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Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of Bacterial Cold Water Disease (BCWD)/ Rainbow Trout Fry Syndrome (RTFS) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The disease is associated with significant mortality in trout farms and thereby responsible for severe economical losses in this part of the aquaculture industry. Vaccination of the very young life cycle stages is not successful due to the immature development of the adaptive immunity in yolksac larvae and early fry. This explains the extensive usage of antibiotics for control of BCWD/RTFS. Selective breeding of RTFS resistant fish may be a solution, and identification of markers associated with natural susceptibility/resistance to the disease may elevate breeding efforts towards more robust strains. We suggest a QTL (SNP Affx-88941461) for partial disease resistance on chromosome 25 (Omy25) based on our experimental F. psychrophilum challenges of outbred fish and subsequent GWAS analyses. The favourable SNP allele was designated Q, whereas q indicated the unfavourable allele. We validated this QTL in two subsequent challenge experiments by F. psychrophilum exposure of QQ, Qq and qq trout. In the first trial we produced trout carrying at least one favourable allele (QQ and Qq) associated with partial resistance by fertilizing trout eggs from non-selected (outbred) females with sperm from homozygous QQ males. In the second trial we also produced homozygous offspring by fertilizing trout eggs from QQ females with sperm from QQ males. The resistance profiles of these groups were then determined in the laboratory by triplicate or duplicate challenge experiments (common garden water bath exposure to F. psychrophilum), which showed a significantly higher survival in trout carrying the favourable allele. Field observations supplemented the laboratory studies. Under farm conditions QQ and Qq trout showed a higher survival rate compared to qq trout. In the present study chromosom

Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of Bacterial Cold Water Disease (BCWD)/ Rainbow Trout Fry Syndrome (RTFS) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The disease is associated with significant mortality in trout farms and thereby responsible for severe economical losses in this part of the aquaculture industry. Vaccination of the very young life cycle stages is not successful due to the immature development of the adaptive immunity in yolksac larvae and early fry. This explains the extensive usage of antibiotics for control of BCWD/RTFS. Selective breeding of RTFS resistant fish may be a solution, and identification of markers associated with natural susceptibility/resistance to the disease may elevate breeding efforts towards more robust strains. We suggest a QTL (SNP Affx-88941461) for partial disease resistance on chromosome 25 (Omy25) based on our experimental F. psychrophilum challenges of outbred fish and subsequent GWAS analyses. The favourable SNP allele was designated Q, whereas q indicated the unfavourable allele. We validated this QTL in two subsequent challenge experiments by F. psychrophilum exposure of QQ, Qq and qq trout. In the first trial we produced trout carrying at least one favourable allele (QQ and Qq) associated with partial resistance by fertilizing trout eggs from non-selected (outbred) females with sperm from homozygous QQ males. In the second trial we also produced homozygous offspring by fertilizing trout eggs from QQ females with sperm from QQ males. The resistance profiles of these groups were then determined in the laboratory by triplicate or duplicate challenge experiments (common garden water bath exposure to F. psychrophilum), which showed a significantly higher survival in trout carrying the favourable allele. Field observations supplemented the laboratory studies. Under farm conditions QQ and Qq trout showed a higher survival rate compared to qq trout. In the present study chromosome 25 (Omy25) QTL was found assoc

Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of Bacterial Cold Water Disease (BCWD)/ Rainbow Trout Fry Syndrome (RTFS) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The disease is associated with significant mortality in trout farms and thereby responsible for severe economical losses in this part of the aquaculture industry. Vaccination of the very young life cycle stages is not successful due to the immature development of the adaptive immunity in yolksac larvae and early fry. This explains the extensive usage of antibiotics for control of BCWD/RTFS. Selective breeding of RTFS resistant fish may be a solution, and identification of markers associated with natural susceptibility/resistance to the disease may elevate breeding efforts towards more robust strains. We suggest a QTL (SNP Affx-88941461) for partial disease resistance on chromosome 25 (Omy25) based on our experimental F. psychrophilum challenges of outbred fish and subsequent GWAS analyses. The favourable SNP allele was designated Q, whereas q indicated the unfavourable allele. We validated this QTL in two subsequent challenge experiments by F. psychrophilum exposure of QQ, Qq and qq trout. In the first trial we produced trout carrying at least one favourable allele (QQ and Qq) associated with partial resistance by fertilizing trout eggs from non-selected (outbred) females with sperm from homozygous QQ males. In the second trial we also produced homozygous offspring by fertilizing trout eggs from QQ females with sperm from QQ males. The resistance profiles of these groups were then determined in the laboratory by triplicate or duplicate challenge experiments (common garden water bath exposure to F. psychrophilum), which showed a significantly higher survival in trout carrying the favourable allele. Field observations supplemented the laboratory studies. Under farm conditions QQ and Qq trout showed a higher survival rate compared to qq trout. In the present study chromosome 25 (Omy25) QTL was found assoc

Quantitative detection of viable Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease, was evaluated by colony blotting and immunostaining. Bacterial colonies isolated from chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta ovarian fluids on a modified Cytophaga agar plate were blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane and immunostained with antiserum against F. psychrophilum. Although the blotted colonies were strongly or weakly stained with the antiserum, blots from colonies of F. psychrophilum were distinguishable from those of other yellowish colonies by digital processing of the colony-blotted membrane photograph with an image-analyzing software. It was also confirmed that 12 strains of F. psychrophilum were all positive by the present method, while the subjected six isolates, which formed yellowish colonies but were not identified as F. psychrophilum by PCR targeting gyrB gene, and other reference six strains, F. branchiophilum, F. limicola, F. granuli, Pseudomonas flavescens, P. fluorescens, Chryseobacterium daecheongense, were all negative. From these results, the present procedure using colony blotting and immunostaining is useful for quantitative detection of viable F. psychrophilum from ovarian fluids and kidneys of chum salmon.