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32,658 results on '"Abraham, A."'

1. Effects of beta cyclodextrin and pluronic F-127 on the stability of model proteins : lysozyme, insulin and antibodies

Author

Abraham, Ijeoma

Abstract

The goal of protein therapeutic formulation research is to create effective solutions in which the protein activity is maintained in solution and is stable throughout the shelf life. Stabilisation of protein in dry and solution forms under certain conditions like temperature, pH has been a challenge in protein therapeutic drug production. Investigating therapeutic protein physiochemical properties and aggregation are critical for development of formulations for enhancement of the drug efficacy and safety. Challenges in the analysis are usually compounded in the formulation with various excipients, small volumes and high concentrations. The aim of this research work is to show the effects of beta cyclodextrin and pluronic F-127 on the stability of protein on lysozyme, insulin and antibody (Immunoglobulin), as well as their effects of concentration, and other solution conditions. The drying (spray-dried (SD); electrosprayed (ESD)) effect on lysozyme formulations with or without excipients was also investigated. High sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (HSDSC), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and other characterization techniques such as Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry were applied to assess the thermal stability and aggregation of these proteins including and excluding excipients. Beta cyclodextrin and pluronic F-127 demonstrated several promising qualities on lysozyme with the drying technique applied. Addition of beta cyclodextrin to spray dried lysozyme improved and maintained the biological activity. Furthermore, the presence of beta cyclodextrin and pluronic F-127 maintained the denaturation temperature of spray dried lysozyme. A combination of both excipients with the drying technique exhibited a form of stability by maintaining the enzymatic activity of lysozyme. Electrospray technique in the presence and absence of excipients improved lysozyme stability. The thermogram obtained for Insulin in phosphate buffered saline thermal denaturation was shifted to an increased Tm temperature of 81.2°C in the presence of pluronic F-127 at 10°C scan rate compared to unprocessed insulin at 78.44°C. In the same instance, beta cyclodextrin was not effective on the thermal stability of the insulin, rather, a reduced effect at Tm of 74.06°C and 71.45°C respectively was observed at both scan rates (10°C and 60°C). A change in the conformation of insulin affected the transition peak's shape, sharpness, and position. Pluronic F-127 was able to enhance or preserve the helical structure of insulin by producing a stabilizing effect. No aggregation was observed for 1:1%w/v insulin, pluronic F-127 dissolved in phosphate buffered saline. Beta cyclodextrin and pluronic F-127 combination could cause the increase in the activity and stability of lysozyme using the correct formulation and technique following results obtained from electrosprayed technique. The thermogram of the antibody (IgG) showed a transition followed by a sharp aggregation peak. The thermograms showed different reactions to pH, as the effect of pH on thermal stability was investigated at pH 5.5 and 7.4 from the aggregation investigation. Increase in pH (7.4) did not show a difference in the denaturation temperature when compared to pH 5.5. Both excipients appeared to improved protein stability in their unique ways.

Published
2023

3. Materialising a mining project : past, present, and alternative energy futures through the lens of Kvanefjeld

Author

Abraham, F. and Molyneux-Hodgson, Susan

Abstract

The ongoing development of the Kvanefjeld mining project in southern Greenland is analysed, using ideas drawn from STS and environmental sociology, as a means to investigate social dimensions of potential energy futures. The Arctic space is estimated to be home of one of the largest rare earth elements (REEs) deposits in the world, materials that are essential to much of everyday 21st century life and to the success of a 'sustainable', green energy revolution. The geological deposit also contains uranium and thorium, elements that are central to the pursuit of nuclear energy production. Debates over mining of the deposit, with protests led by environmental NGOs and support found across other social groups, have surfaced at different times over the past 60 years. Using a mix of fieldwork, interviews and documentary analysis, I sought to understand why certain aspects of the project e.g. uranium exploitation, have been heavily criticised, while others e.g. thorium exploitation, have received little scrutiny. I explored why the debates on nuclearity ebb and flow with time and what factors were at play at different times. I then layered this account by analysing the place of REEs and their contribution to the green technology industry. Taken together, I consider the environmental paradox this mining project creates. The story of uranium at Kvanefjeld is not new. The new era of development follows two previous phases that I have identified: one occurring from the 1950s to the 1960s, and one from the 1970s to the 1980s. These three phases of debate on uranium extraction each draw on the position of Denmark towards nuclear energy at different times, and I find that mining project discourse shifts around nationalism and the changing relations between Greenland and Denmark. Then, drawing from Actor-Network Theory, I show that the most recent occurrence of the controversy has mobilised a set of actants analogous to the previous phase, as well as (re)created similar power relations. I found that the current controversy over uranium extraction at Kvanefjeld is grounded on a resurgence of an older debate that many assumed was 'closed' in the 1980s. However, issues remain unresolved, making uranium the focal point of the most recent debate and crowding out discussion of other concerns. A major difference between these two phases, however, is the appearance of a new actant: the REEs. Portrayed as necessary for modern green technologies, the technological applications of REEs are used by globalised mining companies to legitimise their mining projects. Using Marx's Metabolic Rift theory, I consider the evolution of mining techniques to show that projects such as Kvanefjeld are likely to increase the environmental burden caused by the mining industry. In particular, I argue that modern mining techniques, as the result of various technological innovations, have led to an increasing strain on the environment though production of increasing volumes of waste. This analysis of mining practices hints that the green economy located at the source of the commodities that feed it, is not so green. This creates an environmental paradox, as resource holding nations take the environmental burden of attempts to decarbonise the global economy. My findings posit that all such mining projects are environmentally problematic, even in the service of green futures. Furthermore, alternative streams for REEs could be found and yet attract little attention. I show that the exploitation of new deposits like Kvanefjeld may not be necessary: waste recovery from old mining waste is an alternative REEs sourcing option, for example. I show also how implementing such a recovery-focused technological option has been problematic in practice, due to the values embedded in the economic model on which they rely. A sociology of waste approach is useful to address the struggles that recovery approaches face and I highlight the shift needed toward a 'moral economy', grounded in values that deeply diverge with the dominant economic regime, and which makes it difficult for both models to cohabit. The contributions of this piece of research are intended to be multiple. It fits within extant STS work on materials, mining, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and offers a way to understand, contextualise and localise a complex issue that has globally been seen as problematic: energy futures. This work contributes to the field of environmental sociology as it attempts to put the Metabolic Rift theory into practice, placing socioecological relations at the centre of analysis.

Published
2023

4. Engaging children in question asking for problem finding to encourage creative thinking in primary school science teaching

Author

Abraham, Prathibha Susan

Abstract

Encouraging creative thinking is considered as the general function of education (NACCCE, 1999) and one of the aims under the national curriculum of England (DfEE/QCA, 1999). Though creative thinking is a broad term, in science it is seen as finding solutions to problems(D. P. Newton, 2010).Scientific enquiry is a creative process, commonly beginning with a question or problem, then generating a tentative answer or solution, and testing it. Generally teachers provide ready-made questions or problems for children to solve. If children themselves can find scientific problems or questions to solve in the classroom, then learning would be more engaging as it generates interest and motivation. A review of existing literature on creativity in education focusing on its least recognised aspect, problem finding, revealed the potential for children's questions, particularly wonderment questions in encouraging deep thinking. Some studies recognised the scarcity of children's questions especially explanatory questions and questions that leads to investigations in the primary school science classroom. Therefore, the study sets out to explore strategies to stimulate children to raise questions with the potential to become problems to solve in science. The study employed mixed methods using a descriptive questionnaire survey, classroom observations, short interviews, content analysis and controlled interventions with children to collect data. The sample included teachers, student teachers and Key Stage Two primary school children. It used phenomenography to analyse the data and derive useful conclusions thereby following an interpretivist approach. A theory explaining the complex process of question asking which involves the construction and articulation of descriptive and causal mental models of situations emerged from the study. Several factors are suggested which influence and order the process, especially the situation or stimulus, the teaching and learning environment, and the attributes of the child. It takes time to produce questions which could lead to scientific enquiry and it needs teaching skill to provide effective opportunities for children to ask questions, and help them put them into a suitable form.

Published
2023

5. Downy mildew resistance in B. oleracea

Author

Gomez Gutierrez, Abraham

Abstract

Downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora brassicae) is one of the most devastating and widely reported diseases on horticultural and agricultural Brassica plants worldwide. Yield losses can be up to 90-100% if environmental conditions are favourable for downy mildew, especially at the early stages of plant development. In recent years, downy mildew incidence has increased in many Brassica growing countries, most likely due to the steady rise of seasonal temperatures in some of these regions of the world caused by cli-mate change, making the disease more widespread. To palliate this, cultural and chemical techniques for controlling downy mildew have been reported to be ineffective due to the systemic nature of the disease. As a result, Brassica cultivars with inherent genetic resistance to this pathogen can provide the best and most cost-effective alternative to avoid yield losses in the future. To achieve this, in this thesis, I have created a collection of single spore H. brassicae isolates from 9 field isolates collected from distinct geographical locations in the UK and USA (Chapter 2). In Chapter 3, I assessed different sources of plant material at the cotyledon stage and identified new sources of resistance to H. brassicae. The host specificity of all H. brassicae isolates used in this thesis was very high, only being able to infect B. oleracea and a very few B. napus genotypes (Chapter 3). In Chapter 4, a specific F2 cross-segregating for a single dominant downy mildew resistant gene at the seedling and adult plant stage was used for genetic mapping using a bulk segregant analysis approach. The bulk segregant analysis was able to map the downy mildew resistance to an NLR cluster in the B. oleracea chromo-some 2. The NLR cluster was observed to have a high level of copy number variation when compared to other genome assemblies. Therefore, to resolve the NLR cluster, a draft genome assembly of the resistant parental line was created using long-read sequencing. I used the assembly to create diagnostic KASP markers of the resistance and validate them using 466 F2 individuals for marker-assisted selection. These newly identified sources of downy mildew resistance could provide a solid foundation to improve the management of this disease in the fields of many B. oleracea crops, especially vegetable crucifers. To date, only 4 sources of resistance to downy mildew have been mapped in B. oleracea. The new source of resistance located to the B. oleracea Chromosome 2 and the diagnostic KASP markers created in this thesis can be used in marker-assisted breeding selection to develop new commercial varieties resistant to downy mildew. Finally, the data generated in this thesis of the NLR cluster and sequences of the candidate genes based on the long-read draft genome assembly could be used to clone the gene responsible for the resistance.

Published
2022

6. Deep-water channel-levee system : their geomorphic evolution, stratigraphic architecture, and interaction with salt diapirs in the base of slope to basin floor environment

Author

Odeh, Isaac Abraham and Jackson, Christopher

Abstract

This thesis combines an interpretation of 3D seismic and bore hole data (drill cuttings and cores) to analyse and describe the geomorphic evolution, and the stratigraphic architecture of deep-water depositional systems in (i) channel dominated Offshore Taranaki Basin, and (ii) a channel-lobe dominated Central North Sea Basin. In the Taranaki basin, (Offshore New Zealand), two seismic units (SU1-2) were mapped, identifying three depositional elements: (channel and intra channel-fills, levees/overbank, and basin floor mudstones). Within SU1, several north-trending, channel-levee complexes, characterised by increasing sinuosity (SI 1.15 - 2.25), and having average width and depth of 346 m and 34 m, respectively, was identified. These channel-levee complexes were deposited in a basin-floor environment. In SU2, NW-trending channel-levee complexes, deposited in the base of slope were observed, however a decrease in sinuosity (1.01 - 1.40) and an increase in the width and depth (108 m - 104 m respectively) of the channels was noticed. Well data show that the channel fill facies are variable, comprising sandstone, muddy-sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone, with sandstone content decreasing upward. The levee/overbank facies are overall finer grained, and characterised by muddy, very fine-to-fine-grained sandstone interbedded with siltstone and mudstone. The slope/basin floor are mudstone dominated. Key differences between SU1 and SU2 channel complexes are: (i) palaeoflow direction was northwards during SU1 times and northwestwards during SU2 times; (ii) SU1 channel complex-fills are sandier (20-45% sand content), compared to those in SU2 (10-18% sand content); and (iii) SU1 channel complexes are relatively unconfined and characterised by lateral migration, whereas SU2 channel complexes are more commonly confined within valley systems. In the Central North Sea Basin, the upper Palaeocene deep-water sandstone bodies are ca. 40-150 m thick and characterised by a high sandstone (i.e., 30 - 58%) content. Using core data, three facies associations; turbidite sandstone, heterolithics, and basin floor mudstones were identified. The turbidite sandstone represent the blocky or bell shape GR pattern, and in core are fine to very fine grained and are either structureless or are characterised by dewatering pipes, dish structures, mudstone clast, and oxidized quartz veins. The heterolithics facies represents the intervals characterised by high and low GR serrated GR well log patterns, and in core comprise interbedded units that display remobilisation features. The mudstone represents the intervals with low serrated GR patterns, and in core either appears massive or laminated. The seismic characteristics of the interval of interest shows; (i) subparallel to parallel, high amplitude reflection (HAR) packages interpreted as sandstones, (ii) subparallel, interbedded HAR and low amplitude reflection packages interpreted as heterolithics and (iii) low amplitude reflection packages interpreted as basin floor mudstones. The top and base reflection characteristics of the interval of interest shows continuous, parallel to subparallel, HAR packages that are only truncated by salt diapirs. Internally, the seismic characteristics of the interval of interest show chaotic characteristics. Vclay analysis shows that these packages are characterised by high sand to clay contents. Salt diapir was shown to control the pre-existing sea floor bathymetry during deposition. Analysis of cores facies and attribute map show (i) post depositional structures resulting from salt movement (ii) high amplitude reflection packages distributed around the diapirs flanks suggesting lobes deflection and diversion and (iii) Thickness variability suggesting local depocentres created by moving salt diapirs. This study contributes significantly to the understanding of the stratigraphic evolution of basin floor fan system and provide insights into reservoir facies distribution in salt influenced basins.

Published
2022
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7. Corporate rebranding : an internal perspective : multiple case study into employee buy-in the higher education sector

Author

Joseph, Abraham

Abstract

Corporate rebranding involves the modification or change of the logo, tagline and the corporate brand name and is a common phenomenon in various industries such as telecom and an emerging strategic trend in the higher education (HE) sector. Corporate rebranding strategy often enables an organisation to become more relevant to its target market and improve its positioning (Melewar et al., 2012; Sonenshein, 2010; Vallaster and Lindgreen, 2011; Miller et.al, 2014). Employees play a vital role in, representing the brand values and fulfilling the brand promise to an organisation's customers (Balmer and Gray, 2003; Balmer 1995; Harris and De Chernatony, 2006). The purpose of this study is to examine how the corporate rebranding strategy is implemented internally and report on how buy-in from employees is achieved. Corporate rebranding studies in extant literature are sparse in the HE sector. To fill this gap, a multiple case study of four UK universities was conducted to explore the complexity of the phenomenon in the HE sector. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to establish the relevance of major themes uncovered by an extensive literature review. This was followed by thematic analysis of the data. Findings of the study emphasized upon the role of internal brand communication in facilitating employees to accept the new corporate brand and their buy-in. The involvement of employees and the role of leadership in the corporate rebranding process were significant in gaining employee support. Employees who identified with the new corporate brand and who were engaged and committed to their roles expressed a greater degree of buy-in post rebranding. This is an important contribution to the literature on corporate rebranding from an internal perspective. Further research is recommended to measure existing levels of employee engagement and employee identification.

Published
2021

8. Searching for microbial nucleic acids in cancer sequence data

Author

Gihawi, Abraham

Abstract

Microbes can play a prominent role in cancer: Helicobacter pylori is involved in over 90% of gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma and Human Papillomavirus plays a major role in cervical tumorigenesis. In this thesis, I evaluate computational approaches to identify the constituent taxa within human high-throughput sequence data. I have produced the top performing approaches into a pipeline (SEPATH) which is applied to a variety of datasets: RNA sequencing of urine from patients under clinical investigation for prostate cancer and over 10,000 whole genome sequences from Genomics England's 100,000 Genomes Project. The results are sparse and rife with environmental and sequencing contaminants. Despite this, SEPATH has revealed a range of interesting bacterial and viral genera associated with tumour samples. A preliminary association is observed between the identification of specific taxa and the development of aggressive prostate cancer. Many of the genera identified have been previously suggested for association with tumours such as Bacteroides and Fusobacterium in colorectal cancer. Alphapapillomavirus was noted in oral cancer which aligns with the expected genomic features (a lack of mutations in tumour suppressor gene TP53). Also, evidence has been detected for infectious disease which will be subject to independent validation and followed up appropriately. Analysing the microbial composition of tumours could provide an additional tool to aid in therapeutic stratification of cancer patients with little added cost following sequencing.

Published
2021

9. Three essays on the effects of natural resources rents, institutions and demographic factors on economic growth

Author

Abraham Ajayi, Temitope, Perman, Roger, and Nikolas, Danias

Abstract

This thesis consists of three distinct but interrelated essays on the implications of resources rents, institutions and demographic indicators for economic growth. Chapter two utilises timeseries data to investigate the impacts of oil rents, institutions, and diversification on the Nigerian economy's growth. Chapter three applies panel data to determine the effects of oil rents and institutions on OPEC economies' growth. Chapter four uses extensive panel data of 216 economies and extends our study to consider the implications of demographic factors, political institutions, and natural resource rents on economic growth. Given the potential for endogeneity in regression analysis of the drivers of growth, we draw our main results from estimators that consider possible endogeneity. For the Nigerian economy, oil rents positively impact economic growth, contingent on good institutions. Our findings suggest that the quality of democratic institutions in Nigeria is significant for economic growth. Diversification of the economy also shows a positive effect on growth. For the OPEC economies, oil rents have negative implications for its economic growth. We find empirical evidence that institutional qualities: the legal, anticorruption and government effectiveness qualities positively impact OPEC economic growth. Chapter four shows that the population size and growth rate have an asymmetric impact on economic growth. This thesis contributes to the literature by developing varying institutional qualities for Nigeria and OPEC. Furthermore, we develop a model for the OPEC oligopoly power and demonstrates that countries' population growth rates and size are crucial drivers of growth. We observe that whilst democracy promotes economic growth; it does not necessarily follow that those states that are not democratising will lag in growth. The main conclusions of the thesis are that the existence of strong institutions is crucial for resource-producing countries. Demographic factors are significant for growth, and diversification of the economy is vital for economic growth.

Published
2021
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10. Flexible universal branch model for steady state operational analysis and optimisation of hybrid AC/DC grids

Author

Alvarez-Bustos, Abraham

Abstract

This thesis presents a new Flexible Universal Branch Model (FUBM) formulation for solving Power Flows, Optimal Power Flow (OPF) and Security Constrained Optimal Power Flow (SCOPF) for hybrid AC/DC grids. The prowess of the new formulation is that it (i) provides a direct link between AC and DC parts of the grid allowing for solving the entire network within a unified frame of reference (not sequentially) and (ii) can realistically model any element within the AC/DC power grid, ranging from conventional AC transmission lines to multiple types of AC/DC interface devices such as Voltage Source Converter (VSC) by introducing additional control variables. The model is formulated in such a way that it does not make a distinction, from a mathematical perspective, between AC and DC elements. Therefore, traditional AC power balance equations can be used to solve a complete AC/DC grid. Moreover, the physical attributes and optional independent variables of the FUBM encapsulate the characteristics and controls of other complex elements in the electrical power grid allowing a flexible analysis of a fully controllable AC/DC grid allowing the formulation to achieve operating points which will be infeasible otherwise. Detailed description of the FUBM is presented and compared to the traditional approaches. In comparison, traditional approaches require several model libraries and specific power balance equations per element as well as the type of grid to achieve the same results as the ones presented with the FUBM. Power flow formulation using FUBM also allows for the introduction of extra levels of control that may be available in a hybrid AC/DC grid. Similarly, the flexible OPF formulation takes advantage of the FUBM multiple control options to properly simulate flexibility of operation in these grids. Finally, the FUBM is implemented for the SCOPF to allow for corrective actions following contingencies for even more flexibility of operation. Post-contingency corrective actions include fast controls available to the VSCs that are used to adjust the system operating point to withstand even the most severe contingencies. Throughout the thesis, the model was tested against several test systems and solvers. The results clearly show that the FUBM is not only on a par with existing models for steady state analysis but surpasses them in solution accuracy, computational efficiency and scalability for larger system sizes.

Published
2021

11. Multimodal imaging of the role of hyperglycemia after experimental aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

Author

Martín Muñoz, Abraham, Llop Roig, Jordi, Neurociencias, Neurozientziak, Joya Villanúa, Ana Isabel, Martín Muñoz, Abraham, Llop Roig, Jordi, Neurociencias, Neurozientziak, and Joya Villanúa, Ana Isabel

Abstract

149 p., Esta tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el estudio del efecto de la hiperglicemia en un modelo animal de hemorragia subaracnoidea aneurismática mediante técnicas de tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) y resonancia magnética (MRI). Se han evaluado diversos aspectos como la aparición de edema e infarto, el volumen de hemorragia, la rotura de la barrera hematoencefálica, la inflamación y el estrés oxidativo. Finalmente, se evaluó el efecto antioxidante del ácido úrico en animales hiperglicémicos con hemorragia subaracnoidea.

Published
2025

12. Ageing, colonic health, obesity and the gut microbiota

Author

Joel, Abraham Simon

Abstract

Ageing, obesity and history of adenomatous polyps are recognised risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). In recent decades, patterns of colonic microbiota and their major metabolites, the short chain fatty acids (SCFA), have been proposed as potential additional candidate biomarker of CRC risk. For example, Fusobacterium nucleatum, which adheres to colonic enterocytes, stimulates the b-catenin pathway, and reinforces inflammatory responses has been associated with CRC pathogenesis. Within the Biomarkers Of Risk of Colorectal Cancer (BORICC)Follow-Up (BFU) and Biomarkers Of CRC After Bariatric Surgery (BOCABS) Studies, I have investigated relationships between ageing, colonic health (prior history of adenomatous polyps) and obesity and the gut microbiota and SCFA. Stool samples from 219 BORICC Study participants, 26 of whom had paired samples at follow-up (BFU Study), and 30 BOCABS Study participants, including 19 paired pre-and post-bariatric samples, were used. Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene and gas chromatography were performed to quantify the microbiota and SCFA, respectively. In the BORICC Study, I observed significantly lower Firmicutes levels in participants with a prior history of polyps (at greater CRC risk). There were no apparent effects of ageing or of obesity on the microbiota when investigated at phylum or genus levels or on bacterial diversity measures (alpha and beta diversity). Faecal concentrations of acetate and of total SCFA were elevated in the older participants as well as the obese participants in all studies. In BORICC Study, participants with a prior history of adenomatous polyps and those who were obese had higher faecal propionate concentrations. Concentrations of the branched-chain SCFA isobutyrate and isovalerate were higher in stool from older people. In summary, altered concentrations of faecal SCFA alterations were associated with ageing, obesity and in those with a prior history of adenomatous polyps. However, there were no associated effects on the abundance or diversity of gut bacteria.

Published
2020

13. History writing and global encounters in sixteenth-century Kerala

Author

Abraham, Renu Elizabeth, Klein, Bernhard, and Polónia, Amélia

Subjects
907.2
Abstract

This thesis studies history-writing practices and global encounters in sixteenth-century Kerala. Specifically, it explores the encounters between the Zamorins of Kozhikode, the Mappila Muslims, and the Portuguese traders in Kerala through a parallel reading of Malayalam, Arabic and Portuguese records. Modes of vernacular history writing in India have posed a problem for historians trained in Western historiographical modes due to particularities in the way that facts, myths, and legends are recorded and sometimes combined. Some historians have detected a 'silence' on the Portuguese in these records, which reveals the negligible impact that the Portuguese had on Indians. Rather than dismissing their relevance as non-historical, this thesis takes these vernacular stories as legitimate sites of enquiry. Based on these stories, this thesis develops a territorial model of Kerala against which the aspirations of and conflicts between maritime groups – such as the Muslims and the Portuguese – can be compared. It focuses on the way in which origin stories about founder-heroes were appropriated and transformed by various socio-political groups over centuries, to legitimize their claim to the region and to resolve tensions with other groups. This process, it is argued, constituted the land of Kerala. An examination of the focus on land in the Malayalam records reveals that maritime groups like the Muslims and the Portuguese played the role of bridging the gap between the land and the sea. I conclude that, looking at these processes in the context of the Indian Ocean world reveals a land-sea division in Malayalam and Arabic history writing, and consequently, in the way in which the Zamorins and the Mappilas responded to the arrival of the Portuguese.

Published
2020

14. Topics in combinatorics and additive number theory

Author

Aaronson, James Abraham and Green, Ben

Subjects
511, Combinatorics, Number Theory
Abstract

In this thesis, we will consider five problems with an additive combinatorial flavour. In Chapter 2, we will consider bounds for the arithmetic removal lemma in abelian groups, and show that good bounds would hold as a consequence of good bounds on a related problem. In Chapter 3, we will discuss sets of integers with many solutions to a linear equation, and prove various results about the maximal number of solutions for various equations. In Chapter 4, we will consider special subspaces of a finite vector space called Cyclically Covering Subspaces, and discuss bounds for the smallest such subspaces. The work in this chapter answers a question asked by Cameron, and is joint with Carla Groenland and Tom Johnston. In Chapter 5, we will prove that, among functions supported on a Hamming Sphere with a fixed l² norm, the one which maximises the additive energy is constant, proving a conjecture of Kirshner and Samorodnitsky. In Chapter 6, we will present a possible strengthening of the celebrated Polynomial Freiman-Ruzsa conjecture, and show why such a strengthening cannot hold.

Published
2020

15. Numerical and experimental fatigue analysis of short glass fibre reinforced polymers

Author

Lizama Camara, Yahir Abraham and Pinna, Christophe

Subjects
620.1
Abstract

This dissertation proposes a stress-based, multi-scale and multi-stage modelling approach, developed to predict the effect of the fibre orientation distribution on the fatigue life of an injection moulded short-glass fibre reinforced nylon 6,6 composite (vf=30%). The main objectives of this research were: to analyse the effect of the fibre orientation distribution in the material tensile and fatigue behaviour; to develop a stress-life (S-N), multi-stage computer-aided engineering (CAE), modelling methodology to produce sensible (±3std. dev.) fatigue life predictions; and to understand the damage mechanisms that incentivise crack initiation and propagation under constant amplitude cyclic loading. The novelty of the present work also included the full experimental validation at every step of the modelling phase to assess the accuracy of the numerical simulation and the effect of the propagation of these inaccuracies on the final fatigue life prediction. The composite material presented highly anisotropic behaviour. This is a product of the variation of the fibre orientation through the thickness, produced during the injection moulding process. This non-homogenous fibre distribution showed a skin-shell-core microstructure. Good agreement, qualitative and quantitative, was obtained between the finite element simulations and the experimental results in terms of: the fibre orientation tensor, full strain-fields and fatigue lives. However, a limitation of the stress-life based approach was revealed for fully reversed stress ratios, R=σ_min/σ_max =-1. Therefore, a new energy approach was investigated, allowing the introduction of a fatigue parameter derived from the analysis of the cyclic stabilised hysteresis loops, herein expressed in terms of Dissipated Energy vs Life curves. Initial results of this approach revealed a reduction in the spread of the fatigue data that was seen with the S-N method. Finally, the analysis of specimens' fracture surfaces, via optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); together with high-speed camera images, digital image correlation results, and in conjunction with the stress and strain modelling results; suggested that the development of damage in the material follows a multi-crack nature, with initiation likely occurring below the surface, in locations where the maximum stress/energy is present. Additionally, evidence of several crack planes were observed, which implied the presence of multiple cracks developing and propagating at different points in the fatigue life of the specimens.

Published
2020

16. Asymptotics of operator semigroups and applications

Author

Ng, Abraham Chi Shun, Batty, Charles, and Seifert, David

Subjects
515, Differential equations, Partial, Functional analysis, Operator theory
Abstract

This thesis is concerned with the quantified asymptotic theory of operator semigroups and its applications. There are two sides of this story that are studied in the two main parts of the thesis respectively. The first side of the story is the asymptotic theory of strongly continuous operator semigroups arising from the study of damped wave equations and the countable spectrum theorem for strong stability. In the first half of the thesis, we apply known theory to two coupled wave-heat systems in order to derive energy decay estimates, before developing new direct integral theory so that one may explore asymptotic ideas there. The second side of the story is the asymptotic theory of discrete operator semigroups arising from the much celebrated Katznelson--Tzafriri and mean ergodic theorems. In the second half of the thesis, we establish new abstract results in this area, proving sharp estimates for the rate of decay between consecutive powers of operators on Hilbert spaces. Additionally, we prove upper and lower bounds for this same decay in the case of multiplication-like operators that improve on previously known theory.

Published
2020

17. The phase behaviour of active colloidal rollers

Author

Mauleon Amieva, Abraham and Royall, Cp

Subjects
530.4
Abstract

Active matter systems are those able to continuously consume energy from the environment in order to drive themselves out-of-equilibrium. This leads to fasci- nating behaviours not attainable at thermal equilibrium. Some of the hallmarks of such systems are the self-propulsion of individuals, and the emergence of collective phenomena, such as swarming, flocking, clustering, and phase separation in the absence of attractive forces. Moreover, such phenomena occurs in a wide range of living systems at different length scales, from the cell cytoskeleton, tissues, and bacterial colonies to larger scales such as fish schools and bird flocks. Artificial active materials, consisting of active particles, vibrated grains, or even synthetically modified living systems, provide suitable model systems to test the behavior of active matter, and to investigate the physical principles behind. In this sense, much of the active behaviours rely upon the interactions in the system, such as the alignment interaction that promote coherent flows, as in flocks. Thus, we describe a population of interacting and motile colloidal particles, that exhibit phase transitions between passive and active states, i.e. swarms and polar flocks. Our system displays a rich and exotic phase behavior, including passive and motile crystallites, an active gas, and polar bands. We find that at low motility, competing passive and active interactions leads to the melting-like and behavior of active crystallites. On increasing the motility, the role of the interactions is reversed, and promotes the onset of flocking.

Published
2020

18. Risk factors for pre-eclampsia in low and middle-income countries : a case study of Tanzania

Author

Mruma, Henry Abraham, Norrie, John, and McQuillan, Ruth

Subjects
618.3, pre-eclampsia, low and middle-income countries, LMIC, hypertension, statistics, risk factors, Tanzania, systematic review, malaria infection, gestational hypertension, sociodemographic characteristics
Abstract

This PhD research focuses on understanding a maternal pregnancy condition known as pre-eclampsia. This condition contributes to around 14 % of the global burden of maternal mortality and fivefold of perinatal mortality in developing countries. Genetic, environmental, nutritional and socioeconomic factors are thought to disproportionately affect the burden of pre-eclampsia in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). The first chapter gives an overview; it introduces pre-eclampsia and outlines its contribution to the burden of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. It summarises all chapters in this thesis. The second chapter gives the background of the literature review. This chapter describes pre-eclampsia in the context of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. It then explains some of the risk factors of pre-eclampsia, the natural history of the disease and the health system response: current modalities in screening, the evolution of the definition pre-eclampsia, diagnosis, prevention and management. The third chapter describes the scoping study, which aims at summarising explored risk factors in Africa, to identify potential gaps and the feasibility of conducting a systematic review. Its results showed that there were twenty studies done in Africa that had explored relatively few risk factors. These studies had methodological limitations of size and rigour, hence produced conflicting and inconclusive associations between pre-eclampsia outcome and most explored risk factors, including malaria infection. They also showed a gap in the literature regarding models built by risk factors that attempted to classify pre-eclampsia outcome in African populations. The fourth chapter describes the systematic review that explores the relationship between malaria infection and gestational hypertension (GH) with proteinuria (pre-eclampsia) or without. It considers two pathways that malaria possibly exert its effect on causing gestational hypertension. One pathway being through a dysfunctional placenta and the other pathway is by endothelial inflammation of blood vessels from malaria toxins. The result of the meta-analysis was a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 2.6, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 4.5. The odds of pre-eclampsia among pregnant women with malaria infection were 2.6 times than pregnant women without malaria infection. The fifth chapter describes the analysis of secondary data from Tanzania. This data analysis has four objectives. The sixth chapter describes the results of the four objectives, while chapter Seven presents the discussions of the four objectives. This data analysis used data from two sources: a hospital maternity register from northern Tanzania and a clinical trial in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The data analysis had four objectives; objective one determined the incidence pre-eclampsia to be 1.9 %, 95 % CI 1.3 % to 2.2 % in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania. Objective two describes the sociodemographic characteristics of women with pre-eclampsia compared with those without pre-eclampsia in northern Tanzania population. Preeclampsia was more frequent among women with age above 35 years, single and tertiary level education. Objective three aimed to identify biomedical risk factors for pre-eclampsia among women in northern Tanzania. Then, I used these identified risk factors to build prediction models for pre-eclampsia. I later assessed the ability of these models to classify women with and without pre-eclampsia. Maternal age, weight before pregnancy, contraceptive intrauterine device (IUD) use, a diagnosis of malaria, diagnosis of infections, history of hypertension and HIV treatment were statistically significant predictors in some of my models. My final models in predicting pre-eclampsia in all deliveries, term and preterm delivery subgroups produced an area under the curve of 69.4 %, 71.2 % and 66.9 % respectively. The points of maximum sensitivity and specificity produced sensitivity values of 65 %, 65 % and 59 % respectively, while also producing specificity values of 63 %, 65 % and 66 % respectively. The risk factors and the prediction models were developed on a hospital-based register where the incidence of pre-eclampsia was 3.5%. Since hospital estimates tend to overestimate the incidence compared to population survey, the results of my prediction models will differ in women populations with a high risk of pre-eclampsia. The fourth objective describes the pregnancy outcome of women with preeclampsia compared to women without pre-eclampsia. The results showed there were more stillbirths among women with pre-eclampsia. The odds of stillbirth were 4.8 (95 % CI 3.7 – 6.3) times among women with preeclampsia than women without pre-eclampsia in all deliveries. Upon stratifying by term and preterm deliveries the odds were 2.6 (95 % CI 1.6 – 4.3) and 2.9 (95 % CI 2.0 – 4.1) respectively. The surviving offspring have worse developmental indicators compared to their counterparts in terms of low a Apgar score at 1-minute, low birth weight, small head circumference and short birth length. The odds of a low Apgar score (0 – 3) baby was 4.3 times (95 % CI 3.4 - 5.4) among pre-eclampsia women in all deliveries compared to normal Apgar score (4 – 10) babies. The association was maintained in the subgroups of term and preterm delivery (OR = 2.3, 95 % CI 1.5 – 3.5 and 2.8, 95 % CI 2.0 - 3.9 respectively). Chapter Eight covers the conclusion and recommendations of this thesis, which are: (i) Few studies that explored risk factors in Africa, more studies are needed to resolve conflicting and inconclusive findings from these studies. (ii) Malaria infection is associated with pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension in malaria endemic regions. Malaria control should be intensified among pregnant women and further studies should explore the causal mechanisms. (iii) The incidence of pre-eclampsia should be tracked to observe changes in its trends in the evolving urban populations of LMIC. (iv) Affordable and feasible prediction models for pre-eclampsia should be developed and assessed for performance to enable identification and provision of prevention services on women with a high risk of developing preeclampsia. (v) Women with pre-eclampsia should receive appropriate treatment to mitigate the negative impact on their pregnancy outcome.

Published
2020
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19. Strategic recruitment and selection in Malaysian small and medium enterprises : unravelling the evidence of fit

Author

Abraham, Mathew

Subjects
658.02, HF Commerce
Abstract

Organisations that demonstrate effective human resource management (HRM) practices experience higher productivity from employees. The antecedent is to establish and implement human resource functions or processes that bring out the best in employees. Generally, larger organisations have more sophisticated and wellstructured HRM practices. The perception is HRM practices in large organisations are easy to replicate in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Certainly, SMEs face many challenges unique to their business environment hence the solutions are specific to these challenges. Therefore, issues affecting people, in this instance HRM issues would require highly specific human resource process interventions to suit the SMEs needs. A very vital and highly specific element is the strategic recruitment and selection process in SMEs. Hence, this study focuses on the importance of strategic recruitment and selection practices in Malaysian SMEs and the significance of fit specifically person-job (PJ) and person-organisation (PO) fit. Literature indicates there is a lack of sufficient studies that look at the effect and application of PO and PJ fit dimension in the recruitment and selection function specifically in Malaysian SMEs. This qualitative study encompasses the development of a priori themes drawn from literature as the initial fundamental guide. The first level a priori themes are the precursor in developing the initial a priori template. The main data collection methods used are in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The research adopts the interpretivist approach infusing a practitioner-researcher viewpoint that embraces 'sense-making'. It combines the practical rationality and utility of the problems of practising managers. Data collected is analysed using the combination of template analysis and qualitative analysis software encompassing the thematic organising and analysis of interview data. The interpretation and understanding of the importance of PJ and PO fit among the SMEs when recruiting and selecting talent is ambiguous. Hence putting in place a structured human resource policy and the system is the biggest challenge. The final template produced five important first-level a priori themes; strategic considerations, recruitment practices, selection criteria, fit dimension and link-outcome between fit and retention. These five level one themes together with key sub-level themes serve as a guide for SMEs to implement a strategic and structured recruitment and selection process. An effective hiring system incorporates business strategy linked dimensions of PJ and PO fit in the overall process. Employee retention in SMEs tend to be higher because of the intrinsic job factors experienced by potential applicants in the hiring process. SMEs should consider using specific and systematic hiring-costing template that achieves cost-effective methods. Second, adopting a targeted recruitment and selection approach, for example, referrals, internships, sourcing from technical and vocational education or training institutions are effective methods for SMEs. Speed, simplicity and cost efficiency are strong drivers in SMEs recruitment and selection process. Hence using a highly focused recruitment and selection targeting applicants with specific trade based skills produces better PJ and PO fit. Ultimately, as a way forward the findings shape the foundation in developing a strategically focused recruitment and selection framework and template that facilitates SMEs to hire the best person that fits the job and the organisation.

Published
2020

20. John Edwards of Cambridge (1637-1716) : a reassessment of his location within the later Stuart Church of England

Author

Griesel, Abraham Jacobus and Hampton, Stephen William Peter

Subjects
270.092, Church of England, Reformed theology, Reformed orthodoxy, Restoration period, Seventeenth century, Eighteenth century, English religious history, Historical theology, Post-Reformation, Anglicanism, History of Anglicanism, Anglican theology, Anglican history, Conformity, Intellectual history, Ecclesiastical history, Church history, Theological polemics, Calvinism, Arminianism, 39 Articles, Thirty-nine Articles, Stuart period, John Edwards, John Edwards of Cambridge, Polemics
Abstract

This study focuses on John Edwards of Cambridge (1637-1716) and the broader Reformed tradition within the later Stuart Church of England. Its central thesis is that, contrary to the claims of older scholarship, Edwards was not a marginalized figure in the Church of England on account of his 'Calvinism'. Instead, this study demonstrates that Edwards was recognized in his own day and in the immediately following generations as one of the preeminent conforming divines of the period, and that his theological and polemical works, despite some Arminian opposition, enjoyed a very positive reception among significant segments of the established Church's clergy, many of whom shared his Reformed doctrinal convictions. Instead of a theological misfit as he has often been portrayed, this study contends that the Reformed polemicist Edwards was a decidedly mainstream figure in the established Church of his day. Overall, this study makes a substantial contribution to the largely uncharted field of later Stuart and early Hanoverian Church of England theology, and demonstrates that future accounts of the established Church in this period will have to afford both Edwards and his numerous Reformed contemporaries a considerably more prominent place than has hitherto been the case. It not only confirms Stephen Hampton's work on the persisting vitality of Reformed theology within the established Church during this period, but substantially develops it by demonstrating that Hampton's revisionist thesis significantly underestimated Edwards' stature within the Church as well as the strength and numbers of conforming Reformed divines between the Restoration and the evangelical revivals (1660 - c. 1730). Finally, this study problematizes scholarly depictions of the later Stuart Church of England as having developed a fairly homogeneous 'Anglican' theological identity, and argues instead that the established Church in this period was rather variegated in terms of theological doctrine, churchmanship, and politics.

Published
2020
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21. Consistency of nonparametric Bayesian methods for two statistical inverse problems arising from partial differential equations

Author

Abraham, Luke Kweku William and Nickl, Richard

Subjects
515, nonlinear inverse problems, elliptic partial differential equations, asymptotics of nonparametric Bayes procedures, adaptive estimation, concentration inequalities, diffusion processes, discrete time observations, electrical impedance tomography, advection-diffusion equation, robustness to sampling regime, posterior contraction rates, the Caldero´n problem, Le Cam equivalence, Ito^ diffusions
Abstract

Partial differential equations (PDEs) govern many natural phenomena. When trying to understand the parameters driving these phenomena, we must be aware of the inevitable errors in our measurements; in statistical inverse problems these measurement errors are modelled by statistical noise. One approach to recovering the PDE coefficients governing such statistical inverse problems is through Bayesian methodology. This thesis investigates the theoretical performance of the Bayesian approach in two particular cases. The first model considered is the advection-diffusion equation. Kolmogorov's equations link this partial differential equation to a corresponding (time-homogeneous) stochastic differential equation, in which a diffusion process flows according to a 'drift function' and is buffeted by a Brownian motion effect of spatially varying magnitude; this diffusion formulation forms the focus herein. Assuming the diffusion coefficient (the magnitude of the Brownian effect) is given, this thesis considers the problem of recovering the drift function from observations of the diffusion at discrete time intervals. Chapter 2 gives explicit conditions on priors under which the corresponding Bayesian posteriors provably contract in $L^2$ distance, as data is collected, around the true drift function, at the frequentist minimax rate (up to logarithmic factors) over periodic Besov smoothness classes. These conditions are verified for some natural nonparametric priors, some of which are shown to adapt to an unknown smoothness parameter. The results are given in the high-frequency regime, where the diffusion is observed to a later time horizon and at ever closer intervals, but in fact the minimax rate (again up to logarithmic factors) is also attained in the low-frequency regime, where the intervals between samples remain fixed. This yields the first drift estimator robust to the sampling regime. The second model considered is the Calderón problem. This is the mathematical formulation of electrical impedance tomography, in which electrodes are attached to a patient's skin and used to apply voltages and record the corresponding current fluxes. The current flux corresponds to the Neumann data for the solution to a PDE, governed by an interior 'conductivity parameter', in which the voltage gives the Dirichlet boundary values. Varying the applied voltage, we consider observing the 'Dirichlet-to-Neumann map', and attempt to recover the interior conductivity. The data considered in Chapter 3 consists of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map corrupted by additive Gaussian noise. A prior is exhibited for which the posterior mean statistically converges to the true conductivity (as the noise level is taken to 0) at a near-optimal rate. The introductory chapter outlines the minimax framework by which the posteriors are judged, and provides the background material relevant to this thesis. Of particular interest may be the included proof, in an general inverse problem setting, of natural conditions under which the consistency of the posterior mean can be guaranteed.

Published
2020
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22. Genome sequencing, analysis, heterologous expression and genetic modification of antibiotic encoding biosynthetic gene clusters

Author

Abraham, Emily and Goss, Rebecca J.

Subjects
572, Heterologous expression, Antibiotic discovery, Natural products, Genome sequencing
Abstract

Microbial natural products represent an unparalleled starting point for drug discovery. This thesis therefore focuses on microbial natural products, and the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that encode them. A series of investigations are reported including genome sequencing, genome reading and the exploration of heterologous expression toward enabling the discovery of novel natural products. The heterologous expression of large and highly repetitive BGCs was investigated, in addition to the heterologous expression of individual cytochrome P450 enzymes to complement existing biosynthetic pathways, as an approach toward accessing new to nature natural products. Firstly, a series of novel BGCs were identified in silico from public databases and from novel marine strains which were sequenced using MinION nanopore technology. The rationale being that novel BGCs are likely to encode for new compounds. BGCs encoded for by Saccharothrix espanaensis were heterologously expressed and molecular networking of mass spectrometry data helped to identify masses uniquely produced by the heterologously expressed BGCs. Next, the putative BGC encoding for Marinomycin A, a potent antibiotic and anticancer agent produced by Marinispora CNQ-140, was also heterologously expressed using a direct-cloning approach. Future work will involve both promoter refactoring and sequencing of the cloned BGC to identify any sequence rearrangements, as Marinomycin A production could not be detected in the heterologous host. Moreover, the construction of a Marinispora CNQ-140 BAC library, a library containing an average insert size of 145 kb, represents an alternate way to capture and heterologously express this 72 kb BGC, with its challengingly high level of sequence repetition. Genome sequencing of Marinispora CNQ-140 also revealed additional novel BGCs which can be targeted using this BAC library. Lastly, work towards establishing a biocatalyst toolkit to enable the epoxidation of a series of natural products was conducted. An introduced epoxide can act as a biorthogonal handle, therefore facilitating downstream chemical modifications of the natural product. Success was gained using a series of evolved P450 BM3 variants in vitro, which were able to convert substrates such as Novobiocin and Pimaricin. Moreover, a series of cytochrome P450s from uncharacterised BGCs with origins similar to a series of compounds that we wished to modify, were also mined and tested.

Published
2020
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23. Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life among Patients with Heart Failure.

Author

Ventoulis, Ioannis, Ventoulis, Ioannis, Kamperidis, Vasileios, Abraham, Maria, Abraham, Theodore, Boultadakis, Antonios, Tsioukras, Efthymios, Katsiana, Aikaterini, Georgiou, Konstantinos, Parissis, John, Polyzogopoulou, Effie, Ventoulis, Ioannis, Ventoulis, Ioannis, Kamperidis, Vasileios, Abraham, Maria, Abraham, Theodore, Boultadakis, Antonios, Tsioukras, Efthymios, Katsiana, Aikaterini, Georgiou, Konstantinos, Parissis, John, and Polyzogopoulou, Effie

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by a progressive clinical course marked by frequent exacerbations and repeated hospitalizations, leading to considerably high morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with HF present with a constellation of bothersome symptoms, which range from physical to psychological and mental manifestations. With the transition to more advanced HF stages, symptoms become increasingly more debilitating, interfere with activities of daily living and disrupt multiple domains of life, including physical functioning, psychological status, emotional state, cognitive function, intimate relationships, lifestyle status, usual role activities, social contact and support. By inflicting profuse limitations in numerous aspects of life, HF exerts a profoundly negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). It is therefore not surprising that patients with HF display lower levels of HRQOL compared not only to the general healthy population but also to patients suffering from other chronic diseases. On top of this, poor HRQOL in patients with HF becomes an even greater concern considering that it has been associated with unfavorable long-term outcomes and poor prognosis. Nevertheless, HRQOL may differ significantly among patients with HF. Indeed, it has consistently been reported that women with HF display poorer HRQOL compared to men, while younger patients with HF tend to exhibit lower levels of HRQOL than their older counterparts. Moreover, patients presenting with higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (III-IV) have significantly more impaired HRQOL than those in a better NYHA class (I-II). Furthermore, most studies report worse levels of HRQOL in patients suffering from HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) compared to patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). Last, but not least, differences in HRQOL have been noted depending on geographic location, w

Published
2024

24. Language Models That Accurately Represent Syntactic Structure Exhibit Higher Representational Similarity To Brain Activity

Author

Fresen, Abraham Jacob, Fresen, Abraham Jacob, Choenni, Rochelle, Heilbron, Micha, Zuidema, Willem, de Heer Kloots, Marianne, Fresen, Abraham Jacob, Fresen, Abraham Jacob, Choenni, Rochelle, Heilbron, Micha, Zuidema, Willem, and de Heer Kloots, Marianne

Abstract

We investigate whether more accurate representation of syntactic information in Transformer-based language models is associated with better alignment to brain activity. We use fMRI recordings from a large dataset (MOUS) of a Dutch sentence reading task, and perform Representational Similarity Analysis to measure alignment with 2 mono- and 3 multilingual language models. We focus on activity in a region known for syntactic processing (the Left posterior Medial Temporal Gyrus). We correlate model-brain similarity scores with the accuracy of dependency structures extracted from model internal states using a labelled structural probe. We report three key findings: 1) Accuracy of syntactic dependency representations correlates with brain similarity, 2) The link between brain similarity and dependency accuracy persists regardless of sentence complexity, although 3) Sentence complexity decreases dependency accuracy while increasing brain similarity. These results highlight how interpretable, linguistic features such as syntactic dependencies can mediate the similarity between language models and brains

Published
2024

25. L2 speakers use of discourse strategies in a Maze Task

Author

Abraham, Carine, Abraham, Carine, Abraham, Carine, and Abraham, Carine

Abstract

Sentence completion studies have shown that L1 English readers use verbal aspect (VA) as a cue to disambiguate pronouns in the context of sentences with transfer of possession verbs. Specifically, in the context of a sentence like “Mary gave/was giving a book to Bill”, a subsequent pronoun is more likely to refer to the source referent (“Mary”) when the aspect is imperfective (“was giving”) than when it is perfective (“gave”). L2 studies have shown mixed results on whether L2 speakers, living within an L2 country or outside, can utilise VA as a discourse cue. The current study tested L2 English speakers using an online Maze task, where a pronoun (“He” or “She”) referring to either the source or goal referent had to be chosen at the critical point in the sentence. The results showed that both L1 speakers and L2 speakers, regardless of location, used VA as a disambiguation cue.

Published
2024

26. Exploring the Photophysics and Reactivity of Nickel–Bipyridine Cross-Coupling Catalysts

Author

Cagan, David Abraham, Cagan, David Abraham, Cagan, David Abraham, and Cagan, David Abraham

Abstract

Ni(II)–bipyridine (bpy) aryl halide complexes have been prized for nearly a decade for their catalytic potency to facilitate cross-coupling reactions. To achieve these transformations, the energy from light is leveraged to drive the key catalytic processes. Thus, Ni-mediated photoredox catalysis provides an attractive and sustainable means to replace precious metal catalysts. However, precise mechanistic information regarding how these transformations occur is limited. This thesis thus focuses on a dual experimental and computational analysis of Ni(II)–bpy aryl halide complexes and their photoproducts to provide insight into the specific photophysical and chemical pathways that these catalysts undertake for cross-coupling reactions. The first chapter is a review of the proposed mechanisms presented for Ni-mediated photoredox catalysis. Therein, certain portions of this work are also summarized. The second chapter provides a computational description of the Ni(II) excited states. The third chapter expands on this analysis with experiment, elucidating the photophysical pathway that grants entry into dark Ni(I)/Ni(III) catalytic cycles. Together, chapters two and three show that Ni(II)–bpy aryl halide complexes form low-valent Ni(I)–bpy halide species by an aryl-to-Ni ligand-to-metal charge transfer. Chapter four outlines a method to generate and study these reactive Ni(I)–bpy halide intermediates, identifying their mechanism of C(sp2)–Cl bond activation as nucleophilic aromatic substitution, tunable via the energies of the 3d-orbitals and the effective nuclear charge of Ni. The final chapter finds that these low-valent Ni species are competitive light-absorbers, and it presents a study into their ultrafast photophysics, marking the first of its kind on any Ni(I) complex. The excited-state relaxation dynamics of Ni(I)–bpy halide complexes are well described by vibronic Marcus theory, spanning the normal and inverted regions as a result of simple ch

Published
2024

27. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Schumacher, A, Kyu, H, Aali, A, Abbafati, C, Abbas, J, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasi, M, Abbasian, M, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdelwahab, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdoun, M, Abdullahi, A, Abdurehman, A, Abebe, M, Abedi, A, Abegaz, T, Abeldaño Zuñiga, R, Abhilash, E, Abiodun, O, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abouzid, M, Abreu, L, Abrha, W, Abrigo, M, Abtahi, D, Abu Rumeileh, S, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Aburuz, S, Abu-Zaid, A, Acuna, J, Adair, T, Addo, I, Adebayo, O, Adegboye, O, Adekanmbi, V, Aden, B, Adepoju, A, Adetunji, C, Adeyeoluwa, T, Adeyomoye, O, Adha, R, Adibi, A, Adikusuma, W, Adnani, Q, Adra, S, Afework, A, Afolabi, A, Afraz, A, Afyouni, S, Afzal, S, Agasthi, P, Aghamiri, S, Agodi, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadzade, A, Ahmadzade, M, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, L, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Ajumobi, O, Akalu, G, Akara, E, Akinosoglou, K, Akkala, S, Akyirem, S, Al Hamad, H, Al Hasan, S, Al Homsi, A, Al Qadire, M, Ala, M, Aladelusi, T, AL-Ahdal, T, Alalalmeh, S, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, M, Alam, Z, Al-amer, R, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Albashtawy, M, Albataineh, M, Aldridge, R, Alemi, S, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Gheethi, A, Alhabib, K, Alhalaiqa, F, Al-Hanawi, M, Ali, A, Ali, B, Ali, H, Ali, M, Ali, R, Ali, S, Ali, Z, Alian Samakkhah, S, Alicandro, G, Alif, S, Aligol, M, Alimi, R, Aliyi, A, Al-Jumaily, A, Aljunid, S, Almahmeed, W, Al-Marwani, S, Al-Maweri, S, Almazan, J, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Almidani, O, Alomari, M, Alonso, N, Alqahtani, J, Alqutaibi, A, Al-Sabah, S, Altaf, A, Al-Tawfiq, J, Altirkawi, K, Alvi, F, Alwafi, H, Al-Worafi, Y, Aly, H, Alzoubi, K, Amare, A, Ameyaw, E, Amhare, A, Amin, T, Amindarolzarbi, A, Aminian Dehkordi, J, Amiri, S, Amu, H, Amugsi, D, Amzat, J, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrade, P, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Angappan, D, Anil, A, Anjum, A, Antony, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anuoluwa, I, Anwar, S, Anyasodor, A, Appiah, S, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arabzadeh Bahri, R, Arab-Zozani, M, Arafat, M, Araújo, A, Aravkin, A, Aremu, A, Ariffin, H, Aripov, T, Armocida, B, Arooj, M, Artamonov, A, Artanti, K, Arulappan, J, Aruleba, I, Aruleba, R, Arumugam, A, Asaad, M, Asgary, S, Ashemo, M, Ashraf, M, Asika, M, Athari, S, Atout, M, Atreya, A, Attia, S, Aujayeb, A, Avan, A, Awotidebe, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Ayele, G, Ayuso-Mateos, J, Ayyoubzadeh, S, Azadnajafabad, S, Azhar, G, Aziz, S, Azzam, A, Babashahi, M, Babu, A, Badar, M, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bah, S, Bahadorikhalili, S, Bai, J, Bai, R, Baker, J, Bakkannavar, S, Bako, A, Balakrishnan, S, Balogun, S, Baltatu, O, Bam, K, Banach, M, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, B, Banik, P, Bansal, H, Barati, S, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, H, Barr, R, Barrero, L, Basharat, Z, Bashir, A, Bashiru, H, Baskaran, P, Basnyat, B, Bassat, Q, Basso, J, Basu, S, Batra, K, Batra, R, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, N, Beaney, T, Bedi, N, Begum, T, Behboudi, E, Behnoush, A, Beiranvand, M, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Belgaumi, U, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bello, M, Bello, O, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bendak, S, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Benzian, H, Berezvai, Z, Berman, A, Bermudez, A, Bettencourt, P, Beyene, H, Beyene, K, Bhagat, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhatti, G, Bhatti, J, Bhatti, M, Bhatti, R, Bhutta, Z, Bikbov, B, Binmadi, N, Bintoro, B, Biondi, A, Bisignano, C, Bisulli, F, Biswas, A, Biswas, R, Bitaraf, S, Bjørge, T, Bleyer, A, Boampong, M, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, A, Bolarinwa, O, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bonny, A, Bora, K, Bora Basara, B, Borodo, S, Borschmann, R, Botero Carvajal, A, Bouaoud, S, Boudalia, S, Boyko, E, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Britton, G, Browne, A, Brunoni, A, Bulamu, N, Bulto, L, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Burns, R, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Busse, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Cai, T, Calina, D, Cámera, L, Campos, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cao, C, Cardenas, C, Cárdenas, R, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carugno, A, Carvalho, F, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Catapano, A, Cattaruzza, M, Caye, A, Cederroth, C, Cembranel, F, Cenderadewi, M, Cercy, K, Cerin, E, Cevik, M, Chacón-Uscamaita, P, Chahine, Y, Chakraborty, C, Chan, J, Chang, C, Charalampous, P, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V, Chavula, M, Cheema, H, Chen, A, Chen, H, Chen, L, Chen, M, Chen, S, Cherbuin, N, Chew, D, Chi, G, Chirinos-Caceres, J, Chitheer, A, Cho, S, Cho, W, Chong, B, Chopra, H, Choudhary, R, Chowdhury, R, Chu, D, Chukwu, I, Chung, E, Chung, S, Cini, K, Clark, C, Coberly, K, Columbus, A, Comfort, H, Conde, J, Conti, S, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Cousin, E, Cowden, R, Criqui, M, Cruz-Martins, N, Culbreth, G, Cullen, P, Cunningham, M, da Silva e Silva, D, Dadana, S, Dadras, O, Dai, Z, Dalal, K, Dalli, L, Damiani, G, D'Amico, E, Daneshvar, S, 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S, Jiang, Heng, Jin, Yingzhao, Jin, Yinzi, Johnson, Olatunji, Jomehzadeh, Nabi, Jones, Darwin Phan, Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Abel, Joseph, Nitin, Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kaambwa, Billingsley, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Hannaneh, Kabir, Zubair, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kahe, Farima, Kakodkar, Pradnya Vishal, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kaliyadan, Feroze, Kalra, Sanjay, Kamath, Ashwin, Kamireddy, Arun, Kanagasabai, Thanigaivelan, Kandel, Himal, Kanmiki, Edmund Wedam, Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem, Kantar, Rami S, Kapoor, Neeti, Karajizadeh, Mehrdad, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karanth, Shama D, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karim, Asima, Karimi, Hanie, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Karimi Behnagh, Arman, Karkhah, Samad, Karna, Ajit K, Kashoo, Faizan Zaffar, Kasraei, Hengameh, Kassaw, Nigussie Assefa, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kassel, Molly B, Katamreddy, Adarsh, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Katoto, Patrick DMC, Kauppila, Joonas H, Kaur, Navjot, Kaydi, Neda, Kayibanda, Jeanne Françoise, 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Skrindo, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Kompani, Farzad, Koren, Gerbrand, Kosen, Soewarta, Kostev, Karel, Kotnis, Ashwin Laxmikant, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krishna, Hare, Krishnamoorthy, Vijay, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Krohn, Kris J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kubeisy, Connor M, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kuddus, Md Abdul, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kuitunen, Ilari, Kujan, Omar, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kulkarni, Vishnutheertha, Kumar, Ashish, Kumar, Harish, Kumar, Nithin, Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Shiv, Kumari, Madhulata, Kurmanova, Almagul, Kurmi, Om P, Kusnali, Asep, Kusuma, Dian, Kutluk, Tezer, Kuttikkattu, Ambily, Kyei, Evans F, Kyriopoulos, Ilias, La Vecchia, Carlo, Ladan, Muhammad Awwal, Laflamme, Lucie, Lahariya, Chandrakant, Lahmar, Abdelilah, Lai, Daphne Teck Ching, Laksono, Tri, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lám, Judit, Lamnisos, Demetris, Lan, Tuo, Lanfranchi, Francesco, Langguth, Berthold, Lansingh, Van 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S, Manjula, S N, Chandan, S Sunnerhagen, Katharina, Saad, Aly M A, Sabbatucci, Michela, Saber, Korosh, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, Sacco, Simona, Saddik, Basema, Saddler, Adam, Sadee, Bashdar Abuzed, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Sadeghian, Saeid, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi, Maryam, Safi, Sare, Sagar, Rajesh, Saghazadeh, Amene, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajedi, Seyed Aidin, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Sakshaug, Joseph W, Salahi, Saina, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salamati, Payman, Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa, Salaroli, Luciane B, Saleh, Mohamed A, Salehi, Sana, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salem, Mohammed Z Y, Salimi, Sohrab, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Samadzadeh, Sara, Samara, Kamel A, Samargandy, Saad, Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo, Samuel, Vijaya Paul, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanadgol, Nima, Sanganyado, Edmond, Sanjeev, Rama Krishna, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Sanna, Francesca, Santri, Ichtiarini Nurullita, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sarasmita, Made Ary, Saravanan, 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Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamshad, Hina, Shamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali, Shamsi, Mohammad Anas, Shanawaz, Mohd, Shankar, Abhishek, Sharfaei, Sadaf, Sharifan, Amin, Shariff, Mariam, Sharifi-Rad, Javad, Sharma, Manoj, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Saurab, Sharma, Vishal, Shastry, Rajesh P, Shavandi, Amin, Shaw, David H, Shayan, Amir Mehdi, Shehabeldine, Amr Mohamed Elsayed, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Shen, Jiabin, Shenoy, Manjunath Mala, Shetty, B Suresh Kumar, Shetty, Ranjitha S, Shey, Robert Adamu, Shiani, Amir, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Desalegn, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shittu, Aminu, Shiue, Ivy, Shivakumar, K M, Shivarov, Velizar, Shool, Sina, Shrestha, Sunil, Shuja, Kanwar Hamza, Shuval, Kerem, Si, Yafei, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, João Pedro, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Silva, Soraia, Simões, Jorge Piano, Simpson, Colin R, Singal, Anjali, 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Published
2024

28. Automated Detection of Galactic Rings from SDSS Images

Author

Abraham, Linn, Abraham, Sheelu, Kembhavi, Ajit K., Philip, N. S., Aniyan, A. K., Barway, Sudhanshu, Kumar, Harish, Abraham, Linn, Abraham, Sheelu, Kembhavi, Ajit K., Philip, N. S., Aniyan, A. K., Barway, Sudhanshu, and Kumar, Harish

Abstract

Morphological features in galaxies, like spiral arms, bars, rings, tidal tails etc. carry information about their structure, origin and evolution. It is therefore important to catalogue and study such features and to correlate them with other basic galaxy properties the environment in which the galaxies are located and their interactions with other galaxies. Surveys such as SDSS, Pan-STARRS, HSC-SSP have made available very large samples of galaxies for gainful morphological studies. The availability of galaxy images and catalogues will increase manifold with future surveys like LSST. The volume of present and future data is so large that traditional methods, which involve expert astronomers identifying morphological features through visual inspection, are no longer sufficient. It is therefore necessary to use AI based techniques like machine learning and deep learning for finding morphological structures quickly and efficiently. We report in this study the application of deep learning for finding ring like structures in galaxy images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data release DR18. We use a catalogue by Buta (2017) of ringed galaxies from the SDSS to train the network reaching good accuracy and recall, and generate a catalogue of 29420 galaxies of which 9805 have ring like structures with prediction confidence exceeding 90 percent. Using a catalogue of barred galaxy images identified by Abraham et. al. (2018) using deep learning techniques, we identify a set of 2087 galaxies with bars as well as rings. The catalogues should be very useful in understanding the origin of these important morphological structures., Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures, 1 Table. Submitted to ApJ

Published
2024

29. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

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Konstantinos, Nikoobar, Ali, Nikoomanesh, Fatemeh, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles, Noman, Efaq Ali, Nomura, Shuhei, Noreen, Mamoona, Noroozi, Nafise, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Novotney, Amanda, Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi, Ntaios, George, Ntsekhe, Mpiko, Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia, Nurrika, Dieta, Nutor, Jerry John, Oancea, Bogdan, Obamiro, Kehinde O, Oboh, Mary Aigbiremo, Odetokun, Ismail A, Odogwu, Nkechi Martina, O'Donnell, Martin James, Oduro, Michael Safo, Ofakunrin, Akinyemi O D, Ogunkoya, Abiola, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Oh, In-Hwan, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okeke, Sylvester Reuben, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olaiya, Muideen Tunbosun, Olatubi, Matthew Idowu, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Oluwafemi, Yinka Doris, Omar, Hany A, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Goran Latif, Ondayo, Maureene Auma, Ong, Sokking, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Onyedibe, Kenneth Ikenna, Ordak, Michal, Orisakwe, Orish Ebere, Orish, Verner N, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Wael M S, Ostroff, Samuel M, Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi, Otoiu, Adrian, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Ouyahia, Amel, Ouyang, Guoqing, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Ozten, Yaz, P A, Mahesh Padukudru, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pal, Pramod Kumar, Palicz, Tamás, Palladino, Claudia, Palladino, Raffaele, Palma-Alvarez, Raul Felipe, Pan, Feng, Pan, Hai-Feng, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Paramjot, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R, Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha, Panos, Georgios D, Panos, Leonidas D, Pantazopoulos, Ioannis, Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela, Papadopoulou, Paraskevi, Parikh, Romil R, Park, Seoyeon, Parthasarathi, Ashwaghosha, Pashaei, Ava, Pasovic, Maja, Passera, Roberto, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Hemal M, Patel, Jay, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Patil, Shankargouda, Patoulias, Dimitrios, Patthipati, Venkata Suresh, Paudel, Uttam, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A, Peden, Amy E, Pedersini, Paolo, Pensato, Umberto, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Peprah, Prince, Perdigão, João, Pereira, Marcos, Peres, Mario F P, Perianayagam, Arokiasamy, Perico, Norberto, Pestell, Richard G, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily, Petri, William A, Pham, Hoang Tran, Philip, Anil K, Phillips, Michael R, Pierannunzio, Daniela, Pigeolet, Manon, Pigott, David M, Pilgrim, Thomas, Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Piradov, Michael A, Pirouzpanah, Saeed, Plakkal, Nishad, Plotnikov, Evgenii, Podder, Vivek, Poddighe, Dimitri, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R, Poluru, Ramesh, Ponkilainen, Ville T, Porru, Fabio, Postma, Maarten J, Poudel, Govinda Raj, Pourshams, Akram, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prada, Sergio I, Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh, Prakasham, Thejeswar N, Prasad, Manya, Prashant, Akila, Prates, Elton Junio Sady, Prieto Alhambra, Daniel, PRISCILLA, TINA, Pritchett, Natalie, Purohit, Bharathi M, Puvvula, Jagadeesh, Qasim, Nameer Hashim, Qattea, Ibrahim, Qazi, Asma Saleem, Qian, Gangzhen, Qiu, Suli, Qureshi, Maryam Faiz, Rabiee Rad, Mehrdad, Radfar, Amir, Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Raeisi Shahraki, Hadi, Rafferty, Quinn, Raggi, Alberto, Raghav, Pankaja Raghav, Raheem, Nasiru, Rahim, Fakher, Rahim, Md Jillur, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Md Mosfequr, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmani, Shayan, Rahmanian, Vahid, Rajaa, Sathish, Rajput, Prashant, Rakovac, Ivo, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Ramazanu, Sheena, Rana, Kritika, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rancic, Nemanja, Rane, Amey, Rao, Chythra R, Rao, Indu Ramachandra, Rao, Mithun, Rao, Sowmya J, Rasali, Drona Prakash, Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Sina, Rashedi, Vahid, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rasouli-Saravani, Ashkan, Rasul, Azad, Rathnaiah Babu, Giridhara, Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar, Ravangard, Ramin, Ravikumar, Nakul, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rawlley, Bharat, Raza, Rabail Zehra, Razo, Christian, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Rehman, Faizan Ur, Reifels, Lennart, Reiner Jr, Robert C, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Rezaei, Maryam, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rhee, Taeho Gregory, Riaz, Mavra A, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Rickard, Jennifer, Riva, Hannah R, Robinson-Oden, Hannah Elizabeth, Rodrigues, Célia Fortuna, Rodrigues, Mónica, Roever, Leonardo, Rogowski, Emma Lynn Best, Rohloff, Peter, Romadlon, Debby Syahru, Romero-Rodríguez, Esperanza, Romoli, Michele, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rout, Himanshu Sekhar, Roy, Nitai, Roy, Priyanka, Rubagotti, Enrico, Ruela, Guilherme de Andrade, Rumisha, Susan Fred, Runghien, Tilleye, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Rynkiewicz, Andrzej, S N, Chandan, Saad, Aly M A, Saadatian, Zahra, Saber, Korosh, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, SaberiKamarposhti, Morteza, Sabour, Siamak, Sacco, Simona, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sachdeva, Rajesh, Saddik, Basema, Saddler, Adam, Sadee, Bashdar Abuzed, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghian, Farideh, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saeed, Umar, Safaeinejad, Fahimeh, Safi, Sher Zaman, Sagar, Rajesh, Saghazadeh, Amene, Sagoe, Dominic, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop, Sahoo, Umakanta, Sahu, Monalisha, Saif, Zahra, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Sakshaug, Joseph W, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa, Salaroli, Luciane B, Saleh, Mohamed A, Salehi, Sana, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salem, Mohammed Z Y, Salimi, Sohrab, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Samadzadeh, Sara, Samargandy, Saad, Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanna, Francesca, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sarasmita, Made Ary, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Saravanan, Aswini, Saravi, Babak, Sarikhani, Yaser, Sarkar, Tanmay, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarode, Gargi Sachin, Sarode, Sachin C, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sayeed, Abu, Sayeed, Md Abu, Saylan, Mete, Sayyah, Mehdi, Scarmeas, Nikolaos, Schaarschmidt, Benedikt Michael, Schlaich, Markus P, Schlee, Winfried, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola, Schuermans, Art, Schumacher, Austin E, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwarzinger, Michaël, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Šekerija, Mario, Selvaraj, Siddharthan, Senapati, Sabyasachi, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serban, Dragos, Sethi, Yashendra, Sha, Feng, Shabany, Maryam, Shafaat, Amir, Shafie, Mahan, Shah, Nilay S, Shah, Pritik A, Shah, Syed Mahboob, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbandi, Ataollah, Shahid, Izza, Shahid, Samiah, Shahid, Wajeehah, Shahsavari, Hamid R, Shahwan, Moyad Jamal, Shaikh, Ahmed, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakeri, Alireza, Shalash, Ali S, Sham, Sunder, Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamshad, Hina, Shamsi, Mohammad Anas, Shanawaz, Mohd, Shankar, Abhishek, Sharfaei, Sadaf, Sharifan, Amin, Sharifi-Rad, Javad, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Saurab, Sharma, Ujjawal, Sharma, Vishal, Shastry, Rajesh P, Shavandi, Amin, Shayan, Maryam, Shehabeldine, Amr Mohamed Elsayed, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Shen, Jiabin, Shetty, Adithi, Shetty, B Suresh Kumar, Shetty, Pavanchand H, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Desalegn, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shin, Youn Ho, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shitaye, Nebiyu Aniley, Shittu, Aminu, Shiue, Ivy, Shivakumar, K M, Shivarov, Velizar, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shokri, Azad, Shool, Sina, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shrestha, Sunil, Shuval, Kerem, Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Silva, João Pedro, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Silva, Soraia, Simpson, Colin R, Singal, Anjali, Singh, Abhinav, Singh, Balbir Bagicha, Singh, Garima, Singh, Jasbir, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sinto, Robert, Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Sirota, Sarah Brooke, Sitas, Freddy, Sivakumar, Shravan, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sleet, David A, Socea, Bogdan, Sokhan, Anton, Solanki, Ranjan, Solanki, Shipra, Soleimani, Hamidreza, Soliman, Sameh S M, Song, Suhang, Song, Yimeng, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spartalis, Michael, Spearman, Sandra, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srivastava, Vijay Kumar, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stanikzai, Muhammad Haroon, Stark, Benjamin A, Starnes, Joseph R, Starodubova, Antonina V, Stein, Caroline, Stein, Dan J, Steinbeis, Fridolin, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinmetz, Jaimie D, Steiropoulos, Paschalis, Stevanović, Aleksandar, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Stortecky, Stefan, Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan, Suleman, Muhammad, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sultana, Abida, Sun, Haitong Zhe, Sun, Jing, Sundström, Johan, Sunkersing, David, Sunnerhagen, Katharina S, Swain, Chandan Kumar, Szarpak, Lukasz, Szeto, Mindy D, Szócska, Miklós, Tabaee Damavandi, Payam, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabatabaei Malazy, Ozra, Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir, Tabatabai, Shima, Tabish, Mohammad, TADAKAMADLA, JYOTHI, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taheri Abkenar, Yasaman, Taheri Soodejani, Moslem, Taiba, Jabeen, Takahashi, Ken, Talaat, Iman M, Talukder, Ashis, Tampa, Mircea, Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tandukar, Sarmila, Tang, Haosu, Tang, Hong K, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, Tariku, Mengistie Kassahun, Tariqujjaman, Md, Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang, Tavakoli Oliaee, Razieh, Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tefera, Yibekal Manaye, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Reem Mohamad Hani, Teramoto, Masayuki, Tesler, Riki, Teye-Kwadjo, Enoch, Thakur, Rishu, Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Tharwat, Samar, Thayakaran, Rasiah, Thomas, Nihal, Thomas, Nikhil Kenny, Thomson, Azalea M, Thrift, Amanda G, Thum, Chern Choong Chern, Thygesen, Lau Caspar, Tian, Jing, Tichopad, Ales, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tillawi, Tala, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Toriola, Adetunji T, Torre, Anna E, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Jasmine T, Tran, Nghia Minh, Trico, Domenico, Tromans, Samuel Joseph, Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai, Tsatsakis, Aristidis, Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom, Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini, Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya, Tung, Kang, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Nazim, Udoakang, Aniefiok John, Udoh, Arit, Ullah, Atta, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Saeed, Ullah, Sana, Umakanthan, Srikanth, Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David, Unim, Brigid, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Unsworth, Carolyn Anne, Upadhyay, Era, Urso, Daniele, Usman, Jibrin Sammani, Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj, Valizadeh, Rohollah, Van de Velde, Sarah M, Van den Eynde, Jef, Varga, Orsolya, Vart, Priya, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasic, Milena, Vaziri, Siavash, Vellingiri, Balachandar, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Verghese, Nicholas Alexander, Verma, Madhur, Veroux, Massimiliano, Verras, Georgios-Ioannis, Vervoort, Dominique, Villafañe, Jorge Hugo, Villanueva, Gabriela Ines, Vinayak, Manish, Violante, Francesco S, Viskadourou, Maria, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vo, Bay, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vongpradith, Avina, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S, Vukovic, Rade, Wafa, Hatem A, Waheed, Yasir, Wamai, Richard G, Wang, Cong, Wang, Ning, Wang, Shu, Wang, Song, Wang, Yanzhong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Waqas, Muhammad, Ward, Paul, Wassie, Emebet Gashaw, Watson, Stefanie, Watson, Stephanie Louise Watson, Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan, Wei, Melissa Y, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Westerman, Ronny, Whisnant, Joanna L, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wilandika, Angga, Wilkerson, Caroline, Willeit, Peter, Wilson, Shadrach, Wojewodzic, Marcin W, Woldegebreal, Demewoz H, Wolf, Axel Walter, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondimagegene, Yohannes Addisu, Wong, Yen Jun, Wongsin, Utoomporn, Wu, Ai-Min, Wu, Chenkai, Wu, Felicia, Wu, Xinsheng, Wu, Zenghong, Xia, Juan, Xiao, Hong, Xie, Yang, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Wang-Dong, Xu, Xiaoyue, Xu, Yvonne Yiru, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yang, Danting, Yang, Lin, Yano, Yuichiro, Yao, Yao, Yaribeygi, Habib, Ye, Pengpeng, Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad, Yesiltepe, Metin, Yesuf, Subah Abderehim, Yezli, Saber, Yi, Siyan, Yigezu, Amanuel, Yiğit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yip, Paul, Yismaw, Malede Berihun, Yismaw, Yazachew, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, You, Yuyi, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Yong, Yuh, Faith H, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zadnik, Vesna, Zafari, Nima, Zakham, Fathiah, Zaki, Nazar, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamora, Nelson, Zand, Ramin, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zar, Heather J, Zare, Iman, Zarrintan, Armin, Zeariya, Mohammed G M, Zeinali, Zahra, Zhang, Haijun, Zhang, Jianrong, Zhang, Jingya, Zhang, Liqun, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhao, Hanqing, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Juexiao, Zhu, Bin, Zhu, Lei, Ziafati, Makan, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zitoun, Osama A, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zou, Zhiyong, Zuhlke, Liesl J, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zweck, Elric, Zyoud, Samer H, Wool, Eve E, and Murray, Christopher J L

Published
2024

30. On the Round Complexity of Asynchronous Crusader Agreement

Author

Ittai Abraham and Naama Ben-David and Gilad Stern and Sravya Yandamuri, Abraham, Ittai, Ben-David, Naama, Stern, Gilad, Yandamuri, Sravya, Ittai Abraham and Naama Ben-David and Gilad Stern and Sravya Yandamuri, Abraham, Ittai, Ben-David, Naama, Stern, Gilad, and Yandamuri, Sravya

Abstract

We present new lower and upper bounds on the number of communication rounds required for asynchronous Crusader Agreement (CA) and Binding Crusader Agreement (BCA), two primitives that are used for solving binary consensus. We show results for the information theoretic and authenticated settings. In doing so, we present a generic model for proving round complexity lower bounds in the asynchronous setting. In some settings, our attempts to prove lower bounds on round complexity fail. Instead, we show new, tight, rather surprising round complexity upper bounds for Byzantine fault tolerant BCA with and without a PKI setup.

Published
2024
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31. Automated design optimisation and simulation of stitched antennas for textile devices

Author

Wiri, Abraham

Subjects
621.382, Linear wire antennas, genetic algorithm, Reproduction operation, stitched, Meshed ground plane, Embroidery
Abstract

This thesis describes a novel approach for designing 7-segment and 5-angle pocket and collar planar antennas (for operation at 900 MHz). The motivation for this work originates from the problem of security of children in rural Nigeria where there is risk of abduction. There is a strong potential benefit to be gained from hidden wireless tracking devices (and hence antennas) that can protect their security. An evolutionary method based on a genetic algorithm was used in conjunction with electromagnetic simulation. This method determines the segment length and angle between segments through several generations. The simulation of the antenna was implemented using heuristic crossover with non-uniform mutation. Antennas obtained from the algorithm were fabricated and measured to validate the proposed method. This first part of this research has been limited to linear wire antennas because of the wide range and flexibility of this class of antennas. Linear wire antennas are used for the design of high or low gain, broad or narrow band antennas. Wire antennas are easy and inexpensive to build. All the optimised linear wire antenna samples exhibit similar performances, most of the power is radiated within the GSM900 frequency band. The reflection coefficient (S11) is generally better than -10dB. The method of moment (MoM-NEC2) and FIT (CST Studio Suite 2015) solvers were used for this design. MATLAB is used to as an interface to control computational electromagnetic solvers for antenna designs and analysis. The genetic algorithm procedures were written in MATLAB. The second part of the work focuses on meshed ground planes for applications at 900 MHz global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and 5 GHz wearable wireless local area networks (WLAN) frequencies. Square ground planes were developed and designed using linear equations in MATLAB. The ground plane was stitched using embroidery machines. To examine the effect of meshing on the antenna performance and to normalise the meshed antenna to a reference, solid patch antenna was designed, fabricated on an FR4 substrate. A finite grid of resistors was created for numerical simulation in MATLAB. The resistance from the centre to any node of a finite grid of resistors are evaluated using nodal analysis. The probability that a node connects to each node in the grid was computed. The circuit model has been validated against the experimental model by measurement of the meshed ground plane. A set of measurement were collected from a meshed and compared with the numerical values, they show good agreement.

Published
2019
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32. Action and identity among Maniq people in southern Thailand

Author

Kricheff, Daniel Abraham and Lewis, J.

Subjects
305.895
Abstract

This thesis is an ethnography of Maniq people living in Southern Thailand. Maniq people are the northernmost group of forest peoples who have traditionally lived throughout the Malay peninsula and Kra Isthmus. The thesis is concerned with the ways in which Maniq people articulate personhood and identity through a framework of pragmatism and social action. To be Maniq, in this way, means to be a "forest person", indicating not just a form of human ecology or subsistence, but a mode of social and political subjectivity which is actively cultivated and performed over a lifetime.

Published
2019

34. Ion permeation through graphene oxide membranes

Author

Abraham, Jijo, Grigorieva, Irina, and Raveendran Nair, Rahul

Subjects
Graphene Oxide Membrane, Physical Confinement, Energy Barrier, Dehydration
Abstract

Graphene oxide (GO), a promising membrane material consisting of oxygenated graphene sheets, hosts a wealth of physicochemical properties such as exceptional chemical stability, flexibility, hygro-responsivity, ultrafast water permeation and exceptional molecular sieving properties, to list a few. However their use in desalination applications requires a stable sub nanometre channels, which are difficult to achieve in GO due to hydration mediated swelling of graphene capillaries. The work presented in this thesis mainly describes how to achieve tunable and swelling controlled sub nanometre capillaries in GO membranes by physical confinement, ion/water transport through such capillaries and the governing transport mechanism. GO membrane with interlayer spacing in the range of ~ 6-10 Å was obtained by utilizing its hygro-responsive property and the subsequent physical confinement by epoxy resin limits the swelling. The epoxy resin acts as physical wall on both sides of the GO laminates, restricting the capillaries from hydration when exposed to water. Regardless of the steric effects, ions still pass through these channels even though the channel size is smaller than the hydrated ion diameter size. This unique observation of violation of steric effects in sub nanometre channel cases is explained by a phenomenon called dehydration. Beyond the sake of fundamental understanding of the transport mechanism in sub nanometre capillaries, our results open the door for developing GO membranes with dehydration mediated ion selectivity for water desalination and separation applications.

Published
2018

35. In vitro and in vivo chronopharmacology of a new generation of an organometallic anticancer drug complex

Author

Abraham, Kristin

Subjects
610, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Abstract

The research presented in this thesis has highlighted the complementary and consistent links between in vitro and in vivo chronopharmacology findings, as shown for the anticancer drug candidate FY26. The use of 24-hour temperature schedules as an effective synchroniser of circadian clocks in vitro and that of core body temperature rhythm as a circadian biomarker in vivo has enabled the precise determination of the endogenous circadian times of best tolerability. This was achieved, as physiological rhythm had been introduced into cell culture conditions. Should these results be applicable to humans, least FY26 toxicity could occur at night, shortly after the physiological nadir in core body temperature. More generally, the synchronisation of healthy and cancer cells with 24-h periodic temperature schedules mimicking physiological cycles could have a high potential to identify optimal drug timing options and underlying chronopharmacokinetics and chronopharmacodymics mechanisms, whilst reducing and replacing animal experiments, as illustrated here. This could indeed encourage the integration of chronotherapy concepts into drug development strategies. In such context, the objectives of animal chronotherapy studies might hence become mostly confirmatory. Thus, the use of core body temperature circadian cycle appears not only as crucial for the determination of the circadian timing resulting in best drug tolerability, antitumour efficacy, and quality of life, but it is also in agreement with the principles of the 3 R's (reduction, refinement and replacement) and the public ethical opinion on animal experiments.

Published
2018

36. Hepatic effects of right heart lesions in adult congenital heart disease : observational study of novel measures of hepatic stiffness in right heart valvular regurgitation

Author

Abraham, Dilip

Subjects
610
Abstract

Background: The optimum timing of pulmonary valve replacement for pulmonary regurgitation in adults (following repair of Tetralogy of Fallot or Pulmonary Stenosis) is under constant refinement. Right ventricular failure causes hepatic congestion which may lead to hepatic fibrosis. Non-invasive methods of measuring hepatic stiffness, a surrogate for hepatic fibrosis, have been developed. The main study aims were to determine if subclinical abnormalities of hepatic structure were present within this population, and whether this correlated with established prognostic markers including right ventricular ejection fraction. Methodology: This observational cross-sectional study examined markers of hepatic stiffness using three modalities, including two imaging modalities - Fibroscan and Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE), and one serum test - the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis panel (ELF score). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, electrocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise test, and NT-Pro-BNP were also utilised. Participants were divided into three study groups. Group 1 contained participants with Moderate-Severe Pulmonary Regurgitation, Group 2 Mild Pulmonary Regurgitation, and Group 3 Tricuspid Regurgitation related to Ebstein's Anomaly (comparator group). Results: ANOVA testing detected no significant difference between study groups across all three indices of hepatic stiffness. Univariate linear regression was performed using the hepatic primary outcomes as the dependent variable in participants with pulmonary regurgitation (Groups 1&2). ELF score significantly correlated (Pearson's correlation coefficient 'r') with right ventricular ejection fraction (r = -0.37, p = 0.03), QRS duration (r = 0.51, p = 0.002), and NT-Pro-BNP (r = 0.39, p = 0.02). MRE significantly correlated with right ventricular end diastolic volume (r = 0.42, p = 0.01), QRS duration (r = 0.043, p = 0.017), and NT-Pro-BNP (r = 0.48, p = 0.006). Fibroscan significantly correlated with NT-Pro-BNP (r = 0.46, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Measurements of hepatic stiffness correlate significantly with established prognostic markers, and may be useful in the clinical surveillance of patients with pulmonary regurgitation.

Published
2018

37. Search for Electroweak Supersymmetry in final states with three electrons or muons plus missing transverse momentum in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider with the ATLAS Detector

Author

Abraham, Nicola Louise

Subjects
530, QC0770 Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
Abstract

A search for the electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos decaying into final states involving three electrons or muons is presented. The analysis is based on 36.1 fb^-1 of √s = 13TeV proton–proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Scenarios considered are based on simplified models with the associated production of the next-to-lightest neutralino and the lightest chargino, followed by their decays into final states with leptons and the lightest neutralino via either sleptons or Standard Model gauge bosons. No significant deviations from Standard Model expectations are observed and stringent limits at 95% confidence level are placed on the masses of relevant supersymmetric particles. For a massless lightest neutralino, masses up to 1.13TeV are excluded for the associated production of the next-to-lightest neutralino and the lightest chargino, assuming slepton mediated decays, whereas for gauge-boson-mediated decays, masses up to 380 GeV are excluded.

Published
2018

38. Securitizing infectious diseases in the People's Republic of China : an analysis of the response of the central government to the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, 2009-2010

Author

Navarro Garcia, Abraham

Subjects
327, HV0551.5.C4 China, RA0650.7.C4 China
Abstract

Amidst growing scholarly interest in global health governance and the securitization of infectious diseases, this thesis presents an analysis of the Chinese government's response to the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in 2009-2010. China is a crucial actor because of its growing economic and political influence in global health governance, the comparatively large size of its population, and because China is also considered to be the likely geographic site for the outbreak of a future flu pandemic. Although the existing literature has not explored the Chinese response to the pandemic in much detail, closer analysis reveals that Chinese officials implemented one of the harshest public-health responses in the world - even for Asian standards. Curiously, in contrast to securitization, they did not characterise pandemic influenza as a verified existential threat, but simultaneously as plausibly catastrophic and mild. In explaining the Chinese response to the H1N1 pandemic, the thesis explores three key factors: (1) the wider international context that China was operating in, (2) the political organisation of the country, and (3) its historical experience. Overall, the thesis argues, the harsh accent on containment in the response was motivated by a strong desire to internationally demonstrate the capacity of the country to deal with pandemic influenza, especially as a way of vindicating the tarnished image of China about its poor performance to control other epidemics. On the other hand, the equivocal comprehensive characterisation of the disease resulted from emerging evidence of the mildness of the disease and the caution of Chinese leaders to prevent social panic. The case study contributes to filling a gap in the literature about securitization applied to global health and China. It also highlights the relevance of historical experience to identify patterns of security frameworks. Contradictory evidence may emerge to recognize the occurrence of securitization when the characterisation of the alleged threat is not consistently existential, even when other criteria like the involvement of high authorities, the priority status of an issue, the implementation of disruptive measures, the allocation of special funds and the use of security language are identified. On the other hand, understanding securitization as defined by the existential nature of the threat or as open to an intensified interpretation affects the assessment of the evidence.

Published
2018

39. The unpleasantness of pain

Author

Sapién-Córdoba, Abraham

Subjects
128, B Philosophy (General)
Abstract

Pain is unpleasant. Given that pain is the paradigmatic example of an unpleasant experience, I aim to shed light on what pain and unpleasantness are by trying to understand what it means for a pain to be unpleasant, what the structure of unpleasantness is, and by tackling several problematic aspects of the relation between pain and unpleasantness. By doing this, I will also provide a general account of what it means for an experience that might not be a pain to be unpleasant. The thesis is organised into seven chapters and divided by three main themes: i) what the unpleasantness of pain consists in, ii) how we can account for the great phenomenal diversity among experiences of unpleasantness, and iii) which cases suggest that there could be pains that are not unpleasant. Broadly, the first two chapters deal with the first theme, the third and fourth chapter with the second theme, and the fifth and sixth chapter focus on the third theme. In the final chapter I offer a conclusion of the three main themes by providing my own view on the unpleasantness of pain. According to this account, an unpleasant experience is something felt, it is a phenomenal property of mental states, and this property should be understood using the determinable determinate distinction. By doing all of this, this thesis will provide a detailed understanding of the nature of pain and unpleasantness.

Published
2018

40. Adaptive supervisory control scheme for voltage controlled demand response in power systems

Author

Abraham, Etimbuk and Mutale, Joseph

Subjects
621.31, principal component analysis, Frequency control, voltage-controlled demand response, model predictive control, structural equation modeling, clustering
Abstract

Radical changes to present day power systems will lead to power systems with a significant penetration of renewable energy sources and smartness, expressed in an extensive utilization of novel sensors and cyber secure Information and Communication Technology. Although these renewable energy sources prove to contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions into the environment, its high penetration affects power system dynamic performance as a result of reduced power system inertia as well as less flexibility with regards to dispatching generation to balance future demand. These pose a threat both to the security and stability of future power systems. It is therefore very important to develop new methods through which power system security and stability can be maintained. This research investigated the development of methods through which the contributions of on-load tap changing transformers/transformer clusters could be assessed with the intent of developing real time adaptive voltage controlled demand response schemes for power systems. The development of such a scheme enables more active system components to be involved in the provision of frequency control as an ancillary service and deploys a new frequency control service with low infrastructural investment, bearing in mind that OLTC transformers are already very prevalent in power systems. In this thesis, a novel online adaptive supervisory controller for ensuring optimal dispatch of voltage-controlled demand response resources is developed. This novel controller is designed using the assessment results of OLTC transformer impacts on steady-state frequency and was tested for a variety of scenarios. To achieve the effective performance of the adaptive supervisory controller, the extensive use of statistical techniques for assessing OLTC transformer contributions to voltage controlled demand response is presented. This thesis also includes the use of unsupervised machine learning techniques for power system partitioning and the further use of statistical methods for assessing the contributions of OLTC transformer aggregates.

Published
2018

41. Self-referenced evanescent wave sensor for low limit of detection applications

Author

Kirwa, Abraham Tuwei, Martin, Grell, and Williams, Nick H.

Subjects
500
Abstract

We have designed and implemented a low noise evanescent wave sensor (EWS) based on lock-in amplifier and sensitized glass optical fibre for detection of waterborne and airborne analytes. We stripped the buffer and cladding from a 2 cm section in the middle of a 20 cm long 400 μm core multimode glass optical fibre and coated it with a film of a sensitive molecule. We then ran the coated optical fibre through a sample vessel such that the film was in contact with a sample that may contain analyte, and probed with modulated light, coupled into the fibre from an LED. We matched the LED peak emission wavelength to the absorption peak of the sensitizer-analyte complex formed and used the reference voltage output of a digital lock-in amplifier for modulation. To account for possible LED drift, we propagated the modulated light through a 50:50 beam splitter, where one beam was coupled to the coated fibre (sample beam) and the other acts as a reference beam. We then projected the two beams onto two photodiodes connected to a 'light balance' circuit that delivers a differential current ∆i, which is proportional to the absorbance along the sample beam and converts it into a voltage. Finally, this voltage was fed into the digital lock-in amplifier for low- noise measurement. As a proof of concept, we spray-coated the stripped section of the optical fibre with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[3,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)phenyl]-21H,23H-porphine (EHO), which is sensitive to acetic acid and ran the fibre through a gas exposure chamber. Then we exposed acetic acid vapour, which is being detected, into the chamber and found a limit of detection (LoD), (defined as the lowest concentration that a sensor can detect) equal to 1.491 ppt (61.48 µM). To compare the performance of our EWS in air and in aqueous media, we coated the same sensitizer (EHO) to the stripped section of the fibre and run through deionised water in a sample vessel. Titrating acetic acid solution into the vessel, we obtained a LoD equal to 18.43 µM, which is 3.3 times better than in air. We further tested the performance of our EWS by spray-coating the stripped section of the fibre with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) to detect aqueous Zn2+ and obtained 31.07 nM as a LoD. To improve the analytical performance of our EWS, we roughened the stripped section of the sensing fibre with a home-made roughening tool based on a Dremel tool. Then we spray-coated optical fibres with a macrocyclic sensitizer, zinc 5-(4-carboxyphenyl),10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrin (Zn(P-CO2H-TPP)) and used them to detect waterborne octylamine realizing a LoD equal to 2.17 μM. In conclusion, we find EWS sensors are particularly useful for sensing in the aqueous medium, as the higher refractive index (1.333) of water, (compared to air (1)) allows deeper evanescence of the light propagating inside the fibre, and hence better coupling to the sensitizer coating, than in gas sensing.

Published
2018

42. Ideas and transnational climate change governance : how environmental beliefs shape REDD+ projects

Author

Abraham, Benjamin and Hale, Thomas

Subjects
363.738, forest governance, international relations, climate change, environmental politics, transnational governance, politics, public policy
Abstract

Both scholars and policymakers working on transnational climate change governance (TCG) have largely sidestepped long-running ideological debates within environmentalism. This thesis brings the issue into the spotlight by investigating how "environmental beliefs", which I define as actors' normative and causal ideas about dealing with environmental challenges, affect TCG. Specifically, I focus on projects associated with "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries" (REDD+) as a subset of TCG. I examine how environmental beliefs affect who partners together to create a REDD+ project and how they are designed and implemented. I conduct a nested analysis, involving a large-N logistic regression analysis of an originally coded database of REDD+ projects and their developers and five case studies of projects in Colombia and Peru. The quantitative analysis demonstrates an independently important relationship between the environmental beliefs of project developers, operationalised through Clapp and Dauvergne (2005, 2011)'s "environmental worldviews", and emphasis on different aspects of REDD+ project design. Qualitative evidence from the case studies corroborates these findings and, with process tracing, I distil specific mechanisms through which environmental beliefs affect REDD+ projects. I show that project developers prefer to partner with those who share similar environmental beliefs and emphasise project aspects that resonate with their beliefs during project design and implementation. These findings show that environmental beliefs are not epiphenomenal and are likely generalisable to other types of TCG with relevance for the broader study of International Relations (IR). They imply that scholars and policymakers should pay greater attention to environmental beliefs; which ones are included (or not) by governance structures will likely tangibly impact their design and operation. Both scholars and policymakers working on transnational climate change governance (TCG) have largely sidestepped long-running ideological debates within environmentalism. This thesis brings the issue into the spotlight by investigating how "environmental beliefs", which I define as actors' normative and causal ideas about dealing with environmental challenges, affect TCG. Specifically, I focus on projects associated with "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries" (REDD+) as a subset of TCG. I examine how environmental beliefs affect who partners together to create a REDD+ project and how they are designed and implemented. I conduct a nested analysis, involving a large-N logistic regression analysis of an originally coded database of REDD+ projects and their developers and five case studies of projects in Colombia and Peru. The quantitative analysis demonstrates an independently important relationship between the environmental beliefs of project developers, operationalised through Clapp and Dauvergne (2005, 2011)'s "environmental worldviews", and emphasis on different aspects of REDD+ project design. Qualitative evidence from the case studies corroborates these findings and, with process tracing, I distil specific mechanisms through which environmental beliefs affect REDD+ projects. I show that project developers prefer to partner with those who share similar environmental beliefs and emphasise project aspects that resonate with their beliefs during project design and implementation. These findings show that environmental beliefs are not epiphenomenal and are likely generalisable to other types of TCG with relevance for the broader study of International Relations (IR). They imply that scholars and policymakers should pay greater attention to environmental beliefs; which ones are included (or not) by governance structures will likely tangibly impact their design and operation.

Published
2018

43. The road to age-friendly mobility : how cycling changes the way we age

Author

Den Hoed, Abraham Willem

Subjects
388.3
Abstract

In recent years, the Western world has seen continuous urbanisation and population ageing. This challenges the sustainability and suitability of urban mobility for people of all ages. The present project combines work on Age-Friendly Cities, geographies of ageing, and urban transport to study complex interrelations between ageing and mobility. Both are relational to the urban setting, as well as the social environment, health, and wellbeing. This holistic approach is rarely evident in separated, utilitarian studies on urban (car) transport, health, and ageing. This thesis advances the Age-Friendly City concept by highlighting urban cycling as means to accommodate the mobility and wellbeing opportunities of older people. Adhering to a critical mobilities approach, the study engages with long-term experiences that precede mobility in older age. To elucidate the deeply contextual practice of cycling, it develops a methodology of complementary cases studies in 'ordinary' urban areas of high- and low-cycling contexts - Rotterdam (the Netherlands) and Newcastle-upon-Tyne (United Kingdom). This 'relational mobilities design' triangulates multiple qualitative methods to examine the past, present, and future mobilities of cyclists and non-cyclists. The findings provide compelling evidence that everyday urban cycling is normalised and learned over time; affected by life events, incremental and disruptive mobility negotiations, and bodily change. Personal and environmental effects shape cycling as normalised or marginalised transport, resulting in meanings and types of cycling that complement typical expectations of high- and low­ cycling contexts. This thesis furthers the potential of cycling as form of everyday transport for a diversity of ages and abilities. With cycling as analytical lens, it identifies mobility practices as biographically embedded and shaped by physical transport environments. Physical, mental, and social wellbeing in later life benefit greatly, and are actively sustained, through (cycling) mobility. By advancing an all-age understanding of urban cycling, it concludes how normalisation of cycling in daily mobilities and urban landscapes is imperative. This insight provides important resources for sustainable mobility futures, quality of (later) life, and positive ageing.

Published
2018

44. Hunting : a technology of belonging in northern Cyprus

Author

Betz-Heinemann, Khalil 'Avi' Abraham Vernon

Subjects
306.4
Abstract

An anthropological study of hunting in Northern Cyprus based on 17 months of fieldwork. Hunting is theorised as technology, as opposed to technique. This enables a sociotechnical analysis of how hunters, nonhumans, political forms and their spatialization make each other. I examine prehistoric seasonal organisation in Cyprus, in relation to human-animal relations that are not by default exploitative, and their replacement by the 'hunter-king' with the arrival of civilisation. Hunting emerges as a defining feature of coercive civilisation, rather than prehistoric society. I examine the later emergence of citizen(man) hunters, as part of European democratic modernity and conduct an ethnographic history of its particulars in Northern Cyprus. I conclude that hunting is delivered as a public service to Turkish Cypriot citizens who claim it. A thick description of schematic and statistical data on Northern Cyprus, Turkish Cypriots, hunters and hunting is then presented to denaturalize these categories, before evaluating them within the context of the TRNC State. I identify human-environmental relations in hunting as part of a process of belonging with other Turkish Cypriot men and the land. I analyse how a hunting establishment holds 'categorical' authority built on these living relations, as well as how it reproduces hunting 'leisure' space through making adaptations within historical margins embedded in spatialized infrastructure. Including law, mapping, bird breeding, committee meetings and punishment of pests. I examine the deeds of hunting as cultivating an ideal of nature being free, at ease but alert. Embodying this ideal in hunting, yields gifts that one is entitled to. Where receiving gifts from the land as a free person, also justifies oneself as a free citizen, with a natural right to the land as part of a Turkish Cypriot community, as hunter and as national. I conclude that people are spatialized in a world of nationality linked to private and public property. Therefore, it is incumbent upon people to naturalise their ideals as entitlements, because that is the 'natural order' that justifies one's position, in a world that requires that justification.

Published
2018

46. Translating climate change policy : the case of REDD+ in Ghana

Author

Arhin, Albert Abraham and Watson, Elizabeth

Subjects
363.738, REDD+, Climate Change, Ghana, Forest Policy, policy translation, political ecology, natural resource management, climate mitigation, carbon emissions, policy process theories
Abstract

The policy of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) has been promoted at the global level as an innovative approach to reduce forest loss that contributes to about one-fifth of global climate change. My dissertation brings together theories of policy processes and political ecology to examine REDD+ at three levels: global, national and local. It focuses on how this global climate policy is translated from one geographical scale to another and from policy into practice. The analysis of how REDD+ is transformed through this process provides insights into the extent to which REDD+ is likely to achieve its aims of reducing forest loss and mitigating global climate change. The national and local cases are drawn from Ghana, West Africa. The study is mainly qualitative, and employs semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, oral histories, participatory activities, and document analysis, as methodologies. At the global scale, I explore how REDD+ became a global climate policy and the range of global expectations that supported its rise to prominence. I argue that REDD+ became prominent because of three main strategies employed by its proponents: first, the re-introduction of the role of forest-sector emissions to climate change negotiations; second, the setting-up of financial schemes to attract and mobilise support for REDD+; and third, the establishment of safeguards mechanisms to address criticisms raised by stakeholders that opposed REDD+. At the national level, I examine how the policy processes related to REDD+ were translated from the global scale to the national context of Ghana. I critically examine the narratives around how deforestation was understood and the range of actions that were subsequently identified as options for achieving REDD+ outcomes. I show that REDD+ has created opportunities for promising reforms and structures on forest management in Ghana; yet it is unlikely to achieve its intended objectives because of (i) problems with the way the narrative has framed the causes of deforestation; (ii) a failure to fully address long-standing problems with tenure and benefit-sharing frameworks; and (iii) the centralisation of revenue generation that is limiting local-level implementation of plans. At the local levels, I focus on how two REDD+ pilot projects were unfolding. Similar to the national level, my analysis reveals that the projects have employed questionable narratives about the ways deforestation is produced in both cases. In addition, the solutions designed to address deforestation were found to contain misplaced assumptions that undermine the prospects of both projects to achieve their intended objectives. The research highlights the messy processes of translation of global climate policies such as REDD+ as they move from one scale to another, and from policy to practice. The study contributes to understanding how problematic narratives, misguided assumptions, and diverse interests, create gaps between the policy ideas and their implementation as global climate policy is translated from one geographical scale to another.

Published
2017
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47. (Re)thinking children’s picturebooks as the mirror of contemporary society

Author

Skaremyr, Ellinor, Hermansson, Carina, Abraham, Getahun Yacob, Lindström, Margareta, Skaremyr, Ellinor, Hermansson, Carina, Abraham, Getahun Yacob, and Lindström, Margareta

Abstract

This study deals with all children’s possibilities of meeting the multilingual society and aims to explore the norms regarding language and culture that are reflected in picturebooks in preschools. Previous research has shown how picturebooks can be used to develop literacy skills and intercultural understandings among children. A postcolonial lens is used to identify social locations and thereby unfold hidden power relations and social positionings of who is to be included and who is not (Spivak, 1988; Yuval-Davis, 2006). 35 picturebooks collected from preschools in Iceland, Norway and Sweden have been analysed by frequency and qualitative content analysis, eleven of which were found to contain multilingualism and/or multiculturalism. The results show a) a prevailing monolingual norm in which solely artefacts carry multilingual trails; b) a strong monocultural norm, which places people of diversity in a marginalised position; c) the English language holds an advanced position compared to majority languages, which situates other minority languages as anomalous. The educational significance of the research implicates a need for multilingual and multicultural diversity to be more observable in picturebooks used in preschool, to help children develop languages, and their own linguistic and cultural identity/-ies and, thus, their sense of belonging to a multilingual society.

Published
2024
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48. Levande men obetydlig : En analys av kosmisk skräck i H.P. Lovecrafts författarskap

Author

Jidah, Abraham and Jidah, Abraham

Abstract

My essay is called “Alive but Insignificant: An Analysis of Cosmic Horror in H.P. Lovecraft’s Writing”. Howard Phillips Lovecraft has written many short stories surrounding the idea of “cosmic horror”. In this essay I seek to investigate how this cosmic horror works and what connections it has to occultism by analyzing six of his short stories: The Call of Cthulhu, The Colour Out of Space, The Dream Quest of Unknown Kadath, The Haunter of The Dark, The Nameless City and Nyarlathotep. In the essay I use sources that show Lovecraft’s biography and letters to build an idea of how he might have been thinking when writing and in the theory segment I bring up the sublime to show what “cosmic horror” means when analyzing Lovecraft. I analyze the stories based on three categories: The Fear of Cosmos, The Fear of The Occult and The Fear of The Abyss. In the second to last segment called discussion I got through everything that I have found through my analysis: Within The Fear of Cosmos, I analyze The Colour Out of Space, Nyarlathotep and The Dream Quest of Unknown Kadath to find that the fear comes from the idea that there is a force somewhere out in space that can destroy humanity on a whim and humans have no way of stopping it. Within The Fear of The Occult, I analyze the Cthulhucult in The Call of Cthulhu by bringing up Lovecraft’s connections to occultism and potential connections to Helena Blavatsky. To enforce the connection between Lovecraft and Blavatsky I use a quote from Haunter of The Dark that presents a book that Blavatsky has ties to. There I find that the fear comes from the idea that a malevolent monster is whispering in the ears of people, encouraging them to commit horrific acts and to abandon their humanity in its name. In The Fear of The Abyss, I analyze The Nameless City and The Call of Cthulhu to find that the fear comes from the idea that there is a powerful and horrifying monster sleeping somewhere under the earth and the ocean, waiting for the righ

Published
2024

49. The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly Hair : En intervjustudie om afrohår i relation till femininitet och skönhet

Author

Abraham, Sara and Abraham, Sara

Abstract

This study aims to research the implications of Afro-Swedish women's relationship with their hair and how it pertains to their view of femininity and beauty. Four one-on-one semi-structured interviews with Afro-Swedish women were conducted to collect relevant material. During these interviews, the women shared their relationship with their hair, experiences relating to their hair in Sweden, and how and if it has affected their perception of their beauty and level of femininity. The findings of this study demonstrate that Afro-Swedish women relate femininity to hair that is associated with whiteness, which means hair that is smoother and straighter but also longer than the afro-textured hair associated with black people. The results showed how representations of black women in relation to beauty and femininity were seen as limited by the informants, as those were rarely there to begin with and/or only inclusive of lighter-skinned black women with wigs, weaves, straightened or relaxed hair. All the informants shared experiences of their hair being touched, with or without consent. Through comparison to earlier research, it was found that the experiences and opinions of these Afro-Swedishwomen were more similar than different to black women from the USA for example. To conclude, this study disproves the notion of Swedish exceptionalism in relation to the racialization and discrimination of afro-textured hair, as well as the not so colorblind representations of beauty and femininity. These results also show that there is a vast amount of information concerning the lived experiences of Afro-Swedish women, relating to hair and other themes, to be uncovered by researchers in gender studies.

Published
2024

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