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Item does not contain fulltext, The contribution of fungal infections to the morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected individuals is largely unrecognized. A recent meeting highlighted several priorities that need to be urgently addressed, including improved epidemiological surveillance, increased availability of existing diagnostics and drugs, more training in the field of medical mycology, and better funding for research and provision of treatment, particularly in developing countries.

During the ~8-year period between the 1991–93 and 2001 flank eruptions, the eruptive activity of Mt. Etna was confined to the summit craters. Deformation and tomography studies indicate that this activity was fed by a magma accumulation zone centered NE of the summit, at a depth of 5 to 9 km below sea level. The most significant gravity changes measured during the same period were induced by mass redistributions at shallower depth below the southeastern flank of the volcano, where minor ground deformation was observed (i.e., vertical displacements within 2 cm). The mismatch between the position of pressure and mass sources is difficult to explain under the assumption that both are directly related to magma dynamics. Past studies have suggested that the gravity changes observed during 1994–2001 may primarily reflect changes in the rate of microfracturing along the NNW–SSE fracture/weakness zone (FWZ) that crosses the SE slope of Etna. We use the finite element method to shed new light on the complex relations between stress, strain and mass changes that occurred at Etna during the studied period. In particular, following previous results on the degradation of the mechanical properties of rocks, we perform a set of simulations assuming that the part of the medium containing the FWZ is characterized by a lower Young's modulus than would be expected from interpolation of tomographic data. We find that the presence of the FWZ creates a distortion of the displacement field induced by the deeper pressure source, locally resulting in a weak extensional regime. This finding supports the hypothesis of a cause–effect relationship between pressurization beneath the NW flank and tensile extension beneath the SE slope of the volcano. We propose that this extensional regime enhanced the propagation of pressurized gas, that, in turn, amplified the tensile strain across the FWZ. We also find that decreasing the value of Young's modulus in the FWZ allows for a larger amount of extens

Item does not contain fulltext, The contribution of fungal infections to the morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected individuals is largely unrecognized. A recent meeting highlighted several priorities that need to be urgently addressed, including improved epidemiological surveillance, increased availability of existing diagnostics and drugs, more training in the field of medical mycology, and better funding for research and provision of treatment, particularly in developing countries.

Item does not contain fulltext, The contribution of fungal infections to the morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected individuals is largely unrecognized. A recent meeting highlighted several priorities that need to be urgently addressed, including improved epidemiological surveillance, increased availability of existing diagnostics and drugs, more training in the field of medical mycology, and better funding for research and provision of treatment, particularly in developing countries.

During the ~8-year period between the 1991–93 and 2001 flank eruptions, the eruptive activity of Mt. Etna was confined to the summit craters. Deformation and tomography studies indicate that this activity was fed by a magma accumulation zone centered NE of the summit, at a depth of 5 to 9 km below sea level. The most significant gravity changes measured during the same period were induced by mass redistributions at shallower depth below the southeastern flank of the volcano, where minor ground deformation was observed (i.e., vertical displacements within 2 cm). The mismatch between the position of pressure and mass sources is difficult to explain under the assumption that both are directly related to magma dynamics. Past studies have suggested that the gravity changes observed during 1994–2001 may primarily reflect changes in the rate of microfracturing along the NNW–SSE fracture/weakness zone (FWZ) that crosses the SE slope of Etna. We use the finite element method to shed new light on the complex relations between stress, strain and mass changes that occurred at Etna during the studied period. In particular, following previous results on the degradation of the mechanical properties of rocks, we perform a set of simulations assuming that the part of the medium containing the FWZ is characterized by a lower Young's modulus than would be expected from interpolation of tomographic data. We find that the presence of the FWZ creates a distortion of the displacement field induced by the deeper pressure source, locally resulting in a weak extensional regime. This finding supports the hypothesis of a cause–effect relationship between pressurization beneath the NW flank and tensile extension beneath the SE slope of the volcano. We propose that this extensional regime enhanced the propagation of pressurized gas, that, in turn, amplified the tensile strain across the FWZ. We also find that decreasing the value of Young's modulus in the FWZ allows for a larger amount of extens

We conducted a multicenter, hospital-based case-control study to identify specific characteristics of AIDS patients which determine referral to hospital care at home. The cases were patients referred to a hospital-based home care scheme, in the metropolitan area of Rome, during 1997. Each case was matched with two controls. Social, demographic and clinical characteristics were collected at referral. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed. In the study period, 119 cases and 238 controls were recruited. In logistic regression analysis, social characteristics were not found to affect referral to the hospital-at-home scheme. A severely impaired functional status--assessed by the Functional Independent Measure--identified by a score below 100 (Odds Ratio [OR]=15.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8-82.7), and the need for prolonged intravenous therapy (OR=12.4, 95% CI=3.3-46.3) were the only two independent predictors of home-care referral. We conclude that home care, even in a period when new potent combination antiretroviral therapies are widely available, is an important integrated service component for persons with AIDS with severe functional impairment or requiring intravenous therapy.

Vengono discusse le principali caratteristiche di una nuova metodologia per il calcolo dei meccanismi focali dei terremoti. Tale tecnica impiega sia i dati delle polarità dei primi impulsi delle onde P che le direzioni di polarizzazione delle onde S (Zollo e Bernard, 1991: De Natale et al., 1995). Vengono esaminate le condizioni specifiche per l'applicazione del nuovo algoritmo nell'area etnea e sono successivamente illustrati i risultati di alcuni test. Tali risultati sono posti a confronto con quelli provenienti dall'applicazione di un algoritmo standard che utilizza esclusivamente le polarità P (programma FPFIT, Reasenberg e Oppenheimer, 1985). Si rileva una sostanziale riduzione delle incertezze di calcolo nei parametri di faglia ottenuti con la nuova metodologia, e ciò costituisce una premessa importante per una definizione sempre più accurata dei campi di sforzo e deformazione nella regione.

Vengono discusse le principali caratteristiche di una nuova metodologia per il calcolo dei meccanismi focali dei terremoti. Tale tecnica impiega sia i dati delle polarità dei primi impulsi delle onde P che le direzioni di polarizzazione delle onde S (Zollo e Bernard, 1991: De Natale et al., 1995). Vengono esaminate le condizioni specifiche per l'applicazione del nuovo algoritmo nell'area etnea e sono successivamente illustrati i risultati di alcuni test. Tali risultati sono posti a confronto con quelli provenienti dall'applicazione di un algoritmo standard che utilizza esclusivamente le polarità P (programma FPFIT, Reasenberg e Oppenheimer, 1985). Si rileva una sostanziale riduzione delle incertezze di calcolo nei parametri di faglia ottenuti con la nuova metodologia, e ciò costituisce una premessa importante per una definizione sempre più accurata dei campi di sforzo e deformazione nella regione.