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Russia's renewed interest and involvement in the African continent is reminiscent of a time when the Soviet Union supported various ideologically aligned groups to win a geopolitical power struggle and assert its position as a global superpower. The motives seem to have changed, but the question is whether Russian warfare in Africa has changed as well. In this comparative study, the Soviet Union's support for the MPLA and their takeover in Angola in 1975 is compared with Russia's support for the military junta that seized power in Mali after a military coup in 2020, aiming to determine how Russian/Soviet warfare in Africa has evolved over time. Supported by Thomas Rid and Lars Ulfving's theoretical framework on so-called active measures, three operationalized variables are identified and analyzed as: white, gray, and black. Through qualitative text analysis, reports and literature from the cases are examined. The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of how hybrid warfare has been and is currently used as a means of Russian influence in Africa. The methods for this have rather been reinforced than changed historically by global development trends, especially the spread of information technology and the utilization of private companies and other actors. This study has confirmed that there is a historically rooted common Russian strategy to acquire and exert influence, a strategy based on the Soviet Union's traditional methods, active measures. A dual strategy consisting of both official policies and unofficial means where the unofficial means are driven by private actors, facilitating Russia's plausible deniability.

This thesis explores the implications of Chinese Resource-for-Infrastructure (RFI) loans on Angola's economic transformation and catch-up through the lens of social capabilities theory. Initiated in 2004, the "Angola Model" involved RFI loans primarily supported by oil exports to China in return for infrastructure construction. Despite substantial infrastructure inputs, the expected economic diversification in Angola's economy has been limited. This study evaluates how these loans align with transformation, inclusion, autonomy, and accountability within Angola's socio-economic framework. Findings indicate limited sector-specific growth, persistent oil dependency, and widespread wealth distribution inequity. This research highlights the need for more effective governance and targeted development policies to ensure equitable growth amidst decreasing Chinese investments.

Esta tese procura realizar uma análise literária do romance O retorno de Dulce Maria Cardoso publicado em 2011, uma obra seminal da literatura lusófona que aborda os efeitos do processo de descolonização portuguesa em África e da chegada de meio milhão de colonos – apelidados de retornados – a Portugal na década de 1970. O percurso da personagem principal, Rui, é o foco deste estudo. Será feita uma análise do trauma sofrido por Rui em Angola e em Portugal, resultado das escolhas identitárias binárias que lhe são apresentadas, bem como uma exploração dos caminhos que ele encontra para procurar uma recuperação identitária. Recuperação que passará pela adoção de uma identidade hibridizada e transcultural, levando-o a ocupar um terceiro espaço dentro de uma polifonia de vozes no contexto pós-colonial português., This thesis endeavours to carry out a literary analysis of the novel The Return by Dulce Maria Cardoso published in 2011, a seminal work of Lusophone literature that addresses the effects of the Portuguese decolonization process in Africa and the arrival of half a million former colonial settlers – dubbed returnees – to Portugal in the 1970s. The journey of the main character, Rui, is the focus of this study. An analysis of the trauma that Rui suffers in Angola and Portugal as a result of the binary identity choices he is presented with will be carried out, as well as an exploration of the pathways through which he seeks recovery by embracing a hybridised and transcultural identity, occupying a third space in a polyphony of voices within the Portuguese post-colonial context.

Introducción: La formación continua de profesores sin competencias pedagógicas requiere un conjunto de acciones desde el punto de vista legislativo, administrativo, didáctico y formativo, que actúen para elevar el nivel técnico, científico y pedagógico del profesor. Este proceso continuo es un instrumento que ofrece propuestas sólidas para garantizar una enseñanza de calidad y superar las dificultades que atraviesan los docentes para orientar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. A partir de 2002, cuando el conflicto armado, que duró casi tres décadas, llegó a su fin, el gobierno angoleño asumió el compromiso de extender el sistema educativo a toda la extensión del país. Como había escasez de profesores formados, se contrató a docentes sin el componente pedagógico necesario para enseñar con calidad. Años después, los resultados escolares no han sido favorables, ya que se ha producido un fuerte descenso de la calidad de la enseñanza y un bajo rendimiento escolar de los alumnos. En cierta medida, esto ha dado lugar a debates públicos en los que han participado todos los actores y entidades de los distintos niveles de la sociedad angoleña. Objetivo: En base en lo anterior, el objetivo general de esta tesis es comprender los factores que inciden en las dificultades que atraviesan los profesores con y sin formación pedagógica de las escuelas secundarias de 1er ciclo de Malanje en la conducción del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Metodología: El estudio contó con una muestra de 356 participantes extraídos de una población de 3.378 sujetos. El enfoque metodológico de esta Tesis fue de tipo cuantitativo-cualitativo (mixto) con las siguientes técnicas de recogida de datos: entrevista, cuestionario y observación. El análisis de datos siguió un enfoque categorial de análisis de contenido (Morgado, 2012). Resultados: La investigación nos llevó a la comprensión de las dificultades didácticas por las que atraviesan los docentes sin formación pedagógica para conducir el proce, Introduction: The continuous training of teachers without pedagogical skills requires a set of actions from a legislative, administrative, didactic, and training perspective, aimed at raising the technical, scientific, and pedagogical level of the teacher. This continuous process is an instrument that provides solid proposals to guarantee quality teaching and overcome the difficulties that teachers face in guiding the teaching and learning process. Starting in 2002, when the nearly three-decade-long armed conflict came to an end, the Angolan government took on the commitment to extend the educational system throughout the country. Due to a shortage of trained teachers, teachers without the necessary pedagogical component to teach with quality were hired. Years later, the academic results have not been favorable, as there has been a significant decline in the quality of education and low academic performance of students. To some extent, this has led to public debates involving all actors and entities from different levels of Angolan society. Objective: Based on the above, the general objective of this thesis is to understand the factors that contribute to the difficulties faced by teachers with and without pedagogical training in the first-cycle secondary schools of Malanje in guiding the teaching and learning process. Methodology: The study had a sample of 356 participants drawn from a population of 3,378 subjects. The methodological approach of this thesis was both quantitative and qualitative, employing the following data collection techniques: interviews, questionnaires, and observations. The data analysis followed a categorical approach to content analysis (Morgado, 2012). Results: The research led us to understand the didactic difficulties faced by teachers without pedagogical training in conducting the teaching and educational process. It is evident that specific discipline programs are not systematically implemented to improve the teachers' competencies under

In this article we portray and unpack the fabric of urban expansion in contemporary Luanda. In doing so, we examine interdependencies and complementarities between the organization of oil extraction off the coast of Angola, the emergence of particular modalities of modernist city planning for the expansion of its capital city, and the proliferation of cement blocks in the making of new urban forms throughout its burgeoning peripheries. By showing how urban development has unfolded through the interconnected realization of multiple kinds of systematizing blocks—namely oil blocks, city blocks and cement blocks—we analyse key material components in the production of new markets and urban spaces in the Angolan capital. By tracing forms of capitalism and modularity in the making of contemporary Luanda, we develop the concept of blocos urbanism to draw attention to modes of standardization and the production of legibility in contemporary processes of urbanization. Through this study, we aim to contribute to the conceptual apparatus for deciphering our global urban condition., QC 20231115

By examining the relationship between territoriality and identity construction, this paper aims to provide a comparative analysis of three contexts where encounters between foreign colonial powers and local autochthonous communities took place. The comparison is thus focused on the interaction between Africans and Portuguese in two different contexts (Sa ~ o Jorge da Mina/ Elmina, Ghana between the fifteenth and the nineteenth centuries, and colonial Angola from the 1850ís onwards), on the one hand, and on the encounters between Phoenicians and Autochthonous communities of Southwestern Iberia (Tartessos?) in the first half of the first Millennium BC. This study raises new questions about the role played by sanctuaries and violence in the deconstruction of indigenous territorial perceptions and the subsequent construction of colonial territories in the Iron Age of Southwestern Iberia. Also in examination are the relevance and usefulness of a comparative methodology in the analysis of encounters between diverse cultural actors as expressed in the archaeological record.

This article aims to analyze the motivational expressions of vandalism directed at public property. The text frames different criminological theories in explaining and preventing the phenomenon. The classification of subtypes of vandalism established by Cohen (1984) and the social approaches proposed by Barker and Bridgeman (1994), Goldstein (1996), Levy-Leboyer (1984), Ross (1984), and Merrills (2009) guided the study of vandalism. Literature point of view. Methodologically, it is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. A questionnaire survey was applied for data collection, built with closed questions adapted based on the nominal Likert scale. 310 resident citizens and other people who transit to the City of Kilamba daily were surveyed. The results indicate the existence of a strong tendency towards acquisitive vandalism, expressed by the removal of equipment, motivated by the search for private material gain. In addition to opportunistic actions, incivilities and lack of awareness in the use of public utility spaces and structures are evident. The study identified from the perception of the surveyed citizens that urban furniture and green spaces present characteristics of abandonment, lack of protection, and maintenance structure, being preferential targets for vandals. The research concluded that there are a series of social and physical conditions, such as design, architecture, and decay of urban fabrics, capable of producing acts of vandalism. The phenomenon has affected public order, the functioning, and the accessibility of public services such as water and electricity distribution. Prevention strategies include dissuasive measures, maintenance, and the design of protective structures for public facilities in the city., Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as expressões motivacionais do vandalismo dirigido à propriedade pública. O texto enquadra diferentes teorias criminológicas na explicação e prevenção do fenómeno. A classificação dos subtipos de vandalismo estabelecida por Cohen (1984) e as abordagens sociais propostas por Barker e Bridgeman (1994), Goldstein (1996), Levy-Leboyer (1984), Ross (1984) e Merrills (2009) orientaram o estudo do ponto de vista da literatura. Metodologicamente trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. Para a coleta dos dados foi aplicado um inquérito, construído com perguntas fechadas adaptado com base na escala nominal de Likert. Foram inquiridos 310 cidadãos residentes, e não só, que transitam diariamente na Cidade do Kilamba. Os resultados indicam a existência de uma forte tendência ao vandalismo aquisitivo, expresso pela remoção de equipamentos, motivado pela busca de ganho material privado. Além de ações oportunistas são evidentes incivilidades e falta de consciência no uso de espaços e estruturas de utilidade pública. O estudo identificou pela perceção dos cidadãos inquiridos que o mobiliário urbano e os espaços verdes apresentam caraterísticas de abandono, falta de estrutura de proteção e manutenção, sendo alvos preferenciais de vândalos. A pesquisa concluiu que há uma série de condições sociais e físicas como design, arquitetura e decadência das malhas urbanas capazes de produzir atos de vandalismo. O fenómeno tem afetado a ordem pública, o funcionamento e a acessibilidade dos serviços públicos como distribuição de água e eletricidade. As estratégias de prevenção passam por medidas dissuasivas, manutenção e conceção de estruturas protetivas de instalações públicas na cidade., Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las expresiones motivacionales del vandalismo dirigido a la propiedad pública. El texto enmarca diferentes teorías criminológicas en la explicación y prevención del fenómeno. La clasificación de subtipos de vandalismo establecida por Cohen (1984) y los enfoques sociales propuestos por Barker y Bridgeman (1994), Goldstein (1996), Levy-Leboyer (1984), Ross (1984) y Merrills (2009) guiaron el estudio de vandalismo punto de vista de la literatura. Metodológicamente se trata de un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó una encuesta tipo cuestionario, construida con preguntas cerradas adaptadas en base a la escala nominal de Likert. Se encuestó a 310 ciudadanos residentes y otras personas que transitan diariamente por la Ciudad de Kilamba. Los resultados indican la existencia de una fuerte tendencia al vandalismo adquisitivo, expresada por la sustracción de equipos, motivada por la búsqueda de lucro material privado. Además de las acciones oportunistas, se evidencian descortesías y desconocimiento en el uso de espacios y estructuras de utilidad pública. El estudio identificó a partir de la percepción de los ciudadanos encuestados que el mobiliario urbano y los espacios verdes presentan características de abandono, falta de protección y mantenimiento de la estructura, siendo blancos preferenciales de los vándalos. La investigación concluyó que existen una serie de condiciones sociales y físicas como el diseño, la arquitectura y el deterioro de los tejidos urbanos capaces de producir actos de vandalismo. El fenómeno ha afectado el orden público, el funcionamiento y la accesibilidad de servicios públicos como el agua y la distribución de electricidad. Las estrategias de prevención incluyen medidas disuasorias, mantenimiento y diseño de estructuras de protección para los equipamientos públicos de la ciudad.

This thesis explores how the post-colonial structures in Ghana and Angola are affecting the mentality of the youth members in the political parties of NPP Youth Wing and JMPLA. The purpose is to discover whether the Political Youth Parties are able to provide ideas that challenge the current western influence in their politics. Angola and Ghana are the selected countries because despite their grand historical and cultural differences, the results are contributing to the claim that both are sharing the same struggle, coloniality. This research has been conducted with discourse analysis in official documents and semi-structured interviews with respective political youth parties. The theory used to analyse the content is social constructivism which has enabled this study to identify the mentality of the youths with its concept of social construction of reality. With regards to the result of the data, the youths provide possible solutions for reducing western influence but neglect the fact that those ideas are directed to neo-colonial structures, therefore this thesis concludes that the mentality of the youths remain colonised as its ancestors.

With reference to the five articles in the special issue, this introduction reflects on the relative absence of Lusophone African literature from the mainstream of African literary studies. Because of the insular and backward nature of Portugal's colonialism, the protracted wars in Angola and Mozambique, and the sheer magnitude of the postcolony of Brazil as a center for the reception of Lusophone writing, this literature has followed a path of its own. However, although a fair amount of scholarly attention has been paid to the early anticolonial and nationalist generations of writers, this special issue updates the account of the Luso-African literary world by looking also at current developments in publishing (locally and abroad) and reception, especially in Brazil.

Primary school coverage has been increasing in most developing countries. Yet, it has not been accompanied by significant improvements in learning indicators. We implemented a randomized experiment in Angola around the introduction of ProFuturo, a worldwide educational program. The program includes a Computer-assisted Learning (CAL) software directed at improving the regular classroom experience. One year after the program started, we find higher familiarity with technology. Teachers miss fewer days of classes and implement better teaching practices. Students become more interested in learning and pro-social. Finally, the program improves students’ test scores but only in the most popular subject in the CAL platform.

In this reflection, which is based on the bibliographic review, may be questioned the relationship between university education and social responsibility in Angola. Insist on the impossibility of not having development without training, an even more relevant issue when related to Higher Education. This social responsibility comes from the possibility of access to knowledge to convert social life into a more harmonious space for fulfillment, expression of a new way of being. University education and social responsibility are two fundamental dimensions to perceive the task of the University and essential indicators to determine the sustainable development of countries in the 21st century, because, given the profound changes of humanity, this context requires the ability to deal with them. in a less traumatic way in the political, economic, social, cultural, ecological, humanitarian dimensions, among others. This training to face global alterations in an assertive and creative way constitutes the greatest challenge for those who are trained in the Intuitions of Higher Education. Because of this reflection, it is understood that the magnitude and quality of university training opportunities may be in close proportion to the opportunities to participate in the development processes of the countries and to take advantage of their benefits. This logic cannot be an exception in Angola which, for example, has, among the other countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), a greater need to value human resources as the most decisive asset to project the country in the line of social and human development., Nesta reflexão, que se fundamenta na revisão bibliográfica, coloca-se em debate a relação entre formação universitária e responsabilidade social em Angola. Reitera-se o entendimento de que não pode haver desenvolvimento sem formação, assunto que ganha relevância quando relacionado com o Ensino Superior. A responsabilidade social dessa formação decorre da possibilidade do acesso ao saber para fazer da vida social um espaço de realização mais harmonioso, que expressa um novo modo de ser. Formação universitária e responsabilidade social são compreendidas como duas dimensões fundamentais para perceber a tarefa da Universidade e funcionam como indicadores essenciais para determinar o desenvolvimento sustentável de povos e nações no século XXI, porque, com alterações profundas da vida humana, este contexto exige capacidade de lidar com elas de forma menos traumática nas dimensões políticas, económicas, sociais, culturais, ecológicas, humanitárias. Esta capacitação para enfrentar mudanças globais de forma menos traumática e mais criativa constitui o maior desafio de quem se forma em Instituições do Ensino Superior. Como resultado desta reflexão, compreende-se que a magnitude e qualidade de oportunidades de formação universitária podem estar em estreita proporção com as oportunidades de participar dos processos de desenvolvimento dos países e de usufruir dos seus benefícios. Esta lógica não pode ser uma excepção em Angola que, por exemplo, tem, entre outros países da Comunidade para o Desenvolvimento da África Austral (SADC), mais necessidade de valorizar os recursos humanos como o activo mais decisivo para projectar o país na linha do desenvolvimento social e humano., En esta reflexión, que se fundamenta en la revisión bibliográfica, cuestionase la relación entre formación universitaria y responsabilidad social en Angola. Insistiese en la imposibilidad de no haber desarrollo sin formación, asunto aún más relevante cuando relacionado con la Enseñanza Superior. Esta responsabilidad social deviene de la posibilidad del acceso al saber para convertir la vida social en un espacio de realización más harmonioso, expresión de un nuevo modo de ser. Formación universitaria y responsabilidad social son dos dimensiones fundamentales para percibir la tarea de la Universidad e indicadores esenciales para determinar el desarrollo sostenible de los países en el siglo XXI, porque, ante los profundos cambios de la humanidad, este contexto requiere capacidad de lidiar con ellos de forma menos traumática en las dimensiones políticas, económicas, sociales, culturales, ecológicas, humanitarias, entre otras. Esta capacitación para enfrentar alteraciones globales de forma asertiva y creativa constituye el mayor reto de quien se forma en las Intuiciones de la Enseñanza Superior. Como consecuencia de esta reflexión, se comprende que la magnitud y calidad de oportunidades de formación universitaria puede estar en estrecha proporción con las oportunidades de participar de los procesos de desarrollo de los países y de aprovechar sus beneficios. Esta lógica no puede ser una excepción en Angola que, por ejemplo, tiene, entre los demás países de la Comunidad para el Desarrollo de África Austral (SADC), más necesidad de valorizar los recursos humanos como el activo más decisivo para proyectar el país en la línea del desarrollo social y humano.

In addressing the way in which African religious traditions transited the Atlantic during the slave trade, this article takes up a theology driven approach to African religion. African religious traditions generally have spiritual figures that are local in character: ancestors, territorially delimited deities and lesser spiritual entities. Major exceptions were areas like Angola where African deities were discovered to be Christian saints in Africa; and the Gbe speaking areas (in Togo, Benin and Nigeria) where some deities were not limited to a particular territory. Although in general African deities could not pass the ocean, the techniques for locating spiritual entities by continuous revelation did, and so new deities were located in Brazil. For many Africans in Brazil, the Catholic saints known in Angola became focus for worship and propitiation in Brazil; and there is documentary evidence that continuous revelation in Brazil allowed deities from the Gbe speaking area to transit the ocean as well, resulting in the earliest stages of the development of Candomblé., Ao abordar as maneiras pela quais as tradições religiosas africanas transitaram pelo Atlântico durante o tráfico de cativos, este artigo enfatiza uma abordagem teológica da religião africana. As tradições religiosas africanas geralmente têm figuras espirituais de caráter local: ancestrais, divindades territorialmente delimitadas e entidades espirituais menores. As principais exceções se encontram em áreas como Angola, onde divindades cristãs foram descobertas na África; e as áreas de língua Gbe (no Togo, Benin e Nigéria), onde algumas divindades não foram definidas territorialmente. Embora geralmente divindades africanas não pudessem atravessar o oceano, as técnicas de localização de entidades espirituais por revelação contínua o fizeram, e assim novas divindades foram localizadas no Brasil. Para muitos africanos no Brasil, os santos católicos conhecidos em Angola tornaram-se foco de adoração e propiciação no Brasil; e há evidências documentais de que a revelação contínua no Brasil permitiu que as divindades da área de língua gbe também transitassem pelo oceano, resultando nos estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento do candomblé.

This study presents a contribution on the theme between higher education and scientific research in Angola, collaborating, in general, to map an area little explored in studies of higher education in that country. Reference is made to the challenges and strategies facing the scientific policies that Angola has implemented in recent years, with results that are still very tenuous. Therefore, through a qualitative research of documentary analysis, the cosmovision of the problematic of doing science in this African country, whose independence, conquered less than fifty years ago, can partly justify the still incipient character of its academic structure. It can be seen, however, that the Angolan State has sought to remedy some of its main obstacles through measures such as the expansion of educational institutions in the interior of the country and the creation of international exchange programs. Despite, however, recent measures to encourage scientific production in Angola, it is concluded that this process is still in an embryonic state, not only due to the inadequacy of the measures established so far, but also due to the colonial legacy and the civil war, still very present in the angolan reality., Esse estudo apresenta uma contribuição sobre a temática entre o ensino superior e a investigação científica em Angola, colaborando, de modo geral, para o mapeamento de uma zona pouco explorada nos estudos do ensino superior desse país. Referenciam-se os desafios e estratégias ante as políticas científicas que Angola, nos últimos anos, tem implementado, com resultados ainda muito tênues. Situa-se, então, por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa de análise documental, a cosmovisão da problemática do fazer ciência nesse país africano, cuja independência, conquistada há menos de cinquenta anos, em parte pode justificar o caráter ainda incipiente de sua estrutura acadêmica. Vê-se, todavia, que o Estado angolano tem buscado sanar alguns dos seus principais entraves por meio de medidas como a expansão de instituições de ensino no interior do país e a criação de programas de intercâmbio internacional. Apesar, porém, das medidas recentes de fomento à produção científica em Angola, conclui-se que tal processo encontra-se ainda em estado embrionário, não apenas pela insuficiência das medidas até aqui estabelecidas, mas também pelo legado colonial e a guerra civil, ainda muito presentes na realidade angolana.

In sickle cell disease, the HbSS genotype of sickle cell anemia, considered the most severe form, prevalent on the African continent, has high morbidity and mortality. Objective: to identify whether the structure installed to care for people with sickle cell anemia and their families contributes to reducing early mortality in Angola. Material and Method: descriptive exploratory research, carried out in Luanda-Angola, between August and December 2022. Structured questionnaires were applied to 20 people with sickle cell disease and 15 family members, all over 21 years old. The methodology used was snowball. For data analysis and discussion, Donabedian's theoretical framework was used, with emphasis on the structure axis. Results: diagnosis made by signs and symptoms, age at diagnosis between 1 and 5 years. The pain crisis predominated among acute events. Conclusion: lack of an installed health structure in Luanda that guarantees free public service access to medicines, blood transfusions, special vaccines and complementary exams. The transfer of social technologies from the Brazilian civil society organization to the one in Luanda appears to be adequate., Na doença falciforme, o genótipo HbSS da anemia falciforme, considerado a forma mais grave, prevalente no continente africano, tem alta morbidade e mortalidade. Objetivo: identificar se a estrutura instalada na atenção às pessoas com anemia falciforme e seus familiares, contribui para a redução da mortalidade precoce em Angola. Material e Método: pesquisa exploratória descritiva, realizada em Luanda-Angola, no período entre agosto e dezembro de 2022. Foram aplicados questionários estruturados para 20 pessoas com doença falciforme e 15 familiares, todos com mais de 21 anos. A metodologia utilizada foi bola de neve. Para análise e discussão dos dados, foi utilizado o referencial teórico de Donabedian, com ênfase no eixo estrutura. Resultados: diagnóstico feito por sinais e sintomas, idade do diagnóstico entre 1 e 5 anos. A crise de dor predominou entre eventos agudos. Conclusão: inexistência de estrutura instalada de saúde em Luanda que garantam no serviço público gratuito o acesso à medicamentos, transfusão de sangue, vacinas especiais e exames complementares. A transferência de tecnologias sociais da organização de sociedade civil brasileira para a de Luanda mostra ser adequada., En la anemia falciforme, el genotipo HbSS de la anemia falciforme, considerada la forma más grave, prevalente en el continente africano, tiene una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: identificar si la estructura instalada para la atención a personas con anemia falciforme y sus familias contribuye a reducir la mortalidad temprana en Angola. Material y Método: investigación exploratoria descriptiva, realizada en Luanda-Angola, entre agosto y diciembre de 2022. Se aplicaron cuestionarios estructurados a 20 personas con anemia falciforme y 15 familiares, todos mayores de 21 años. La metodología utilizada fue la de bola de nieve. Para el análisis y discusión de los datos se utilizó el marco teórico de Donabedian, con énfasis en el eje estructura. Resultados: diagnóstico realizado por signos y síntomas, edad al diagnóstico entre 1 y 5 años. La crisis de dolor predominó entre los eventos agudos. Conclusión: falta de una estructura de salud instalada en Luanda que garantice el acceso gratuito a los servicios públicos de medicamentos, transfusiones de sangre, vacunas especiales y exámenes complementarios. La transferencia de tecnologías sociales de la organización de la sociedad civil brasileña a la de Luanda parece adecuada.

The plateaus and escarpments of Angola are a major centre of Odonata endemism in Africa, rivalling and possibly surpassing the highlands of Ethiopia and South Africa. We discuss 34 likely endemic species and 8 near-endemics found in Angola’s highland area. Remarkably, 20 of these endemics and near-endemics do not occur either along the western escarpment or on the high central plateau, but on the lower sandy plateaus farther east. Despite the western scarp having traditionally received much scientific attention, the first odonatological discoveries were made there only recently. Of the 42 species of interest discussed here, the taxonomy of 21 of them has yet to be fully resolved. Furthermore, many regions, particularly in northeastern Angola, are still to be explored.

Las instituciones de educación superior (IES) deben tener una gran capacidad para adaptarse a los cambios en las demandas de su propia actividad y la organización de los procesos educativos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el papel de las TIC como potencial a través de las acciones metodológicas de los docentes para el proceso de construcción del conocimiento de los estudiantes. El estudio es de naturaleza cuantitativa y se utilizó una investigación analítica, exhaustiva y descriptiva, asociada con los procedimientos lógicos de una investigación empírica basada en el cuestionario aplicado a 40 docentes y 180 estudiantes del Instituto Politécnico Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias (ISPTEC). El estudio mostró la necesidad de que el país realice mayores inversiones en tecnologías y, como consecuencia, fomente la implementación de la capacitación en profesionales de la educación.

Thesis (Ph.D. (International Politics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2023, The foreign policy of China which is also globally known as the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has in the recent past become a substantial subject of both policy and academic debates. This is mostly due to the attention that China has given to the African continent. The attention expanded through the formation of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in the early 2000s. It is incontestable that FOCAC has been driving China-Africa political and economic relations, ultimately becaming the second biggest economy globally after the United States of America (USA). Contextually, this study has employed a comparative case study design to critique China’s foreign policy towards the African continent. This case study design has utilised both Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) as test cases to critique the post-2010 foreign policy of China towards the African continent. This was done through critical analysis of China’s Africa policy, and therefore, unearthing China’s global engagement (herewith referred to as foreign policy) with reference to both Angola and the DRC. To this end, the current study provides historical sensibility by locating China’s global engagement with Africa, specifically the context of Angola and the DRC as far back as the colonial period. The exceptional acknowledgement of historicity in the current study extensively drew from the idea that the past customarily informs a vibrant premise for the understanding of the present and the future. In the current study, the researcher has championed the adoption and use of the Afrocentric theory as a replacement of the mainstream theories in interpreting the general foreign policy of China towards the African continent. The adoption and the use of this theoretical lens in the study has been informed by its capacity to accentuate and underline China’s international relations with both Angola and the DRC. A scholarly understanding of China’s foreign policy on Angola and the DRC can be achie

As an alternative means of communications, community communicatios is essentially a tool to give voice to historycally marginlized social groups,an assumption that needs to be visualized every day as a reference to condition social changes in communities throug education. The goal of the Word is to expose some experiences as teahers together with students of the Social Communication career in some neighborhoods of Cuito/Bie, Angola. The experience resulted in shared intercultutal learning between students and teachers. It was supported by tolos of the Participatory-Action-Research methodology and the postulates of Popular Education. Is is not intrntend to expess finished ideas, but to provoke reflexive approaches on a practice that is continually reconstructed.As teachers at the Escuela Superior Politecnica de Cuito/Bie, in Angola, they took advantage of the opportunity provided by the coincidence of the delivery in the fifth semester of the career, of the subjects of Communication and Health and Educational Communication, with the pprecedence of having studied Communication for Development and Itercultural Communication in the year, so that the students, integrated into teams, carry out field work in some neighborhoods of the community, all with the objective that they apply in practice, the knowledge acquired in various subjects. The visit to the community with the preparation of the contents estudied, were consolidating the experiences of the students, allowed to make observations in the field and strengthen the process of interaction between theory and practice, using tolos of the research metodology. The interviews, observation guides, questionnaires and almost daily face-to-face interation gave scientific objectivity to the task performed. It was posible to verify the unhealthy life practices of many of its inhabitants in the interaction with the environment, the non-use of the natural leaders of these communities for improvement of the same, as well as insuff, Como vía de comunicación alternativa, la comunicación comunitaria es por esencia una herramienta para conferir voz a los grupos sociales vulnerables e históricamente marginados, supuesto que precisa ser visualizado cada día como referente para condicionar cambios sociales en las comunidades mediante la educación. El trabajo tiene como meta exponer algunas experiencias como docentes junto a estudiantes de la carrera de Comunicación Social en algunos barrios de Cuito/Bié, Angola. La experiencia derivó en aprendizajes interculturales compartidos entre alumnos y profesores. Se apoyó en herramientas de la metodología de la Investigación -Acción -Participativa y los postulados de la Educación Popular. No se pretende expresar ideas acabadas, sino provocar acercamientos reflexivos sobre una práctica que se reconstruye continuamente. Como docentes de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Cuito/Bié, en Angola, se aprovechó la oportunidad que propiciaba la coincidencia de la impartición en el quinto semestre de la carrera, de las asignaturas de Comunicación y Salud y Comunicación Educativa, con la precedencia de haber estudiado Comunicación para el Desarrollo y Comunicación Intercultural en el 2do año, para que los estudiantes, integrados en equipos, realizaran trabajo de campo en algunos barrios de la comunidad, todo ello con el objetivo que aplicaran en la práctica, los conocimientos adquiridos en varias asignaturas. Las visitas a la comunidad con la preparación de los contenidos estudiados, fueron consolidando las vivencias de los estudiantes, permitieron realizar observaciones en el terreno y fortalecer el proceso de interacción entre la teoría y la práctica, utilizando herramientas propias de la metodología de investigación, como entrevistas, guías de observación, cuestionarios y la interacción cara a cara casi diaria con los moradores le dio objetividad científica a la tarea realizada. Se pudo constatar las condiciones de insalubridad de las zonas pesquisadas, las prácticas

The article analyses the space of literary silence as a specific, metaphorical and intelectual space, an idea derived from Pierre Nora’s concept of “space of memory” (1984). In the context of sociocriticism and geopoetics reflexions, we analyse the silence in the literature of Angola and Equatorial Guinea searching the difference between the unspoken due to political and ideological reasons, prohibitions or taboos and the unspoken related to the impossibility to speak about the traumatic experiences suffered by African colective and cultural subject (Edmond Cros). We focus on the unspoken as post-traumatic amnesia in the works of José Eduardo Agualusa and Pepetela from Angola and in the novels and tales of Leoncio Evita Enoy and Donato Ndongo Bidyogo from Equatorial Guinea. The conclusion is that the space of silence in these texts is the result of a post-traumatic disorder caused by trans-Atlantic slave trade., The article analyses the space of literary silence as a specific, metaphorical and intelectual space, an idea derived from Pierre Nora’s concept of “space of memory” (1984). In the context of sociocriticism and geopoetics reflexions, we analyse the silence in the literature of Angola and Equatorial Guinea searching the difference between the unspoken due to political and ideological reasons, prohibitions or taboos and the unspoken related to the impossibility to speak about the traumatic experiences suffered by African colective and cultural subject (Edmond Cros). We focus on the unspoken as post-traumatic amnesia in the works of José Eduardo Agualusa and Pepetela from Angola and in the novels and tales of Leoncio Evita Enoy and Donato Ndongo Bidyogo from Equatorial Guinea. The conclusion is that the space of silence in these texts is the result of a post-traumatic disorder caused by trans-Atlantic slave trade.

[EN] The anorthosites (“black granites”) and associated red granites occurring in selected areas of the Cunene Anorthosite Complex (SW Angola) were assessed regarding its ornamental potential. The results of the field survey in an area of the Huíla province, analysis and tests carried out on collected samples reveal that anorthosites are high quality ornamental stones for indoor or outdoor use, namely for pavement, cladding and lining. The exploited anorthosites occur in varied lithotypes, in terms of texture, mineralogy and color, which is generally the most differentiating factor. One main trade lithotype, the “Negro Angola” has its central extraction area in the Tchiquatite quarrying site, due to the finer granularity and greater homogeneity of the stone when compared to other sites in the region. The red granites were studied in two areas of the complex revealing ornamental quality but the potencial is low due to alteration, intense fracturing, and frequent flaws.

[EN] In the province of Namibe, the potentiality in ornamental stones is diversified and high. In addition to marble, new rocks from this region have found their way onto the market: metagrauvaques and migmatites, and light-toned granites, predominantly grayish with two micas, and biotitic. The potential resources are very high, but mostly not evaluated. The main constraints to the exploitation are related to the high intensity of fracturing, the occurrence of enclaves in the migmatites, and textural/chromatic heterogeneities in the marbles, besides its occurrence in very steep reliefs. The lack of roads and access to the resources is a major difficulty. The analyzes and technological tests carried out to characterize the samples did not show significant variations in the physicalmechanical behavior at a regional level in any of the studied lithologies, these being in general high quality ornamental stones for indoor or outdoor use, namely for pavement, cladding and lining.

The Hamutenha intrusion (Huíla province, SW Angola) is a 3-km-long elongated magmatic body defined by a set of two intrusive units. The northern unit is formed by alternating bands of dunites and olivine gabbros, while the southern unit is composed of amphibole diorites. The Hamutenha body is hosted by the Paleoproterozoic Epupa Complex in the Angolan Shield, SW margin of the Congo Craton. A mineralogical, petrological and geochemical study of the Hamutenha intrusion has been performed. The constrained compositional features of the parental melt suggest interaction of tholeiitic magmas with a significant enrichment in Fe and Ti. Although disseminated Fe–Ni–Cu-(Co) secondary sulphides are observed, both the crustal contamination parameters and generally low bulk-rock metals contents indicate that these elements were most likely previously extracted from the parental melt. U–Pb zircon dating of amphibole diorite samples from the southern unit yields a date of 1844 ± 14 Ma. These data suggest that the emplacement of these rocks was previous to the KC emplacement and it was probably related to the Paleoproterozoic Epupa Complex magmatism.

Tree-ring studies are still lacking in tropical African forests. This is the case in the seasonally dry miombo forests located in Southern Africa. In the Angolan miombo, subject to intense charcoal exploitation, tree-ring data is urgently needed to estimate the age at which the minimum permitted cutting diameter is reached. Further, climate-growth relationships must be also investigated to understand how major miombo tree species respond to climate constraints and teleconnections such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). To achieve both aims, we studied radial growth data of two miombo tree legume species (Brachystegia spiciformis, Julbernardia paniculata) in wet (Bailundo) and dry (Caála) Angolan sites using dendrochronological methods. Both species have diffuse porous wood and conspicuous ring boundaries delimited by terminal parenchyma in latewood. Sampled individuals had ages (at 1.3 m) between 28 and 34 years with ring widths ranging 3.8–4.3 and 5.5–6.0 mm in dry and wet sites, respectively. In the wet (dry) site, Brachystegia and Julbernardia reached maximum diameter increment rates of 1.05–1.32 (0.74–0.91) cm yr−1 at an age of 12 (14−20) years. Both species took 12–15 years to reach a minimum cutting diameter of 15 cm. The growth variability among conspecific individuals was lower in the dry (mean standard error, 1.4 cm) than in the wet site (mean standard error, 2.7 cm). We also found that wet conditions from November to February, often linked to El Niño events, enhanced growth for both species, with greater growth consistency among individuals and higher sensitivity to climate found in the dry site. This information may help to estimate the optimal age for minimum cutting diameter that guarantees the sustainable use of charcoal and fuelwood.

Here, we describe the first pterosaur remains from Angola, an assemblage of fourteen bones from the Lower Maastrichtian marine deposits of Bentiaba, Namibe Province. One new species is introduced, Epapatelo otyikokolo, gen. et sp. nov., which comprises an articulated partial left humerus and ulna as well as an articulated left ulna and radius (from a second individual). Phylogenetic analysis confirms a non-nyctosaurid pteranodontian attribution for this new taxon and supports a new apomorphy-based clade, Aponyctosauria, which is here defined. Late Cretaceous pteranodontians are rare in Sub-Saharan Africa and throughout the Southern Hemisphere. Preliminary histological analysis also reveals a likely sub-adult age for one of the specimens. This fossil assemblage provides a first glimpse of Angolan pterosaur paleobiodiversity providing further insight into the Gondwanan ecosystems of the Upper Cretaceous.

Both private and public investors in Angola and Mozambique have been responsible for the growth and consolidation of major cities. In the countryside, recent private economic investments and new opportunities attracting population and settlement have contributed to the emergence and growth of smaller towns in rural areas. Emergent towns foster expectations of access to better urban living for migrants, who anticipate the transformation of new settlement areas with infrastructure and services being introduced over time; migrants tend to invest more in their permanence there. In both Angola and Mozambique, however, the expectations around emergent cities have been recently challenged by the economic crises, which began in 2014. The implications for residents include not only a reduction or cessation of access to revenues, but also the frustration of their expectations. Based on qualitative research conducted in Angola and Mozambique between 2015 and 2018, in a post-war, post-economic-boom context, this analysis describes the shifting trends of urban formation and consolidation in four towns and the changing perceptions of urbanism. The conclusion proposes that the state and its investments into the urbanisation of places constitute a key element for the consolidation and permanence of these settlements.

Colonato de Cela, an agro-industrial project in Angola is a clear illustration of the interest of the state, both colonial and independent, in the development of rural areas that are not easily penetrated by state governance. It, along with a twin project, Colonato de Limpopo, in Mozambique, was one of the biggest development projects in the post-war period in the colonies of Portugal, which adopted the concept from Israeli agricultural settlement schemes. Portugal was not the only country to borrow the scheme from Israel, but also newly independent countries in Africa did. Active promotion of the scheme by the Israelis through diplomacy led to its wide acceptance, as did the urgent needs of the host countries and their recognition of Israel as a feasible model. By the time of 1973 Arab-Israeli War, these countries no longer accepted Israeli technical assistance. However, its spirit was revived in 2005 after the end of the civil war when the Angolan government inaugurated the Aldeia Nova project whose forerunner was Colonato de Cela in order to settle demobilised soldiers. Throughout the contemporary history of the development scheme transfer, this analysis shows that the practices of developmentalism by the state with independence or regime change easily supersedes the ideological differences.

Democracy is defined as the political power that depends on the people to make decisions. In Angola, the empowerment of Angolan women in politics in recent years has had positive results and this creates a healthy climate for the Angolan political system where women have a notable participation within the 3 powers such as the executive, legislative and judicial powers. Especially in the executive branch, the empowerment of Angolan women is one of the biggest in Africa with the participation of women in parliament. Political power is fundamental for the empowerment of women in other sectors with this it is necessary to continue to believe in the capacity of Angolan women in decision-making and to strengthen the participation of Angolan women in society which helps the recognition of women and gender equality. The objective of this project is to understand how in recent years Angolan women have gained space in Angolan politics, especially in parliament, since it is satisfactory because 52% of the Angolan population is made up of women.

[ES] Se realiza este trabajo por la necesidad de la aplicación de la Gestión y Dirección de Proyectos en contextos desfavorecidos, como es el caso de los países subsaharianos. Se analiza la importancia de la Dirección y Gestión de Proyectos en zonas del mundo afectadas por la sequía y en donde la población es obligada a abandonar sus hogares, cosechas y su estilo de vida, buscando zonas menos afectadas por las inclemencias del tiempo. En este trabajo se analizará específicamente la situación de la población de los Gambos, zona situada entre el sur de Angola y el norte de Namibia, empleando una metodología cualitativa, a través de entrevistas en profundidad a expertos, para poder entender por qué esta zona del mundo viene siendo afectada por este problema a cerca de diez años sin soluciones por falta de proyectos sólidos. Se entiende que con la aplicación de la Dirección de Proyectos se podrá paliar o mismo solucionar este problema., [EN] This work is carried out because of the need for the application of Project Management in disadvantaged contexts, as is the case of sub-Saharan countries. It analyzes the importance of Project Management in areas of the world affected by drought and where the population is forced to abandon their homes, crops and their way of life, looking for areas less affected by inclement weather. This paper will specifically analyze the situation of the population of the Gambos, an area located between southern Angola and northern Namibia, using a qualitative methodology, through in-depth interviews with experts, in order to understand why this area of the world has been affected by this problem for nearly ten years without solutions due to lack of solid projects. It is understood that with the application of Project Management it will be possible to alleviate or even solve this problem., [EU] Lan hori egiten da egoera ahulean dauden herrialdeetan, Saharaz hegoaldeko herrialdeetan kasu, Proiektuen Kudeaketa eta Zuzendaritza aplikatzeko beharra dagoelako. Lehorteak jotako munduko eremuetan Proiektuen Zuzendaritzak eta Kudeaketak duen garrantzia aztertzen da, biztanleak beren etxeak, uztak eta bizimodua uztera behartzen dituzten lekuetan, eguraldi txarrak kalte gutxiago eragiten dien eremuak bilatuz. Lan honetan, Angolako hegoaldearen eta Namibiako iparraldearen artean dagoen Ganboen populazioaren egoera aztertuko da berariaz, metodologia kualitatibo bat erabiliz, adituei egindako elkarrizketa sakonen bidez, ulertu ahal izateko arazo horrek zergatik eragiten dion munduko eremu horri hamar urte ingururen buruan, konponbiderik gabe, proiektu sendorik ez dagoelako. Proiektuen Zuzendaritzaren aplikazioarekin arazo hori arindu edo konpondu ahal izango dela ulertzen da.

One of the forms of African-female power manifests itself in a marked way in the field of spirituality, both in the visible world, that is, of the living, and in the invisible world, that of the dead. This article is part of an ongoing research on the power exercised by African women and that are rarely considered or made visible as forms of power, contrary to a vast literature in which women, for the most part, are considered submissive. The interest falls on practices of becoming djambakus, Balobêru, nganga, Mutombe or tchimbanda in two realities, the Guinean and the Angolan. The richness of the reports of the experiences of a Guinean woman, resident of Ziguinchor, Senegal, with a focus on ancestral traditions to transmit and explain the sacred through oral history, reinforce the analysis of the conception of the place of these women in the exercise of hidden power. The work is theoretical-qualitative: literature review, interviews and oral history. The resource of orality dialogues with the scarcity of written documents on healers, djambacus, Balobêru and nganga who are dedicated to healing. A djambakus who transits between Guinea-Bissau and Senegal was interviewed. The results point to the power of women in the sacred practice of healing through the encounter of popular knowledge, traditional African knowledge, ancestors and the well-being of their communities or tabancas., Uma das formas do poder feminino-africano se manifesta de forma acentuada no campo da espiritualidade, tanto no mundo visível, ou seja, dos vivos, quanto no mundo invisível, o dos mortos. Este artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa em andamento, sobre o poder exercido pelas mulheres africanas e que raras vezes são consideradas ou visibilizadas como formas de poder na contramão de uma vasta literatura em que as mulheres, na sua maioria, são consideradas submissas. O interesse recai sobre práticas de tornar-se djambakus, Balobêru, nganga, Mutombe ou tchimbanda em duas realidades, a guineense e a angolana. A riqueza dos relatos das experiências de uma guineense, moradora de Ziguinchor, Senegal, com foco nas tradições ancestrais para transmitir e explicar o sagrado por intermédio da história oral, reforçam a análise da concepção do lugar destas mulheres no exercício do poder ocultado. O trabalho é de caráter teórico-qualitativo: revisão de literatura, entrevistas e história oral. O recurso da oralidade dialoga com a condição de escassez de documentos escritos sobre curandeiras, djambacus, Balobêru e nganga que se dedicam a curar. Foi entrevistada uma djambakus que transita entre Guiné-Bissau e Senegal. Os resultados apontam para a potência de mulheres na prática sagrada de cura pelo encontro de conhecimentos populares, saberes africanos tradicionais, ancestrais e do bem-estar de suas comunidades ou tabancas., Una de las formas del poder afrofemenino se manifiesta de manera marcada en el campo de la espiritualidad, tanto en el mundo visible, es decir, de los vivos, como en el mundo invisible, el de los muertos. Este artículo es parte de una investigación en curso sobre el poder que ejercen las mujeres africanas y que rara vez son considerados o visibilizados como formas de poder, contrariamente a una vasta literatura en la que las mujeres, en su mayoría, son consideradas sumisas. El interés recae en prácticas de devenir djambakus, balobêru, nganga, mutombe o tchimbanda en dos realidades, la guineana y la angoleña. La riqueza de los relatos de las vivencias de una mujer guineana, residente de Ziguinchor, Senegal, con foco en las tradiciones ancestrales para transmitir y explicar lo sagrado a través de la historia oral, refuerzan el análisis de la concepción del lugar de estas mujeres en el ejercicio del poder oculto. El trabajo es teórico-cualitativo: revisión de literatura, entrevistas e historia oral. El recurso de la oralidad dialoga con la escasez de documentos escritos sobre curanderos, djambacus, balobêru y nganga que se dedican a la curación. Se entrevistó a un djambakus que transita entre Guinea-Bissau y Senegal. Los resultados apuntan al poder de las mujeres en la práctica sagrada de curar a través del encuentro de saberes populares, saberes tradicionales africanos, ancestros y el bienestar de sus comunidades o tabancas.

While someAfrican Floras were continuously revised and several are now almost completed, the Flora of Angola’s ‘Conspectus Florae Angolensis’ still remains incomplete. This applies also for Droseraceae and the genus Drosera. Our study aims to provide an identification key for Drosera ofAngola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including all morphological characters of the different Angolan and Congolese taxa. Loans from different herbaria were studied. A list of important morphological characters was combined with data obtained by observations and measurements. Beside the identification key, nine species descriptions with drawings of the main characteristics, distribution maps and SEM-pictures of pollen and seed morphology are provided. The possibility of hybridisation is discussed. Despite difficulties such as varying morphology or hybridisation in some species, the identification key enables researchers to identify specimens by morphological characters.

Natural resource abundant countries, especially ones rich in oil, tend to suffer from political and economical problems as an effect of their resource wealth. This phenomenon has been observed and studied by many scholars and has been labelled the “Resource curse”. The occurrence of resource curses is mainly observed in countries that are not wealthy, aside from the wealth they have accumulated from their main natural resource meaning that they are largely dependent on exports of this abundant resource. There are many countries in Africa that fall into the category of suffering from a resource curse, as many states rich in oil can at the same time struggle to democratise, gain economic growth and build reliable and quality institutions. This study finds that countries rich in, and dependent on, oil have received significantly more lending from Chinese financiers to initiate different projects. The paper goes on to examine the case of Angola, finding that investments from Chinese banks have contributed greatly to the prosperity of the state-owned oil company Sonangol, which is known to be the most important rentier tool for the Angolan regime. Thereby the Chinese lending to Angola, at perhaps also other oil-dependent states in Africa, can be said to have contributed to the deepening of the resource curse.

En este trabajo se publica un contrato de Angola inédito en el que se regula de forma precisa la gestión del mismo y de la trata de esclavos dirigidos a Brasil y las Indias de Cas-tilla. Se aclara la atribución a su principal arrendador, el portugués Juan Núñez Correa, y se analizan minuciosamente todos los condicionantes legales de la trata organizada en torno al contrato, cuyo conocimiento permite comprender mejor la naturaleza económica y de gestión del tráfico de esclavos en origen. Este contrato se ha puesto en valor comparándolo con el hasta ahora único contrato conocido para Angola en el siglo XVI, anterior al aquí analizado. Para completar los resultados de este trabajo se ha consultado información tanto del Archivo Histórico Provincial de Sevilla, sección de Protocolos Notariales, como de dos bibliotecas sitas en Madrid y Lisboa.

Rassismus in der DDR und den neuen deutschen Bundesländern wurde und wird noch immer überwiegend durch einen analytischen Fokus auf die weiße, ostdeutsche Mehrheitsgesellschaft erforscht. Im Vordergrund dieses Artikels stehen hier jedoch die oral histories mosambikanischer und angolanischer Vertragsarbeiter*innen, die zwischen 1978 und 1990 in der DDR arbeiteten, lebten und liebten, sowie ihrer in Ostdeutschland geborenen mixed-race-Kinder. Obwohl alltägliches rassistisches Wissen, Staatsinteressen und die Solidaritätsdoktrin binationale Beziehungen zwischen Vertragsarbeiter*innen und DDR-Bürger*innen einschränkten, lebten sie ihre Beziehungen selbstbestimmt, nutzten Handlungsspielräume in ihrem Interesse aus und maßen ihren Beziehungen subjektive Bedeutung innerhalb ihrer eigenen, intersektionalen Wissenshorizonte bei. Die Widerstandsstrategien der zweiten Generation schließen die Suche nach dem mosambikanischen Elternteil und die Neuverhandlung der Beziehungen mit ostdeutschen Familienmitgliedern ein. Gemeinsam beleuchten die Erinnerungen beider Generationen die Wirkungsweisen rassistischen Wissens vor und nach 1990 aus einem konkreten, nicht-weißen Fokus und werfen dabei neue Fragen und Herausforderungen für die DDR-Rassismusforschung auf., Research on East German racism before and after 1990 continues to focus on the experiences of the white majority. This paper focuses on the oral histories of Mozambican and Angolan worker trainees who came to the German Democratic Republic (GDR) between 1978-1990 to work, live, and love, and those of the mixed-race children who emerged from their relationships to East German women. The racial knowledge pervading social interactions, state interests, and socialist notions of solidarity, limited the ability of the workers to freely live in mixed-race relationships, but never fully determined their experiences. Instead, Mozambican and Angolan worker-trainees exerted some degree of agency, pursued individual agendas, and resisted their racially constructed positions, in part through engaging in mixed-race relationships. While their children experienced racialised stereotypes much earlier in their biographies, they too were able to challenge and resist East German racist knowledge. Their strategies often took them on journeys searching for their Mozambican parent and of challenging close East German family members. Together, the oral histories of both generations before and after 1990 illuminate the complex ways in which racist knowledge operates and bring up new questions and challenges to existing research on racism in (East) Germany.

Throughout the 1960s, the urban peripheries in several Portuguese colonial cities embarked on a profound process of transformation. With different urban histories and distant geographical contexts, Lisbon and Luanda were united by urban planning and public policies defined by the Estado Novo's response to the lack of housing supply. The neighbourhoods that expressed modern affiliation in their architecture witnessed profound changes brought about by the April 25th Revolution and the consequent process of democracy in Portugal (1974) and independence in Angola (1975). This article proposes a comparative analysis of middle-class housing complexes, demystifying the urban peripheries by an optimistic architecture that helped shape the built environment and echoed its time's urban and political concerns. It analyses four case studies, taking into account their inherent characteristics (urban layout, architecture, and interior design), their significance as a testimony to the social and political aspirations of the time, and the quality of life and lifestyles of their current population. It draws on sociological surveys and analysis of plans, photographs, and maps to carry out a broader picture of modern housing through the work of Fernando Silva in Lisbon and Fernão Simões de Carvalho in Luanda. Based on current research, this article aims to assess the resilience of these neighbourhoods by analysing the housing landscape from an urban and architectural perspective. By mapping the changes after 50 years of use, the intention is to understand how they have adapted to current conditions (urban and social) and support future actions.

Two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, there are signs that sub-Saharan Africa will experience a modest recovery in 2022. Yet at least in the first half of the year, the region will continue to suffer from inadequate provision and administration of vaccines. In addition, violent conflicts and structural weaknesses constitute considerable challenges. We present a selective list and analysis of "ten things to watch" in Africa in 2022. Politics: Last year saw a number of military coups, which may foreshadow future takeovers by armies in Africa. Pivotal elections lie ahead that could trigger the outbreak of violence, for instance in Kenya. Political heavyweight South Africa is in a severe socio-economic crisis that is engendering growing public anger, and the governing African National Congress is experiencing increasingly deepening internal rifts. Violent conflicts: The civil war in Ethiopia puts the state’s integrity at risk and could further undermine stability in the whole Horn of Africa. Jihadism represents a major security threat on the continent that needs to be tackled by African and international actors. A focus should lie on addressing root causes and on preventing crises. Development: It will take years for African countries to rebound from the pandemic’s socio-economic repercussions. Structural problems such as high poverty, inequality, and government debt hamper economic growth and the effects of climate change are strongly felt in many African countries already. The year 2022 will be crucial for devising the next steps for continental economic integration. International arena: Africa is a sought-after international partner. Several actors including China, Turkey, the United States, and the European Union and its member countries are vying for political and economic influence. This competition will further intensify. African countries getting their full share of COVID-19 vaccines will be important. African and international partners need to expand support fo

Este artigo resulta da Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada pela primeira autora e orientada pela segunda. Pretende-se efetuar uma reflexão em torno de alguns dos fatores que influenciam o insucesso na disciplina de Matemática, na dimensão do docente, do discente e dos pais. A investigação deriva de uma metodologia mista: qualitativa e quantitativa, em que se propõe analisar dinâmicas do estabelecimento de ensino, Liceu Comandante Kapango, da Província do Huambo, em Angola, com a finalidade de analisar o aproveitamento dos alunos em Matemática. Além dos alunos, foram também ouvidos professores, da 11º classe do Sistema de Ensino Angolano e as famílias dos alunos. Assim, colocamos a questão: Que fatores podem condicionar o sucesso da disciplina de Matemática, em Angola? Percebe-se que o insucesso dos alunos, em Matemática, pode ser influenciado por fatores intrínsecos ao próprio aluno, mas também por fatores extrínsecos. Foi possível estabelecer que os fatores intrínsecos ao aluno são agravados pelo fraco acompanhamento das famílias, na realização de tarefas escolares, e também dos professores. Neste sentido, todos os participantes desta investigação, até mesmo os próprios professores, são unânimes em afirmar que os docentes têm dificuldade em orientar melhor os alunos, pela duração das aulas., This article results from the dissertation presented by the first author. It is intended to reflect on some of the factors that influence failure in mathematics, in the dimension of the teacher, the student and the parents. The research derives from a mixed methodology: qualitative and quantitative, in which it is proposed to analyze dynamics of the educational establishment, High School Comandante Kapango, in the Province of Huambo, Angola, in order to analyze the students' achievement in mathematics. Besides the students, teachers of the 11th grade of the Angolan Education System and the students' families were also interviewed. Thus, we posed the question: What are the factors that influence failure in mathematics discipline at the High School Comandante Kapango? Failure of students in mathematics can be influenced by intrinsic factors, but also by extrinsic factors. It was possible to establish that the intrinsic factors to the student are aggravated by the weak support of the families, in the performance of school tasks, and of the teachers. In other way, all the participants in this research, even the teachers themselves, are unanimous in stating that teachers have difficulty in better guiding the students, due to the length of the classes.

Socio-economic damages caused by extreme floods have been increasing rapidly in recent years, mainly driven by changes in the climate and modulated by increasing human population in deltic areas and floodplains. The Cuvelai-Etosha Basin (CEB) in southern Africa, covering southern Angola and northern Namibia, experiences socially and economically devastating extreme floods. Yet, accurate information on past and current surface water changes and dynamics is lacking. Here, we estimate and map the surface water extents in the CEB and its surroundings (CEB + S) for 32 years (1990–2021) from Landsat data using random forest models to provide long-term baseline information on surface water changes and dynamics. Based on the reference data, a total of 15,677 ± 1080 km2 have been inundated by surface water in the CEB + S during 1990–2021. This extent was accurately mapped by our local water extent product (mapped area = 16,273 km2, user’s accuracy = 91.5 ± 2.5%, producer’s accuracy = 91.1 ± 6%). With user’s and producer’s accuracy of 91%, our overall water extent provides the first most accurate long-term baseline information on surface water inundation in CEB + S necessary for local spatial planning processes to minimise future negative impacts of floods in the basin. Interannual variability of surface water extent is, however, high, with water extent ranging from 520.8 ± 375.7 km2 to 12372.3 ± 1154.7 km2 during the 1990–2021 period. The largest annual water extents (>10,000 km2) were recorded in 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011, and 2017, whereas the smallest extents (<1000 km2) were recorded in 1992 and 2019. We found that over 40% of the area inundated in the CEB + S during 1990–2021 was inundated less than 9 times. With human population increasing rapidly in the CEB + S, rarely inundated areas with short water residence could become a prime target for human settlements, which may lead to huge socio-economic damages during extreme floods if no preventive measures are put in place.

[EN] The Kalahari Basin is the largest sandy basin of tectonic origin. Developed over the Congo Craton, it covers part of the national territories of Botswana, Namibia, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa, approximately 2.5 million km2. The sedimentary fill comprises rocks and sediments from Upper Cretaceous to Quaternary age, which were deposited mainly during periods when the Basin was subject to extensive geodynamic regimes.

[EN] The Spanish Mining and Geology Institute (IGME) and the National Institute for Energy and Geology of Portugal (LNEG), have created 30 rocks and industrial minerals maps, on 1:50.000 scale, focused in the South of Angola, where the miner development can allow an important economic development.

[EN] PLANAGEO is an international Project developed by the Spanish Geological Survey (IGME), Portugal Geological Survey (LNEG) and Asturian company (IMPULSO) for 8 years (2014-2022) in the south part of Angola (476.500 Km2). This project has four main activities: 1) Aerogeophysical surveys, 2) Geological mapping, 3) Geochemical exploration and 4) Specific studies (Mineral resources exploration, hydrogeological studies and ornamental rock and industrial mineral exploration).

[EN] The main objective of the PLANAGEO Project is to obtain continuous geological mapping at a scale of 1:250,000 for the entire Angolan territory, generating a systematic and homogeneous knowledge of the country. This geological information has been the basis for other specific works at different scales in areas of interest, such as the Regional Geochemical Map of Angola at a scale of 1:250,000, the Geological Map at a scale of 1:100,000, the Map of Metallic Resources and the Map of Industrial Rocks and Minerals (RMR), at a scale of 1:50,000.

[EN] IGEO (Geological Institute of Angola) has developed the so-called “PLAN NACIONAL DE GEOLOGIA DE ANGOLA” (PLANAGEO). Within this ambitious project, one of the basic subprograms was focused on the remote sensing survey of the country. The main objective of the study is the use of satellite Earth Observation data in order to support preliminary geological and regolith mapping. This allows us to obtain a first approximation to cartography 1:250.000. Litho-structural and regolith maps are elaborated over eight blocks, covering one-third of the country area and including different geological contexts.