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Povećana upotreba biljnih proteina u prehrambenoj industriji postavila je nove ciljeve oplemenjivačkom programu konzumnog suncokreta. Ispitivanje adaptabilnosti novih konzumnih hibrida suncokreta je važan deo programa oplemenjivanja. Petnaest NS konzumnih hibrida suncokreta ispitivano je tri godine na lokaciji Rimski Šančevi, u ogledu postavljenom kao randomizovani blok dizajn sa tri ponavljanja. REML slučajni model je korišćen za procenu efekata hibrida, godina i njihove interakcije, dok je AMMI analiza primenjena za određivanje interakcije genotipa i okruženja. Upoređen je efekat genotipova (G), okruženja (E) i njihove interakcije (GE) s obzirom na njihov doprinos ukupnoj varijansi. Za prinos semena glavni efekat E (49,32%) je bio važniji od GE (38,98%) i G efekata (11,70%), što pokazuje da prinos semena ispitivanih genotipova suncokreta više zavisi od uslova sredine nego od genotipa., The increased use of vegetable proteins in the food industry has imposed new goals on the confectionery sunflower breeding program. Testing the adaptability of new NS confectionery sunflower hybrids is an important part of the breeding program. Fifteen NS confectionery sunflower hybrids were tested over a period of three years in an experiment set up as a randomized block design with three replications at the Rimski Šančevi location. The REML random model was used to evaluate the effects of hybrid, year, and their interaction, while AMMI analysis was applied to determine the interaction between genotype (G) and environment (E). The effect of G, E, and their interaction (GE) was compared with respect to their contribution to the total variance. For seed yield, the main effect of E (49.32%) is more important than the GE effect (38.98%) and G effect (11.70%), which shows that sunflower seed yield, of investigated hybrids, depends more on environmental conditions than on genotype.

The aim of this study was to examine the magnitude of genotype × environment (G × E) interaction for the grain yield and grain oil content in soybean genotypes from the collection of Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje and to identify stable sources for breeding for these traits. Fourteen soybean genotypes from maturity group 00 were tested in the field trials set up over two years, at two locations (Zemun Polje and Pancevo), according to a completely randomized block design. After harvest, the oil content in the grain was measured on a NIRT (near infra-red transmission) analyzer. Interaction G × E for grain yield and oil content was evaluated by the application of AMMI-1 (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction) model. A great portion of the variation (80.91%) of G × E interaction for the grain oil content in soybean genotypes was explained by the first interaction axis of the AMMI-1 model. Eight genotypes were distributed close to the stability line. The most important among them where two cultivars with above the average oil content and high stability, as well as the Agassiz variety, with a maximum average value of this parameter, expressing small interaction with environment. AMMI analysis for grain yield revealed that first interaction axis had explained 55.3% of the variation of G × E interaction for this trait. The largest number of genotypes achieved grain yield similar to the general average, with various interaction effects. The most stable grain yield was noted for Maple Presto variety, while the Olima, Evrika, PI 180507 and Kabott genotypes showed satisfactory stability. Cultivars Korana and Krajina proved to be superior to other genotypes, both in terms of yield and stability, confirming that domestic genotypes had adaptation to local agro-ecological conditions as compared to introduced ones.

Considering that agricultural production needs to be adjusted to global climate changes, it is of particular importance to develop bread wheat germplasm with improved tolerance to abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to identify stable wheat genotypes with increased salinity stress tolerance. The experiment was conducted with 27 wheat genotypes, at two localities: Kumane (solonetz soil type) and Rimski Šančevi (chernozem soil type) during two growing seasons. A significant influence of genotype and environment, as well as G × E interaction, on the phenotypic expression of yield components was found. The factor of genotype had the largest effect on the variation in plant height (38.7%) and the smallest effect on the variation in the number of grains per spike (8.24%). The greatest influence of the environment (64.7%) and G × E interaction (17.44%) was found in the variation in the number of grains per spike. Salinity conditions contributed the most to the decrease in the number of grains per spike (30%), which is considered the best indicator of the impact of stress on the plant. The smallest decrease in the number of grains per spike was recorded in the genotypes Šumadija (16.0%) and Harmonija (18.8%). However, AMMI and PCA analyses showed that the genotype Harmonija is characterized by a higher value of the number of grains per spike and greater stability. The genotypes Renesansa, Jugoslavija, Bankut 1205, and Harmonija were characterized by the smallest reduction in plant height under salinity conditions, among which Jugoslavija and Renesansa exhibited high stability and lower trait values. The smallest reduction in spike length was found in the genotypes Jugoslavija and Šumadija, which exhibited the specific adaptability to salinity stress. In terms of salinity tolerance, the genotypes Šumadija, Harmonija, and Renesansa are considered valuable genetic resources in breeding programs.

Genetic potential of rapeseed for reaching high seed and oil yield can be jeopardized by multiple environmental factors that shape rapeseed performance and stability at different growing sites. A combination of high temperatures and drought during sowing make the germination and initial plant growth critical phases for successful rapeseed production in Serbia. Thousand seed weight is related to seed size, which affects seeding rate as well as speed of germination and emergence and is important to achieve high yield potential. The goal of this study was to study changes in thousand seed weight of rapeseed in response to different environments. Furthermore, we sought to determine genotypes that had high and stable thousand seed weight values. Additional goal was to implement additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) to partition genotype × environment interactions.

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that limit the productivity of crops, including wheat, in many regions of the world. Therefore, the priority in wheat breeding, to ensure global food security, is developing varieties that are adapted to saline environments. In situ, evaluation of wheat genotypes can provide valuable information on the performance of different genotypes under natural saline conditions and can help to identify the most salt-tolerant genotypes. To ensure an accurate evaluation of the performance of twenty-seven wheat genotypes under different environments, the trial was conducted on two different soil types (solonetz and chernozem) in two growing seasons. AMMI analysis shows that the environmental factor had the largest share (55.15%) in the variation of grain yield, where soil type had a dominant effect. Genotypes Renesansa, Harmonija, and Bankut 1205 achieved a high grain yield on both soil types. However, among the mentioned genotypes, the genotype Harmonija showed the highest tolerance to salinity. A significant proportion of the genotype and environment interaction (GEI; 25.89%) shows that there is a change in the ranking of genotypes across environments. According to the AMMI1 biplot, the genotypes Renesansa and Harmonija were distinguished by high grain yield and high stability. The environment Chernozem 2015/2016 had the greatest contribution to the GEI and the highest grain yield, while Solonetz 2017/2018 was characterized by the highest stability and the lowest grain yield. According to the AMMI2 biplot, genotype Harmonija achieved high stability in unfavourable environmental conditions that characterized the environment Solonetz 2017/2018., Zaslanjenost spada u najvažnije faktore abiotičkog stresa koji ograničavaju produktivnost useva, uključujući pšenicu, u mnogim regionima sveta. Stoga je razvoj sorti pšenice koje su prilagođene uslovima zaslanjenosti prioritet za globalnu sigurnost hrane. Procena genotipova u realnim uslovima – in situ može pružiti odgovarajuće informacije o performansama različitih genotipova u realnim uslovima i pomoći u identifikaciji tolerantnih genotipova na salinitet. Da bi se obezbedila tačna procena, dvadeset sedam genotipova pšenice ispitivano je u različitim agroekološkim sredinama. Ogled je zasnovan na dva različita tipa zemljišta (solonjec i černozem) tokom dve vegetacione sezone. AMMI analiza pokazuje da je faktor spoljašnje sredine imao najveće učešće (55,15%) u varijaciji prinosa zrna, gde je dominantan uticaj imao tip zemljišta. Genotipovi Renesansa, Harmonija i Bankut 1205, ostvarili su visok prinos zrna na oba tipa zemljišta. Među navedenim genotipovima najveću toleranciju na salinitet ispoljio je genotip Harmonija. Značajan udeo interakcije genotipa i sredine (GEI; 25,89%) u ukupnom variranju pokazuje da postoji promena u rangiranju genotipova u različitim sredinama. Prema AMMI1 biplotu, genotipovi Renesansa i Harmonija su se odlikovali visokim prinosom zrna i visokom stabilnošću. U agroekološkoj sredini Černozem 2015/2016, koja je imala najveći doprinos interakciji, postignut je najveći prinos zrna, dok je u agroekološkoj sredini Solonjec 2017/2018 ostvarena najveća stabilnost, ali i najniži prinos zrna. Prema AMMI2 biplotu, genotip Harmonija je postigao visoku stabilnost u nepovoljnim uslovima sredine Solonjec 2017/2018.

Considering that agricultural production needs to be adjusted to global climate changes, it is of particular importance to develop bread wheat germplasm with improved tolerance to abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, the aim of this research was to identify stable wheat genotypes with increased salinity stress tolerance. The experiment was conducted with 27 wheat genotypes, at two localities: Kumane (solonetz soil type) and Rimski Šančevi (chernozem soil type) during two growing seasons. A significant influence of genotype and environment, as well as G × E interaction, on the phenotypic expression of yield components was found. The factor of genotype had the largest effect on the variation in plant height (38.7%) and the smallest effect on the variation in the number of grains per spike (8.24%). The greatest influence of the environment (64.7%) and G × E interaction (17.44%) was found in the variation in the number of grains per spike. Salinity conditions contributed the most to the decrease in the number of grains per spike (30%), which is considered the best indicator of the impact of stress on the plant. The smallest decrease in the number of grains per spike was recorded in the genotypes Šumadija (16.0%) and Harmonija (18.8%). However, AMMI and PCA analyses showed that the genotype Harmonija is characterized by a higher value of the number of grains per spike and greater stability. The genotypes Renesansa, Jugoslavija, Bankut 1205, and Harmonija were characterized by the smallest reduction in plant height under salinity conditions, among which Jugoslavija and Renesansa exhibited high stability and lower trait values. The smallest reduction in spike length was found in the genotypes Jugoslavija and Šumadija, which exhibited the specific adaptability to salinity stress. In terms of salinity tolerance, the genotypes Šumadija, Harmonija, and Renesansa are considered valuable genetic resources in breeding programs.

In order to identify stable short duration rice genotypes across different agro-climatic zones in Telangana state, Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Models (AMMI) and GGE Bi-plot analyses was performed. Analysis of variance clearly revealed that genotypes contributed highest (34.57 %) followed by environments (32.31 %) and genotype environment interaction (17.10 %) in total sum of squares indicating very greater role played by genotypes, environments and their interactions in realizing final grain yield. AMMI analysis revealed that rice genotypes viz., KNM 2305 (G12), KNM 2307 (G16) and JGL 20776 (G9) were recorded higher mean grain yield with positive interactive principal component analysis 1 (IPCA1) scores whereas, KNM 2307 (G16) and RNR 23595 (G5) were plotted near to zero IPCA1 axis indicating relatively more stable performance across locations. However, the GGE Bi-plot genotype view depicts that the genotypes viz., RDR 1188 (G6) and KNM 2305 (G12) were known as highly unsteady across locations. Among environments, Rudrur (E4), Kunaram (E2) and Rajendranagar (E5) locations were identified as relatively ideal to realize good yields whereas Jagtial (E1), Kampasagar (E3) and Warangal (E6) locations were poor and most discriminating. Among the six locations, the performance of genotypes was relatively similar in Kunaram (E2), Kampasagar (E3) and Rudrur (E4), Warangal (E6) though they belong to different agro-climatic zones of Telangana state, whereas Jagtial (E1) location seems to be little divergent. Further, KNM 2305 (G12) and US 314 (G17) were performed better at Jagtial (E1) and Rajendranagar (E5) while MTU 1010 (G8) was found to have good performance in Rudrur (E4) and Warangal (E6) locations. The results conclude that KNM 2305 was high yielder but found to be unstable across locations whereas KNM 2307 (G16) and KPS 6251 (G15) were identified as good with reasonably higher grain yield and stable performance over locations.

Increasing production requires the development of high yielding cultivars adapted to various environments. Multi-environment trials (MET) remains the best approach to assess the performance of accessions across environments. The objective of this study was to select the best performing and stable accessions of sesame across different environments in Benin Republic. Nineteen sesame accessions were evaluated across eight environments using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The accessions were evaluated for three traits: days to 50% flowering (D50F), thousand-seed weight (TSW), and seed yield (SY) during 2020 growing season. The stable and top-performing accessions across environments were determined using AMMI (Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction), GGE (Genotype main effect and genotype × environment interaction), and MTSI (Multi-trait stability index). AMMI analysis of variance showed a significant difference across environments for the three traits. The accessions were affected by environmental conditions for the three traits. The broad-sense heritability estimates were high (>0.60) for all the traits, indicating the improvement is achievable through selection. AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots identified G10 and G13 as high seed yielding accessions adapted to environments E1, E2. The GGE biplot showed two mega-environments for TSW and three mega-environments for D50F and SY. For SY, G11 and G13 were the best accessions in the first mega-environment, G10 the best accession in the second mega-environment; G3 and G8 were the best accessions in the third mega-environment. AMMI and GGE analyses identified G10, G5, G12 as high seed yielding and stable accessions across environments. GGE biplot revealed that E1 and E2 were the most suitable environments for multi-location trials based on their discriminating ability and representativeness. MTSI indicated G10, G13, G19 as promising germplasm to be recommended for breeding program.

High seed protein content and low oil content are the most important criteria when introducing high protein confectionary hybrids into the production. Testing new hybrids and detection of hybrids that maintain stability of the tested traits under different agro-ecological conditions is an important part of breeding programs. In order to evaluate the stability of seed oil and protein content in NS confectionery sunflower hybrids under different environmental conditions, fifteen confectionery sunflower hybrids developed at IFVCNS were examined during 2015, 2016 and 2017, in a trial set up as a randomized block design with three repetitions at the location of Rimski Šančevi. The REML random model was used for evaluation of the effects of hybrids, years and their interaction, while the AMMI multivariational analysis was applied to determine genotype (hybrid) x environment (year) interaction. The effect of genotypes (G), environments (E), and their interaction (GE) was compared considering their contribution to the total variance. In terms of seed oil content, the effect of G (70.63 %) played a more important role than the effects of E (19.36%) and GE (10%).

U radu je analizirana stabilnost prinosa 14 genotipova ozime hlebne pšenice. Eksperimentalni deo ogleda izveden je tokom 2013/2014. godine na tri lokaliteta (Kragujevac, Kruševac i Sombor). Analiza varijanse AMMI modelom za prinos zrna pokazala je da su svi izvori varijacije (genotip, spoljna sredina, njihova interakcija) značajno uticali na ekspresiju ove kompleksne osobine. U ukupnoj varijaciji ogleda, najveće učešće imala je interakcija genotip/sredina, a najmanje genotip. Izdvojeni su stabilni genotipovi pšenice, adaptirani na nepovoljne uslove spoljašnje sredine, koji mogu poslužiti kao roditelji za ukrštanja u budućim oplemenjivačkim programima., In these investigations, the yield stability of 14 winter bread wheat genotypes were analyzed. The experimental part of the trial was performed at three locations (Kragujevac, Kruševac and Sombor) during 2013/2014. AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield showed that all sources of variation (genotype, environment, their interaction) had a significant effect on the expression of this complex trait. In the total variation of the experiment, the largest contribution had genotype/enviroment interaction, and genotype had the least. The most stable genotypes have been identified, which can be considered as a desirable genotypes, widely adapted to different agroecological conditions.

Stability of grain yield, 1000 kernel weight and sedimentation value were analyzed in 10 winter wheat cultivars (Perfekta, Toplica, KG-52/3, Merkur, Vizeljka, Talas, NS 40S, Zvezdana, Javorka and Pobeda), created in different breeding institutions in Serbia. The experiment was carried out during 2019/2020 in two localities: Centre for Small Grains in Kragujevac and Institute for Forage Crops in Kruševac, Serbia. The analyses of variance showed highly significant differences in grain yield, between genotypes, investigated localities, as well as their interaction. The influence of the locality did not show statistical significance on the expression of 1000 kernel weight and sedimentation value. The highest average values were recorded by Perfekta for grain yield, Zvezdana for 1000 kernel weight and KG-52/3 for sedimentation value at both localities. The AMMI model was used for analysis of genotype × environment interaction. The most stabile cultivars were Vizeljka, NS 40S and Perfekta with values above the average for grain yield. Cultivars Talas, KG-52/3 and Javorka showed the highest stability for the 1000 kernel weight. Cultivar Javorka had the highest, while Talas and KG-52/3 had the lowest average values for this trait. Vizeljka and KG-52/3 were the most stable genotypes for sedimentation value, with KG-52/3 achieving the highest values of the observed trait at the level of the entire experiment. Both analyzed locations had high interaction value for all three analyzed traits.

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is one of the oldest oilseed crops in Europe. Over the last twenty years, it has reemerged as a very promising alternative oilseed crop. Camelina has broad environmental adaptability, a wide range of resistances to pests and diseases, low-input requirements, and multiple industrial and feed applications exist for its seed oil and meal. In a multi-environment study conducted in Serbia, seven yield-related traits, including plant height (PH), height to the first branch (HFB), number of lateral branches (NLB), number of seed capsules per plant (NSCP), number of seeds per plant (NSP), mass of seeds per plant (MSP), and the total percentage of oil in the seed (TPOS), were analyzed in 20 spring camelina accessions. The combination of two years, two locations, and two sowing dates (autumn and spring) resulted in eight different environments across which the performance of the accessions was evaluated. The aims of the study were (a) to provide a phenotypic characterization and performance evaluation of the camelina accessions, (b) to identify correlations between the selected traits, and (c) to determine the effect of environmental factors on the traits. Environments contributed to the largest proportion in the total variance, explaining approximately 90% of the variance for all traits, except for NLB (70.96%) and TPOS (42.56%). The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) showed that the weather conditions, and seeding dates were the most influential environmental factor. Location had a minor to moderate effect on the investigated traits. Lines CK3X-7 and Maksimir had the highest seed yields, and CK2X–9 and CJ11X–43 had the highest seed oil contents. All four lines had good adaptability and yield stability, making them the most suitable candidates for cultivation in the environmental conditions of Serbia in southeastern Europe. The present results reveal a potential for developing higher-yielding camelina cultivars with

The less productive soils present one of the major problems in wheat production. Because of unfavorable conditions, halomorphic soils could be intensively utilized using ameliorative measures and by selecting suitable stress tolerant wheat genotypes. This study examined the responses of ten winter wheat cultivars on stressful conditions of halomorphic soil, solonetz type in Banat, Serbia. The wheat genotypes were grown in field trails of control and treatments with two soil amelioration levels using phosphor gypsum, in amounts of 25 and 50 tha(-1). Across two vegetation seasons, phenotypic variability and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) for yield traits of wheat were studied. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models were used to study the GEI. AMMI analyses revealed significant genotype and environmental effects, as well as GEI effect. Analysis of GEI using the IPCA (Interaction Principal Components) analysis showed a statistical significance of the first two main components, IPCA1 and IPCA2 for yield, which jointly explained 70% of GEI variation. First source of variation IPCA1 explained 41.15% of the GEI for the grain weight per plant and 78.54% for the harvest index. The results revealed that wheat genotypes responded differently to stressful conditions and ameliorative measures.

Different seed priming treatments are widely used in order to improve the nutritional status of wheat, as well as to improve its grain yield and yield- related traits. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of seed priming with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the yield related traits, such as, field emergence, plant height, spike length and grain yield per plant of four winter wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) during two vegetation seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The seeds of each wheat genotypes were primed with different concentrations of ZnO NPs (0 mg L-1, 10 mg L-1, 100 mg L-1 and 1000 mg L-1) for 48 h in a dark box by continuous aeration and were sown in soil pots with 60-70% moisture content until full maturity. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models were used to study the genotype environment effects. The results indicated that the plants response to ZnO nanoparticles significantly increased all of the observed traits of the wheat, while its maximum rates reduced the traits of the wheat. The AMMI analysis revealed the very complex nature of the variation observed in the trial and showed the significant effect of the GxE interaction, in which the first main component was significant for all components.

Legume genotype (GL) x rhizobium genotype (GR) interaction in chickpea was studied using a genetically diverse set of accessions and rhizobium strains in modified Leonard Jars. A subset of effective GL x GR combinations was subsequently evaluated in a pot experiment to identify combinations of chickpea genotypes and rhizobium strains with stable and superior symbiotic performance. A linear mixed model was employed to analyse the occurrence of GL x GR interaction and an additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was used to study patterns in the performance of genotype-strain combinations. We found statistically significant interaction in jars in terms of symbiotic effectiveness that was entirely due to the inclusion of one of the genotypes, ICC6263. No interaction was found in a subsequent pot experiment. The presence of two genetic groups (Kabuli and Desi genepools) did not affect interaction with Mesorhizobium strains. With the exception of a negative interaction with genotype ICC6263 in the jar experiment, the type strain Mesorhizobium ciceri LMG 14989 outperformed or equalled other strains on all chickpea genotypes in both jar and pot experiments. Similar to earlier reports in common bean, our results suggest that efforts to find more effective strains may be more rewarding than aiming for identification of superior combinations of strains and genotypes.

Introduction. The species of the Lolium genus represent an important component in the bovine feeding in several regions of Colombia, however, in the high tropic of Nariño, one of the main dairy basins of the country, there is little knowledge about the performance of the cultivars managed by the producers; there are no stability studies that allow us to know which of the cultivars offered in the market behave better in a specific location, which affects the farmers’ economy. Objective. The objective of this research was to determine the phenotypic stability of the yield of green forage (RFV) and dry matter (RMS) in ryegrass, in the dairy basin of the high tropic of Nariño. Materials and methods. Between 2016 and 2017, ten ryegrass genotypes were evaluated in Pasto, Cumbal, and Sapuyes. The experiments were established under a randomized complete block design with four repetitions. For the analysis of adaptability and stability of RFV and RMS, the model proposed by Eberhart and Russell, and the analysis of principal additives effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) were used. Results. The Tetralite II, Bóxer, Bestfor Plus, and Aubade genotypes had the highest green forage yields (7.52-8.34 t.ha.cut-1) and dry matter (1.29-1.37 t.ha.cut-1) in the three environments studied. With the Eberhart and Russell model, for RFV, these genotypes were classified as the best response in favorable and predictable environments, and by RMS they were also predictable, but Aubade and Bestfor Plus were classified with good response in all environments, and Bóxer and Tetralite II, with better response only in favorable environments. Conclusion. The AMMI model allowed to identify the Pasto municipality as the most favorable environment, and the Bóxer and Tetralite II genotypes as those with the best performing in this environment., Introducción. Las especies del género Lolium representan un componente importante en la alimentación bovina en varias regiones de Colombia, sin embargo, en el trópico alto de Nariño, una de las principales cuencas lecheras del país, existe poco conocimiento sobre el comportamiento de los cultivares que manejan los productores; no existen estudios de estabilidad que permitan conocer cuáles de los cultivares que se ofrecen en el mercado se comportan mejor en una determinada localidad, lo cual afecta la economía de los ganaderos. Objetivo. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la estabilidad fenotípica del rendimiento del forraje verde (RFV) y de la materia seca (RMS) en raigrás, en la cuenca lechera del trópico alto de Nariño. Materiales y métodos. Entre el 2016 y 2017, se evaluaron diez genotipos en Pasto, Cumbal y Sapuyes. Los experimentos se establecieron bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Para el análisis de adaptabilidad y estabilidad de RFV y RMS se utilizaron el modelo propuesto por Eberhart y Russell, y el de análisis de efectos principales aditivos e interacciones multiplicativas (AMMI). Resultados. Los genotipos Tetralite II, Bóxer, Bestfor Plus y Aubade presentaron los mayores rendimientos de forraje verde (7,52-8,34 t.ha.corte-1) y de materia seca (1,29-1,37 t.ha.corte-1) en los tres ambientes estudiados. Con el modelo Eberhart y Russell, para RFV, estos genotipos fueron clasificados como de mejor respuesta en ambientes favorables y predecibles, y por RMS también fueron predecibles, pero Aubade y Bestfor Plus se clasificaron con buena respuesta en todos los ambientes y Bóxer y Tetralite II, con mejor respuesta solo en ambientes favorables. Conclusión. El modelo AMMI permitió identificar al municipio Pasto como el ambiente más favorable y a los genotipos Bóxer y Tetralite II como los de mejor comportamiento en este ambiente.

Introduction. The species of the Lolium genus represent an important component in the bovine feeding in several regions of Colombia, however, in the high tropic of Nariño, one of the main dairy basins of the country, there is little knowledge about the performance of the cultivars managed by the producers; there are no stability studies that allow us to know which of the cultivars offered in the market behave better in a specific location, which affects the farmers’ economy. Objective. The objective of this research was to determine the phenotypic stability of the yield of green forage (RFV) and dry matter (RMS) in ryegrass, in the dairy basin of the high tropic of Nariño. Materials and methods. Between 2016 and 2017, ten ryegrass genotypes were evaluated in Pasto, Cumbal, and Sapuyes. The experiments were established under a randomized complete block design with four repetitions. For the analysis of adaptability and stability of RFV and RMS, the model proposed by Eberhart and Russell, and the analysis of principal additives effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) were used. Results. The Tetralite II, Bóxer, Bestfor Plus, and Aubade genotypes had the highest green forage yields (7.52-8.34 t.ha.cut-1) and dry matter (1.29-1.37 t.ha.cut-1) in the three environments studied. With the Eberhart and Russell model, for RFV, these genotypes were classified as the best response in favorable and predictable environments, and by RMS they were also predictable, but Aubade and Bestfor Plus were classified with good response in all environments, and Bóxer and Tetralite II, with better response only in favorable environments. Conclusion. The AMMI model allowed to identify the Pasto municipality as the most favorable environment, and the Bóxer and Tetralite II genotypes as those with the best performing in this environment., Introducción. Las especies del género Lolium representan un componente importante en la alimentación bovina en varias regiones de Colombia, sin embargo, en el trópico alto de Nariño, una de las principales cuencas lecheras del país, existe poco conocimiento sobre el comportamiento de los cultivares que manejan los productores; no existen estudios de estabilidad que permitan conocer cuáles de los cultivares que se ofrecen en el mercado se comportan mejor en una determinada localidad, lo cual afecta la economía de los ganaderos. Objetivo. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la estabilidad fenotípica del rendimiento del forraje verde (RFV) y de la materia seca (RMS) en raigrás, en la cuenca lechera del trópico alto de Nariño. Materiales y métodos. Entre el 2016 y 2017, se evaluaron diez genotipos en Pasto, Cumbal y Sapuyes. Los experimentos se establecieron bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Para el análisis de adaptabilidad y estabilidad de RFV y RMS se utilizaron el modelo propuesto por Eberhart y Russell, y el de análisis de efectos principales aditivos e interacciones multiplicativas (AMMI). Resultados. Los genotipos Tetralite II, Bóxer, Bestfor Plus y Aubade presentaron los mayores rendimientos de forraje verde (7,52-8,34 t.ha.corte-1) y de materia seca (1,29-1,37 t.ha.corte-1) en los tres ambientes estudiados. Con el modelo Eberhart y Russell, para RFV, estos genotipos fueron clasificados como de mejor respuesta en ambientes favorables y predecibles, y por RMS también fueron predecibles, pero Aubade y Bestfor Plus se clasificaron con buena respuesta en todos los ambientes y Bóxer y Tetralite II, con mejor respuesta solo en ambientes favorables. Conclusión. El modelo AMMI permitió identificar al municipio Pasto como el ambiente más favorable y a los genotipos Bóxer y Tetralite II como los de mejor comportamiento en este ambiente.

Intercropping, as ecologically designed agricultural system, could help in agriculture advancement for many crops. The aim of research was to evaluate the effects of legume-sunflower intercropping and their interaction on the sunflower seed yield during 2017 and 2018 vegetation seasons. A field experiment was set up by intercropping three sunflower hybrids (Dukat, Rimi PR, and NS Gricko) with three types of legumes (Vicia sativa L., Medicago sativa L., and Trifolium pratense L.), whereas sole crops of sunflower were used as control. The Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis (AMMI) was used to test the main effects and interaction of intercrops. Year × crop combinations were examined as 8 environments. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests of seed yield in 8 environments indicated highly significant effects of genotype, environment and their interaction, with the following share: genotype 61.78%, environment 27.69%, and interaction 10.53%. Mean seed yield of the hybrids varied from 3 t/ha (Dukat), 3.5 t/h (Rimi PR), to 4.4 t/ha (NS Gricko). Knowing that hybrid Dukat, which had the smallest seed yield, is a short vegetation hybrid, while NS Gricko, which had the highest seed yield, is a confectionary hybrid, the results were expected.

The permanent need for efficient plant breeding comes from the increment of human population, which is projected to reach 9.7 million by 2050. Novel approaches could be used to reach these goals more rapidly, raising the question of efficiency, as well. Spike length is one of the important components of grain yield formation in wheat. The influence of individual plan traits is getting more important to grain yield formation per area unit in stressful growing conditions, which are increasingly present due to global climate changes. The objectives of the present research were three-fold: (i) to determine the influence of a genotype, environment and their interaction on spike length and to evaluate stability of the trait; (ii) to present cause-causing links on a graphical example; (iii) to transform a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components. Samples were obtained from 96 winter wheat cultivars grown in 2011/12 and 2012/13 on two locations. The wheat genotype population was profiled with 28 microsatellites. The ANOVA of the total phenotypic variation of the experiment shows that genotypes took the largest portion, followed by the influence of the GE interaction. Additional analysis of the GE interaction using the PCA analysis shows a statistical significance of the first two main components. In the conducted research, the dispersion of the points represents two subpopulations, but the geographical origin could not explain the grouping of genotypes within the same, so the division into two groups was done on the basis of their lines of descent.

Ова дисертација представља студију о утицају генотипа, средине и њихове узајамне интеракције на агрономске и технолошке особине корена различитих хибрида шећерне репе гајених у Републици Србији. Биљни материјал се састојао од два домаћа хибрида шећерне репе, створена у Институту за ратарство и повртарство у Новом Саду и шест хибрида из различитих страних семенских кућа. Утицај средине представљен је кроз различите третмане ђубрења са азотом, фосфором и калијумом. Пољски део огледа се одвијао на локалитету Римски Шанчеви током две узастоне године и постављен је по плану подељених парцелица у три понављања. Узорци корена су узимани из средњих редова свих парцелица и потом анализирани на следеће особине: принос корена, садржај шећера, садржај штетног калијума, садржај штетног натријума, садржај алфа амино азота, искоришћење шећера и принос кристалног шећера. На основу резултата Анализе варијансе утврђен је значајан утицај генотипа, средина и интеракције два наведена фактора на све испитиване особине. На варијабилност већине анализираних особина у првој години испитивања највећи утицај је имала средина односно третмани минералне исхране док је у другој години утицај генотипа био већи. Резултати АММI анализе сугеришу да су генотипови G3 и G4 били најприноснији, али се њихова стабилност разликовала током сезона гајења. Генотип G5 је имао највећи садржај шећера у свим срединама. Средине са већим дозама фосфора и калијума и редукованим количинама азота (или без азота) су имале највећи садржај шећера код свих тестираних хибрида. Исте средине су показале најбоље резултате за искоришћење шећера и највећу стабилност у обе године испитивања. Према резултатима корелационих коефицијената и на основу биплот графика утврђено је да се веза између проучаваних особина мењала током различитих сезона гајења. Резултати су указали да примена мултиваријационих метода попут AMMI омогућава додатну анализу интеракције генотипа и средине што је битно за даље унапређење селекције и давање правил, The thesis represents a study about the effect of genotype, environment and their interaction on the agronomic and technological root characteristics of different sugar beet hybrids grown in the Republic of Serbia. Plant material consisted of two hybrids developed at Institute of field and vegetable crops, Novi Sad and six hybrids developed by different foreign seed companies. The environmental factor was presented through different fertilization treatments of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Field experiment took place on the location of Rimski Šančevi during two consecutive years and was arranged in the split plot design with three replications. Root samples from middle rows od each plot were taken and analyzed for the following traits: root yield, sugar content, levels of harmful potassium, harmful sodium and alpha amino nitrogen, recoverable sugar and white sugar yield. Analysis of variance determined that genotype, environment and their interaction had significant effect on all examined traits. During the first year of experiment, environmental factor had the greatest impact on the variability of majority of characteristics while in second year the genotype had the strongest effect. Results of the AMMI analysis suggest that the hybrids G3 and G4 had the highest yields, but their stability varied during the growing season. Hybrid G5 had the highest average sugar content in all environments. Environments with high levels of phosphorus and potassium and with reduced amounts of nitrogen (or no nitrogen) induced the highest levels of sugar content in all tested hybrids. The same environments showed the best results for recoverable sugar and the highest level of stability in both years of testing. According to the results of correlation coefficients and the biplot graphics, relationships between studied properties varied in different growing seasons. The results sugest that the use of multivariate statistical methods such as AMMI allows additional analysis of geno

Purpose and objectives of the research. Comparative estimation for yield and stability of winter barley varieties developed at the V.M. Remeslo Institute of Wheat of NAAS and included to the State Register of Ukraine during 1987–2017.Materials and methods. The research was carried out at the the V.M. Remeslo Institute of Wheat of NAAS in 2012/13–2016/17. Object of the research – 15 Myronivka winter barley varieties registered in Ukraine during 1987–2017. To characterize the interaction of genotype–environment and differentiation of varieties for yield and stability, a number of the most used methods were applied: S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russel (1966); G. Wricke (1962); C.S. Lin, M.R. Binns (1988); M. Huehn (1990); A.V. Kilchevskiy, L.V. Khotyleva (1985); V.V. Khangildin, N.A. Litvinenko (1981); J.L. Purchase et al. (2000). For graphical analysis AMMI and GGE biplot were used.Discussion of the results. The weather conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine have a significant effect on the winter barley yield. This is indicated by both the average yield variation in the experiment over the years from 6.53 t/ha in 2014/15 to 3.16 t/ha in 2016/17, as well as the percentage of contribution of years conditions to the variance – 82.05%. Reliable, but significantly lower values were calculated for genotype – 12.51% and genotype–environment interaction – 5.45%. The yield variation between varieties within the year ranged from 1.20 to 2.25 t/ha. On average for five years, the highest yield was noted in the variety MIP Yason – 5.67 t/ha, the lowest yield in the variety Bemir 2 – 3.95 t/ha. The varieties Paladin Myronivskyi and MIP Yason had higher ranks for the most adaptibility indices. The first two principal components of the GGE biplot explained the higher percentage of the genotype-environment interaction (86.92%), as compared to the AMMI model (76.33%). The AMMI analysis showed that the variety Paladin Myronivskyi were the most stable. The GGE biplot ranking concerning to an, Цель и задачи исследований. Сравнительная оценка урожайности и стабильности сортов ячменя озимого Мироновского института пшеницы имени В.Н. Ремеслa НААН, внесенных в Госреестр Украины в 1987–2017 гг.Материалы и методы. Исследования проведены в Мироновском институте пшеницы имени В. Н. Ремесла НААН в 2012/13–2016/17 гг. в соответствии с общепринятыми методиками. Материал для исследований – 15 сортов ячменя озимого мироновской селекции, зарегистрированных в Украине за период 1987–2017 гг. Для характеристики взаимодействия генотип–среда и дифференциации сортов по урожайности и стабильности использовали ряд наиболее распространенных в отечественной и мировой практике методик: S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russel (1966); G. Wricke (1962); C.S. Lin, M.R. Binns (1988); M. Huehn (1990); А.В. Кильчевский, Л.В. Хотылёва (1985); В.В. Хангильдин, Н.А. Литвиненко (1981); J.L. Purchase и др. (2000). Для графического анализа использовали AMMI и GGE biplot.Обсуждение результатов. Погодные условия Лесостепи Украины существенно влияют на уровень проявления урожайности ячменя озимого. На это указывают как варьирование среднего значения урожайности в опыте по годам – от 6,53 т/га в 2014/15 г. до 3,16 т/га в 2016/17 г., так и процент вклада условий лет испытаний в общую дисперсию – 82,05%. Достоверные, но существенно ниже значение имели: генотип – 12,51%, взаимодействие генотип–среда – 5,45%. Варьирование урожайности сортов в пределах года было 1,20–2,25 т/га. В среднем за пять лет самое высокое значение урожайности отмечено у сорта МІП Ясон – 5,67 т/га, наиболее низкое– у сорта Бемір 2 – 3,95 т/га. По большинству показателей адаптивности лучшие значение имели сорта Паладін Миронівський и МІП Ясон. Первые две главные компоненты GGE biplot объясняли большую долю взаимодействия генотип–среда (86,92 %) по сравнению с AMMI моделью (76,33 %). По AMMI анализу максимальную стабильность в годы исследований имел Паладін Миронівський. Ранжированием по отношению к «идеальному» генотипу GGE biplot модели пок, У 2012/13–2016/17 рр. проведено порівняльне випробування сортів ячменю озимого Миронівського інституту пшениці імені В.М. Ремесла НААН різних років (1987–2017) реєстрації за врожайністю та стабільністю. Результати системної оцінки за низкою параметричних і непараметричних статистичних показників та AMMI і GGE biplot засвідчили, що внесені до Держреєстру в 2014–2017 рр. сорти Паладін Миронівський, Атлант Миронівський, МІП Ясон, МІП Оскар, МІП Гладіатор переважають створені на попередніх етапах селекційної роботи сорти як за продуктивним, так і адаптивним потенціалом. У той же час як статистичні показники, так і візуалізації AMMI і GGE biplot вказують, що виділені сорти різняться за реакцією на контрастні умови років досліджень, а відповідно до цього у виробничих умовах доповнюватимуть один одного за відповідного формування сортового складу.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the grain yield and the phenotypic adaptability and stability of soybean genotypes in different Cerrado environments of Piauí, Brazil, to provide indications for cultivation in the region. Therefore, we evaluated 23 soybean genotypes and three checks in three different site (Bom Jesus-PI, Monte Alegre-PI and Currais-PI) and environments (crop year 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13). Experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The behavior for the average grain yield of genotypes within and among environments was verified using the Scott Knott’s method of clustering of means (P <0.05). For the study of adaptability and stability, the methods of analysis of Eberhart and Russell and AMMI were used. Genotypes had the best performance of genetic potential in 2010/11 crop year. The best group in Bom Jesus-PI consisted of 16 genotypes and had an average grain yield higher than 3181.61 kg ha-1, what is well above the global average grain yield (2108.26 kg ha-1). G5 and G9 genotypes were the ones with greater adaptability and stability in the three environments with high average grain yield (2362.5 kg ha-1). Therefore, the identification of genotypes presenting such behavior is important for recommending cultivation in the studied environments or in similar areas. It was possible to identify genotypes that have high grain yield and that are stable and adapted for cultivation in the Cerrado at Piauí state.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the grain yield and the phenotypic adaptability and stability of soybean genotypes in different Cerrado environments of Piauí, Brazil, to provide indications for cultivation in the region. Therefore, we evaluated 23 soybean genotypes and three checks in three different site (Bom Jesus-PI, Monte Alegre-PI and Currais-PI) and environments (crop year 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13). Experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The behavior for the average grain yield of genotypes within and among environments was verified using the Scott Knott’s method of clustering of means (P <0.05). For the study of adaptability and stability, the methods of analysis of Eberhart and Russell and AMMI were used. Genotypes had the best performance of genetic potential in 2010/11 crop year. The best group in Bom Jesus-PI consisted of 16 genotypes and had an average grain yield higher than 3181.61 kg ha-1, what is well above the global average grain yield (2108.26 kg ha-1). G5 and G9 genotypes were the ones with greater adaptability and stability in the three environments with high average grain yield (2362.5 kg ha-1). Therefore, the identification of genotypes presenting such behavior is important for recommending cultivation in the studied environments or in similar areas. It was possible to identify genotypes that have high grain yield and that are stable and adapted for cultivation in the Cerrado at Piauí state.

Creation of new higher yield cultivars, adaptation of existing germplasm to a global climate change, increasing resistance to diseases in new genotypes are some of the tasks that breeding have in front of it. The objectives of this research were to assess GE interaction in two different environments across two vegetation seasons and to do association analysis based on the results of the phenotypic and molecular evaluation. Grain samples were obtained from 96 winter wheat cultivars grown in 2011/12 and 2012/13 at two locations in the South Pannonia Basin region and population was profiled with 28 microsatellites. The share of genotype is high and amounts 24.84%, while the share of environments was 21.06%, when yield was evaluated. The GE interaction was also statistically significant and amounts 51.58% of the total variance. Microsatellites that exhibited a relation with yield by GLM and MLM model were: gwm357, gwm339, cfa2114, gwm631, gwm495, gwm190, barc1121 and gwm437. Markers that have demonstrated the stability of the relationship with yield in different environments can be recommended as potentially useful in wheat breeding.

Ova disertacija predstavlja studiju o uticaju genotipa, sredine i njihove uzajamne interakcije na agronomske i tehnološke osobine korena različitih hibrida šećerne repe gajenih u Republici Srbiji. Biljni materijal se sastojao od dva domaća hibrida šećerne repe, stvorena u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu i šest hibrida iz različitih stranih semenskih kuća. Uticaj sredine predstavljen je kroz različite tretmane đubrenja sa azotom, fosforom i kalijumom. Poljski deo ogleda se odvijao na lokalitetu Rimski Šančevi tokom dve uzastone godine i postavljen je po planu podeljenih parcelica u tri ponavljanja. Uzorci korena su uzimani iz srednjih redova svih parcelica i potom analizirani na sledeće osobine: prinos korena, sadržaj šećera, sadržaj štetnog kalijuma, sadržaj štetnog natrijuma, sadržaj alfa amino azota, iskorišćenje šećera i prinos kristalnog šećera. Na osnovu rezultata Analize varijanse utvrđen je značajan uticaj genotipa, sredina i interakcije dva navedena faktora na sve ispitivane osobine. Na varijabilnost većine analiziranih osobina u prvoj godini ispitivanja najveći uticaj je imala sredina odnosno tretmani mineralne ishrane dok je u drugoj godini uticaj genotipa bio veći. Rezultati AMMI analize sugerišu da su genotipovi G3 i G4 bili najprinosniji, ali se njihova stabilnost razlikovala tokom sezona gajenja. Genotip G5 je imao najveći sadržaj šećera u svim sredinama. Sredine sa većim dozama fosfora i kalijuma i redukovanim količinama azota (ili bez azota) su imale najveći sadržaj šećera kod svih testiranih hibrida. Iste sredine su pokazale najbolje rezultate za iskorišćenje šećera i najveću stabilnost u obe godine ispitivanja. Prema rezultatima korelacionih koeficijenata i na osnovu biplot grafika utvrđeno je da se veza između proučavanih osobina menjala tokom različitih sezona gajenja. Rezultati su ukazali da primena multivarijacionih metoda poput AMMI omogućava dodatnu analizu interakcije genotipa i sredine što je bitno za dalje unapređenje sel, The thesis represents a study about the effect of genotype, environment and their interaction on the agronomic and technological root characteristics of different sugar beet hybrids grown in the Republic of Serbia. Plant material consisted of two hybrids developed at Institute of field and vegetable crops, Novi Sad and six hybrids developed by different foreign seed companies. The environmental factor was presented through different fertilization treatments of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Field experiment took place on the location of Rimski Šančevi during two consecutive years and was arranged in the split plot design with three replications. Root samples from middle rows od each plot were taken and analyzed for the following traits: root yield, sugar content, levels of harmful potassium, harmful sodium and alpha amino nitrogen, recoverable sugar and white sugar yield. Analysis of variance determined that genotype, environment and their interaction had significant effect on all examined traits. During the first year of experiment, environmental factor had the greatest impact on the variability of majority of characteristics while in second year the genotype had the strongest effect. Results of the AMMI analysis suggest that the hybrids G3 and G4 had the highest yields, but their stability varied during the growing season. Hybrid G5 had the highest average sugar content in all environments. Environments with high levels of phosphorus and potassium and with reduced amounts of nitrogen (or no nitrogen) induced the highest levels of sugar content in all tested hybrids. The same environments showed the best results for recoverable sugar and the highest level of stability in both years of testing. According to the results of correlation coefficients and the biplot graphics, relationships between studied properties varied in different growing seasons. The results sugest that the use of multivariate statistical methods such as AMMI allows additional analysis of geno

Climate changes are affecting the plant production, including sugar beet growing especially in the southern and central parts of the Europe. Modifying the sowing and harvesting dates are one of the most often used adaptations in sugar beet cultivation. The aim of this study was to assess the interactions between planting date and sugar beet genotypes for different harvest dates with recommendation for duration of vegetation period for specific hybrids in order to achieve the best performance and to evaluate influence of climatic factors on sugar yield. Three-way analysis of variance and AMMI (Additive main effect and multiple interactions) analysis were performed to investigate interaction between main factors. Analysis of variance revealed that genotypes (G), planting date (PD), harvest date (HD) and interaction G x PD significantly affected sugar yield in 2016. In 2017 genotypes, planting date, harvest date and G x PD interaction significantly affected sugar yield on probability level of 1%, while PD x HD interaction had significant effect on probability level of 5%. Results of AMMI analysis enabled discrimination of genotypes with the highest level of stability in certain planting dates. Hybrids with combined yield and sugar content (NZ type) should have the advantage in earlier planting dates compared to of sugar beet hybrids with higher sugar content (Z type). However, in shortened vegetation period Z type hybrids are more stable and with better sugar yield results. Results of our study suggest that delaying the harvest date decreases differences between sugar yields obtained from hybrids sown in different planting dates. Major factors in the study affecting sugar yield were growing degree days, insolation and number of days from planting to harvest.

У раду су приказани резултати огледа 94 генотипа пшенице (Triticum vulgare L.) и по један генотип Т. spelta L. (Нирвана) и Т. compactum Host (Бамби) гајених током две вегетационе сезоне (2011/2012. и 2012/2013.) на два локалитета (Нови Сад и Сремска Митровица). Испитиване су фенотипске особине: висина биљке, дужина класа, број зрна по класу, маса хиљаду семена и принос. Приказани су показатељи основне статистике просек и коефицијент варијације, док је за анализу интеракције генотипа и спољне средине примењен модел главних ефеката и вишеструке интеракције-AMMI (Аdditive Мain Еffects and Мultiplicative Interaction). Међузависност испитиваних особина је утврђена анализом индиректних корелационих коефицијената. Молекуларна анализа је подразумевала анализовање коришћеног биљног материјала са 28 молекуларна маркера – микросателита. Резултати су показали статистичку значајност главних ефеката генотипа на фенотипску варијабилност свих испитиваних особина. Индиректним корелацијама су установљене значајне вредности коефицијената корелације између неких испитиваних особина. Детаљном анализом резултата утврђено је да је само маркер gwm631, испољио везу маркер-особина са свих пет испитиваних особина. У односу на класичне методе оплемењивања, маркерима помогнута селекција скраћује поступак оцене и одабира родитељских парова. У том смислу, молекуларни маркери, као додатак искуству оплемењивача, су показатељи исправног смера у кључним корацима при избору родитеља., U radu su prikazani rezultati ogleda 94 genotipa pšenice (Triticum vulgare L.) i po jedan genotip T. spelta L. (Nirvana) i T. compactum Host (Bambi) gajenih tokom dve vegetacione sezone (2011/2012. i 2012/2013.) na dva lokaliteta (Novi Sad i Sremska Mitrovica). Ispitivane su fenotipske osobine: visina biljke, dužina klasa, broj zrna po klasu, masa hiljadu semena i prinos. Prikazani su pokazatelji osnovne statistike prosek i koeficijent varijacije, dok je za analizu interakcije genotipa i spoljne sredine primenjen model glavnih efekata i višestruke interakcije-AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction). Međuzavisnost ispitivanih osobina je utvrđena analizom indirektnih korelacionih koeficijenata. Molekularna analiza je podrazumevala analizovanje korišćenog biljnog materijala sa 28 molekularna markera – mikrosatelita. Rezultati su pokazali statističku značajnost glavnih efekata genotipa na fenotipsku varijabilnost svih ispitivanih osobina. Indirektnim korelacijama su ustanovljene značajne vrednosti koeficijenata korelacije između nekih ispitivanih osobina. Detaljnom analizom rezultata utvrđeno je da je samo marker gwm631, ispoljio vezu marker-osobina sa svih pet ispitivanih osobina. U odnosu na klasične metode oplemenjivanja, markerima pomognuta selekcija skraćuje postupak ocene i odabira roditeljskih parova. U tom smislu, molekularni markeri, kao dodatak iskustvu oplemenjivača, su pokazatelji ispravnog smera u ključnim koracima pri izboru roditelja., This research presents the results of the examination of 94 genotypes of wheat (Triticum vulgare L.) and one genotype T. Spelta L. (Nirvana) and T. Compactum Host (Bambi) grown during the two vegetation season (2011/2012 and 2012/2013) at two locations (Novi Sad and Sremska Mitrovica). The phenotypic markers that were examined were plant height, spike length number of grains per spike, mass of thousands seeds and yield. The basic statistics average and coefficient of variation were shown, while the main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) was used for the analysis of the genotype interaction and the environment. The interdependence of the investigated traits was determined by analysis of the indirect correlation coefficients. Molecular analysis was consisting of used plant material with 28 molecular markers - microsatellites. The results showed the statistically significance of the main effects of the genotype on the phenotypic variability in all investigated traits. Indirect correlations have established significant correlation coefficients among some of the examined properties. A detailed analysis of the results found that only the gwm631 marker exhibited a marker-trait relationship with all five investigated traits. In comparison to the classical breeding methods, the markers assisted selection shortens the process of evaluation and selection of parental couples. In this sense, molecular markers, in addition to the experience of breeders, are indicators of the right direction in the key steps in the choice of parents.

En el norte de Tamaulipas, México se cultivan entre 30 mil y 100 mil hectáreas con maíz (Zea mays L.) cada año. La superficie varía debido a la incidencia de factores bióticos (plagas de insectos, hongos toxígenos) y abióticos (alta temperatura, salinidad del suelo, sequía), así como la disponibilidad de agua para riego. Por tal razón, alternativas culturales, genéticas, biológicas y químicas para el manejo del cultivo se deben evaluar constantemente para maximizar el rendimiento y la calidad de grano. En este trabajo, se evaluó el comportamiento agronómico y la interacción genotipo x ambiente de ocho híbridos de maíz sembrados en cuatro fechas de siembra y tres años de cultivo con base el análisis de la interacción de efectos principales aditivos y multiplicativos (AMMI) y el modelo genotipo, genotipo x ambiente (GGA) Biplot; así como en el análisis de sendero secuencial (ASS). El análisis AMMI para rendimiento de grano indicó diferencias significativas (p≤ 0.01) entre híbridos y ambientes de prueba. El análisis de componentes principales indicó que los dos primeros componentes (CP) contribuyeron con 76% de la varianza total (PC1= 20 y PC2= 56%); el análisis GGE biplot indicó que DK-697 fue el híbrido con mayor rendimiento y mayor estabilidad. El gráfico biplot mostró que los vectores estuvieron más alejados del centro para el año 2006A, 2006B, 2006C y 2007A (mayores interacción y capacidad de discriminación de genotipos), mientras que los vectores más cercanos fueron 2008B y 2008C (menor interacción). Entre híbridos, los más alejados del origen (menos estables) fueron H-437 y G-8222; el más cercano al origen y más estable fue DK-697. El análisis ASS detectó colinealidad moderada para todas las características evaluadas, con efectos fuertes del número de mazorcas sanas (Valor de Inflación de la Varianza o VIF= -1.41) y peso de mazorca (VIF= -1.19). Las variables con mayor asociación al rendimiento de grano fueron peso de mazorca, altura de planta, relación de altur

The increased incidence of drought and low fertility challenges in southern Africa emphasizes the continued need for innovations and technologies to improve the productivity of the maize-based production systems in the region. This region depends mainly on maize for food security, and thus breeding for drought and low N tolerance has been, and will continue to be a focal point and major objective in sub-Saharan Africa. The hybrids tested in this study were developed from CIMMYT maize inbred lines selected for drought and low N tolerance, for the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Trials were conducted in Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa under managed drought, low N stress and optimum conditions. This study was conducted to determine the combining ability of lines and testers and heritability of yield and agronomic characteristics of early and late maturity maize hybrids generated from a line x tester crossing design, to determine the testcross performance of the developed hybrids and to determine yield stability of early and late maturity hybrids using AMMI and GGE models. Yield reduction due to stress conditions of 28.6-79.0% was observed for hybrids grown under low N and drought conditions. Late maturity maize hybrids face a larger risk of exposure to drought conditions that eventually reduces yield drastically. The reduced yields under random drought and low N stress observed in this study indicated the potential threats to maize-based production systems in the southern African region. Combining ability studies indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive effects across the stress environments. GCA of lines and testers and SCA effects for hybrids were significant across all locations, which indicates the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action in the genotypes evaluated. Lines which showed positive GCA effects for grain yield across all the environments can be successfully utilized as potential sources for hybrid breeding programme

En el norte de Tamaulipas, México se cultivan entre 30 mil y 100 mil hectáreas con maíz (Zea mays L.) cada año. La superficie varía debido a la incidencia de factores bióticos (plagas de insectos, hongos toxígenos) y abióticos (alta temperatura, salinidad del suelo, sequía), así como la disponibilidad de agua para riego. Por tal razón, alternativas culturales, genéticas, biológicas y químicas para el manejo del cultivo se deben evaluar constantemente para maximizar el rendimiento y la calidad de grano. En este trabajo, se evaluó el comportamiento agronómico y la interacción genotipo x ambiente de ocho híbridos de maíz sembrados en cuatro fechas de siembra y tres años de cultivo con base el análisis de la interacción de efectos principales aditivos y multiplicativos (AMMI) y el modelo genotipo, genotipo x ambiente (GGA) Biplot; así como en el análisis de sendero secuencial (ASS). El análisis AMMI para rendimiento de grano indicó diferencias significativas (p≤ 0.01) entre híbridos y ambientes de prueba. El análisis de componentes principales indicó que los dos primeros componentes (CP) contribuyeron con 76% de la varianza total (PC1= 20 y PC2= 56%); el análisis GGE biplot indicó que DK-697 fue el híbrido con mayor rendimiento y mayor estabilidad. El gráfico biplot mostró que los vectores estuvieron más alejados del centro para el año 2006A, 2006B, 2006C y 2007A (mayores interacción y capacidad de discriminación de genotipos), mientras que los vectores más cercanos fueron 2008B y 2008C (menor interacción). Entre híbridos, los más alejados del origen (menos estables) fueron H-437 y G-8222; el más cercano al origen y más estable fue DK-697. El análisis ASS detectó colinealidad moderada para todas las características evaluadas, con efectos fuertes del número de mazorcas sanas (Valor de Inflación de la Varianza o VIF= -1.41) y peso de mazorca (VIF= -1.19). Las variables con mayor asociación al rendimiento de grano fueron peso de mazorca, altura de planta, relación de altur

У раду је испитивана интеракција генотип x средина и стабилност приноса зрнаи компонената приноса зрна комерцијалних хибрида кукуруза. За проучавање јеизабрано 36 хибрида кукуруза, FAO групе зрења 300-700, из 8 селекционих компанија.Оглед jе постављен на 8 локалитета (Кикинда, Сомбор, Свилајнац, Сремска Митровица,Панчево, Сента, Шимановци и Лозница), током три године (2011, 2012 и 2013), попотпуно случајном блок систему (RCBD).На основу добијених података, анализом варијансе (ANOVA), израчунате супросечне вредности и показатељи варијабилности приноса зрна и компонената приносазрна, а за процену стабилности испитиваних особина су коришћена два метода: а)метод непараметарских показатеља стабилности, утврђених на основу рангирањагенотипова у испитиваним срединама (година-локалитет) и б) метод AMMI анализе.За све проучаване агрономске особине, анализом варијенсе су утврђенестатистички високо значајне F вредности генотипа, средина и интеракције генотип хсредина. Од 36 комерцијалних хибрида кукуруза испитиваних у овом раду, највећипринос зрна остварио је хибрид LG Guadiana (10,877 t/ha), док је наjмањи принос зрнаимао хибрид NS5020 (8,705 t/ha). Највећи просечан принос зрна у огледу остварен је у2011. години (11,619 t/ha), а најмањи у 2012. години (6,896 t/ha). Просечан принос зрнакукуруза по испитиваним локацијама варирао је од 6,973 t/ha (Сремска Митровица) до13,813 t/ha (Лозница).За особину принос зрна најстабилнији хибриди кукуруза, на основунепараметарске статистичке анализе, су били: AS51 према параметрима Si(1)=8,80 иSi(2)=60,70; ZP434 према параметру Si(3)=27,40 и AS73 према параметару Si(6)=3,25.На основу AMMI анализе најстабилнији хибриди кукуруза су били AS54 иNS4030, али уједно и испод-просечно приносни, док је хибрид LG Guadiana (најроднијихибрид у огледу), имао већи интеракцијски скор, тј. био је мање стабилан.На основу трогодишње анализе закључује се да су различити хибриди постизалинајвеће приносе зрна у различитим срединама, те да рејонизација производног, This doctoral dissertation investigated genotype by environment interaction andstability of grain yield and yield components for commercial maize hybrids. For this study 36maize hybrids from FAO 300 to FAO 700 maturity group, from 8 different breedingcompanies were selected. The experiment was planted at 8 locations (Kikinda, Sombor,Svilajnac, Sremska Mitrovica, Pančevo, Subotica, Šimanovci and Loznica), over three years(2011, 2012 and 2013), using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD).Based on the obtained data, using analysis of variance (ANOVA), average values andvariability indicators for grain yield and yield components were calculated, while for theevaluation of stability two methods were used: a) the method of non-parametric stabilityindicators, obtained on the basis of ranking of genotypes into environments (year-location),and b) the method of AMMI analysis.For all agronomic traits in this study, analysis of variance showed statistically highsignificant F value for genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction. From36 commercial maize hybrids investigated in this study, the highest grain yield showed hybridLG Guadiana (10,877 t/ha), while the lowest grain yield determined in hybrid NS5020 (8,705t/ha). The highest average grain yield in this experiment was determined in 2011 (11,619t/ha), and the lowest garin yield was in a very stressful 2012 (6,896 t/ha), while from alllocations, Loznica was the best yielding location with 13,813 t/ha and Sremska Mitrovicashowed lowest grain yeald (6,973 t/ha).For the grain yield, the most stable maize hybrid, on the basis of non-parametricstatistical analysis were: AS51 according to the parameters Si(1)=8.80, and Si(2)=60.70;ZP434 for the parameter Si(3)=27.40 and AS73 for the parameter Si(6)=3,25.Aaccording to the AMMI analysis, the most stable maize hybrids were AS54 andNS4030, but also they showed below-average yield, while the hybrid LG Guadiana (the bestyielding hybrid in the trial), had a higher i

У раду је испитивана интеракција генотип x средина и стабилност приноса зрна и компонената приноса зрна комерцијалних хибрида кукуруза. За проучавање је изабрано 36 хибрида кукуруза, FAO групе зрења 300-700, из 8 селекционих компанија. Оглед jе постављен на 8 локалитета (Кикинда, Сомбор, Свилајнац, Сремска Митровица, Панчево, Сента, Шимановци и Лозница), током три године (2011, 2012 и 2013), по потпуно случајном блок систему (RCBD). На основу добијених података, анализом варијансе (ANOVA), израчунате су просечне вредности и показатељи варијабилности приноса зрна и компонената приноса зрна, а за процену стабилности испитиваних особина су коришћена два метода: а) метод непараметарских показатеља стабилности, утврђених на основу рангирања генотипова у испитиваним срединама (година-локалитет) и б) метод AMMI анализе. За све проучаване агрономске особине, анализом варијенсе су утврђене статистички високо значајне F вредности генотипа, средина и интеракције генотип х средина. Од 36 комерцијалних хибрида кукуруза испитиваних у овом раду, највећи принос зрна остварио је хибрид LG Guadiana (10,877 t/ha), док је наjмањи принос зрна имао хибрид NS5020 (8,705 t/ha). Највећи просечан принос зрна у огледу остварен је у 2011. години (11,619 t/ha), а најмањи у 2012. години (6,896 t/ha). Просечан принос зрна кукуруза по испитиваним локацијама варирао је од 6,973 t/ha (Сремска Митровица) до 13,813 t/ha (Лозница). За особину принос зрна најстабилнији хибриди кукуруза, на основу непараметарске статистичке анализе, су били: AS51 према параметрима Si(1)=8,80 и Si(2)=60,70; ZP434 према параметру Si(3)=27,40 и AS73 према параметару Si(6)=3,25. На основу AMMI анализе најстабилнији хибриди кукуруза су били AS54 и NS4030, али уједно и испод-просечно приносни, док је хибрид LG Guadiana (најроднији хибрид у огледу), имао већи интеракцијски скор, тј. био је мање стабилан. На основу трогодишње анализе закључује се да су различити хибриди постизали највеће приносе зрна у различитим срединама, те д, This doctoral dissertation investigated genotype by environment interaction and stability of grain yield and yield components for commercial maize hybrids. For this study 36 maize hybrids from FAO 300 to FAO 700 maturity group, from 8 different breeding companies were selected. The experiment was planted at 8 locations (Kikinda, Sombor, Svilajnac, Sremska Mitrovica, Pančevo, Subotica, Šimanovci and Loznica), over three years (2011, 2012 and 2013), using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Based on the obtained data, using analysis of variance (ANOVA), average values and variability indicators for grain yield and yield components were calculated, while for the evaluation of stability two methods were used: a) the method of non-parametric stability indicators, obtained on the basis of ranking of genotypes into environments (year-location), and b) the method of AMMI analysis. For all agronomic traits in this study, analysis of variance showed statistically high significant F value for genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction. From 36 commercial maize hybrids investigated in this study, the highest grain yield showed hybrid LG Guadiana (10,877 t/ha), while the lowest grain yield determined in hybrid NS5020 (8,705 t/ha). The highest average grain yield in this experiment was determined in 2011 (11,619 t/ha), and the lowest garin yield was in a very stressful 2012 (6,896 t/ha), while from all locations, Loznica was the best yielding location with 13,813 t/ha and Sremska Mitrovica showed lowest grain yeald (6,973 t/ha). For the grain yield, the most stable maize hybrid, on the basis of non-parametric statistical analysis were: AS51 according to the parameters Si(1)=8.80, and Si(2)=60.70; ZP434 for the parameter Si(3)=27.40 and AS73 for the parameter Si(6)=3,25. Aaccording to the AMMI analysis, the most stable maize hybrids were AS54 and NS4030, but also they showed below-average yield, while the hybrid LG Guadiana (the best yielding hybrid in th

Plavi patlidžan (Solanum melongena L.) je drevna biljka karakteristična za istočnjačke zemlje, Indiju i Kinu. Ekonomski značaj ove biljke veoma je veliki, jer predstavlja veoma popularno domaće povrće u Aziji i mediteranskom basenu. Pripada familiji Solanaceae gde spadaju i druge ekonomski važne vrste. Prema podacima FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations) u toku 2012. godine, plavi patlidžan se gajio na oko 1,6 miliona hektara. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi stepen fenotipske plastičnosti proučavanih genotipova, zatim da se na osnovu saznanja o svim izvorima variranja u ukupnoj fenotipskoj varijansi formira slika o stabilnosti najvažnijih osobina na različitim lokalitetima i tako izdvoje stabilni genotipovi kao početni selekcioni materijal. Upotreba molekularne genetike ima za cilj očuvanje i korišćenje genetičkih resursa, i da se uz pomoć molekularnih markera odredi varijabilnost i grupisanje srodnih genotipova plavog patlidžana u heterotične grupe. Selekcija uz pomoć makera predstavlja indirektnu selekciju, a sve u cilju stvaranja sorti sa određenim agronomskim poželjnim osobinama. Sva ispitivanja su sprovedena u toku vegetacione sezone (2015) i to na tri lokaliteta: Smederevska Palanka (ogledno polje Instituta za povrtarstvo), Kusadak i Vranovo. Odabrano je 20 perspektivnih genotipova plavog patlidžana koji pripadaju kolekciji Instituta za povrtarstvo i koji predstavljaju divergentan genetički materijal..., Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an ancient plant, common in East countries, India and China. Economic importance of this plant is big since it is a very popular vegetable in Asia and in countries of Mediterranean basin. It belongs to Solanaceae family, together with other economically important varieties. According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations) during 2012, eggplant was grown on 1.6 million hectares. The aim of this research was to determine the degree of phenotype plasticity of studied genotypes, and then, on the basis of the results regarding all sources of variation in total phenotype variance, to extract the stabile genotypes with stabile most important traits in different environments, as an initial selection material. The usage of molecular genetics aims to preserve and utilize genetic resources and to determine variability and grouping of related genotypes of eggplant in heterotic groups by using molecular markers. Marker selection is an indirect selection with the aim of creating varieties with certain desirable traits in agronomical context. All researches have been conducted during vegetation season 2015 in three environments: Smederevska Palanka (trial field of the Institute for Vegetable Crops), Kusadak and Vranovo. Divergent genetic materials, i.e. 20 perspective genotypes from Institute for Vegetable Crops collection have been chosen for this research. The main task of the research was the monitoring of the impact of factors (genotype, environment) on seven traits: yield per plant, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit width, plant height and early ripening...

У раду је испитивана интеракција генотип x средина и стабилност приноса зрна и компонената приноса зрна комерцијалних хибрида кукуруза. За проучавање је изабрано 36 хибрида кукуруза, FAO групе зрења 300-700, из 8 селекционих компанија. Оглед jе постављен на 8 локалитета (Кикинда, Сомбор, Свилајнац, Сремска Митровица, Панчево, Сента, Шимановци и Лозница), током три године (2011, 2012 и 2013), по потпуно случајном блок систему (RCBD). На основу добијених података, анализом варијансе (ANOVA), израчунате су просечне вредности и показатељи варијабилности приноса зрна и компонената приноса зрна, а за процену стабилности испитиваних особина су коришћена два метода: а) метод непараметарских показатеља стабилности, утврђених на основу рангирања генотипова у испитиваним срединама (година-локалитет) и б) метод AMMI анализе. За све проучаване агрономске особине, анализом варијенсе су утврђене статистички високо значајне F вредности генотипа, средина и интеракције генотип х средина. Од 36 комерцијалних хибрида кукуруза испитиваних у овом раду, највећи принос зрна остварио је хибрид LG Guadiana (10,877 t/ha), док је наjмањи принос зрна имао хибрид NS5020 (8,705 t/ha). Највећи просечан принос зрна у огледу остварен је у 2011. години (11,619 t/ha), а најмањи у 2012. години (6,896 t/ha). Просечан принос зрна кукуруза по испитиваним локацијама варирао је од 6,973 t/ha (Сремска Митровица) до 13,813 t/ha (Лозница). За особину принос зрна најстабилнији хибриди кукуруза, на основу непараметарске статистичке анализе, су били: AS51 према параметрима Si(1)=8,80 и Si(2)=60,70; ZP434 према параметру Si(3)=27,40 и AS73 према параметару Si(6)=3,25. На основу AMMI анализе најстабилнији хибриди кукуруза су били AS54 и NS4030, али уједно и испод-просечно приносни, док је хибрид LG Guadiana (најроднији хибрид у огледу), имао већи интеракцијски скор, тј. био је мање стабилан. На основу трогодишње анализе закључује се да су различити хибриди постизали највеће приносе зрна у различитим срединама, те д, This doctoral dissertation investigated genotype by environment interaction and stability of grain yield and yield components for commercial maize hybrids. For this study 36 maize hybrids from FAO 300 to FAO 700 maturity group, from 8 different breeding companies were selected. The experiment was planted at 8 locations (Kikinda, Sombor, Svilajnac, Sremska Mitrovica, Pančevo, Subotica, Šimanovci and Loznica), over three years (2011, 2012 and 2013), using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Based on the obtained data, using analysis of variance (ANOVA), average values and variability indicators for grain yield and yield components were calculated, while for the evaluation of stability two methods were used: a) the method of non-parametric stability indicators, obtained on the basis of ranking of genotypes into environments (year-location), and b) the method of AMMI analysis. For all agronomic traits in this study, analysis of variance showed statistically high significant F value for genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction. From 36 commercial maize hybrids investigated in this study, the highest grain yield showed hybrid LG Guadiana (10,877 t/ha), while the lowest grain yield determined in hybrid NS5020 (8,705 t/ha). The highest average grain yield in this experiment was determined in 2011 (11,619 t/ha), and the lowest garin yield was in a very stressful 2012 (6,896 t/ha), while from all locations, Loznica was the best yielding location with 13,813 t/ha and Sremska Mitrovica showed lowest grain yeald (6,973 t/ha). For the grain yield, the most stable maize hybrid, on the basis of non-parametric statistical analysis were: AS51 according to the parameters Si(1)=8.80, and Si(2)=60.70; ZP434 for the parameter Si(3)=27.40 and AS73 for the parameter Si(6)=3,25. Aaccording to the AMMI analysis, the most stable maize hybrids were AS54 and NS4030, but also they showed below-average yield, while the hybrid LG Guadiana (the best yielding hybrid in th

In this paper, the stability of ten divergent wheat varieties was investigated, where two traits were analyzed: spike weight and grain weight per spike. The trial was conducted on the experimental field of the Center for Small Grains in Kragujevac during three growing seasons. The expressions of the analyzed traits were statistically significant and showed additive and non-additive sources of variation. The AMMI analysis showed significant effect of the genotype x environment interaction, where two main components were significant (PCA1 and PCA2). The first principal component (PCA1) expressed the largest share of the genotype x environment interaction. The genotypes reacted differently to different environmental conditions. Genotype Szegedi 765 had the highest value of analyzed traits, but moderate to low stability. Genotypes Sterna and Gruza expressed the highest stability, while genotype Mironovskaya 808 showed the highest instability in terms of both traits. The investigated genotypes had the highest stability in the second year of investigation, and the lowest stability in the first year. In terms of stability, these genotypes can be used in wheat breeding programs.

Plavi patlidžan (Solanum melongena L.) je drevna biljka karakteristična za istočnjačke zemlje, Indiju i Kinu. Ekonomski značaj ove biljke veoma je veliki, jer predstavlja veoma popularno domaće povrće u Aziji i mediteranskom basenu. Pripada familiji Solanaceae gde spadaju i druge ekonomski važne vrste. Prema podacima FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations) u toku 2012. godine, plavi patlidžan se gajio na oko 1,6 miliona hektara. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi stepen fenotipske plastičnosti proučavanih genotipova, zatim da se na osnovu saznanja o svim izvorima variranja u ukupnoj fenotipskoj varijansi formira slika o stabilnosti najvažnijih osobina na različitim lokalitetima i tako izdvoje stabilni genotipovi kao početni selekcioni materijal. Upotreba molekularne genetike ima za cilj očuvanje i korišćenje genetičkih resursa, i da se uz pomoć molekularnih markera odredi varijabilnost i grupisanje srodnih genotipova plavog patlidžana u heterotične grupe. Selekcija uz pomoć makera predstavlja indirektnu selekciju, a sve u cilju stvaranja sorti sa određenim agronomskim poželjnim osobinama. Sva ispitivanja su sprovedena u toku vegetacione sezone (2015) i to na tri lokaliteta: Smederevska Palanka (ogledno polje Instituta za povrtarstvo), Kusadak i Vranovo. Odabrano je 20 perspektivnih genotipova plavog patlidžana koji pripadaju kolekciji Instituta za povrtarstvo i koji predstavljaju divergentan genetički materijal..., Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an ancient plant, common in East countries, India and China. Economic importance of this plant is big since it is a very popular vegetable in Asia and in countries of Mediterranean basin. It belongs to Solanaceae family, together with other economically important varieties. According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations) during 2012, eggplant was grown on 1.6 million hectares. The aim of this research was to determine the degree of phenotype plasticity of studied genotypes, and then, on the basis of the results regarding all sources of variation in total phenotype variance, to extract the stabile genotypes with stabile most important traits in different environments, as an initial selection material. The usage of molecular genetics aims to preserve and utilize genetic resources and to determine variability and grouping of related genotypes of eggplant in heterotic groups by using molecular markers. Marker selection is an indirect selection with the aim of creating varieties with certain desirable traits in agronomical context. All researches have been conducted during vegetation season 2015 in three environments: Smederevska Palanka (trial field of the Institute for Vegetable Crops), Kusadak and Vranovo. Divergent genetic materials, i.e. 20 perspective genotypes from Institute for Vegetable Crops collection have been chosen for this research. The main task of the research was the monitoring of the impact of factors (genotype, environment) on seven traits: yield per plant, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit width, plant height and early ripening...

Expansion and intensification of cultivation are among the predominant global changes of this century. Constant growth of the world population and rising demand for food conditional on improving the quality /quantity of crop products. This could be achieved by synergy among breeding improvement and dedicated seed production. Accordingly, advanced and modern production of bread wheat allows the creation of new genotypes with better adaptability to different environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of genotype, environment and their interactions on yield and randman of seed using AMMI model. Ten bread wheat varieties were investigated (Evropa 90, NSR 5, Pobeda, Renesansa, Ljiljana, Cipovka, Dragana, Simonida, NS 40S and Zvezdana) across three growing seasons (2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12) and two locations (Novi Sad and Pančevo). Based on the interaction of genotypes and agro-ecological environments for yield and randman of seed on AMMI1 biplot it was noted that the genotypes differed more in several multivariate part of the total variation than in additive effect., Stalan rast svetske populacije i porast potreba za hranom zahtevaju poboljšanje kvaliteta i prinosa semena poljoprivrednih kultura. Ovo se postiže oplemenjivačkim radom i predanim semenarstvom. U skladu sa tim, napredak u savremenoj proizvodnji hlebne pšenice omogućuje stvaranje novih genotipova, sa boljom adaptabilnošću na različite agroekološke uslove. Pravilnim održavanjem i umnožavanjem sorti teži se smanjenju gubitaka deklarisanog semena, koji su usko povezani sa iskoristljivošću semena, odnosno randmanom, koji je pokazatelj kvalitetnog višegodišnjeg semenarstva i efikasnosti dorade naturalnog semena. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita uticaj genotipa, spoljašnje sredine i njihove međusobne interakcije na randman i prinos semena primenom AMMI modela. Ispitivano je deset sorti hlebne pšenice (Evropa 90, NSR 5, Pobeda, Renesansa, Ljiljana, Cipovka, Dragana, Simonida, NS 40 S i Zvezdana) tokom tri vegetacione sezone (2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12), na dva lokaliteta (Novi Sad i Pančevo). Na osnovu prikaza interakcije genotipova i agroekoloških sredina za randman i prinos semena, u obliku AMMI1 biplota, zabeleženo je da su se genotipovi više razlikovali u multivarijacionom delu ukupne varijacije ogleda, nego u aditivnom efektu. Na nivou celog ogleda genotipovi su bolji randman semena ostvarili na lokalitetu Pančevo, dok su uslovi lokaliteta Novi Sad bili povoljniji za ostvarivanje većeg prinosa. Genotip Dragana je imao najveći randman semena (93,49%) dok je genotip Simonida bio najprinosniji (8.12 t·ha-1). Genotipovi koji su imali malu interakcijsku vrednost genotip/spoljna sredina odnosno bolju stabilnost od ostalih su: Ljiljana, kada se posmatra randman semena i Renesansa, kada je u pitanju prinos.

У раду су приказани резултати огледа са једанаест сорти пшенице (Triticum aestivum L.) и једном сортом тритикалеа (Triticosecale W.) на локалитету Кумане у Банату, у стресним условима халоморфног земљишта типа солоњец. Током три вегетационе сезоне је испитана генотипска варијабилност, праћењем фенотипске варијације и интеракције генотип/спољна средина за принос и компоненте приноса (висина биљке, дужина класа, маса класа, маса зрна по класу и број зрна по класу). Оглед је постављен на контролној варијанти (солоњец без поправке) и третманима са мерама поправке, уз примену фосфогипса у количини од 25 t/ha и 50 t/ha. За анализу интеракције генотипа и спољне средине је примењен Модел главних ефеката и вишеструке интеракције-AMMI (Аdditive Мain Еffects and Мultiplicative Interaction). Међузависност испитиваних особина је утврђена анализом једноструких корелација. У циљу дефинисања реакције генотипова на стресне услове солоњеца, испитанa је активност ензимских и неензимских компоненти антиоксидативног система, као и липидне пероксидације. Испољена је статистичка значајност главних ефеката генотипа, агроекосредина и њихове интеракције на варијабилност свих испитиваних својстава. Уочени су генотипови мале интеракције генотип/спољна средина за поједине особине, што би могло да се окарактерише као стабилна реакција тих генотипова у променљивим условима средине, у односу на мелиоративни третман и вегетациону сезону. Корелационом анализом су установљене значајне и високозначајне вредности коефицијената корелације између већине испитиваних својстава. Разлике у активности ензима и неензимских компоненти антиоксидативног система заштите указују да су генотипови различито реаговали на стресне услове солоњеца. Добијени резултати могу да помогну процес стварања генотипова пшенице, који ће да се гаје на земљиштима са вишим концентрацијама натријума и неповољним физичким особинама, са добром стабилношћу., U radu su prikazani rezultati ogleda sa jedanaest sorti pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.) i jednom sortom tritikalea (Triticosecale W.) na lokalitetu Kumane u Banatu, u stresnim uslovima halomorfnog zemljišta tipa solonjec. Tokom tri vegetacione sezone je ispitana genotipska varijabilnost, praćenjem fenotipske varijacije i interakcije genotip/spoljna sredina za prinos i komponente prinosa (visina biljke, dužina klasa, masa klasa, masa zrna po klasu i broj zrna po klasu). Ogled je postavljen na kontrolnoj varijanti (solonjec bez popravke) i tretmanima sa merama popravke, uz primenu fosfogipsa u količini od 25 t/ha i 50 t/ha. Za analizu interakcije genotipa i spoljne sredine je primenjen Model glavnih efekata i višestruke interakcije-AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction). Međuzavisnost ispitivanih osobina je utvrđena analizom jednostrukih korelacija. U cilju definisanja reakcije genotipova na stresne uslove solonjeca, ispitana je aktivnost enzimskih i neenzimskih komponenti antioksidativnog sistema, kao i lipidne peroksidacije. Ispoljena je statistička značajnost glavnih efekata genotipa, agroekosredina i njihove interakcije na varijabilnost svih ispitivanih svojstava. Uočeni su genotipovi male interakcije genotip/spoljna sredina za pojedine osobine, što bi moglo da se okarakteriše kao stabilna reakcija tih genotipova u promenljivim uslovima sredine, u odnosu na meliorativni tretman i vegetacionu sezonu. Korelacionom analizom su ustanovljene značajne i visokoznačajne vrednosti koeficijenata korelacije između većine ispitivanih svojstava. Razlike u aktivnosti enzima i neenzimskih komponenti antioksidativnog sistema zaštite ukazuju da su genotipovi različito reagovali na stresne uslove solonjeca. Dobijeni rezultati mogu da pomognu proces stvaranja genotipova pšenice, koji će da se gaje na zemljištima sa višim koncentracijama natrijuma i nepovoljnim fizičkim osobinama, sa dobrom stabilnošću., This paper presents the results of an experiment with eleven varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and one triticale variety (Triticosecale W.). The experiment was conducted in stress conditions of the site Kumane in Banat, on solonetz soil. Genotypic variability has been examined, during three growing seasons, through phenotypic variation and genotype/environment interaction for yield and yield components (plant height, spike length, spike weight, seed weight per spike and number of grains per spike). The experiment was set up in the control treatment (solonetz soil without melioration) and the improvement measures with application of phosphogypsum in amount of 25 t/ha and 50 t/ha. The genotype/environment ineraction was analyzed using AMMI model (Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction). The interrelationship of the studied traits was determined by the single correlation coefficients. In order to define the genotype response to stress of solonetz, the activity of enzimatic and non-enzimatic antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation were examined. The statistical significance of the main effects of genotypes, environments and their interaction on variation of all the traits was observed. The observed genotypes with low genotype/environment interaction for certain traits, which could be characterized as a stable reaction of these genotypes in variable environmental conditions, in relation to the ameliorated measures and growin seson. For the different traits as the most stable ones, various genotypes were obtained. The genotypes in study reacted differently to different levels of melioration, in relation to each treatment and growing season. Correlation analysis were established significant and highly significant values of correlation coefficients between the most of studied traits. Differences in the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant protection suggests that the genotypes responded differently to stress conditions

Genotype x environment interaction (GxE) information is needed by plant breeders to assist the identification of superior genotype. Stability analysis can be done if there is a GxE interaction, to show the stability of a genotype when planted in different environments. This study aimed to estimate the effects of genotype x environment interaction on yield and yield components of fruit weight per plant as well as to look at the stability of 14 tomato genotypes at four lowland locations. The study was conducted at four locations, namely Purwakarta, Lombok, Tajur and Leuwikopo. Experiments at each location was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Stability analysis was performed using the AMMI model. Fruit weight, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant and total fruit weight per plant characters showed highly significant genotype x environment interactions. Variability due to the effect of GxE interaction based on a AMMI2 contributed by 88.50%. IPBT3, IPBT33, IPBT34, IPBT60 and Intan were stable genotypes under AMMI model.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a vegetable with high commercial value for fresh consumption and the manufacture of processed products. The potential of northern Mexico in the production of this vegetable is necessary to the formation of new genotypes of tomato and it is necessary to measure the genotype-environment (IG x A) interaction and determine the phenotypic stability of genotypes to the environmental fluctuations, the objectives of this work is focused to estimate the genotype-environment and stability of yield characteristics, physiological and quality of 25 tomato genotypes in three environments through the AMMI multivariate model interaction. Significant differences for quality variables (p< 0.01) in the IG x A were found AMMI The analysis result indicates that only two components explained 100% of the variation, with the experimental hybrid Q3 x R1 the best in terms the variables of quality and yield environments evaluation showed very different in their discrimination of genetic materials. Therefore it will be necessary to further assess these genotypes under different forms of production and environments so that the genes involved in the expression of the yield variables, physiological and quality go setting and the effect of the environment is minimized and so achieved genetic materials to suit different environments and high in nutritional compounds and food to enable this vegetable remain one of the most important national and global levels, El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es una hortaliza con un alto valor comercial para su consumo en fresco y en la manufactura de productos procesados. La potencialidad de la zona norte de México en la producción de esta hortalizas hace necesario la formación de nuevos genotipos de tomate y por ello es necesario medir la interacción genotipo-ambiente (IG x A) y así determinar la estabilidad fenotípica de los genotipos ante las fluctuaciones ambientales, los objetivos del presente trabajo se enfocaron a estimar la interacción genotipo-ambiente y estabilidad de características de rendimiento, fisiológicas y de calidad de 25 genotipos de tomate en tres ambientes a través del modelo multivariado AMMI. Se encontraron diferencias significativas para las variables de calidad (p< 0.01) en la IG x A, El resultado del análisis AMMI indica que solo dos componentes explicaron 100% de la variación existente, siendo el híbrido experimental Q3 x R1 el mejor en cuanto a las variables de calidad y rendimiento, los ambientes de evaluación mostraron ser muy diferentes en su discriminación de los materiales genéticos. Por lo cual será necesario seguir evaluando a estos genotipos bajo diferentes formas de producción y ambientes a fin de que los genes involucrados en la expresión de las variables de rendimiento, fisiológicas y de calidad se vayan fijando y que el efecto del ambiente se minimice y así logra materiales genéticos que se adapten a diferentes ambientes y con altos contenidos de compuestos nutritivos y alimenticios que permitan a esta hortaliza seguir siendo una de las más importantes a nivel nacional y mundial.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a vegetable with high commercial value for fresh consumption and the manufacture of processed products. The potential of northern Mexico in the production of this vegetable is necessary to the formation of new genotypes of tomato and it is necessary to measure the genotype-environment (IG x A) interaction and determine the phenotypic stability of genotypes to the environmental fluctuations, the objectives of this work is focused to estimate the genotype-environment and stability of yield characteristics, physiological and quality of 25 tomato genotypes in three environments through the AMMI multivariate model interaction. Significant differences for quality variables (p< 0.01) in the IG x A were found AMMI The analysis result indicates that only two components explained 100% of the variation, with the experimental hybrid Q3 x R1 the best in terms the variables of quality and yield environments evaluation showed very different in their discrimination of genetic materials. Therefore it will be necessary to further assess these genotypes under different forms of production and environments so that the genes involved in the expression of the yield variables, physiological and quality go setting and the effect of the environment is minimized and so achieved genetic materials to suit different environments and high in nutritional compounds and food to enable this vegetable remain one of the most important national and global levels, El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es una hortaliza con un alto valor comercial para su consumo en fresco y en la manufactura de productos procesados. La potencialidad de la zona norte de México en la producción de esta hortalizas hace necesario la formación de nuevos genotipos de tomate y por ello es necesario medir la interacción genotipo-ambiente (IG x A) y así determinar la estabilidad fenotípica de los genotipos ante las fluctuaciones ambientales, los objetivos del presente trabajo se enfocaron a estimar la interacción genotipo-ambiente y estabilidad de características de rendimiento, fisiológicas y de calidad de 25 genotipos de tomate en tres ambientes a través del modelo multivariado AMMI. Se encontraron diferencias significativas para las variables de calidad (p< 0.01) en la IG x A, El resultado del análisis AMMI indica que solo dos componentes explicaron 100% de la variación existente, siendo el híbrido experimental Q3 x R1 el mejor en cuanto a las variables de calidad y rendimiento, los ambientes de evaluación mostraron ser muy diferentes en su discriminación de los materiales genéticos. Por lo cual será necesario seguir evaluando a estos genotipos bajo diferentes formas de producción y ambientes a fin de que los genes involucrados en la expresión de las variables de rendimiento, fisiológicas y de calidad se vayan fijando y que el efecto del ambiente se minimice y así logra materiales genéticos que se adapten a diferentes ambientes y con altos contenidos de compuestos nutritivos y alimenticios que permitan a esta hortaliza seguir siendo una de las más importantes a nivel nacional y mundial.

Presence of GE interaction reduces the correlation between genotypic and phenotypic parameters and complicates progress of selection. Among several methods proposed for evaluation of the GE interaction, the AMMI model is one of the most commonly used. The objective of this study was to estimate the GE interaction in new barley lines using the AMMI model, and to identify winter barley genotypes with stable and high yield. Multi-location trials with 25 winter barley advanced lines were conducted at four locations. The AMMI model was used to estimate GE interaction. The AMMI analysis of variance indicated that the genotype, environment and GE interaction had significant influence (p lt 0,01) on barley grain yield. Based on AMMI method, G8 and G18 could be recommended for further testing due their high and stable yields., Interakcija GxE je izvor varijacije koji uključuje uticaj genotipa i faktora spoljašnje sredine, koji otežava izbor superiornih genotipova u procesu selekcije. AMMI analiza predstavalja metod koji se često koristi za ocenu interakcije genotip/sredina. Cilj ovog rada je ocena interakcije genotip/sredina pomoću AMMI modela, i identifikacija genotipova ozimog ječma sa visokim i stabilnim prinosom. Multilokacijski ogledi sa 25 superiornih linija ječma su posejani na četiri lokaliteta. AMMI analizom varijanse je utvrđeno da su genotip, sredina i interakcija genotip/ sredina imali signifikantan uticaj (p lt 0,01) na prinos ječma. Na osnovu AMMI analize, genotipovi G8 i G18 se mogu preporučiti za dalje testiranje usled njihovog visokog i stabilnog prinosa.

Some statistical analyses were employed to depict responses of genotype (G) on environment (E). Regression analysisreflects the average index of G x E to calculate the genotype responses to heterogenous environment. Regression deviationwas employed to count the stability of the result obtained through such a method, which, further be developed to testthe average effect of G x E through a combination of additive effects of multivariate analysis with multiplication effecton the primary component (AMMI model). Regression analysis showed that Ciherang, Hibrindo R1, IH806 hybrid wasmore superior than others in terms of stability andproduct adaptability, whereas IH805, IH808, and IH809, are specificfor locations Batang, Jember, Ngawi, and Madiun, respectively.

English: Genetic improvement of QPM can assist to better the livelihoods of resource poor communities and farmers in SA who rely on maize. QPM germplasm from the ARC-GCI was evaluated to generate information to assist breeders in improving the breeding programme through designing efficient selection procedures that will reduce the time and cost required to develop lines with improved nutritional quality; in the process benefiting small-scale farmers. Pollen parent effect was determined by selfing and cross-pollinating 12 QPM inbred lines for tryptophan content. The two pollination methods did not differ significantly for tryptophan content. Single ANOVAs detected genotypic differences for grain quality traits, while combined ANOVAs across eight environments detected highly significant genotype, environment and GEI effects for all traits except endosperm hardness. The AMMI and GGE biplot analyses explained more than 60% of GEI variation. GGE biplots were the best for visualisation of environments and cultivar performance. AMMI and GGE biplots were similar in identifying high performing genotypes for all traits except for oil content, and the most stable genotypes except for starch and tryptophan content. The GGE biplots identified the ideal genotypes as KO54W, KO54W, Hans Male, SO503W and CML144 for QI, tryptophan, protein, oil and starch content respectively. GGE biplots identified Cedara optimum N as the most representative and discriminating environment for QI, tryptophan and starch content, Tshiombo optimum N for protein and Potchefstroom optimum N for oil content. Twenty QPM and non-QPM genotypes were evaluated under low and optimum N conditions in two locations and highly significant environment effects were observed for all traits, whilst significant genotypic differences and GEI were observed for tryptophan content and QI. Most of the traits improved with increased N level. QPM varieties performed significantly better than non-QPM varieties for tryptophan con, Afrikaans: Genetiese verbetering van QPM kan bydra tot die verbetering van lewenskwaliteit van hulpbronarm gemeenskappe in SA wat afhanklik is van mielies. QPM kiemplasma van die LNR-SGI is geëvalueer om inligting te genereer wat telers kan help met die verbetering van teelprogramme deur effektiewe seleksieprosedures te ontwerp wat die tyd en koste vir die ontwikkeling van lyne met verbeterde voedingswaardes sal verminder, wat gelyktydig ook bestaansboere sal bevoordeel. Stuifmeelouer effekte is bepaal deur die self- en kruisbestuiwing van 12 QPM ingeteelde lyne vir triptofaan inhoud. Die twee bestuiwingsmetodes het geen betekenisvolle verskille vir triptofaan inhoud getoon nie. Enkel ANOVAs het genotipiese verskille getoon vir graankwaliteitseienskappe, terwyl gekombineerde ANOVAs oor agt omgewings hoogs betekenisvolle verskille getoon het vir genotipe, omgewing en GEI effekte vir alle eienskappe behalwe endosperm hardheid. Die AMMI en GGE “biplot” analises het meer as 60% van die GEI variasie verklaar. GGE “biplots” was die beste vir die visualisering van omgewings and cultivar prestasie. AMMI en GGE “biplots” was soortgelyk vir die identifikasie van hoogs produktiewe genotipes vir alle eienskappe behalwe stysel en triptofaan inhoud. GGE “biplots” het die mees ideale genotipes geïdentifiseer as KO54W, KO54W, Hans Male, SO503W en CML144 vir QI, triptofaan, proteïen, olie en stysel inhoud onderskeidelik. GGE “biplots” het Cedara optimum N as die mees verteenwoordigende en diskriminerende omgewing geïdentifiseer vir QI, triptofaan en stysel inhoud, Tshiombo optimum N vir proteïen, en Potchefstroom optimum N vir olie inhoud. Twintig QPM en nie-QPM genotipes is geëvalueer onder lae en optimum N omstandighede in twee omgewings, en hoogs betekenisvolle omgewingseffekte is gesien vir alle eienskappe, terwyl betekenisvolle genotipiese verskille en GEI gesien is vir triptofaan inhoud en QI. Meeste van die eienskappe het verbeter onder hoër N toestande. QPM genotipes het bet, National Research Foundation, ARC-GCI

The objective of this work was determine the adaptation of experimental maize hybrids in Costa Rica. Twenty four white grain experimental hybrids were evaluated in agroecological conditions of humid tropical forest during 2009-2011, at Concepción, Guagaral, Chánguena, El Águila, Veracruz, Los Chiles and Upala with temperatures between 26 and 35°C and rainfall between 2700-3200 mm, in order to evaluate its performance, yield and adaptation to major abiotic and biotic conditions. Trials were established in twelve locations using an alpha lattice design with three replications. The hybrids were evaluated in two planting cycles per location per year. The results of the combined analysis indicated significant differences between genotypes at 0.05, and AMMI-biplot graphs showed that the more stable materials were: CLQRCWQ121/ CLQRCWQ122)//CML491 (QPM); CML494/CML495 (Normal); (CLQRCWQ121/CLQRCWQ26)//CML491 (QPM); (CLQRCWQ121/CML502)//CML491 (QPM) with average yields of 9.3, 9.0, 8.7 and 8.8 t/ha, respectively. The locations where yield was higher were Guagaral and El Águila with 9.8 and 8.5 t/ha, respectively. As for the interaction of locations and genotypes, AMMI-biplots showed that locations Guagaral and El Águila offered more favorable growing conditions for the expression of the potential of the hybrids evaluated. Meanwhile, Veracruz and Concepción had less favorable growing conditions for the performance of the materials. AMMI analysis showed that PCA1 explains significantly genotype x environment interaction with a value of 62.1% in the test Gollob., El obje- tivo de este trabajo fue determinar la adaptación de híbridos experimentales de maíz en Costa Rica. Se evaluaron veinticuatro híbridos experimentales de grano blanco en las condiciones agroecológicas de bosque tropical húmedo, durante el período 2009-2011, en las localidades de Concepción, Guagaral, Chánguena, El Águila, Veracruz, Los Chiles y Upala, con temperaturas entre 26 y 35°C y una precipitación entre los 2700-3200 mm, esto con el fin de obtener el rendimiento y respuesta a los principales factores abióticos y bióticos. Se empleó un diseño de alfa látice con tres repeticiones. Los híbridos fueron evaluados en dos ciclos de siembra por localidad y por año. Los resultados del análisis combinado indicaron diferencias significativas al 0,05 entre genotipos y el gráfico del AMMI-biplot evidenció que los materia- les con mayor estabilidad fueron: CLQRCWQ121/CLQR- CWQ122)//CML491 (QPM); CML494/CML495 (Normal); (CLQRCWQ121/CLQRCWQ26)//CML491 (QPM); (CLQRCWQ121/CML502)//CML491 (QPM) con rendimientos promedio de 9,3; 9,0; 8,7 y 8,8 t/ha, respectivamente. Las localidades donde se obtuvo mayor rendimiento fueron El Águila y Guagaral, 9,8 y 8,5 t/ha, respectivamente. En cuanto a la interacción de localidades y genotipos el AMMI biplot mostró que El Águila y Guagaral tuvieron condiciones agroclimáticas más favorables para la expresión del potencial de los híbridos evaluados. Por su parte, Veracruz y Concepción presentaron condiciones agroclimáticas menos favorables para el desempeño de los materiales. La interacción genotipo x ambiente tuvo un valor de 62,1% en la prueba de Gollob.

The objective of this work was determine the adaptation of experimental maize hybrids in Costa Rica. Twenty four white grain experimental hybrids were evaluated in agroecological conditions of humid tropical forest during 2009-2011, at Concepción, Guagaral, Chánguena, El Águila, Veracruz, Los Chiles and Upala with temperatures between 26 and 35°C and rainfall between 2700-3200 mm, in order to evaluate its performance, yield and adaptation to major abiotic and biotic conditions. Trials were established in twelve locations using an alpha lattice design with three replications. The hybrids were evaluated in two planting cycles per location per year. The results of the combined analysis indicated significant differences between genotypes at 0.05, and AMMI-biplot graphs showed that the more stable materials were: CLQRCWQ121/ CLQRCWQ122)//CML491 (QPM); CML494/CML495 (Normal); (CLQRCWQ121/CLQRCWQ26)//CML491 (QPM); (CLQRCWQ121/CML502)//CML491 (QPM) with average yields of 9.3, 9.0, 8.7 and 8.8 t/ha, respectively. The locations where yield was higher were Guagaral and El Águila with 9.8 and 8.5 t/ha, respectively. As for the interaction of locations and genotypes, AMMI-biplots showed that locations Guagaral and El Águila offered more favorable growing conditions for the expression of the potential of the hybrids evaluated. Meanwhile, Veracruz and Concepción had less favorable growing conditions for the performance of the materials. AMMI analysis showed that PCA1 explains significantly genotype x environment interaction with a value of 62.1% in the test Gollob., El obje- tivo de este trabajo fue determinar la adaptación de híbridos experimentales de maíz en Costa Rica. Se evaluaron veinticuatro híbridos experimentales de grano blanco en las condiciones agroecológicas de bosque tropical húmedo, durante el período 2009-2011, en las localidades de Concepción, Guagaral, Chánguena, El Águila, Veracruz, Los Chiles y Upala, con temperaturas entre 26 y 35°C y una precipitación entre los 2700-3200 mm, esto con el fin de obtener el rendimiento y respuesta a los principales factores abióticos y bióticos. Se empleó un diseño de alfa látice con tres repeticiones. Los híbridos fueron evaluados en dos ciclos de siembra por localidad y por año. Los resultados del análisis combinado indicaron diferencias significativas al 0,05 entre genotipos y el gráfico del AMMI-biplot evidenció que los materia- les con mayor estabilidad fueron: CLQRCWQ121/CLQR- CWQ122)//CML491 (QPM); CML494/CML495 (Normal); (CLQRCWQ121/CLQRCWQ26)//CML491 (QPM); (CLQRCWQ121/CML502)//CML491 (QPM) con rendimientos promedio de 9,3; 9,0; 8,7 y 8,8 t/ha, respectivamente. Las localidades donde se obtuvo mayor rendimiento fueron El Águila y Guagaral, 9,8 y 8,5 t/ha, respectivamente. En cuanto a la interacción de localidades y genotipos el AMMI biplot mostró que El Águila y Guagaral tuvieron condiciones agroclimáticas más favorables para la expresión del potencial de los híbridos evaluados. Por su parte, Veracruz y Concepción presentaron condiciones agroclimáticas menos favorables para el desempeño de los materiales. La interacción genotipo x ambiente tuvo un valor de 62,1% en la prueba de Gollob.

The objective of this study was to identify the adaptability of twelve artemisia mutant genotypes, which were planted in three locations with different altitude, as a result of gamma irradiation. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was applied in this research with three replications as blocks. The genotypes 1B, 1C, 1D, 2, 3, 4, 5A, 6B, 7A, 8, 14, 15 and two control genotypes as parent genotype from seed and from in vitro were used. The genotypes were planted in three different locations such as Mount Putri, Cianjur (1450 m above sea level), Pacet, Cianjur (950 m above sea level) and Cicurug, Sukabumi (540 m above sea level). Based on the method of postdictive and predictive success, the model used was AMMI2 which was able to explain up to 100% of interaction-influenced variation. The genotypes which were found stabile and adaptive in these three locations were 1B, 1C, 1D, 6B and 15. Genotypes 3 and 7A were adaptive specifically in Pacet area, 5A was adaptive for Gunung Putri while genotype 4 was for Cicurug only.