional fair and an organic fair. Main results indicate that the conventional fair has the largest number of products with lower average prices. However, at the organic fair, there were products whose average prices varied very little during the year and some even showed to be lower than in other marketing channels. This research converges to the understanding that the prices charged are not necessarily a factor that restricts organic consumption., La question de l'alimentation est au centre des débats contemporains. En effet, les scandales mondiaux liés à l'adultération et à la contamination des aliments se multiplient comme la preuve complète de la société du risque, décrite, sur un ton prophétique, par Ulrich Beck. L'incertitude sur la qualité des produits agroalimentaires est signalée comme l'un des facteurs qui expliquent, dans une plus ou moins grande mesure, la croissance ininterrompue des taux d'augmentation de la production et de la consommation de produits biologiques dans le monde. Cependant, un certain nombre d'études mettent en évidence les obstacles qui empêchent l'expansion de ce segment de la production agricole. La plupart de ces études indiquent que le prix des produits biologiques a tendance à être plus élevé que celui des produits conventionnels. L'objectif de la recherche qui a conduit à l'élaboration de cet article était de chercher des réponses à cette question. Pendant 54 semaines, les prix hebdomadaires de dix produits ont été relevés dans quatre canaux de commercialisation différents dans une municipalité du Brésil (Pelotas, Río Grande do Sul-RS, Brésil), à savoir: deux grands supermarchés et deux foires de rue (une foire conventionnelle et une foire bio. Les résultats indiquent que la foire conventionnelle a le plus grand nombre de produits avec des prix moyens inférieurs. Cependant, à la foire bio, il y avait des produits dont les prix moyens variaient très peu au cours de l'année, et certains produits se sont même avérés inférieurs à ceux des autres circuits de commercialisation. Cette recherche s'ajoute à des études qui considèrent que le prix n'est pas nécessairement un obstacle à la consommation des aliments bio., A questão da alimentação se insere no centro dos debates da contemporaneidade. Com efeito, os grandes escândalos mundiais envolvendo adulterações e contaminação de alimentos se insurgem como a prova cabal da sociedade de risco descrita, em tom profético, por Ulrich Beck. A incerteza em relação à qualidade dos produtos agroalimentares tem sido apontada como um dos fatores que explicam, em maior ou menor medida, o crescimento ininterrupto nas taxas de incremento da produção e do consumo dos produtos orgânicos em todo o planeta. Todavia, há uma série de trabalhos que evidenciam as barreiras que impedem a expansão desse segmento da produção agropecuária. Boa parte desses estudos afirma que o preço dos alimentos orgânicos tende a ser mais alto que o dos produtos convencionais. O objetivo da pesquisa que ensejou a elaboração desse artigo foi buscar respostas a essa questão. Ao longo de 54 semanas realizou-se o acompanhamento semanal dos preços praticados de dez produtos em quatro canais de comercialização de um município do Brasil (Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul-RS, Brasil), a saber: dois grandes supermercados, uma feira convencional e uma feira orgânica. Os resultados indicam que a feira convencional conta com o maior número de produtos com preços médios mais baixos. Todavia, na feira orgânica houve produtos cujos preços médios variaram muito pouco durante o ano, havendo, inclusive, alguns produtos que se mostraram mais baixos que nos demais canais de comercialização. A presente pesquisa converge para o entendimento de que os preços praticados não são, necessariamente, um fator que restringe o consumo de orgânicos., La cuestión de la alimentación se inserta en el seno de los debates de la contemporaneidad. En efecto, los escándalos mundiales resultantes de adulteraciones y de la contaminación alimentaria se inscriben como prueba fehaciente de una sociedad de riesgo dibujada, en tono profético, por Ulrich Beck. La incertidumbre en relación con la calidad de los productos es considerada como uno de los factores que explican –en mayor o menor medida– el crecimiento ininterrumpido de la producción y del consumo de los productos orgánicos a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, otro conjunto de estudios apunta diversos obstáculos que impiden la expansión de dicho segmento económico. Gran parte de ellos afirman que el precio de los orgánicos tiende a ser más alto que los productos convencionales. Con el objetivo de dar respuestas a esta cuestión, la presente investigación se basó en un muestreo efectuado efectuado a lo largo de 54 semanas para los precios de diez productos en cuatro canales distintos de comercialización de un municipio de Brasil (Pelotas, Río Grande del Sur-RS, Brasil), a saber: dos grandes supermercados y dos ferias de calle (una, de productos de la agricultura convencional; y otra de agricultura orgánica). Los principales resultados indican que en la feria convencional se registró el mayor número de productos cuyos precios fueron los más bajos. Empero, en la feria orgánica los precios fueron muy competitivos, incluso algunos se mostraron más bajos y más estables que en los restantes canales estudiados. Así, la presente investigación se suma a los estudios que consideran que el precio no es –necesariamente– un obstáculo al consumo de productos orgánicos.

The issue of food is at the center of major debates in contemporary times. Indeed, the great world scandals involving adulteration and contamination of food are rising as the full proof of the risk society described, in a prophetic tone, by Ulrich Beck. The uncertainty regarding the quality of agri-food products has been pointed out as one of the factors that explain, to a greater or lesser extent, the uninterrupted growth in the rates of increase in production and consumption of organic products across the planet. However, there are a number of studies that highlight the barriers that prevent the expansion of this segment of agricultural production. Most of these studies state that the price of organic food tends to be higher than that of conventional products. The core objective of the research that led to the preparation of this article was to seek answers to this question. Over 54 weeks, weekly prices were monitored for ten products in four marketing channels in a municipality in Brazil (Pelotas, Río Grande del Sur-RS, Brazil), as follows: two large supermarkets, a conventional fair and an organic fair. Main results indicate that the conventional fair has the largest number of products with lower average prices. However, at the organic fair, there were products whose average prices varied very little during the year and some even showed to be lower than in other marketing channels. This research converges to the understanding that the prices charged are not necessarily a factor that restricts organic consumption., La question de l'alimentation est au centre des débats contemporains. En effet, les scandales mondiaux liés à l'adultération et à la contamination des aliments se multiplient comme la preuve complète de la société du risque, décrite, sur un ton prophétique, par Ulrich Beck. L'incertitude sur la qualité des produits agroalimentaires est signalée comme l'un des facteurs qui expliquent, dans une plus ou moins grande mesure, la croissance ininterrompue des taux d'augmentation de la production et de la consommation de produits biologiques dans le monde. Cependant, un certain nombre d'études mettent en évidence les obstacles qui empêchent l'expansion de ce segment de la production agricole. La plupart de ces études indiquent que le prix des produits biologiques a tendance à être plus élevé que celui des produits conventionnels. L'objectif de la recherche qui a conduit à l'élaboration de cet article était de chercher des réponses à cette question. Pendant 54 semaines, les prix hebdomadaires de dix produits ont été relevés dans quatre canaux de commercialisation différents dans une municipalité du Brésil (Pelotas, Río Grande do Sul-RS, Brésil), à savoir: deux grands supermarchés et deux foires de rue (une foire conventionnelle et une foire bio. Les résultats indiquent que la foire conventionnelle a le plus grand nombre de produits avec des prix moyens inférieurs. Cependant, à la foire bio, il y avait des produits dont les prix moyens variaient très peu au cours de l'année, et certains produits se sont même avérés inférieurs à ceux des autres circuits de commercialisation. Cette recherche s'ajoute à des études qui considèrent que le prix n'est pas nécessairement un obstacle à la consommation des aliments bio., A questão da alimentação se insere no centro dos debates da contemporaneidade. Com efeito, os grandes escândalos mundiais envolvendo adulterações e contaminação de alimentos se insurgem como a prova cabal da sociedade de risco descrita, em tom profético, por Ulrich Beck. A incerteza em relação à qualidade dos produtos agroalimentares tem sido apontada como um dos fatores que explicam, em maior ou menor medida, o crescimento ininterrupto nas taxas de incremento da produção e do consumo dos produtos orgânicos em todo o planeta. Todavia, há uma série de trabalhos que evidenciam as barreiras que impedem a expansão desse segmento da produção agropecuária. Boa parte desses estudos afirma que o preço dos alimentos orgânicos tende a ser mais alto que o dos produtos convencionais. O objetivo da pesquisa que ensejou a elaboração desse artigo foi buscar respostas a essa questão. Ao longo de 54 semanas realizou-se o acompanhamento semanal dos preços praticados de dez produtos em quatro canais de comercialização de um município do Brasil (Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul-RS, Brasil), a saber: dois grandes supermercados, uma feira convencional e uma feira orgânica. Os resultados indicam que a feira convencional conta com o maior número de produtos com preços médios mais baixos. Todavia, na feira orgânica houve produtos cujos preços médios variaram muito pouco durante o ano, havendo, inclusive, alguns produtos que se mostraram mais baixos que nos demais canais de comercialização. A presente pesquisa converge para o entendimento de que os preços praticados não são, necessariamente, um fator que restringe o consumo de orgânicos., La cuestión de la alimentación se inserta en el seno de los debates de la contemporaneidad. En efecto, los escándalos mundiales resultantes de adulteraciones y de la contaminación alimentaria se inscriben como prueba fehaciente de una sociedad de riesgo dibujada, en tono profético, por Ulrich Beck. La incertidumbre en relación con la calidad de los productos es considerada como uno de los factores que explican –en mayor o menor medida– el crecimiento ininterrumpido de la producción y del consumo de los productos orgánicos a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, otro conjunto de estudios apunta diversos obstáculos que impiden la expansión de dicho segmento económico. Gran parte de ellos afirman que el precio de los orgánicos tiende a ser más alto que los productos convencionales. Con el objetivo de dar respuestas a esta cuestión, la presente investigación se basó en un muestreo efectuado efectuado a lo largo de 54 semanas para los precios de diez productos en cuatro canales distintos de comercialización de un municipio de Brasil (Pelotas, Río Grande del Sur-RS, Brasil), a saber: dos grandes supermercados y dos ferias de calle (una, de productos de la agricultura convencional; y otra de agricultura orgánica). Los principales resultados indican que en la feria convencional se registró el mayor número de productos cuyos precios fueron los más bajos. Empero, en la feria orgánica los precios fueron muy competitivos, incluso algunos se mostraron más bajos y más estables que en los restantes canales estudiados. Así, la presente investigación se suma a los estudios que consideran que el precio no es –necesariamente– un obstáculo al consumo de productos orgánicos.

Kerbrat Yann. In Memoriam Charles Leben 1945-2020. In: Annuaire français de droit international, volume 66, 2020. pp. 5-6.

Robert Jean-Noël. Allocution à l’occasion du décès de M.Rainer Stadelmann. In: Comptes-rendus des séances de l année - Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, 163e année, N. 1, 2019. pp. 49-50.

Robert Jean-Noël. Allocution à l’occasion du décès de Mme Véronique Schiltz. In: Comptes-rendus des séances de l année - Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, 163e année, N. 1, 2019. pp. 169-171.

There are two appeals used in today’s advertising industry. Either an emotional appeal is used or a rational one. Especially in the food industry the right marketing of the products is of utmost importance, because there are numerous purchase options and alternatives for consumers. Especially the organic sector is getting increasingly larger and more interesting for many consumers due to rising nutritional awareness and interest in social aspects. In this thesis, the effect of advertising message (emotional and rational), product type (organic and conventional) and the moderator environmental involvement on the attitude of consumers and on consumer behaviour is tested and analysed. Based on a 2 x 2 between-subject experimental design, a survey was conducted with 127 participants. The results showed that organic products have a more positive attitude towards advertising than conventional products. Customers are also more willing to buy the product after seeing an organic advertisement, pay more for it and talk more positively about it than after seeing a conventional food advertisement. Nevertheless, the study found no significant results on the effect of the advertising message (emotional and rational) on consumer attitude and behaviour. The theoretical and business implications and limitations arising from the findings are discussed in the thesis., submitted by Magdalena Wehinger, Masterarbeit University of Innsbruck 2019

Nikoloz Jabadari, BSc, Universtät Innsbruck, Masterarbeit, 2019, (VLID)3597728

The study researches the media habits and attitude of the Swedish youths toward the Swedish film industry. By using official sources and literature about the Swedish film industry and media statistics it becomes clear that Swedish film attracts a minority of the Swedish cinema attenders, and that the media habits of the Swedish youths favors foreign movies. It becomes clear that youths have a relatively negative attitude towards Swedish movies, which is seen as dull in comparison to foreign movies.

[ES] La actual búsqueda de materiales de alto rendimiento, tanto en el ámbito de la mecánica como en el de aislamiento o resistencia a ambientes desfavorables, ha llevado al estudio y desarrollo de productos con composiciones variadas que sean capaces de satisfacer todos estos aspectos. Actualmente, en el mercado ya existen compuestos con características muy destacables, sin embargo, en muchos de los casos la contaminación que conlleva el procesado y obtención de estas materias es demasiado elevada. Este proyecto se ha centrado en la obtención de materiales de altas prestaciones desde un punto de vista respetuoso con el medio ambiente. Se han utilizado materias primas como refuerzos de origen natural o resinas ecológicas para conseguir un producto final a la altura de las necesidades actuales. Concretamente, se ha enfocado este trabajo en el estudio y manejo de materiales tipo sándwich. Este tipo de materiales compuestos están basados en la combinación de núcleos y refuerzos exteriores, por lo que se ha llevado a cabo la utilización diversas estructuras con la intención de encontrar una combinación de materias primas, según la cual, se consiga un producto resultante con características competentes. El tipo de núcleo utilizado para este estudio pertenece la familia de núcleos permeables. Con características de alta resistencia a la compresión. Este tipo de material permite realizar las infusiones a través de sí mismo, por lo que son necesarios menos utensilios para realizar el proceso y por lo tanto menos productos contaminantes. Además, está compuesto a base de poliéster, que se recicla con relativa facilidad, puede ser de origen BIO e incluso biodegradable. El estudio se ha abordado analizando los materiales actuales y las posibilidades que estos ofrecen, investigando nuevos procesos de infusión de alto rendimiento y bajo impacto medioambiental, así como analizando las propiedades que ofrecen los materiales resultantes de esta combinación y caracterizándolos técnic, [EN] The current search for high performance materials, both in the field of mechanics and in isolation or resistance to unfavorable environments, has led to the study and development of products with varied compositions that are capable of satisfying all these aspects. Currently, in the market there are already compounds with very remarkable characteristics, however, in many cases the contamination that comes with processing and obtaining these materials is too high. This project has focused on obtaining high performance materials from an environmentally friendly point of view. Raw materials such as natural origin reinforcements or ecological resins have been used to achieve a final product that meets current needs. Specifically, this work has focused on the study and manufacture of sandwich materials. These types of composite materials are based on the combination of cores and external reinforcements, so various structures have been used with the intention of finding a combination of raw materials, according to which, a resulting product with competent characteristics is achieved. The type of core used for this study belongs to the permeable core family. With characteristics of high compressive strength. This type of material allows the infusions to be made through itself, so less tools are needed to make the process and therefore fewer polluting products are generated. In addition, it is composed of polyester, which is recycled with relative ease, can be of BIO origin and even biodegradable. The study has been carried out by analyzing the current materials and the possibilities they offer, investigating new infusion processes of high performance and low environmental impact, as well as analyzing the properties offered by the materials resulting from this combination and characterizing them technically. Thus, each of these steps has been studied comparing the results with other materials and procedures already existing in the market.¿

[ES] La actual búsqueda de materiales de alto rendimiento, tanto en el ámbito de la mecánica como en el de aislamiento o resistencia a ambientes desfavorables, ha llevado al estudio y desarrollo de productos con composiciones variadas que sean capaces de satisfacer todos estos aspectos. Actualmente, en el mercado ya existen compuestos con características muy destacables, sin embargo, en muchos de los casos la contaminación que conlleva el procesado y obtención de estas materias es demasiado elevada. Este proyecto se ha centrado en la obtención de materiales de altas prestaciones desde un punto de vista respetuoso con el medio ambiente. Se han utilizado materias primas como refuerzos de origen natural o resinas ecológicas para conseguir un producto final a la altura de las necesidades actuales. Concretamente, se ha enfocado este trabajo en el estudio y manejo de materiales tipo sándwich. Este tipo de materiales compuestos están basados en la combinación de núcleos y refuerzos exteriores, por lo que se ha llevado a cabo la utilización diversas estructuras con la intención de encontrar una combinación de materias primas, según la cual, se consiga un producto resultante con características competentes. El tipo de núcleo utilizado para este estudio pertenece la familia de núcleos permeables. Con características de alta resistencia a la compresión. Este tipo de material permite realizar las infusiones a través de sí mismo, por lo que son necesarios menos utensilios para realizar el proceso y por lo tanto menos productos contaminantes. Además, está compuesto a base de poliéster, que se recicla con relativa facilidad, puede ser de origen BIO e incluso biodegradable. El estudio se ha abordado analizando los materiales actuales y las posibilidades que estos ofrecen, investigando nuevos procesos de infusión de alto rendimiento y bajo impacto medioambiental, así como analizando las propiedades que ofrecen los materiales resultantes de esta combinación y caracterizándolos técnic, [EN] The current search for high performance materials, both in the field of mechanics and in isolation or resistance to unfavorable environments, has led to the study and development of products with varied compositions that are capable of satisfying all these aspects. Currently, in the market there are already compounds with very remarkable characteristics, however, in many cases the contamination that comes with processing and obtaining these materials is too high. This project has focused on obtaining high performance materials from an environmentally friendly point of view. Raw materials such as natural origin reinforcements or ecological resins have been used to achieve a final product that meets current needs. Specifically, this work has focused on the study and manufacture of sandwich materials. These types of composite materials are based on the combination of cores and external reinforcements, so various structures have been used with the intention of finding a combination of raw materials, according to which, a resulting product with competent characteristics is achieved. The type of core used for this study belongs to the permeable core family. With characteristics of high compressive strength. This type of material allows the infusions to be made through itself, so less tools are needed to make the process and therefore fewer polluting products are generated. In addition, it is composed of polyester, which is recycled with relative ease, can be of BIO origin and even biodegradable. The study has been carried out by analyzing the current materials and the possibilities they offer, investigating new infusion processes of high performance and low environmental impact, as well as analyzing the properties offered by the materials resulting from this combination and characterizing them technically. Thus, each of these steps has been studied comparing the results with other materials and procedures already existing in the market.¿

[ES] La actual búsqueda de materiales de alto rendimiento, tanto en el ámbito de la mecánica como en el de aislamiento o resistencia a ambientes desfavorables, ha llevado al estudio y desarrollo de productos con composiciones variadas que sean capaces de satisfacer todos estos aspectos. Actualmente, en el mercado ya existen compuestos con características muy destacables, sin embargo, en muchos de los casos la contaminación que conlleva el procesado y obtención de estas materias es demasiado elevada. Este proyecto se ha centrado en la obtención de materiales de altas prestaciones desde un punto de vista respetuoso con el medio ambiente. Se han utilizado materias primas como refuerzos de origen natural o resinas ecológicas para conseguir un producto final a la altura de las necesidades actuales. Concretamente, se ha enfocado este trabajo en el estudio y manejo de materiales tipo sándwich. Este tipo de materiales compuestos están basados en la combinación de núcleos y refuerzos exteriores, por lo que se ha llevado a cabo la utilización diversas estructuras con la intención de encontrar una combinación de materias primas, según la cual, se consiga un producto resultante con características competentes. El tipo de núcleo utilizado para este estudio pertenece la familia de núcleos permeables. Con características de alta resistencia a la compresión. Este tipo de material permite realizar las infusiones a través de sí mismo, por lo que son necesarios menos utensilios para realizar el proceso y por lo tanto menos productos contaminantes. Además, está compuesto a base de poliéster, que se recicla con relativa facilidad, puede ser de origen BIO e incluso biodegradable. El estudio se ha abordado analizando los materiales actuales y las posibilidades que estos ofrecen, investigando nuevos procesos de infusión de alto rendimiento y bajo impacto medioambiental, así como analizando las propiedades que ofrecen los materiales resultantes de esta combinación y caracterizándolos técnic, [EN] The current search for high performance materials, both in the field of mechanics and in isolation or resistance to unfavorable environments, has led to the study and development of products with varied compositions that are capable of satisfying all these aspects. Currently, in the market there are already compounds with very remarkable characteristics, however, in many cases the contamination that comes with processing and obtaining these materials is too high. This project has focused on obtaining high performance materials from an environmentally friendly point of view. Raw materials such as natural origin reinforcements or ecological resins have been used to achieve a final product that meets current needs. Specifically, this work has focused on the study and manufacture of sandwich materials. These types of composite materials are based on the combination of cores and external reinforcements, so various structures have been used with the intention of finding a combination of raw materials, according to which, a resulting product with competent characteristics is achieved. The type of core used for this study belongs to the permeable core family. With characteristics of high compressive strength. This type of material allows the infusions to be made through itself, so less tools are needed to make the process and therefore fewer polluting products are generated. In addition, it is composed of polyester, which is recycled with relative ease, can be of BIO origin and even biodegradable. The study has been carried out by analyzing the current materials and the possibilities they offer, investigating new infusion processes of high performance and low environmental impact, as well as analyzing the properties offered by the materials resulting from this combination and characterizing them technically. Thus, each of these steps has been studied comparing the results with other materials and procedures already existing in the market.¿

The study researches the media habits and attitude of the Swedish youths toward the Swedish film industry. By using official sources and literature about the Swedish film industry and media statistics it becomes clear that Swedish film attracts a minority of the Swedish cinema attenders, and that the media habits of the Swedish youths favors foreign movies. It becomes clear that youths have a relatively negative attitude towards Swedish movies, which is seen as dull in comparison to foreign movies.

Tinder is a specific context for interaction. Tinder is an online dating service that differs from the norm in online dating. User expression is limited on Tinder, this emphasises user ́s choices in the creation of profiles. A strong gamification design further emphasises this. This study has examined how users followed or broke Tinder’s norms and design, in the creation of their profiles. 1001 Tinder profiles where examined. The study found that users consciously went against Tinder ́s norms and design, sometimes via the use of Tinder ́s own design solutions. These behaviours sometimes circumvented core aspects of Tinder, and sometimes caused decreased security for users. The study also showed a difference in maleand female users. Male users were almost twice as likely to include their profession then female users. Female users on the other hand were more likely to be younger than their Tinder profiles stated.

This paper analyzes El orden del mundo by Ramiro Sanchiz from the perspective of autofiction. We analyze two elements in the novel: the global idea of the book, and the narrator’s complexity. This analysis, combined with Mainguenau’s bio/graphy concept, allows us to ponder over the deconstruction of the novel and of autobiography by not accepting them as antithetical poles as far as the capacity of representing the authorial I goes. Second, we dialogue with scholars who discuss, from a theoretical perspective, the autofiction concept in El yo fabulado (Casas, 2014). This dialogue yields our suggestion to abandon the perspective that considers autofiction a literary genre or subgenre. We propose a semiotic displacement of the term autofiction towards auto/fiction, in which the slash expresses the opacity, instability and reciprocity that constitute the relationship that comes to be between the authorial I and the text when we deal with writing a manuscript that will fall somewhere within the autobiography-novel interval., Este artículo analiza El orden del mundo de Ramiro Sanchiz desde la perspectiva de la autoficción. Analizamos dos elementos de la novela: la idea del libro total y la complejidad del narrador. Este análisis, aliado al concepto de bio/grafía de Maingueneau, nos permite reflexionar sobre la deconstrucción de novela y autobiografía al no aceptarlas como polos antitéticos en lo que concierne a la representación del yo autoral. También dialogamos con autores que discuten desde una perspectiva teórica el concepto de autoficción en El yo fabulado (Casas, 2014). Ese diálogo nos conduce a sugerir el abandono de la perspectiva que considera la autoficción como género o subgénero literario. Proponemos un desplazamiento semiótico del término autoficción hacia auto/ficción en el cual la barra expresa la opacidad, inestabilidad y reciprocidad constitutivas en la relación que se establece entre el yo autoral y el texto al redactar un manuscrito que recaerá

The study researches the media habits and attitude of the Swedish youths toward the Swedish film industry. By using official sources and literature about the Swedish film industry and media statistics it becomes clear that Swedish film attracts a minority of the Swedish cinema attenders, and that the media habits of the Swedish youths favors foreign movies. It becomes clear that youths have a relatively negative attitude towards Swedish movies, which is seen as dull in comparison to foreign movies.

Kidney development and induction of tubulogenesis have been studied for almost seven decades. The experimental setup of metanephric mesenchyme induction ex vivo allows to control the environment, to perform cellular manipulations, and to learn about renal development. Since the establishment of the ex vivo kidney culture technique in 1953, the method was modified to suit well the progress in biological and medical fields and still today present many advantages over the traditional in vivo studies.

Tinder is a specific context for interaction. Tinder is an online dating service that differs from the norm in online dating. User expression is limited on Tinder, this emphasises user ́s choices in the creation of profiles. A strong gamification design further emphasises this. This study has examined how users followed or broke Tinder’s norms and design, in the creation of their profiles. 1001 Tinder profiles where examined. The study found that users consciously went against Tinder ́s norms and design, sometimes via the use of Tinder ́s own design solutions. These behaviours sometimes circumvented core aspects of Tinder, and sometimes caused decreased security for users. The study also showed a difference in maleand female users. Male users were almost twice as likely to include their profession then female users. Female users on the other hand were more likely to be younger than their Tinder profiles stated.

To meet national and international emission targets, the Swedish building sector needs to drastically reduce its carbon dioxide emissions, and to do so, a change in building techniques and materials is needed. Bio-based materials contribute to less emissions than conventional materials, like steel and concrete, but remain rather unknown to modern building sciences. This study aimed to increase knowledge about these materials, by measuring heat and moisture characteristics according to the Transient Plane Source method, the development of sorption isotherms, and finally simulating the impact of these materials on the hygrothermal attributes of a building envelope, all in comparison to conventional mineral wool. It was found that the biobased materials had a higher thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, but lesser thermal diffusivity than mineral wool. They were also a lot more hygroscopic. Finally, it was concluded that these hygroscopic, biobased insulation materials could be used as an alternative for mineral wool in conventional Swedish building envelope systems, but were subject to mold and rot in more unconventional designs.

This paper analyzes El orden del mundo by Ramiro Sanchiz from the perspective of autofiction. We analyze two elements in the novel: the global idea of the book, and the narrator’s complexity. This analysis, combined with Mainguenau’s bio/graphy concept, allows us to ponder over the deconstruction of the novel and of autobiography by not accepting them as antithetical poles as far as the capacity of representing the authorial I goes. Second, we dialogue with scholars who discuss, from a theoretical perspective, the autofiction concept in El yo fabulado (Casas, 2014). This dialogue yields our suggestion to abandon the perspective that considers autofiction a literary genre or subgenre. We propose a semiotic displacement of the term autofiction towards auto/fiction, in which the slash expresses the opacity, instability and reciprocity that constitute the relationship that comes to be between the authorial I and the text when we deal with writing a manuscript that will fall somewhere within the autobiography-novel interval., Este artículo analiza El orden del mundo de Ramiro Sanchiz desde la perspectiva de la autoficción. Analizamos dos elementos de la novela: la idea del libro total y la complejidad del narrador. Este análisis, aliado al concepto de bio/grafía de Maingueneau, nos permite reflexionar sobre la deconstrucción de novela y autobiografía al no aceptarlas como polos antitéticos en lo que concierne a la representación del yo autoral. También dialogamos con autores que discuten desde una perspectiva teórica el concepto de autoficción en El yo fabulado (Casas, 2014). Ese diálogo nos conduce a sugerir el abandono de la perspectiva que considera la autoficción como género o subgénero literario. Proponemos un desplazamiento semiótico del término autoficción hacia auto/ficción en el cual la barra expresa la opacidad, inestabilidad y reciprocidad constitutivas en la relación que se establece entre el yo autoral y el texto al redactar un manuscrito que recaerá

Sensorische Eigenschaften von Lebensmitteln sind wichtige marktrelevante Faktoren - auch für Bioprodukte. Aufgrund gesetzlicher Regelungen und Vorschriften europäischer Anbau- und Herstellerverbände ergeben sich auch im Hinblick auf die sensorischen Eigenschaften teilweise erhebliche Unterschiede zu konventionellen Produkten.

Sensorische Eigenschaften von Lebensmitteln sind wichtige marktrelevante Faktoren - auch für Bioprodukte. Aufgrund gesetzlicher Regelungen und Vorschriften europäischer Anbau- und Herstellerverbände ergeben sich auch im Hinblick auf die sensorischen Eigenschaften teilweise erhebliche Unterschiede zu konventionellen Produkten.

Organic products and e-commerce are both on-trend. A possibility to combine these two trends are online organic stores (OOS). In the German-speaking part of Switzerland some of this kind of online shops have been founded, but there is a lack of specific scientific literature regarding these shops. Because of that, the present paper tries to localize B2C online organic stores in the market. The theory part of the paper gives an overview of the development of the internet and the history of e-commerce, the constantly changing purchase process and the meaning of online shops in Switzerland. Furthermore, Amazon and Google as big global players will be addressed. To point out how different these shops can be, the front ends of six of these OOS have been compared, focusing on functional specifications and content requirements from the field of User Experience (UX)., Bio und Onlinehandel liegen im Trend. Biofood-Onlineshops greifen diese beiden Trends auf und kombinieren sie. Momentan mangelt es jedoch an spezifischer Fachliteratur unter anderem zu ihrem Aufbau und ihren Erfolgsaussichten. Vor diesem Hintergrund versucht die vorliegende Arbeit, B2C-Biofood-Onlineshops aus der Deutschschweiz im Markt allgemein aber auch in den jeweiligen Teilmärkten Onlinehandel, Food und Biofood zu verorten. Hierfür gibt der Theorieteil der Arbeit einen Überblick über die Entstehung des Internets und die Geschichte des E-Commerce, über die sich laufend verändernden Kaufprozesse und die Bedeutung von Onlineshops in der Schweiz und geht auf die beiden globalen Riesen Google und Amazon ein. Weiter wurden in einer Vergleichstabelle sechs Shops einander gegenübergestellt, mit Fokus auf inhaltliche Anforderungen und funktionale Spezifikationen aus dem Bereich der User Experience (UX) in Bezug auf das Front End.

Ziel und Zweck des EU-Forschungsprojekts Ecropolis ist es, dem Geschmack von Biolebensmitteln mit wissenschaftlichen Methoden auf den Grund zu gehen - so zum Beispiel bei Schweizer Erdbeerjoghurts.

Ferrary Jean-Louis. Allocution à l’occasion du décès de M. Jacques Gernet. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 162e année, N. 1, 2018. pp. 349-351.

Ferrary Jean-Louis. Allocution à l’occasion du décès de M. Michael Screech. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 162e année, N. 2, 2018. pp. 955-957.

Ferrary Jean-Louis. Allocution à l’occasion du décès de M. Robert Turcan. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 162e année, N. 1, 2018. pp. 53-55.

Ferrary Jean-Louis. Allocution à l’occasion du décès de M. Gilbert Lazard. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 162e année, N. 3, 2018. pp. 1213-1216.

Ferrary Jean-Louis. Allocution à l’occasion du décès de Hansjakob Seiler. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 162e année, N. 4, 2018. pp. 1569-1571.

Ferrary Jean-Louis. Allocution à l’occasion du décès de M. Tsung-I Jao. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 162e année, N. 1, 2018. pp. 195-197.

Ziel und Zweck des EU-Forschungsprojekts Ecropolis ist es, dem Geschmack von Biolebensmitteln mit wissenschaftlichen Methoden auf den Grund zu gehen - so zum Beispiel bei Schweizer Erdbeerjoghurts.

Organic products and e-commerce are both on-trend. A possibility to combine these two trends are online organic stores (OOS). In the German-speaking part of Switzerland some of this kind of online shops have been founded, but there is a lack of specific scientific literature regarding these shops. Because of that, the present paper tries to localize B2C online organic stores in the market. The theory part of the paper gives an overview of the development of the internet and the history of e-commerce, the constantly changing purchase process and the meaning of online shops in Switzerland. Furthermore, Amazon and Google as big global players will be addressed. To point out how different these shops can be, the front ends of six of these OOS have been compared, focusing on functional specifications and content requirements from the field of User Experience (UX)., Bio und Onlinehandel liegen im Trend. Biofood-Onlineshops greifen diese beiden Trends auf und kombinieren sie. Momentan mangelt es jedoch an spezifischer Fachliteratur unter anderem zu ihrem Aufbau und ihren Erfolgsaussichten. Vor diesem Hintergrund versucht die vorliegende Arbeit, B2C-Biofood-Onlineshops aus der Deutschschweiz im Markt allgemein aber auch in den jeweiligen Teilmärkten Onlinehandel, Food und Biofood zu verorten. Hierfür gibt der Theorieteil der Arbeit einen Überblick über die Entstehung des Internets und die Geschichte des E-Commerce, über die sich laufend verändernden Kaufprozesse und die Bedeutung von Onlineshops in der Schweiz und geht auf die beiden globalen Riesen Google und Amazon ein. Weiter wurden in einer Vergleichstabelle sechs Shops einander gegenübergestellt, mit Fokus auf inhaltliche Anforderungen und funktionale Spezifikationen aus dem Bereich der User Experience (UX) in Bezug auf das Front End.