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Ghazwa B Korayem,1 Omar A Alshaya,2– 4 Sawsan M Kurdi,5 Lina I Alnajjar,1 Aisha F Badr,6 Amjaad Alfahed,1 Ameera Cluntun7 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 6Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 7Curriculum and Training Department, Health Academy, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Amjaad Alfahed, Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 11564 King Khalid International Airport, P.O. Box: 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 564321410, Email Aabaniali@pnu.edu.sa; Amjaad.abd@hotmail.comAbstract: Simulation-based education (SBE) is a fundamental teaching method that complements traditional teaching modalities. SBE has improved students’ knowledge, understanding, and numerous essential skills within undergraduate pharmacy education, similar to traditional teaching methods. However, SBE has become crucial for developing students’ teamwork, decision-making, and communication skills. Even though the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) has acknowledged the benefit of SBE in interprofessional education (IPE) and the introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE). This article provides evidence that SBE can be effective beyond that. This narrative review is focused on the literature related to SBE modalities and the assessment methods of student learning

Past studies on the mechanical properties of grout were critically investigated and classified. Grout samples were cast using a specially designed dog bone mould. Effects of curing time on tensile strength properties were investigated, using a universal tensile testing machine for curing times intervals ranging from 1 to 28 days. In addition, various percentages of fly ash were added to cube grout samples. Fly ash mixed samples were cured for different curing times and subsequently subjected to Uniaxial Compression Testing (UCS). It was found that tensile resistance of grout samples increased with respect to curing time. Moreover, it was concluded that addition of fly ash to grout mixture increased the uniaxial compression strength of grout samples.

This research focused on the investigation of tensile strength properties of Minova Stratabinder HS and BU 100 grout products which are widely used in Australian civil and mining industries. The study investigated the effect of different curing time on tensile load, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of Stratabinder HS and BU 100 grout samples. The grout samples were prepared based on water to grout ratio of 0.28 where 800 gm of grout were mixed with 0.28 liter of water. Accordingly, dog bone samples were prepared for both Stratabinder HS and BU 100 grout and cured for 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days curing periods. The experiment results showed that the tensile load resisting capacity and tensile strength increases with the increase of curing time for Stratabinder HS and BU 100 grout. The tensile strength increment rate was found higher for longer curing periods compared to small curing period. The highest 28 days tensile load resisting capacity and tensile strength for both Stratabinder HS and BU 100 grout is approximately 1.3 times the tensile strength of 1 day curing period. The tensile load resisting capacity and tensile strength for BU 100 grout was found approximately 79% higher than Stratabinder HS grout. Furthermore, the modulus of elasticity was found higher for Stratabinder HS for 21 days curing periods where for BU 100 it was found at 14 days. In addition to the above findings, further study can focus on the effect of different water to grout ratio on tensile strength properties to get better insight about characteristics of Stratabinder HS and BU 100 grout. In addition, study can be undertaken based on large scale cylinder sample to confirm the above findings of this study.

The chemical polymerization method was used to prepare a poly (o-toluidine) which was characterized by different techniques including (FTIR, XRD, SEM) while, blend polymer of poly (o-toluidine)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was made by mixing different volume ratios of PVA and POT (1:1, 1:2, 2:1)respectively. Thin films of the blend polymers were prepared by spin coating method on interdigitated fingers electrodes.