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We examine the optimal design of policies directed at regulating tobacco consumption through two types of instruments: taxation and anti-smoking mass media campaigns. We find that the main role of taxation is to correct for the population-average internal costs of smoking, while anti-smoking campaigns serve a complementary role. Namely, they add to the social welfare benefits of tobacco regulation as they are relatively more effective than taxation at discouraging smoking by individuals characterized by low degrees of self-control and high smoke-related health harms.

About one in every two smokers dies from smoking-related causes every year. In response to this, over the past four decades, numerous countries have introduced successful tobacco control policies. Despite this, smoking persists, especially among more disadvantaged social groups. The relatively long history of smoking cessation policies allows for a better understanding of what works, what does not, why, and how. However, the social, cultural, and regulatory complexity of smoking prevents any straightforward replication of successful policies within a different context. Yet, sound scientific research allows for the construction and verification of hypotheses about how to replicate cessation elsewhere. Australia constitutes an ideal case-study through which to achieve this aim. This is because Australia is a leading country in tobacco control, despite people have easier access to nicotine through traditional tobacco products than they do via the use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, despite the latter being less harmful than the former. These features, combined with the abundance of empirical studies on the country, allow for a sound and comprehensive policy analysis.

Bakalářská práce je věnována problematice kouření studentů na Fakultě zdravotnických studií. V teoretické části se zabývám kouřením obecně, prevencí, organizacemi proti kouření, výskytem kuřáků, bojem proti kuřáctví, kuřáky a jak zdravotní sestra může pomoci kuřákovi přestat kouřit. Praktická část byla provedena formou anonymních dotazníků, které byly rozdány 30 kuřákům, kteří studovali 2. nebo 3. ročník Všeobecné sestry na Fakultě zdravotnických studií., The thesis is devoted to the issue of smoking students at the Faculty of health studies. The theoretical part deals with smoking in general, prevention, organizations against smoking, prevalence of smokers, anti-smoking campaigns, smokers and with how the nurse can assist a smoker with quitting. The practical part was conducted using anonymous questionnaires that were distributed to 30 smokers who have been students of the second or third year of General nurse programme at the Faculty of health studies., Katedra ošetřovatelství, Hodnocení vedoucího: výborně minus Hodnocení oponenta: velmi dobře Doplňující otázky k obhajobě: 1. Domníváte se, že existuje filmová reklama kouření, která každý den děti obklopuje (s. 14)? 2. Popiště metodu odvykání kouření pomocí biorezonance. 3. Jak si vysvětlujete rozdíly v prevalenci současného kuřáctví mezi studenty stomatologie 21,5%, 32,2% u studentů ošetřovatelství a 82,7% u studentů farmacie? 4. Uvádíte, že 74% vašich respondentů kouřilo v areálu školy. Nechápali studenti/respondenti, že prostor vyhrazený pro kuřáky patří do areálu školy?

Anti-smoking mass media campaigns play an important role in efforts to reduce the public health impact of tobacco. Although there is strong empirical evidence that these campaigns can reduce the prevalence of smoking by curbing initiation and encouraging cessation, it is also clear that campaign potential is not always fully realised. In an effort to explain why some anti-smoking campaigns are more effective than others, the current program of research developed a model of the pathway of effects through which anti-smoking television advertisements lead to changes in smoking behaviours. The contribution of interpersonal communication to this pathway was also investigated, by examining the impact of conversation participation, the influence of conversation content, and predictors of both conversation participation and content. Three studies were conducted. Study 1 was a forced exposure study in which 101 smokers evaluated 20 advertisements. Study 2 was a natural exposure study in which 482 smokers were exposed to one of six advertisements while watching television at home. Study 3 was an experimental study with a follow-up component that involved 232 smokers and two advertisements. Across the three studies, strong and consistent support was provided for the proposed pathway of effects. In this model, audience perceptions of message narrativity were positively associated with the extent to which audiences were transported into the message. Transportation had a positive effect on the amount of positive cognitive processing and self-referencing. Transportation and self-referencing both increased emotional responses. In turn, positive cognitive responses, self-referencing, and emotional responses all independently predicted perceptions of message effectiveness. Perceptions of message effectiveness predicted the likelihood that smokers changed their intentions to quit from before to after seeing the advertisement, and perceptions of message effectiveness and changes in int