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As a special type of multiword expressions, binomials are a frequent phenomenon in many languages. We focus on binomial adverbs that are coordinations of two adverbial constituents. Their syntactic contribution to a sentence is adverbial as well and their semantic contribution is idiomatic. They have many uses, such as to intensify (first and foremost), express tendency (more and more), frequency (over and over [again]), vagueness (more or less), determination (sooner or later) etc. In this work, we describe our approaches to identify binomial adverbs in a large multiparallel corpus. Alongside the well-known measure of reversibility, we also calculate measures of statistical association and look for single-word translation equivalents in other languages. Combining these features facilitates the identification of binomial adverbs.

Irradiated fuel pellets present radial gradient porosity. CeO has been proven as a surrogate material to understand irradiated mixed oxide (MOX) due to its similar structural and mechanical properties. A novel compaction device was developed to produce CeO cylindrical pellets with controlled radial porosity. Three blends of CeO with different binder contents (0.5, 3 and 7.5 vol.% of ethylene-bis-stearamide, EBS) were prepared and used to obtain three different porosities for the core, intermediate and outer rings of pellets, respectively. Different compaction pressures were employed in each region to get the intended porosities. The whole pellet was subjected to a heating rate up to 500 °C to remove the EBS binder. Finally, a pressureless sintering step was performed at 1700 °C for 4 h. A microstructural characterization was performed in the three areas, including grain size and porosity. Mechanical properties like hardness, fracture toughness and tribo-mechanical response, as scratch resistance, were also determined. Pellets fabricated from this device have shown microstructural and mechanical properties with a good correlation to those of irradiated nuclear fuel.

Cerium Oxide, CeO, has been shown as a surrogate material to understand irradiated Mixed Oxide (MOX) based matrix fuel for nuclear power plants due to its similar structure, chemical and mechanical properties. In this work, CeO pellets with controlled porosity have been developed through conventional powder-metallurgy process. Influence of the main processing parameters (binder content, compaction pressure, sintering temperature and sintering time) on porosity and volumetric contraction values has been studied. Microstructure and physical properties of sintered compacts have also been characterized through several techniques. Mechanical properties such as dynamic Young's modulus, hardness and fracture toughness have been determined and connected to powder-metallurgy parameters. Simulation of nuclear fuel after reactor utilization with radial gradient porosity is proposed.

La matriz extracelular es uno de los principales elementos reguladores de la actividad celular. Los diferentes módulos de las macromoléculas que la componen son capaces de desencadenar señales que activan diferentes rutas intracelulares que organizan las funciones vitales de las células. La ingeniería de tejidos se dedica a desarrollar sistemas capaces de imitar, temporalmente, el comportamiento de la matriz extracelular con objeto de promover la regeneración o el reemplazo de tejidos y órganos dañados, actuando como un soporte atractivo para las células que deben adherirse y crecer sobre ella, hasta reemplazarla por tejido sano. En este trabajo se describe el proceso de diseño y producción de un polímero de tipo elastina que se ha funcionalizado con secuencias bioactivas que añaden actividades específicas al andamio o soporte celular que constituye la elastina. Así,algunos dominios elastoméricos se modificaron con el aminoácido lisina para poder entrecruzar las moléculas de polímero y conseguir matrices. También se incluyó la secuencia REDV, presente el dominio CS5 de la fibronectina humana, como motivo de adhesión celular. Por último, el polímero se funcionalizó con secuencias diana de enzimas proteolíticas para mejorar su bioprocesabilidad., Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major component for the regulation of cell activity. The different modules of the proteins which constitute the extracellular matrix macromolecules represent for the cells which enter in contact with them, new signals capable of activating several intracellular signaling pathways, resulting in the modulation of numerous cell functions. Tissue engineering tries to develop new materials based on these components as scaffolds for cells to promote their adhesion and growth. In this work, genetic engineering techniques were used to design and biosynthesize an extracellular matrix analogue based in the elastin component. The structural base of our scaffold is an elastin –derived sequence which confers an adequate mechanical behavior. In addition, several domains were included, for adding new bioactivities to this elastin-like polymer (ELP). Some of these elastic domains were modified to contain lysine for cross linking purposes. The polymer also contained periodically spaced fibronectin CS5 domain enclosing the well known cell attachment sequence REDV. Finally, the polymer had target sequences for proteolitic action., Peer Reviewed, Award-winning

Solventogenic and acidogenic Clostridium has been characterized by biochemical, physiological and molecular techniques. These microorganisms have been classified into four groups but these may not necessarily be the only four exclusive groups; in fact, many of these microorganisms might not belong to any of these selected groups. The main goal was to classify 13 higher solvent- producing Clostridia strains through molecular biology techniques; strains were isolated by our Group. Sequence analysis was calculated by p and the dendogram was constructed by neighbor-joining. The results obtained strongly suggest the idea of a high similarity between the 13 native strains in the study and the fact that they had no relationship to any of the 4 groups established by Keis et al (1995). It was found that Clostridium butyricum strain is the most related specie to the thirteen Colombian strains., Las cepas de Clostridium, productoras de solventes y ácidos, han sido caracterizados empleando una amplia gama de técnicas fisiológicas, bioquímicas y moleculares. Los trabajos más recientes han clasificado estos microorganismos en cuatro grupos y es de esperarse que muchos de los microorganismos anaerobios solventogénicos estén fuera de esta clasificación. El presente trabajo estuvo orientado a caracterizar molecularmente por 16S rARN trece cepas silvestres de Clostridium seleccionadas por su mayor capacidad para producir solventes con respecto a la cepa patrón de Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824. Se hizo la secuenciación parcial del gen 16S rARN, sobre su segmento final (aproximadamente 700 pb). Para anali-zar las secuencias, se calculó p y se construyó el dendograma empleando neighborjoining. Se pudo obser-var que las cepas silvestres no pertenecen a ninguno de los cuatro grupos de Clostridium solventogénicos sino que están cercanamente relacionadas con Clostridium butyricum.

Solventogenic and acidogenic Clostridium has been characterized by biochemical, physiological and molecular techniques. These microorganisms have been classified into four groups but these may not necessarily be the only four exclusive groups; in fact, many of these microorganisms might not belong to any of these selected groups. The main goal was to classify 13 higher solvent- producing Clostridia strains through molecular biology techniques; strains were isolated by our Group. Sequence analysis was calculated by p and the dendogram was constructed by neighbor-joining. The results obtained strongly suggest the idea of a high similarity between the 13 native strains in the study and the fact that they had no relationship to any of the 4 groups established by Keis et al (1995). It was found that Clostridium butyricum strain is the most related specie to the thirteen Colombian strains., Las cepas de Clostridium, productoras de solventes y ácidos, han sido caracterizados empleando una amplia gama de técnicas fisiológicas, bioquímicas y moleculares. Los trabajos más recientes han clasificado estos microorganismos en cuatro grupos y es de esperarse que muchos de los microorganismos anaerobios solventogénicos estén fuera de esta clasificación. El presente trabajo estuvo orientado a caracterizar molecularmente por 16S rARN trece cepas silvestres de Clostridium seleccionadas por su mayor capacidad para producir solventes con respecto a la cepa patrón de Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824. Se hizo la secuenciación parcial del gen 16S rARN, sobre su segmento final (aproximadamente 700 pb). Para anali-zar las secuencias, se calculó p y se construyó el dendograma empleando neighborjoining. Se pudo obser-var que las cepas silvestres no pertenecen a ninguno de los cuatro grupos de Clostridium solventogénicos sino que están cercanamente relacionadas con Clostridium butyricum.

Solventogenic and acidogenic Clostridium has been characterized by biochemical, physiological and molecular techniques. These microorganisms have been classified into four groups but these may not necessarily be the only four exclusive groups; in fact, many of these microorganisms might not belong to any of these selected groups. The main goal was to classify 13 higher solvent- producing Clostridia strains through molecular biology techniques; strains were isolated by our Group. Sequence analysis was calculated by p and the dendogram was constructed by neighbor-joining. The results obtained strongly suggest the idea of a high similarity between the 13 native strains in the study and the fact that they had no relationship to any of the 4 groups established by Keis et al (1995). It was found that Clostridium butyricum strain is the most related specie to the thirteen Colombian strains., Las cepas de Clostridium, productoras de solventes y ácidos, han sido caracterizados empleando una amplia gama de técnicas fisiológicas, bioquímicas y moleculares. Los trabajos más recientes han clasificado estos microorganismos en cuatro grupos y es de esperarse que muchos de los microorganismos anaerobios solventogénicos estén fuera de esta clasificación. El presente trabajo estuvo orientado a caracterizar molecularmente por 16S rARN trece cepas silvestres de Clostridium seleccionadas por su mayor capacidad para producir solventes con respecto a la cepa patrón de Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824. Se hizo la secuenciación parcial del gen 16S rARN, sobre su segmento final (aproximadamente 700 pb). Para anali-zar las secuencias, se calculó p y se construyó el dendograma empleando neighborjoining. Se pudo obser-var que las cepas silvestres no pertenecen a ninguno de los cuatro grupos de Clostridium solventogénicos sino que están cercanamente relacionadas con Clostridium butyricum.

Solventogenic and acidogenic Clostridium has been characterized by biochemical, physiological and molecular techniques. These microorganisms have been classified into four groups but these may not necessarily be the only four exclusive groups; in fact, many of these microorganisms might not belong to any of these selected groups. The main goal was to classify 13 higher solvent- producing Clostridia strains through molecular biology techniques; strains were isolated by our Group. Sequence analysis was calculated by p and the dendogram was constructed by neighbor-joining. The results obtained strongly suggest the idea of a high similarity between the 13 native strains in the study and the fact that they had no relationship to any of the 4 groups established by Keis et al (1995). It was found that Clostridium butyricum strain is the most related specie to the thirteen Colombian strains., Las cepas de Clostridium, productoras de solventes y ácidos, han sido caracterizados empleando una amplia gama de técnicas fisiológicas, bioquímicas y moleculares. Los trabajos más recientes han clasificado estos microorganismos en cuatro grupos y es de esperarse que muchos de los microorganismos anaerobios solventogénicos estén fuera de esta clasificación. El presente trabajo estuvo orientado a caracterizar molecularmente por 16S rARN trece cepas silvestres de Clostridium seleccionadas por su mayor capacidad para producir solventes con respecto a la cepa patrón de Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824. Se hizo la secuenciación parcial del gen 16S rARN, sobre su segmento final (aproximadamente 700 pb). Para anali-zar las secuencias, se calculó p y se construyó el dendograma empleando neighborjoining. Se pudo obser-var que las cepas silvestres no pertenecen a ninguno de los cuatro grupos de Clostridium solventogénicos sino que están cercanamente relacionadas con Clostridium butyricum.

Solventogenic and acidogenic Clostridium has been characterized by biochemical, physiological and molecular techniques. These microorganisms have been classified into four groups but these may not necessarily be the only four exclusive groups; in fact, many of these microorganisms might not belong to any of these selected groups. The main goal was to classify 13 higher solvent- producing Clostridia strains through molecular biology techniques; strains were isolated by our Group. Sequence analysis was calculated by p and the dendogram was constructed by neighbor-joining. The results obtained strongly suggest the idea of a high similarity between the 13 native strains in the study and the fact that they had no relationship to any of the 4 groups established by Keis et al (1995). It was found that Clostridium butyricum strain is the most related specie to the thirteen Colombian strains., Las cepas de Clostridium, productoras de solventes y ácidos, han sido caracterizados empleando una amplia gama de técnicas fisiológicas, bioquímicas y moleculares. Los trabajos más recientes han clasificado estos microorganismos en cuatro grupos y es de esperarse que muchos de los microorganismos anaerobios solventogénicos estén fuera de esta clasificación. El presente trabajo estuvo orientado a caracterizar molecularmente por 16S rARN trece cepas silvestres de Clostridium seleccionadas por su mayor capacidad para producir solventes con respecto a la cepa patrón de Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824. Se hizo la secuenciación parcial del gen 16S rARN, sobre su segmento final (aproximadamente 700 pb). Para anali-zar las secuencias, se calculó p y se construyó el dendograma empleando neighborjoining. Se pudo obser-var que las cepas silvestres no pertenecen a ninguno de los cuatro grupos de Clostridium solventogénicos sino que están cercanamente relacionadas con Clostridium butyricum.

F. Sempere & Compañía trabajan ca. 1845-1928, F. Sempere traballa en Valencia ca. 1869-1910, Antep