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Bakgrund: Den fysiska aktiviteten minskar både globalt och nationellt, vilket bidrar till ökad risk för ohälsa. Lite drygt två tredjedelar av barnen uppnår inte rekommendationen om 60 minuters fysisk aktivitet per dag. Barnets fysiska aktivitetsnivå påverkas bland annat av socioekonomiska och demografiska skillnader. Tidigare studier visar att sjuksköterskor inom barnhälsovården [BHV] upplevde ett behov av att ge stöd och stärka föräldrar för att främja hälsosamma levnadsvanor. Inom barnhälsovården behöver distriktssköterskan arbeta nyanserat, ha en personlig relation till familjen samt vara flexibel i sitt sätt att ge råd och stöd och möta familjens behov på individnivå. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att ge råd och stöd till föräldrar gällande barns fysiska aktivitet inom barnhälsovården. Metod: Studien har en induktiv kvalitativ ansats. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Åtta BHV-sjuksköterskor deltog i studien. En kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim och Lundman användes som analysmetod. Resultat: I resultatet framkom två huvudkategorier. Den första var Hinder och möjligheter där sjuksköterskorna beskrev bland annat tiden som ett hinder för att ge råd och stöd kring fysisk aktivitet men även att faktorer hos olika familjer påverkar behovet av råd och stöd. Det beskrevs även att mycket fokus lades på vilken typ av aktivitet som rekommenderades. Den andra kategorin var råd och stöd vilket innefattar att sjuksköterskorna hade olika förhållningsätt beroende på vilken familj de mötte och individanpassade besöket. De hade även olika verktyg för att ge individanpassade råd och stöd. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor upplevde att barn idag har svårare att utföra vissa motoriska moment än tidigare, och kopplade samman det med att den fysiska aktiviteten hos barn har minskat. Råd och stöd som ges anpassas utifrån individen. Generellt fokuserade sjuksköterskorna på att öka vardagsmotion och uteviste, Background: Physical activity is decreasing both globally and nationally, which contribute to increased risk for ill health. About 2/3 of children do not achieve the recommended 60 minutes of physical activity a day. A child’s physical activity levels are influenced by socio-economic and demographic differences, among other factors. Earlier studies show that child health care nurses felt the need to support and empower parents to promote healthy lifestyles. In child health care, the district nurse needs to work in anuanced way, have a personal relationship with the family, they need to be flexible in the way they give advice, support and meeting the family's needs on an individual basis. Aim: The aim was to describe nurses' experiences of giving advice and support to parents regarding children's physical activity in child health care. Method: The study has an inductive qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out using semi-structured interviews. Eight child health care nurses participated in the study. A qualitative manifest content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman was used as the method of analysis. Results: Two main categories emerged from the results. The first was Obstacles and opportunities where the nurses described, among other things, time as an obstacle to providing advice and support on physical activity but also that factors in different families affect the need for it. It was also described that much focus was placed on the type of activity recommended. The second category was advice and support, which means that the nurses had different approaches depending on which family they met and customized the visit. They also used different tools to provide individualized advice and support. Conclusions: Nurses felt that children today have more difficulty performing certain motor tasks than in the past and linked this to the decrease in physical activity in children.The advice and support given is adapted to the individual. In general, the

This article carries out an exhaustive analysis of the importance of accounting and tax advice in the context of promoting entrepreneurship. The main objective is to identify the impact of accounting and tax advice on the development, financial stability and sustainable growth of businesses. Using a qualitative methodological approach, a comparative analysis of different accounting and tax advice models used was carried out. by entrepreneurs at different stages of development of their businesses. This analysis allowed us to identify best practices and common challenges that entrepreneurs face in financial and tax matters. The results obtained revealed that access to solid advice in these areas can be a determining factor for the success of entrepreneurs. In addition, such advice helps to understand and comply with financial and tax obligations, as well as to make informed decisions that minimize costs and maximize tax savings opportunities, which has a positive impact on the future of the venture. Ultimately, it is highlighted that this type of advice is crucial for the sustainable development of new companies, as well as for the promotion of a more solid and resilient entrepreneurial ecosystem. Its benefits not only impact the individual growth of businesses, but also contribute to strengthening the business environment as a whole., El presente artículo realiza un análisis exhaustivo sobre la importancia del asesoramiento contable y tributario en el contexto del fomento del emprendimiento. El objetivo principal es Identificar el impacto del asesoramiento contable y tributario en el desarrollo, la estabilidad financiera y el crecimiento sostenible de los emprendimientos.. Utilizando un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, se llevó a cabo un análisis comparativo de diferentes modelos de asesoramiento contable y tributario utilizados por emprendedores en distintas etapas de desarrollo de sus negocios. Este análisis permitió identificar las mejores prácticas y los retos comunes a los que se enfrentan los emprendedores en materia financiera y fiscal. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que el acceso a un asesoramiento sólido en estas áreas puede ser un factor determinante para el éxito de los emprendedores. Además, dicho asesoramiento ayuda a comprender y cumplir con las obligaciones financieras y fiscales, así como a tomar decisiones informadas que minimicen costos y maximicen las oportunidades de ahorro fiscal, lo cual incide positivamente en el futuro del emprendimiento. En última instancia, se destaca que este tipo de asesoramiento es crucial para el desarrollo sostenible de las nuevas empresas, así como para la promoción de un ecosistema emprendedor más sólido y resiliente. Sus beneficios no solo impactan en el crecimiento individual de los emprendimientos, sino que también contribuyen al fortalecimiento del entorno empresarial en su conjunto.

The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) typically provides advice on fishing opportunities on a stock-by-stock basis. Nevertheless, levels of total allowable catch (TAC) are sometimes set for a collection of stocks and species (i.e. a common TAC). An explicit expectation of these is that landings will scale with ICES advice, especially when ICES advice is used to calculate the common TAC. This expectation is tested for skates and rays in the Northeast Atlantic, spanning 26 stocks, 8 species, and 3 ecoregions. Using ICES landings and ICES advice data from 2016 to 2022, we show that landings of several stocks and species have overshot their respective ICES advice, whereas others have undershot. Specifically, some stocks of blonde ray (Raja brachyura) in North Sea and Celtic Seas ecoregions are being landed at a rate that often exceeds double its ICES advice. By collating species based on their ICES assessment category and life-history traits, we find that those considered data-poor and potentially most vulnerable to fishing are consistently landed at higher-than-expected rates in the Celtic Seas. This study questions the appropriateness of a common TAC for skates and rays and calls for shifts towards the use of single-stock catch allocations and the application of advanced stock assessment methodologies.

[Resumen] El mecanismo de modificación estructural constituye un fenómeno altamente demandado actualmente por la sociedad mercantil, que le permite atender distintas necesidades empresariales, todas ellas sobre el denominador común de la reorganización y reestructuración societaria. Las cuestiones analizadas en este estudio responden al imperativo de dar respuesta a las necesidades que han manifestado distintas sociedades mercantiles en el correspondiente periodo de práctica letrada. Así, este estudio pretende incidir en la importancia de un asesoramiento letrado interdisciplinar sobre estas operaciones. Para ello, se partirá de una panorámica global en el ámbito mercantil sobre la modificación estructural, abarcando la configuración jurídica de la categoría, su concreción a través de los distintos mecanismos que la integran y la utilidad empresarial a la que responden. En un segundo escalón de análisis determinaremos el tratamiento fiscal que corresponde a las distintas operaciones de modificación estructural, deteniéndonos en la especialidad de la fusión y la escisión. Por último, haremos las correspondientes consideraciones finales en esta materia, para lo que se ha considerado una aplicación de las cuestiones tratadas en el estudio a través de nuestra práctica como letrados., [Abstract] The mechanism of structural modification is a phenomenon currently in high demand by the commercial company, which allows it to meet different business needs, all of them on the common denominator of corporate reorganization and restructuring. The issues analyzed in this study respond to the imperative of responding to the needs expressed by different commercial companies in the corresponding period of legal practice. Thus, this study aims to emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary legal advice on these operations. To this end, we will start with a global overview of structural modification in the commercial sphere, covering the legal configuration of the category, its concretion through the different mechanisms that comprise it and the business utility to which it responds. In a second step of analysis, we will determine the tax treatment that corresponds to the different operations of structural modification, focusing on the specialty of mergers and spin-offs. Finally, we will make the corresponding final considerations in this matter, for which we have considered an application of the issues dealt with in this study through our practice as lawyers.

In this paper the Judicial Commission provides general guidance for interpreting the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and specific assistance to authors, reviewers and editors of a Request for an Opinion, or of other suggestions related to the ICNP. The role of the Judicial Commission is recapitulated, particularly with respect to the processing of such Requests. Selected kinds of nomenclature-related proposals are discussed that are unsuitable as the basis for a Request. Particular emphasis is put on Requests for placing names or epithets on the list of nomina rejicienda, and a dichotomous identification key is provided to guide potential authors of a Request that targets the name of a species or subspecies because of issues with its type strain. To this end, the criteria for the valid publication of such names under the ICNP are revisited. Aspects of other kinds of Requests are also addressed. The study is based on a comprehensive review of all Judicial Opinions issued since the publication of the Approved Lists in 1980. One goal of this paper is to assist potential authors in deciding whether their concern should be the subject of a Request, and if so, in composing it with the greatest chance of success. It is also clarified how to obtain additional help regarding nomenclature-related issues.

Abstrakt Title: Advising companies on tax planning Introduction: In Sweden, there is an opportunity for small and medium- sized companies to make use of end-of-year dispositions, which are seen as a legal means of tax planning. When deciding on tax planning, companies can seek the help of an accountant who provides advice on matters relating to corporation tax. The motives of the companies stakeholders are also interesting to take into account when choosing tax planning. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how accountants give advice to small and medium-sized companies in tax planning and what motives the companies have for tax planning. This is to create greater insight and understanding of how companies plan tax based on different accounting theories. Method: The study used a qualitative method. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with respondents in Kalmar County. The collection was carried out with audit firms and small and medium-sized companies. Result: The accountant acts as a link in tax planning between the company and the owner. Closing dispositions are the SME approach to tax planning. When deciding on tax planning, the owner has the final mandate., Sammanfattning Titel: Att rådgiva företag vid skatteplanering Inledning: I Sverige finns möjligheten för små och medelstora företag att använda sig av bokslutsdispositioner viket ses som ett lagligt medel vid skatteplanering. Vid beslut om att skatteplanera kan företag ta hjälp av en revisor som ger rådgivning i frågor som berör bolagsskatten. Företagets intressenters motiv är intressanta att ta i beaktning vid valet att skatteplanera. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur revisorer ger rådgivning till små och medelstora företag vid skatteplanering samt vilka motiv företagen har till planering av skatten. Detta är för att skapa en större inblick och förståelse för hur företagen skatteplanerar utifrån olika redovisningsteorier. Metod: Studien har använt en kvalitativ metod. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med informanter i Kalmar län. Insamlingen genomfördes med revisionsbyråer samt små och medelstora företag. Slutsats: Revisorn fungerar som en länk i skatteplaneringen mellan företag och ägare. Bokslutsdispositioner är små och medelstora företags tillvägagångssätt i skatteplanering. Vid beslut om att skatteplanera har ägaren det slutliga mandatet.

It is important to recognize that, in many SMEs, the accounting and tax work is performed by a single person who may or may not have adequate experience or training to carry out these responsibilities efficiently and effectively. The research work will analyze the needs of professional profiles in the accounting and tax field in SMEs of the La Maná canton. The sample studied belonged to 191 SMEs established in the La Maná canton. For this, a quantitative approach was obtained, with a correlational scope because both variables were related, and an exploratory factor analysis method was applied. The results showed that only five of six established factors existed, giving an accumulated percentage of 83%. Finally, it was concluded that the owners or managers of SMEs should opt for hiring trained personnel to carry out their accounting and tax procedures because they can help keep the financial history of the organization in order and updated, complying with tax obligations and avoid problems including fraud that can be an exponential loss for SMEs., É importante reconhecer que, em muitas PMEs, o trabalho contábil e fiscal é realizado por uma única pessoa, que pode ou não ter a experiência ou o treinamento adequado para assumir essas responsabilidades de forma eficiente e eficaz. O trabalho de pesquisa analisará as necessidades dos perfis profissionais em contabilidade e tributação nas PMEs do cantão de La Maná. A amostra estudada foi composta por 191 PMEs estabelecidas no cantão de La Maná. Foi utilizada uma abordagem quantitativa, com um escopo correlacional porque ambas as variáveis estavam relacionadas e foi aplicado um método de análise fatorial exploratória. Os resultados mostraram que havia correlação apenas em cinco dos seis fatores estabelecidos, o que resultou em uma porcentagem cumulativa de 83%. Por fim, concluiu-se que os proprietários ou gerentes de PMEs devem optar pela contratação de pessoal treinado para realizar seus procedimentos contábeis e fiscais, pois isso pode ajudar a manter os registros financeiros da organização em ordem e atualizados, cumprindo as obrigações fiscais e evitando problemas, inclusive fraudes, que podem ser uma perda exponencial para as PMEs., Es importante reconocer que, en muchas pymes, el trabajo contable y tributario es realizado por una sola persona que puede tener o no tener experiencia o la capacitación adecuada para cumplir con estas responsabilidades de manera eficiente y efectiva. El trabajo de investigación va a analizar las necesidades de perfiles profesiones en el ámbito contable y tributario en las pymes del cantón La Maná. La muestra estudiada perteneció a 191 pymes constituidas en el cantón La Maná. Para ello, se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, con un alcance correlacional porque se relacionaron ambas variables y se aplicó un método de análisis factorial exploratorio. Los resultados arrojaron que existió correlación únicamente el cinco de seis factores establecidos dando un porcentaje acumulado del 83%. Finalmente, se concluyó que, los dueños o gerentes de las pymes deben optar por la contratación de personal capacitado para realizar sus procedimientos contables y tributarios porque puede ayudar a mantener los antecedentes financieros de la organización en orden y actualizados, cumpliendo con las obligaciones tributarias y evitar problemas incluyendo fraudes que puede ser una pérdida exponencial para las pymes.

Through the voices of 100 Spanish teachers from Early Childhood, Primary, Secondary and Higher Education who carry out inclusive practices, this study explores the recommendations of these professionals for other colleagues to be inclusive. We conducted a qualitative multicase study using semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed through an inductive category and coding system. The findings are presented based on four topics: teacher planning, methodologies, ethical and emotional competences, and training. The results show similarities and differences between the guidelines given at different educational levels. This research provides practical lessons and it highlights that it is possible to be inclusive at any educational stage.

Access to Higher Education Institutions requires students to undergo a process of transformation regarding reading, writing and oral practices. This adaptability and acculturation finds its response mainly in the writing of specialized academic texts, which are projected not only as a strategy for the acquisition of knowledge, but also as a representation of reasoning that allows communicating knowledge among subjects belonging to a specific academic community. Those who enter the university system still lack the necessary coordinates for the writing of scientific texts codified in discursive genres that present a specialist in the discipline as the ideal addressee. In view of this, one of the initiatives to promote the deployment of writing skills is the implementation of support devices such as mentoring, tutoring, and counseling. Within this framework, the objective of this article is to present some strategies that can be adopted by Higher Education Institutions to guide the acculturation process of students with respect to the writing of specialized academic texts. For this purpose, the narrative review method was used to build the general framework on the subject. In conclusion, it is stated that the current discussion does not revolve around whether it is appropriate or not to deal with writing in universities, but to determine how, who, where, and for what purpose to undertake this action., El acceso a Instituciones de Educación Superior demanda vivenciar por parte de los estudiantes un proceso de transformación respecto a prácticas de lectura, escritura y oralidad. Esta adaptabilidad y aculturación encuentra respuesta principalmente en la escritura de textos especializados académicos, los cuales se proyectan no solo como una estrategia para la adquisición de saberes, sino como una representación del razonamiento que permite comunicar conocimientos entre los sujetos pertenecientes a una comunidad académica específica. Quienes ingresan al sistema universitario carecen aún de las coordenadas necesarias para la redacción de textos científicos codificados en géneros discursivos que presentan como destinatario ideal un especialista de la disciplina. Ante aquello, una de las iniciativas para promover el despliegue de habilidades escritas es la implementación de dispositivos de acompañamiento como mentorías, tutorías y asesorías. En este marco, el objetivo del presente artículo será exponer algunas estrategias que pueden adoptar las Instituciones de Educación Superior para guiar el proceso de aculturación de los estudiantes con respecto a la escritura de textos especializados académicos. Para ello se empleó el método de revisión narrativa que ha permitido construir el encuadre general sobre el tema. En conclusión, se afirma que la actual discusión no gira sobre si es apropiado o no ocuparse de la escritura en las universidades, sino determinar cómo, quién, dónde y para qué emprender esta acción.

In this paper the Judicial Commission provides general guidance for interpreting the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and specific assistance to authors, reviewers and editors of a Request for an Opinion, or of other suggestions related to the ICNP. The role of the Judicial Commission is recapitulated, particularly with respect to the processing of such Requests. Selected kinds of nomenclature-related proposals are discussed that are unsuitable as the basis for a Request. Particular emphasis is put on Requests for placing names or epithets on the list of nomina rejicienda, and a dichotomous identification key is provided to guide potential authors of a Request that targets the name of a species or subspecies because of issues with its type strain. To this end, the criteria for the valid publication of such names under the ICNP are revisited. Aspects of other kinds of Requests are also addressed. The study is based on a comprehensive review of all Judicial Opinions issued since the publication of the Approved Lists in 1980. One goal of this paper is to assist potential authors in deciding whether their concern should be the subject of a Request, and if so, in composing it with the greatest chance of success. It is also clarified how to obtain additional help regarding nomenclature-related issues.

In this paper the Judicial Commission provides general guidance for interpreting the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) and specific assistance to authors, reviewers and editors of a Request for an Opinion, or of other suggestions related to the ICNP. The role of the Judicial Commission is recapitulated, particularly with respect to the processing of such Requests. Selected kinds of nomenclature-related proposals are discussed that are unsuitable as the basis for a Request. Particular emphasis is put on Requests for placing names or epithets on the list of nomina rejicienda, and a dichotomous identification key is provided to guide potential authors of a Request that targets the name of a species or subspecies because of issues with its type strain. To this end, the criteria for the valid publication of such names under the ICNP are revisited. Aspects of other kinds of Requests are also addressed. The study is based on a comprehensive review of all Judicial Opinions issued since the publication of the Approved Lists in 1980. One goal of this paper is to assist potential authors in deciding whether their concern should be the subject of a Request, and if so, in composing it with the greatest chance of success. It is also clarified how to obtain additional help regarding nomenclature-related issues.

The support offered to small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) comes in a variety of forms and has been at the core of small business studies during recent decades. Most of these studies have concentrated on development of best practices and the evaluation of governmental initiatives, which have increasingly focused on the use of different intermediaries as advisors for SMEs. Banks have rarely been discussed as sources of advice even though they have been found to be one of the most common sources of advice for SMEs. This study highlights the main variables leading to customer satisfaction regarding the advice provided by banks. By using a standardised survey, we study the relations of banks and SMEs based on three differentiating qualities of advice. These variables include the capability of the advisor in terms of understanding the specific needs of the SME, the commitment of the advisor to the relationship, and the use of non-standardized approaches in the interactions with the firm. By using these qualities banks are able to differentiate themselves from competitors and deepen the relationship between banks and SMEs. The hypotheses of the study were tested on a sample of 145 Swedish SMEs.

The aim of this essay is to try and describe the linguistic features, and the social practices, that characterize the so-called climate advice genre, as well as, how the genre seems to influence the recipients attitude, and potential actions, in Sweden. The goal is also to compare how imperative the different texts, and the genre, tend to be, based on modality. In this essay, eight different texts from authorities, non-profit organizations, commercial businesses, and municipalities, are compared with the goal of finding potential genre features. The result shows that a common sequence is hard to find when analyzing the texts, which means that the speech acts, generally, do not follow a distinct pattern. The most prominent genre features in the texts are, however, that the speech acts, claims and prompts are dominant. Claims often have the function of explaining why the prompts are worth accepting. It is also clear that headlines, with the function of a prompt, almost always, are concritiziced in a paragraph below. This is mostly done by using claims or other prompts. Henceforth, the commercial texts use modality metaphors the most, while some of the non-profit organizations, authorities, and municipalities, use prompts the most. This may potentially be due to the actors' different communicative goals, which means that a commercial business, and an authority, perhaps, communicate advice with different intentions. Therefore, a commercial business may try to mitigate their communication, trying not to “force” their customers to accept their advice, which can be perceived as presumptuous. This also means that an authority is “allowed” to use more face-threatening communication because of their communicative goal of informing the general public. In addition, the majority of the texts include a small amount of modal verbs and interpersonal sentence adverbials. They also have a low degree of demand. In fact, this leads us to the conclusion that the climate advice genre ten

Introduktion: Kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer [VNR]söker ofta sjukvård, detta ger vårdpersonal en unik möjlighet och ett stort ansvar att fånga upp och hjälpa dem. Därför är det väsentligt att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av vården och identifiera önskat bemötande. Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer upplever bemötandet av vårdpersonal, samt hur de önskar att bli bemötta angående sin situation. Metod: Detta är en deskriptiv litteraturstudie som granskat kvalitativa originalartiklar. Efter kvalitetsgranskning valdes tio studier som svarade mot studiens syfte. Efter noggrann genomläsning och diskussion utformades ett resultat med två teman och flera kategorier. Resultat: Kvinnorna beskrev främst barriärer de upplevt i mötet med vårdpersonal. Dessa barriärer började redan innan mötet med rädsla för vad som kunde hända om de sökte hjälp. Stress, tidsbrist och bristande kontinuitet i mötet med vården förhindrade uppbyggnad av den förtroendeingivande relation som beskrevs som essentiell för att kvinnan skulle känna trygghet. Kvinnorna upplevde även olika faser i hur redo de var att berätta och hantera våldsutsattheten. Skam, skuld och informationsbrist var andra barriärer. Rätt information vid rätt tidpunkt begränsade informationsbristen. Planscher och broschyrer på toaletter, i väntrum och i mottagningsrum upplevdes väldigt uppskattat. Direkta frågor och en motivering till varför frågan ställdes uppskattades av majoriteten av de studerade kvinnorna. Slutsats: I bemötandet av vården upplevde kvinnorna en mängd barriärer. Dessa kan överkommas med rätt information, en trygg miljö och en icke dömande och kontinuerlig personal-patientrelation, där kvinnans autonomi respekteras., Introduction: Women exposed to Intimate Partner Violence [IPV] often seek medical care, which gives healthcare providers [HCP] a unique opportunity and a great responsibility to help. The aim of this study was to describe how women exposed to IPV experience encounters with HCP and how they want these encounters to be. Method: This is a descriptive study that examines qualitative original articles. After quality reviewing, ten articles that met the study criteria were chosen. The articles were independently read and then discussed to form a result, consisting of two themes and several categories. Result: The women primarily described experiences of different obstacles they faced in the encounter with HCP. These obstacles started with fear for what could happen if they disclosed the violence. Shame, guilt and lack of information were other barriers. Stress, lack of continuity and of time hindered the essential patient-provider relationship from growing. The women also experienced different stages of readiness in dealing with the IPV. Adequate information at the right time and in the right way could reduce the lack of information. Posters and brochures in waitingrooms, bathrooms and meeting rooms were appreciated. A majority of the studied women appreciated direct questions as well as a motivation why they were asked. Conclusion: The women experienced obstacles when meeting HCP. These obstacles could be overcome through correct information, a safe environment, and a safe, non-judgemental patient-provider relationship, where the women’s autonomy is respected.

Parent-to-parent support is an important component of early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) programs for deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children. In this study, we asked parents of DHH children what advice they would give to new parents in their situation. Seventy-one hearing parents of DDH children living in Canada, Switzerland, France, and Belgium participated in interviews that included the following question: “What advice you would give to parents who just learned that their child is deaf?”. We performed a thematic analysis and developed three overarching themes, revolving around the importance of trust, the need for reassurance, and finally, the quest for help. The findings allow to better understand how parental expertise can be used to improve early intervention services for DHH children.

När konkurrensen i olika branscher ökar blir goda kundrelationer allt viktigare, inte minst i revisionsbranschen som på senaste årtionden har präglats av stark konkurrens och mättnad. Revisionen i sig har börjat betraktas som alltmer oviktig och många klienter efterfrågar även tjänster som skapar mervärde. En bristande revisor-klientrelation har visats sig vara en nyckelfaktor till varför klienter väljer att byta revisor. Detta innebär att det är viktigt för revisorn att veta vad klienterna förväntar sig i relationen. Genom att känna till klienternas förväntningar ökar chanserna att kunna bemöta dessa. I vilken grad revisorn lever upp till klientens förväntningar påverkar även klientens uppfattning av tjänstekvaliteten. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur revisorer och klienter upplever skillnaden i förväntningarna på relationen. Genom tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med både revisorer och deras klienter har det påvisats att revisorerna generellt har en god uppfattning om vad klienter förväntar sig i relationen. Klienternas förväntningar varierar beroende på storleken på klientens bolag. Studien påvisar en tendens att ju större klientens bolag är, desto bättre uppfattning har klienterna kring revisorns roll och även motsvarande förväntningar. Trots att revisorerna verkar ha en god uppfattning om vad klienterna förväntar sig är det inte alltid de lever upp till dessa. Större bolag med egen redovisningskompetens förväntar sig inte särskilt mycket av revisorn, men prioriteras samtidigt högt av revisorerna på grund av deras storlek. Mindre bolag som förväntar sig mycket råd och stöttning av sin revisor kan bortprioriteras vid tidsbrist., As competition in various industries increases, good customer relationships become increasingly important, not least in the auditing industry, which in recent decades has been characterized by strong competition and saturation. The audit itself has begun to be considered increasingly unimportant and many clients also demand services that create added value. A lack of an auditor-client relationship has proven to be a key factor in why clients choose to change auditors. This means that it is important for the auditor to know what the clients expect in the relationship. Knowing clients' expectations increases the chances of being able to meet them. The extent to which the auditor lives up to the client's expectations also affects the client's perception of the quality of service.The purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of how auditors and clients experience the difference in expectations of the relationship. Through ten semi-structured interviews with both auditors and their clients, it has been shown that the auditors generally have a good idea of ​​what clients expect in the relationship. Clients' expectations vary depending on the size of the client's company. The study shows a tendency that the larger the client's company, the better the clients' perception of the auditor's role and the corresponding expectations. Although the auditors seem to have a good idea of ​​what the clients expect, they do not always live up to these. Larger companies with their own accounting expertise do not expect much from the auditor but are also given high priority by the auditors due to their size. Smaller companies that expect a lot of advice and support from their auditor can be de-prioritized in the event of a lack of time.

The use of preprints, research manuscripts shared publicly before completing the traditional peer-review process, is becoming a more common practice among life science researchers. Early-career researchers (ECRs) benefit from posting preprints as they are shareable, citable, and prove productivity. However, preprinting a manuscript involves a discussion among all co-authors, and ECRs are often not the decision-makers. Therefore, ECRs may find themselves in situations where they are interested in depositing a preprint but are unsure how to approach their co-authors or advisor about preprinting. Leveraging our own experiences as ECRs, and feedback from the research community, we have constructed a guide for ECRs who are considering preprinting to enable them to take ownership over the process and to raise awareness about preprinting options. We hope that this guide helps ECRs to initiate conversations about preprinting with co-authors and encourage them to preprint their future research.

Despite the social and cultural changes, adolescence always appears as an evolutionary cycle full of controversies, rebellions, confrontations, provocations, idealization, and de-idealization. This period of great hormonal revolution and abrupt growth of a child's body also implies relational conflicts with the environment and relationships, mainly with the closest ones: the parents. The present article shows the synthesis of 80 interviews with therapists from Buenos Aires and Great Buenos Aires. They were asked about what would be their five main advice to teenagers’ parents who want to improve the relationship with their sons/daughters. The advice was manually selected and reunited in 35 tips forming a guide with explanations of each one. Cite this paper: Ceberio, Marcelo R.; Nicolás, Florencia; Elgier, Angel; (2022). "Advice-guide to teen’s parents: Therapists’ suggestions to improve the bond" Journal of Social Sciences: Transformations & Transitions (JOSSTT) 2 (03):11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52459/josstt23110122

The article aims to rescue the historical contributions of the Extension Program: Nucleus of Studies, Research, Extension and Advice on Childhood and Adolescence (NEPIA) of the State University of Ponta Grossa, both in the process of professional training of academics and teachers, as in the advisory municipalities in the Campos Gerais Region (PR). NEPIA seeks to contribute to the strengthening of the System for the Guarantee of the Rights of Children and Adolescents, through advisory services, courses and events with a view to the continued training of professionals in different public policies, in addition to training guardianship counselors and rights counselors. The text was built through bibliographic research, focusing on the relationship between university extension and community advisory processes. Documentary research was also used through the reports of extension projects developed over the 25 years of existence of the Nucleus, which bring testimonies about the impact of extension actions in the region., O artigo tem por objetivo resgatar as contribuições históriicas do Programa de Extensão: Núcleo de Estudos, Pesquisa, Extensão e Assessoria sobre Infância e Adolescência (NEPIA) da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa tanto no processo de formação profissional de acadêmicos e docentes, como na assessoria aos municípios da Região dos Campos Gerais (PR). O NEPIA busca contribuir com o fortalecimento do Sistema de Garantia dos Direitos de Crianças e Adolescente, através de assessoria, cursos e eventos com vistas a formações continuada de profissionais de diferentes políticas públicas, além de capacitar conselheiros tutelares e conselheiros dos direitos. O texto foi construído através da pesquisa bibliográfica, com enfoque na relação entre extensão universitária e os processos de assessoria comunitária. Também se utilizou da pesquisa documental através dos relatórios dos projetos de extensão desenvolvidos ao longo dos 25 anos de existência do Núcleo, que trazem depoimentos sobre o impacto das ações extensionistas na região., El artículo tiene como objetivo rescatar las contribuciones históricas del Programa de Extensión: Núcleo de Estudios, Investigación, Extensión y Asesoramiento sobre la Infancia y la Adolescencia (NEPIA) de la Universidad Estadual de Ponta Grossa, tanto en el proceso de formación profesional de académicos y docentes, como en los municipios asesores de la Región de Campos Gerais (PR). NEPIA busca contribuir al fortalecimiento del Sistema de Garantía de los Derechos de la Niñez y la Adolescencia, a través de asesorías, cursos y eventos con miras a la formación continua de los profesionales en las diferentes políticas públicas, además de la formación de consejeros de tutela y derechos. consejeros El texto fue construido a través de una investigación bibliográfica, centrándose en la relación entre la extensión universitaria y los procesos de asesoría comunitaria. También se utilizó la investigación documental a través de los relatos de los proyectos de extensión desarrollados a lo largo de los 25 años de existencia del Núcleo, que traen testimonios sobre el impacto de las acciones de extensión en la región.

There is currently no treatment for early/intermediate Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) but Eye Care Professionals (ECPs) are recommended to advise patients about modifiable lifestyle factors, including dietary changes, that can slow disease progression. The aim of this review was to understand advice currently given to patients with AMD by ECPs and to evaluate evidence regarding patient compliance. A systematic review was conducted of literature published in electronic databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PyscARTICLES, EMBASE, AMED. Methods followed PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020223724). Twenty-four reports were eligible for inclusion, 12 focused on ECP experience, 7 on patient experience, and 6 on impact of advice (one paper reported on the ECP and patient experience). Studies reported that a substantial proportion of patients did not recall receiving lifestyle modification advice from their ECP (57.95%, range 2–95% across patient based studies). Practitioners were most likely to provide advice about nutritional supplements (80%, range 67–93% across ECP studies), and least likely about smoking (44%, range 28–71% across ECP studies), however supplements advised did not always comply with evidence-based guidelines. The main reason for patients not following lifestyle advice was lack of provision by the ECP (54.5%, range 21–94% across studies on the impact of advice). The review highlighted a need for more studies to understand patient preferences for receiving advice and research on ECP perceived barriers to advice provision., S.D. is funded by The Macular Society, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Being a parent of a child with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a disease that causes progressive muscle weakness, involves a range of challenges. The purpose of this study was to explore what advice parents of children with severe SMA, in absence of effective therapies, would like to give to other parents. The study derives from two nationwide parental surveys in Sweden and Denmark where content analysis was used to analyse one open-ended question about parents’ advice to other parents. Of eligible parents, n=113, (parents of children diagnosed with SMA type 1 or 2, for whom respiratory support was considered during first year of life), 95 participated in the study (response-rate: 84%), and 81 gave written advice. The advice covered coping with everyday life with the ill child, involvement in care of the child, and existential issues of living with and losing a child with SMA. Parents highlighted leading normal lives insofar as possible, e.g., by trying to see the healthy aspects in the child, not only focusing on care and treatment. The advice can be related to resilience strategies for parents with a child with severe SMA which can help healthcare professionals and others to support parents in similar situations., Publication status in dissertation: Submitted

Objective:A high-fibre diet is associated with a lower risk for diseases. However, few adults meet the dietary fibre recommendation. Therefore, the effects and acceptance of an algorithm-generated personalised dietary advice (PDA) compared with general advice (GA) on fibre intake were investigated.Design:A 6-week, single-blind randomised controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up.Setting:PDA was based on habitual intake and provided fibre-rich alternatives using a website; GA contained brochures. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline, week 1, week 6 and 3-month follow-up. Both groups evaluated their advice at week 6. All participants had access to PDA from week 7 until 3-month follow-up.Participants:Two groups of healthy adults: PDA (n 34) and GA (n 47). For 3-month follow-up analysis, participants were re-divided into visitors (n 52) and non-visitors (n 26) of the PDA.Results:At week 6, energy intake remained stable in both groups, but fibre intake per 1000 kcal increased non-significantly in both groups (PDA = Δ0·5 ± 2·8; GA = Δ0·8 ± 3·1, P = 0·128). Importantly, a significantly higher percentage of PDA participants adhered to the recommendation compared with week 1 (PDA = 21 % increase; GA = 4 % increase, P ≤ 0·001). PDA participants evaluated the advice significantly better compared with GA participants. At 3-month follow-up, fibre intake increased compared with baseline (visitors = Δ2·2 ± 2·6, P < 0·001; non-visitors = Δ1·5 ± 1·9, P = 0·001), but was insignificantly different between groups. Visitors had a decrease and non-visitors had an increase in energy intake (visitors =Δ- 132 ± 525; non-visitors = Δ109 ± 507, P = 0·055).Conclusions:The algorithm-generated PDA was well accepted and stimulated adherence to the recommendations more than GA, indicating to be a suitable and cost-efficient method for improving dietary fibre intake in healthy adults.

Background: Oral health is an essential aspect of overall health. A national epidemic of poor oral health outcomes exists among those living under poverty, the elderly and several minority groups. Tobacco use and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are preventable risk factors that contribute to poor oral health. Dental providers are considered a primary line of defense to deliver tobacco cessation and SSB consumption interventions. This study seeks to examine the prevalence and predictors of receiving such interventions in the dental setting in two counties in California’s Central Valley.Methods:  Data for 419 participants used in this cross-sectional study were collected throughout Madera and Stanislaus counties. Sociodemographic and dental health characteristics were used to examine their effect on the receipt of advice about tobacco cessation and the consumption of SSBs by a dental provider. A series of logistic regression models were constructed to define what characteristics influenced the odds of receipt of advice in such setting.Results: Among the overall total of participants included in this analysis, 32% indicated the receipt of advice about tobacco cessation while 53% indicated the receipt of SSB advice by their dental health provider. Measures such as teeth appearance satisfaction, employment, and county of residence had significant effects on the odds of the receipt of tobacco cessation advice. While measures for perception of the importance of preventative visits to the dentist, dental appearance satisfaction, reason for dental visit, tooth flossing frequency, Denti-Cal insurance and being 65 years or older were significant in predicting the odds of receiving SSB consumption advice.Conclusion:  There is a need of implementing system changes within the dental practice to ensure that all patients get tobacco and SSB related interventions.

Background: Early lifestyle intervention, including antenatal nutrition education, is required to reduce the triple burden of malnutrition. Understanding healthcare professionals’ views and experiences is essential for improving future nutrition education programmes for Indonesian pregnant women. This study aimed to investigate the views of Indonesian antenatal healthcare professionals regarding nutrition education for pregnant women and the improvements required to provide more effective antenatal nutrition education. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews was conducted with 24 healthcare professionals, including nutritionists ( n = 10), midwives ( n = 9) and obstetricians ( n = 5) in Malang, Indonesia, between December 2018 and January 2019. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The study identified four main themes. First, healthcare professionals were aware of the importance of providing antenatal nutrition education, which included supporting its targeted delivery. Second, there were differing views on who should provide nutrition education. Most midwives and obstetricians viewed nutritionists as the prime nutrition education provider. Nutritionists were confident in their capability to provide nutrition education. However, some nutritionists reported that only a few women visited primary health centres and received nutrition counselling via this pathway. Third, healthcare professionals revealed some barriers in providing education for women. These barriers included a limited number of nutritionists, lack of consistent guidelines, lack of healthcare professionals’ nutrition knowledge and lack of time during antenatal care services. Fourth, participants expressed the need to strengthen some

Advice processes are omnipresent in our professional and private lives. We use a laboratory experiment to study how gender and gender matching affect advice giving and how gender matching affects advice following about entry into a real-effort tournament. For advice giving we find that women are less likely than men to recommend tournament entry to advisees than are intermediate performers. Furthermore, women maximize less often the expected earnings of advisees than intermediate performers. For advice following we find that men enter the tournament significantly more often than women in the intermediate-performance group do. Gender matching does not seem to affect advice giving or following. Overall, when it is less clear what the better advice or decision is, gender differences emerge. These results are consistent with findings in other areas that document that gender differences emerge in situations that are more ambiguous.

The recent increase in effectuation research shows the popularity and potential of this body of knowledge. This new paradigm is trying to challenge the established traditional causal knowledge, taught in many MBA and higher education courses. As attractive as effectuation- might be, it is necessary to acknowledge the importance of the traditional knowledge, such as causation. In this study we focus on understanding how expert entrepreneurs -those individuals who deal and use these effectuation and causation dimensions in their daily routines- give advice to new upcoming entrepreneurs, in addition to investigating if and how they combine both dimensions in their decision-making advice to achieve more well-rounded and supported recommendations. This was done in this empirical study through the exploratory analysis of internet sourced interviews with expert entrepreneurs about how to become an entrepreneur or how to start a business. We find that expert entrepreneurs tend to give advice to new entrepreneurs in an effectual manner. Furthermore, our study contributes to extent knowledge by offering a new approach to effectual studies based on previously validated methods with the introduction of a new database and perspective. In addition, we explore the distribution within the entrepreneurial population when it comes to advice-giving.

Wetlands are commonly known for providing a number of key functions. In the context of Swedish agricultural landscapes, the ability of wetlands to enhance nutrient retention and provide habitats for biodiversity has long been recognized. Nevertheless, many wetlands in Sweden have been lost or damaged due to drainage activities, and there is a need for scaling up the implementation of wetlands. The possibilities to reach wetland implementation goals in Sweden highly depend on voluntary participation by farmers and landowners. In order to enable and encourage landowners and managers to create and manage wetlands, the access to information, support and advice is considered to be vital. One way to provide support is through farm advisory services, such as the project ‘Greppa Näringen’ (GN) in Sweden, in which advice on, among other things, wetland creation and maintenance is offered. However, to date there is relatively little research on how such advisory systems work in practice and what potential barriers there are to their success. This thesis aims at investigating how wetland advisors perceive their role in enabling and encouraging landowners in wetland implementation. It also aims at revealing what barriers the advisors experience and what potential improvements they believe are necessary in order to aid them in their mission and, in turn, promote wetland implementation. This is achieved by conducting semi-structured interviews with 14 wetland advisors within GN. The findings are then analyzed in relation to ideas on knowledge, motivation, dialogue, mutual learning and trust, which previous scholars have identified as key components in the interaction between advisors and farmers. The results show that the wetland advisors draw and refine their knowledge from an array of sources, such as written articles and reports, interaction with other stakeholders, and personal experience of wetland creation and maintenance. Moreover, in their mission to enable and encourage

A new promising approach to program development has been considered – aspect-oriented programming, intended for automated adding to the target applications of crosscutting functionality. The article presents the application of an aspect-oriented approach for creating logging in the e-commerce system.

Educational advice has been presented as an element of improvement for the centers and a tool to support them in their work to develop their potential with excellence. With the idea of highlighting the relevance of this issue in the educational field, a systematized review of literature has been carried out in order to explore, analyze and expose the scientific research that has been developed around advice and how it is translated through its process. To this end, they will realize the objectives set out by a qualitative methodology where inductive analysis through the informed theory will be the basis for the realization of this article. Finally, they realize the findings highlighting the quality educationalresponse of establishing counselling plans in schools, A assessoria educacional tem sido apresentada comoelemento de melhoria para os centros e uma ferramenta para apoiá-los em seu trabalho para desenvolver seu potencial com excelência. Com a ideia de destacar a relevância dessa questão no campo educacional, foi realizada uma revisão sistematizada da literatura com o objetivo de explorar, analisar e expor as pesquisas científicas que vêm sendo desenvolvidas em torno de assessoria e como ela é traduzida através de seu processo. Para isso, eles realizarão os objetivos estabelecidos por uma metodologia qualitativa onde a análise indutiva através da teoria informada será a base para a realização deste artigo. Por fim, percebem os achados destacando a resposta educacional de qualidade do estabelecimento de planos de aconselhamento nas escolas, El asesoramiento educativo se ha presentado como un elemento de mejora para los centros y una herramienta de apoyo para ellos en su labor para desarrollar sus potencialidades con excelencia. Con idea de destacar la relevancia de esta cuestión en el ámbito educativo, se ha realizado una revisión sistematiza de literatura con el fin de explorar, analizar y exponer la investigación científica que se ha desarrollado en torno al asesoramiento y cómo se plasma mediante su proceso. Para ello, se darán cuenta de los objetivos planteados mediante una metodología cualitativa donde el análisis inductivo mediante la teoría fundamentada serán la base para la realización del presente artículo. Para finalizar, se dan cuenta de las conclusiones destacando la respuesta educativa de calidad que supone establecer planes de asesoramiento en los centros educativos

Decision makers and forecasters often receive advice from different sources including human experts and statistical methods. This research examines, in the context of stock price forecasting, how the apparent source of the advice affects the attention that is paid to it when the mode of delivery of the advice is identical for both sources. In Study L two groups of participants were given the same advised point and interval forecasts. One group was told that these were the advice of a human expert and the other that they were generated by a statistical forecasting method. The participants were then asked to adjust forecasts they had previously made in light of this advice. While in both cases the advice led to improved point forecast accuracy and better calibration of the prediction intervals, the advice which apparently emanated from a statistical method was discounted much more severely. In Study 2, participants were provided with advice from two Sources. When the participants were told that both sources were either human experts or both were statistical methods, the apparent statistical-based advice had the same influence on the adjusted estimates as the advice that appeared to conic from a human expert. However when the apparent Sources of advice were different, much greater attention was paid to the advice that apparently came from a human expert. Theories of advice utilization are used to identify why the advice of a human expert is likely to be preferred to advice from a statistical method. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley ; Sons, Ltd.

Decision makers and forecasters often receive advice from different sources including human experts and statistical methods. This research examines, in the context of stock price forecasting, how the apparent source of the advice affects the attention that is paid to it when the mode of delivery of the advice is identical for both sources. In Study L two groups of participants were given the same advised point and interval forecasts. One group was told that these were the advice of a human expert and the other that they were generated by a statistical forecasting method. The participants were then asked to adjust forecasts they had previously made in light of this advice. While in both cases the advice led to improved point forecast accuracy and better calibration of the prediction intervals, the advice which apparently emanated from a statistical method was discounted much more severely. In Study 2, participants were provided with advice from two Sources. When the participants were told that both sources were either human experts or both were statistical methods, the apparent statistical-based advice had the same influence on the adjusted estimates as the advice that appeared to conic from a human expert. However when the apparent Sources of advice were different, much greater attention was paid to the advice that apparently came from a human expert. Theories of advice utilization are used to identify why the advice of a human expert is likely to be preferred to advice from a statistical method. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley ; Sons, Ltd.

The Benchmark Workshop on the application of SPiCT to produce MSY advice for selected stocks (WKMSYSPiCT) is a unique benchmark in that it is ICES first effort to provide MSY advice for category 3 stocks and it incorporated model learning sessions, with model developers and stock assessors, carried out prior to the data evaluation meeting. Thirteen stocks, including nine de-mersal fish stocks and four Functional Units of Nephrops (Nephrops norvegicus), pertaining to four ICES Assessment Working Groups (WGNSSK, WGDEEP, WGCSE and WGBIE), were selected based on the availability of appropriate data and network capacity. Stock assessments using the Surplus Production in Continuous Time (SPiCT) were successful for two demersal stocks, Me-grim (Lepidorhombus spp.) in Division 6.b (lez.27.6b) and Black-bellied anglerfish (Lophius bude-gassa) in divisions 8.c and 9.a (ank.27.8c9a) and for three Functional Units of Nephrops, Norway lobster FU 25 (nep.fu.25), Norway lobster FU 26–27 (nep.fu.2627) and Norway lobster FU 31 (nep.fu.31). WKMSYSPiCT considered that the stocks´ current category could be upgraded since the methodology is appropriate to determine stock status and a short-term catch forecast. Several model configurations were applied for the two Tusk (Brosme brosme) stocks, Tusk in subareas 1 and 2 (usk.27.1-2) and Tusk in subareas 4 and 7-9, and in divisions 3.a, 5.b, 6.a, and 12.b (usk.27.3a45b6a7-912b) and for Norway lobster FU 28–29 (nep.fu.2829), but the available data did not allow to distinguish between two very different stock status. For Pollock (Pollachius pol-lachius) in Subarea 8 and Division 9.a (pol.27.89a), no model configuration passed diagnostics tests. The extensive exploration of input data and model configurations carried out during the workshop resulted in several recommendations regarding the use of historical catches, the stand-ardization of CPUE, including approaches accounting for spatial, target and technological creep effects and, SPiCT model

Background: The incidence of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI), which includes sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), has declined in developed countries since the 1980s, including the Netherlands. To identify improvement opportunities in SUDI prevention, we monitored the adherence of parents to the prevention advice on infant care habits over the past 20 years, especially in relation to the SUDI incidence over time. Potential changes in parental adherence between the latest surveys are of specific interest, as these indicate where current focus is needed. Methods: Description of the prevalence of infant care factors related to the risk of SUDI, assessed from five Dutch national surveys from 1999 to 2017 among parents of infants under 12 months, and analysis of the potential differences in these prevalences between the two latest surveys in 2010/11 and 2017 with a z-test. Results: Supine sleeping position decreased from the highest prevalence of 92% in 2010/11, to 83% in 2017. Sleep sack use has increased to 55%, the highest prevalence up to now. Avoiding a duvet has remained reasonably stable since 2002/03 and now 95% of parents do not use a duvet. The prevalence of room-sharing, without sharing the bed, increased from 14% in 1999 to the highest prevalence in 2017 (31%). However, also bed-sharing almost doubled from 5.6% in 2010/11 to 10% in 2017. Breastfeeding decreased between 1999 and 2010/11, but increased from 34% in 2010/11 to 42% in 2017. An increased prevalence of mothers who abstained from smoking during pregnancy, as well as both parents not smoking, was observed, although mostly higher educated parents showed this beneficial behavior. Discussion and Conclusion: Much has already been achieved first by decreasing prone sleeping since the 80's, and subsequently promoting supine as the safest sleep position. The decrease in duvet use and smoking, and an increase in breastfeeding have also had impact. Indications of a recent decreased prevalence of the

Advice processes are omnipresent in our professional and private lives. We use a laboratory experiment to study how gender and gender matching affect advice giving and how gender matching affects advice following about entry into a real-effort tournament. For advice giving we find that women are less likely than men to recommend tournament entry to advisees than are intermediate performers. Furthermore, women maximize less often the expected earnings of advisees than intermediate performers. For advice following we find that men enter the tournament significantly more often than women in the intermediate-performance group do. Gender matching does not seem to affect advice giving or following. Overall, when it is less clear what the better advice or decision is, gender differences emerge. These results are consistent with findings in other areas that document that gender differences emerge in situations that are more ambiguous.

This thesis focuses on children with severe spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and their families. Although the disease is severe, and the families are faced with challenges in everyday life related to the progressive muscle weakness that SMA causes, knowledge of their experiences of the situation is limited. The overall purpose of this thesis was therefore to explore how families, with a child who has SMA, experience the care received and their everyday life.The thesis encompasses two projects: a two-nationwide survey with 95 bereaved and non-bereaved parents (response rate of 84%) and an ethnographical study with two families (17 interviews and participant observations at six occasions).The findings showed that parents were generally pleased with the care their children received. However, there were some shortcomings, especially that staff lacked knowledge about the diagnosis, leading the parents to feel that they themselves had to take initiatives for measurements and treatments (Paper II).Further, the parents reported deficiencies in coordination between care providers (Papers I–II). The parents emphasised the importance of having a good relationship with staff (Paper II), to find ways to cope with everyday life and get practical support in everyday activities, as well as social support in dealing with disease and grief (Paper III). With the new medicine for SMA, the families’narratives were rewritten, and the families were facing slow improvements; small events that made a big difference. Hope was negotiated and struggled with indifferent ways by different family members, but contributed to how they dealt with the disease and the outlook on the future (Paper IV).Many of the experiences described by the families can be useful for professionals in modifying their work to support these families in accordance with their needs.

This paper was inspired by the presentations and discussions from the panel "Successful Careers in Academia and Industry and What We Can Learn from Them”" that took place at the IMPS meeting in 2019. In this paper, we discuss what makes a career successful in academia and industry and we provide examples from the past to the present. We include education and career paths as well as highlights of achievements as researchers and teachers. The paper provides a brief historical context for the representation of women in psychometrics and an insight into strategies for success for publishing, for grant applications and promotion. The authors outline the importance of interdisciplinary work, the inclusive citation approaches, and visibility of research in academia and industry. The personal stories provide a platform for considering the needs for a supportive work environment for women and for work-life balance. The outcome of these discussions and reflections of the panel members are included in the paper.