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Background In pulmonary hypertension (PH), both wedge pressure elevation (PAWP) and a precapillary component may affect right ventricular (RV) afterload. These changes may contribute to RV failure and prognosis. We aimed at describing the different haemodynamic phenotypes of patients with PH due to left heart disease (LHD) and at characterizing the impact of pulmonary haemodynamics on RV function and outcome PH-LHD. Methods Patients with PH-LHD were compared with treatment-naïve idiopathic/heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, n = 35). PH-LHD patients were subdivided in Isolated post-capillary PH (IpcPH: diastolic pressure gradient, DPG<7 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance, PVR3 WU, n = 37), Combined post- and pre-capillary PH (CpcPH: DPG7 mmHg and PVR>3 WU, n = 27), and “intermediate” PH-LHD (either DPG <7 mmHg or PVR 3 WU, n = 29). Results Despite similar PAWP and cardiac index, haemodynamic severity and prevalence of RV dysfunction increased from IpcPH, to “intermediate” and CpcPH. PVR and DPG (but not compliance, Ca) were linearly correlated with RV dysfunction. CpcPH had worse prognosis (p<0.05) than IpcPH and PAH, but similar to “intermediate” patients. Only NTproBNP and Ca independently predicted survival in PH-LHD. Conclusions In PH-LHD, haemodynamic characterization according to DPG and PVR provides important information on disease severity, predisposition to RV failure and prognosis. Patients presenting the CpcPH phenotype appear to have haemodynamic profile closer to PAH but with worse prognosis. In PH-LHD, Ca and NTproBNP were independent predictors of survival.

Background In pulmonary hypertension (PH), both wedge pressure elevation (PAWP) and a precapillary component may affect right ventricular (RV) afterload. These changes may contribute to RV failure and prognosis. We aimed at describing the different haemodynamic phenotypes of patients with PH due to left heart disease (LHD) and at characterizing the impact of pulmonary haemodynamics on RV function and outcome PH-LHD. Methods Patients with PH-LHD were compared with treatment-naïve idiopathic/heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, n = 35). PH-LHD patients were subdivided in Isolated post-capillary PH (IpcPH: diastolic pressure gradient, DPG<7 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance, PVR3 WU, n = 37), Combined post- and pre-capillary PH (CpcPH: DPG7 mmHg and PVR>3 WU, n = 27), and “intermediate” PH-LHD (either DPG <7 mmHg or PVR 3 WU, n = 29). Results Despite similar PAWP and cardiac index, haemodynamic severity and prevalence of RV dysfunction increased from IpcPH, to “intermediate” and CpcPH. PVR and DPG (but not compliance, Ca) were linearly correlated with RV dysfunction. CpcPH had worse prognosis (p<0.05) than IpcPH and PAH, but similar to “intermediate” patients. Only NTproBNP and Ca independently predicted survival in PH-LHD. Conclusions In PH-LHD, haemodynamic characterization according to DPG and PVR provides important information on disease severity, predisposition to RV failure and prognosis. Patients presenting the CpcPH phenotype appear to have haemodynamic profile closer to PAH but with worse prognosis. In PH-LHD, Ca and NTproBNP were independent predictors of survival.

The goal of search indicators cognitive, affective and social good teaching practices, research motivate this descriptive and correlational in nature. The three selected variables have been studied with instruments that assess irrational beliefs, assertiveness and the judgment criterion was the school violence. The first two formats that validity and reliability enjoyed by the authors and countless investigations, and the third a specific construction for this research, the same that have been subjected to analysis of statistical consistency, and the content and conceptual extension theoretical systems that sustain., La meta de buscar indicadores cognitivos, afectivos y sociales en las buenas prácticas docentes, motivan la presente investigación de carácter descriptiva y correlacional. Las tres variables seleccionadas han sido estudiadas con instrumentos que evalúan las creencias irracionales, la asertividad y el criterio de juicio hacia los actos de violencia escolar. Los dos primeros con formatos que gozan de validez y confiabilidad realizada por los propios autores e innumerables investigaciones; y el tercero una construcción específica para la presente investigación; los mismos que han sido sometidos al análisis de consistencia estadística, así como del contenido y extensión conceptual de los sistemas teóricos que lo sustentan.

The research is descriptive and comparative aims to disseminate the results of psychological research on mindsets of self-talk, positive and negative, and learning styles of students in San Marcos belonging to each of the five academic field organizing vocational training: Health Sciences, Basic Sciences, Engineering, Business and Humanities. For purposes of the study has used two instruments: (1) self-talk Inventory (Calvete, Esteve, Landin), comprising two subscales: positive and negative¸ both with the technical specifications in order to draw conclusions valid and reliable, so we the original statistics, alpha coefficients of 0.89 for negative self-talk scales and 0.86, 0.79 and 0.87 for the subscales of thoughts related to anxiety, depression and anger, respectively. On the other hand, the alpha coefficients were 0.82 for positive self-Scale and 0.72, 0.76 and 0.55 for the subscales of minimization, positive affect and coping self-talk, respectively, (2) Honey-Alonso Questionnaire Learning Styles (CHAEA) investigating four learning styles: active, reflective, theoretical and pragmatic, with consequent acceptance criteria, 0.84 (theoretical), 0.82 (reflective), 0.78 (pragmatic) and 0.74 (active). The sample consisted of 292 students, distributed as follows: area Health Sciences: 96, area Basic Sciences: 44; area of Engineering: 67 Business area 52 and area Arts and Humanities: 33. For the consistency analysis, correlation and correlation map, the instruments used to demonstrate the relevance enables an approach to the knowledge of how to express the positive and negative self-talk and learning styles in college students, particularly in the research population. However it is noted that the cognitive processes of self-talk and learning styles are independent processes, ie not found a direct association between the two, but each has its specific manifestations in people. The age and gender is associated ma not a specific type of learning style self-talk or differe, La investigación es de carácter descriptivo comparativo y tiene como objetivo dar a conocer los resultados de una investigación psicológica sobre los esquemas de pensamiento de autodiálogo, positivo y negativo y estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de San Marcos pertenecientes a cada una de las cinco áreas académicas que organizan la formación profesional: Ciencias de la Salud, Ciencias Básicas, Ingenierías, Ciencias Empresariales y Humanidades. Para los efectos del estudio se ha empleado dos instrumentos: (1) Inventario de Autodiálogo (Calvete, Estevés, Landin), que comprende dos subescalas: positivo y negativo, ambas con las especificaciones técnicas para poder inferir resultados válidos y confiables; así tenemos los estadísticos originales, los coeficientes alpha del 0.89 para las escalas de autodiálogo negativo y 0.86, 0.79 y 0.87 para las subescalas de pensamientos relacionados con la ansiedad, depresión e ira, respectivamente. De otro lado, los coeficientes alpha fueron 0.82 para la Escala de autodiálogo positivo y 0.72, 0.76 y 0.55 para las subescalas de minimización, afecto positivo y autoinstrucciones de afrontamiento respectivamente; (2) Cuestionario Honey-Alonso de Estilos de Aprendizaje (CHAEA) que investiga cuatro estilos de aprendizaje: activo, reflexivo, teórico y pragmático, con los consiguientes criterios de validez, 0.84 (teórico), 0.82 (reflexivo), 0.78 (pragmático) y 0.74 (activo). La muestra estuvo constituida por 292 estudiantes, distribuidos de la siguiente manera: área de Ciencias de la Salud: 96, área de Ciencias Básicas: 44; área de Ingenierías: 67, área de Ciencias Empresariales: 52 y Área de Letras y Humanidades: 33. Por el análisis de consistencia, correlación y mapa de correspondencias, los instrumentos empleados posibilita demostrar la pertinencia para una aproximación al conocimiento de cómo se expresa el autodiálogo positivo y negativo y los estilos de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios, particularmente en la población in

The role of antibodies in the previously demonstrated harmful effect of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mothers on progeny infection was studied by injecting either serum from chronically infected animals or purified T. cruzi-specific antibodies into uninfected mice during gestation and lactation periods. It was verified that injected antibodies were transferred to offspring. Pregnant or lactating animals exhibited lower circulating antibody levels than nonpregnant or pregnant but nonlactating mice, respectively, suggesting that such antibody transfer occurred in both fetuses and suckling offspring. When infected two months after birth, offspring of mice treated with chronic serum or purified antibodies displayed significantly higher parasitemia than offspring from mothers receiving control serum or immunoglobulins unrelated to T. cruzi. These results indicate that soluble factors contained in sera of infected mice, and particularly antibodies, when transferred from mothers to their young, are able to worsen T. cruzi acquired infection in the offspring., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The role of antibodies in the previously demonstrated harmful effect of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mothers on progeny infection was studied by injecting either serum from chronically infected animals or purified T. cruzi-specific antibodies into uninfected mice during gestation and lactation periods. It was verified that injected antibodies were transferred to offspring. Pregnant or lactating animals exhibited lower circulating antibody levels than nonpregnant or pregnant but nonlactating mice, respectively, suggesting that such antibody transfer occurred in both fetuses and suckling offspring. When infected two months after birth, offspring of mice treated with chronic serum or purified antibodies displayed significantly higher parasitemia than offspring from mothers receiving control serum or immunoglobulins unrelated to T. cruzi. These results indicate that soluble factors contained in sera of infected mice, and particularly antibodies, when transferred from mothers to their young, are able to worsen T. cruzi acquired infection in the offspring., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Since tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is known to be involved in the feto-maternal relationship, this cytokine was studied in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected pregnant BALB/c mice and their fetuses and offspring. Pregnant chronically infected mice displayed significantly higher levels of circulating TNF-alpha than animals either only infected or only pregnant. TNF-alpha was undetectable in sera of uninfected and nonpregnant mice as well as in breast milk obtained from infected and uninfected animals. Fetuses from infected mice exhibited significantly more cells containing TNF-alpha mRNA in their thymus than fetuses from uninfected mothers. When infected 2 months after birth, offspring born to infected and uninfected mothers displayed similar amounts of circulating TNF-alpha during chronic infection, whereas this cytokine was only weakly detectable during the acute phase of the disease. An intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide during acute infection strongly increased the production of TNF-alpha in offspring born to infected mothers to levels higher than those in progeny from uninfected mice. These results suggest that TNF-alpha is an important cytokine in the feto-maternal relationship during T. cruzi infection and that fetuses and offspring of infected mothers are primed to produce elevated levels of TNF-alpha., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Since tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is known to be involved in the feto-maternal relationship, this cytokine was studied in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected pregnant BALB/c mice and their fetuses and offspring. Pregnant chronically infected mice displayed significantly higher levels of circulating TNF-alpha than animals either only infected or only pregnant. TNF-alpha was undetectable in sera of uninfected and nonpregnant mice as well as in breast milk obtained from infected and uninfected animals. Fetuses from infected mice exhibited significantly more cells containing TNF-alpha mRNA in their thymus than fetuses from uninfected mothers. When infected 2 months after birth, offspring born to infected and uninfected mothers displayed similar amounts of circulating TNF-alpha during chronic infection, whereas this cytokine was only weakly detectable during the acute phase of the disease. An intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide during acute infection strongly increased the production of TNF-alpha in offspring born to infected mothers to levels higher than those in progeny from uninfected mice. These results suggest that TNF-alpha is an important cytokine in the feto-maternal relationship during T. cruzi infection and that fetuses and offspring of infected mothers are primed to produce elevated levels of TNF-alpha., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published