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The paper offers a historical-bibliographical discussion of the copies of Bibliotheca Universalis (1545), Pandectae (1548) and Bibliotheca instituta et collecta (1574), by Conrad Gesner (1516-1565), present in two Brazilian heritage libraries: the Library of Saint Benedict’s Monastery of São Paulo (BMSBSP) and the National Library of Brazil (BN), in Rio de Janeiro. The contextualization and characterization of the copies are based on the following theoretical-methodological course: 1) presentation of the Gesnerian bibliographical studies in Brazil; 2) considerations on the presence of the Gesnerian editions in libraries; 3) historical comments on BMSBSP and BN; 4) historical notes and analysis of the copies of Bibliotheca Universalis (1545), Pandectae (1548) and Bibliotheca instituta et collecta (1574) safeguarded in BMSBSP and BN, highlighting their extrinsic and intrinsic aspects from their analytical bibliographical description. The copies of BMSBSP and BN have values that are expressed in two keys: 1) “universal” historical-cultural value, linked to the role of these works in bibliographical studies and in Gesnerian Studies; 2) “local” historical-cultural value, linked to the institutional context, modality and motivations of acquisition, preservation, mediation, use, control, circulation and appropriation of the copies. In the landscape of the two heritage libraries highlighted here, the Gesnerian universality - although it can be reviewed, relativized, and even tensioned in the context of the tropics - constitutes a geographical and conceptual space that includes not only the Old World, but also the New World. Indeed, the Gesnerian bibliographical works trace an intriguing and passionate historical-bibliographical thread between the 16th century polymath and the Bibliography of the Brazilian tropics., O trabalho oferece uma discussão histórico-bibliográfica dos exemplares de Bibliotheca Universalis (1545), Pandectae (1548) e Bibliotheca instituta et collecta (1574), de Conrad Gesner (1516-1565), presentes em duas bibliotecas patrimoniais brasileiras: a Biblioteca do Mosteiro de São Bento de São Paulo (BMSBSP) e a Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil (BN), no Rio de Janeiro. A contextualização e a caracterização dos exemplares são alicerçadas no seguinte percurso teórico-metodológico: 1) apresentação dos estudos bibliográficos gesnerianos no Brasil; 2) considerações sobre a presença de edições gesnerianas em bibliotecas; 3) notas históricas sobre a BMSBSP e a BN; 4) apontamentos históricos e análise dos exemplares de Bibliotheca Universalis (1545), Pandectae (1548) e Bibliotheca instituta et collecta (1574) salvaguardados na BMSBSP e na BN, sobrelevando seus aspectos extrínsecos e intrínsecos a partir de sua descrição bibliográfica analítica. Os exemplares da BMSBSP e da BN possuem valores que se expressam em duas chaves: 1) valor histórico-cultural “universal”, ligado ao papel destas obras nos estudos bibliográficos e nos Estudos Gesnerianos; 2) o valor histórico- -cultural “local”, ligado ao contexto institucional, modalidade e motivações de aquisição, preservação, mediação, uso, controle, circulação e apropriação dos exemplares. Na paisagem das duas bibliotecas patrimoniais aqui evidenciadas, a universalidade gesneriana - embora possa ser revista, relativizada e mesmo tensionada no contexto dos trópicos - constitui um espaço geográfico e conceitual que inclui não apenas o Velho Mundo, mas também o Novo Mundo. Com efeito, as obras bibliográficas gesnerianas traçam um intrigante e apaixonante fio histórico-bibliográfico entre o polímata do Séc. XVI e a Bibliografia dos trópicos brasileiros.

The paper offers a historical-bibliographical discussion of the copies of Bibliotheca Universalis (1545), Pandectae (1548) and Bibliotheca instituta et collecta (1574), by Conrad Gesner (1516-1565), present in two Brazilian heritage libraries: the Library of Saint Benedict’s Monastery of São Paulo (BMSBSP) and the National Library of Brazil (BN), in Rio de Janeiro. The contextualization and characterization of the copies are based on the following theoretical-methodological course: 1) presentation of the Gesnerian bibliographical studies in Brazil; 2) considerations on the presence of the Gesnerian editions in libraries; 3) historical comments on BMSBSP and BN; 4) historical notes and analysis of the copies of Bibliotheca Universalis (1545), Pandectae (1548) and Bibliotheca instituta et collecta (1574) safeguarded in BMSBSP and BN, highlighting their extrinsic and intrinsic aspects from their analytical bibliographical description. The copies of BMSBSP and BN have values that are expressed in two keys: 1) “universal” historical-cultural value, linked to the role of these works in bibliographical studies and in Gesnerian Studies; 2) “local” historical-cultural value, linked to the institutional context, modality and motivations of acquisition, preservation, mediation, use, control, circulation and appropriation of the copies. In the landscape of the two heritage libraries highlighted here, the Gesnerian universality - although it can be reviewed, relativized, and even tensioned in the context of the tropics - constitutes a geographical and conceptual space that includes not only the Old World, but also the New World. Indeed, the Gesnerian bibliographical works trace an intriguing and passionate historical-bibliographical thread between the 16th century polymath and the Bibliography of the Brazilian tropics., O trabalho oferece uma discussão histórico-bibliográfica dos exemplares de Bibliotheca Universalis (1545), Pandectae (1548) e Bibliotheca instituta et collecta (1574), de Conrad Gesner (1516-1565), presentes em duas bibliotecas patrimoniais brasileiras: a Biblioteca do Mosteiro de São Bento de São Paulo (BMSBSP) e a Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil (BN), no Rio de Janeiro. A contextualização e a caracterização dos exemplares são alicerçadas no seguinte percurso teórico-metodológico: 1) apresentação dos estudos bibliográficos gesnerianos no Brasil; 2) considerações sobre a presença de edições gesnerianas em bibliotecas; 3) notas históricas sobre a BMSBSP e a BN; 4) apontamentos históricos e análise dos exemplares de Bibliotheca Universalis (1545), Pandectae (1548) e Bibliotheca instituta et collecta (1574) salvaguardados na BMSBSP e na BN, sobrelevando seus aspectos extrínsecos e intrínsecos a partir de sua descrição bibliográfica analítica. Os exemplares da BMSBSP e da BN possuem valores que se expressam em duas chaves: 1) valor histórico-cultural “universal”, ligado ao papel destas obras nos estudos bibliográficos e nos Estudos Gesnerianos; 2) o valor histórico- -cultural “local”, ligado ao contexto institucional, modalidade e motivações de aquisição, preservação, mediação, uso, controle, circulação e apropriação dos exemplares. Na paisagem das duas bibliotecas patrimoniais aqui evidenciadas, a universalidade gesneriana - embora possa ser revista, relativizada e mesmo tensionada no contexto dos trópicos - constitui um espaço geográfico e conceitual que inclui não apenas o Velho Mundo, mas também o Novo Mundo. Com efeito, as obras bibliográficas gesnerianas traçam um intrigante e apaixonante fio histórico-bibliográfico entre o polímata do Séc. XVI e a Bibliografia dos trópicos brasileiros.

Brazil is facing a growth in the airline industry where all the major airlines are currently hiring pilots, flight attendants, and mechanics. One of the challenges of those airlines is to provide training for all these professionals. Many times they do not have instructors or classrooms available. It is crucial for the airlines to promote faster and better training, to reduce cost, save time and resources to prepare a better professional. In this paper, we are showing the possibility of increasing the cost performance of airline training by providing alternatives to airlines. The idea is to promote synergy between the airlines to optimize and share training between companies. If airlines combine their training, they can have more classrooms, seats, and flexibility together with lower costs and saving time.

Brazil is facing a growth in the airline industry where all the major airlines are currently hiring pilots, flight attendants, and mechanics. One of the challenges of those airlines is to provide training for all these professionals. Many times they do not have instructors or classrooms available. It is crucial for the airlines to promote faster and better training, to reduce cost, save time and resources to prepare a better professional. With this capstone, we want to show the possibility of increasing the cost performance of airline training by providing alternatives to airlines. The idea is to promote synergy between the airlines to optimize and share training between companies. If airlines combine their training, they can have more classrooms, seats, and flexibility together with lower costs and saving time.

1, A Capstone Project Submitted to Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Aviation Management Certificate Program.