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CRUE-CSIC (Acuerdos Transformativos 2022), Resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins in Escherichia coli is mainly due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC cephalosporinases, which have been increasingly reported, mainly in isolates from humans and poultry. The aim of this study was to address the flow of antimicrobial resistance determinants in the full laying hen production cycle (four batches followed from day-old chicks to 83/84-week-old layers), using cephalosporinresistant E. coli as a model and their characterization using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Fifteen out of 22 samples analysed yielded growth on MacConkey agar with cefotaxime (1 mg/L). Of these, 141 isolates were identified as E. coli and 47 were characterized by WGS. Genes detected were three ESBL (blaCTX-M-1 (n = 19); blaCTX-M-14 (n = 1); and blaSHV-12 (n = 9)) and one AmpC (blaCMY-2 (n = 13)). Some isolates only harboured blaTEM-1B (n = 2) or blaTEM-1D (n = 1). IncI1 plasmids were the main platform for ESBL/AmpC genes. In addition, five clones were identified harbouring blaCTX-M-1 (two), blaSHV-12 (one) and blaCMY-2 (two), drawing a clone-plasmid mixed flow model. Gene blaCTX-M-1 was found in the chromosomal DNA of clone 1 over 14 months, and in IncI1/ST3 plasmids over six months; over six months blaSHV-12 was found harboured by clone 3 (IncI1/ST26 plasmids), and 15 months later in a non-replicon detected plasmid. Finally, blaCMY-2 spread for at least 16 months, mainly by IncK2 (including clone 4) and IncI1/ST12 (clone 5) plasmids. Proper use of antimicrobials should be combined with other farm management strategies for the effective control of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli isolates in commercial layer farms., Unión Europea. Horizonte 2020, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Depto. de Sanidad Animal, Fac. de Veterinaria, Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), TRUE, pub

Resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins in Escherichia coli is mainly due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC cephalosporinases, which have been increasingly reported, mainly in isolates from humans and poultry. The aim of this study was to address the flow of antimicrobial resistance determinants in the full laying hen production cycle (four batches followed from day-old chicks to 83/84-week-old layers), using cephalosporin-resistant E. coli as a model and their characterization using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Fifteen out of 22 samples analysed yielded growth on MacConkey agar with cefotaxime (1 mg/L). Of these, 141 isolates were identified as E. coli and 47 were characterized by WGS. Genes detected were three ESBL (blaCTX-M-1 (n=19); blaCTX-M-14 (n=1); and blaSHV-12 (n= 9)) and one AmpC (blaCMY-2 (n= 13)). Some isolates only harboured blaTEM-1B (n=2) or blaTEM-1D (n=1). IncI1 plasmids were the main platform for ESBL/AmpC genes. In addition, five clones were identified harbouring blaCTX-M-1 (two), blaSHV-12 (one) and blaCMY-2 (two), drawing a clone-plasmid mixed flow model. Gene blaCTX-M-1 was found in the chromosomal DNA of clone 1 over 14 months, and in IncI1/ST3 plasmids over six months; over six months blaSHV-12 was found harboured by clone 3 (IncI1/ST26 plasmids), and 15 months later in a non-replicon detected plasmid. Finally, blaCMY-2 spread for at least 16 months, mainly by IncK2 (including clone 4) and IncI1/ST12 (clone 5) plasmids. Proper use of antimicrobials should be combined with other farm management strategies for the effective control of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli isolates in commercial layer farms.

Phlebotomine sand flies are the only known vectors of Leishmania spp. protozoan which causes leishmaniasis in 98 countries. In Spain, 11 sand fly species are described, but only Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus ariasi are proven vectors of the disease. On the other hand, Sergentomyia minuta is one of the most abundant and ubiquitous sand flies in this territory, although scarce information is available about this species. Sand flies from this genus are known for their preference to feed on cold‐blooded animals and are traditionally involved in the transmission of reptile Leishmania. However, studies have suggested that Sergentomyia spp. could be implicated in the transmission of human pathogenic Leishmania. This study analyses blood meal preferences and Leishmania sp. infection of S. minuta sand flies from the largest human leishmaniasis outbreak in Europe. Sand flies were collected during entomological surveillance carries out from 2012 to 2017 in the active season of these dipterans, from May to October. Molecular detection of Leishmania spp. showed 68 positive specimens of S. minuta out of 377 (18%). The analysis of blood meal preferences by amplification of 359 bp fragment of cytochrome b gene revealed that blood preference of S. minuta is not only limited to reptiles, but they also feed on mammals, including humans. Results suggest the presence of a Leishmania sp., related to Leishmania tarentolae, cycle in S. minuta from the studied area. Although there is no evidence about its incrimination in the L. infantum transmission more investigation is needed to elucidate the intravectorial cycle of Leishmania spp. in S. minuta sand flies, their feeding behaviour and their potential contribution in Leishmania spp. epidemiology in the country., Este estudio demuestra la presencia de ADN de Leishmania sp., relacionada con Leishmania tarentolae, en especímenes de Sergentomyia minuta procedentes del área del brote de leishmaniasis de Fuenlabrada. También demuestra que esta especie de flebotomo se alimenta de mamíferos, además de reptiles. Aunque no existen evidencias sobre su incriminación en la transmisión de Leishmania infantum, los resultados de este trabajo sugieren la realización de nuevas investigaciones para determinar si en S. minuta se puede desarrollar el ciclo intravectorial de L. infantum y si este flebotomo puede actuar como vector de alguna especie de Leishmania en España, Comunidad de Madrid, Colegio de Veterinarios de Madrid, Colegio de Biólogos de Madrid, Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

El Proyecto de innovación parte de la necesidad, del profesorado que integra el Equipo, profesores de la Facultad de Educación-Centro de Formación del Profesorado- de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, de buscar procedimientos, viables y prácticos, para evaluar en el alumnado universitario el grado de adquisición de la competencia para el compromiso con la inclusión y la equidad, puesto que, desde ella, se puede apreciar también las actitudes hacia las personas con necesidades específicas de apoyo, no curricular. El objetivo es elaborar un instrumento para la evaluación de la competencia transversal: compromiso con la inclusión y la equidad, para lo que se elaboró una rúbrica de evaluación, organizada en tres dimensiones: 1) Equidad; 2) Pertenencia y, 3) Participación; y fue validada, utilizándose la técnica Delphi, por 10 expertos quienes ofrecieron sus opiniones sobre las dimensiones, descriptores e indicadores de ejecución de la rúbrica. Entre las conclusiones se destaca la sensibilidad positiva que el profesorado manifestadas en las acciones para la difusión del Proyecto.

El Proyecto de innovación parte de la necesidad, del profesorado que integra el Equipo, profesores de la Facultad de Educación-Centro de Formación del Profesorado- de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, de buscar procedimientos, viables y prácticos, para evaluar en el alumnado universitario el grado de adquisición de la competencia para el compromiso con la inclusión y la equidad, puesto que, desde ella, se puede apreciar también las actitudes hacia las personas con necesidades específicas de apoyo, no curricular. El objetivo es elaborar un instrumento para la evaluación de la competencia transversal: compromiso con la inclusión y la equidad, para lo que se elaboró una rúbrica de evaluación, organizada en tres dimensiones: 1) Equidad; 2) Pertenencia y, 3) Participación; y fue validada, utilizándose la técnica Delphi, por 10 expertos quienes ofrecieron sus opiniones sobre las dimensiones, descriptores e indicadores de ejecución de la rúbrica. Entre las conclusiones se destaca la sensibilidad positiva que el profesorado manifestadas en las acciones para la difusión del Proyecto., The Innovation Project is based on the need, of the faculty that integrates the Team, professors of the Faculty of Education-Teacher Training Center of the Complutense University of Madrid, to look for feasible and practical procedures to evaluate in the university student the degree of acquisition of competence for the commitment to inclusion and equity, since, from it, you can also appreciate the attitudes towards people with specific support needs, not curricular. The objective is to elaborate an instrument for the evaluation of transversal competence: commitment to inclusion and equity, for which an evaluation rubric was elaborated, organized in three dimensions: 1) Equity; 2) Membership and, 3) Participation; and it was validated, using the Delphi technique, by 10 experts who offered their opinions on the dimensions, descriptors and indicators of execution of the rubric. Among the conclusions highlights the positive sensitivity that the teachers manifested in the actions for the dissemination of the Project.