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The present study used the techniques of gene expression programming (GEP) and multi-expression programming (MEP) to assess the compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS) and develop predictive models of sustainable mortar modified with waste eggshell powder (WEP) and waste glass powder (WGP) as a replacement of cement. In order to get more insights into the impact and relation of raw components on the CS and FS of a developed sustainable mortar, a comprehensive study using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) methodology was performed. When comparing the efficiency of both employed models, it was seen that the MEP model exhibited superior performance with an R2 value of 0.871 and 0.894 for CS and FS, as compared to the GEP model, which had an R2 value of 0.842 and 0.845 for CS and FS respectively., Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-04-09 (joosat);Funder: King Faisal University (GRANT5577);Full text license: CC BY

Alkali-activated composites (AACs) have attracted considerable interest as a promising alternative to reduce CO2 emissions from Portland cement production and advance the decarbonisation of concrete construction. This study describes the data-driven predictive modelling to anticipate the compressive strength (CS) of AACs. Four different modelling techniques have been chosen to forecast the CS of AACs using the selected data set. The decision tree (DT), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), bagging regressor (BR), and AdaBoost regressor (AR) were employed to investigate the precision level of each model. When it comes to predicting the CS of AACs, the results show that the AR model performs better than the BR model, the MLP model, and the DT model by providing a higher value for the coefficient of determination, which is equal to 0.91, and a lower MAPE value, which is equal to 13.35%. However, the accuracy level of the BR model was very near to that of the AR model, with the R2 value suggesting a value of 0.90 and the MAPE value indicating a value of 14.43%. Moreover, the graphical user interface has also been developed for the strength prediction of alkali-activated composites, making it easy to get the required output from the selected inputs., Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-04-09 (joosat);Funder: Najran University (NU/NRP/SERC/12/7); King Faisal University (GRANT4500);Full text license: CC BY 4.0

Present work was conducted to assess the apple value chain, and marketing margin to propose policy recommendations for apple production in Balochistan. The population of the study consists of the Kalat division; districts Mastung and Kalat were selected randomly for conducting research. A total of 120 respondents were interviewed. 25 growers, 15 wholesalers, 15 retailers, and only 10 commission agents were interviewed separately in each district. The results showed that 24.0% of the apple growers in both districts were illiterate, about 80.0% had experience of 35 to 50 years in apple production, and about 80% of the orchards were established for 20 to 25 years. Producers' profit share for different varieties of apple Tor Kulu 46.66%, Shin Kulu 34.44%, and Kaja 48.55%. Wholesalers profit share for Tor Kulu 10.31%, Shin Kulu 7.94%, and Kaja 10.29%. and the retailers' profit share for Tor Kulu was 7.50%, Shin Kulu 4.94%, and Kaja 6.27%. Further, there were no facilities for cold storage and roads. Probably, the grower’s knowledge regarding apple production and the lack of facilities for wholesalers and retailers are the main obstacles to apple production. The major problems noted during the survey were the improper infrastructure, lack of markets in the study area, illegal smuggling of apples, less availability of natural resources and credit, and the lack of market intelligence and extension services. It is suggested that there should be a good possibility to develop a policy that supports the marketing of apples, especially through agricultural cooperatives, besides further enhancing the exploitation of state subsidies for apple production.

Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilatarbelakangi atas ditemukannya beberapa permasalahan dalam aspek sosial yang terdapat di Desa Tugu Utara Kp. Sampay RT.02 / RW.03. Hambatan yang terjadi diantaranya kurangnya kesadaran terhadap lingkungan  dan minimnya pengembangan kreativitas anak usia sekolah dasar. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kreativitas anak usia sekolah dasar dan menumbuhkan kesadaran terhadap lingkungan melalui kegiatan fun weekend. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah dengan menggunakan 3 tahap, yaitu observasi, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan fun weeekend  ini yaitu anak-anak  usia  sekolah  dasar  dapat  mengetahui kemampuan dan kreativitas yang dimilikinya karena anak-anak diajarkan pengenalan dan pembuatan limbah botol plastik yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media untuk tanaman herbal, kertas origami yang dibuat menjadi ragam bentuk hiasan, serta terdapat calistung dan juga menggambar. Dengan demikian, anak- anak bisa mengisi akhir pekannya dengan hal-hal yang akan meningkatkan daya kreasinya.

Overfishing is the main cause of fish stock exploitation in the marine environment. In the current study growth dynamics of the marine catfish, Arius maculatus collected from Karachi Fish Harbour were studied. The relationship between total length and weight (W=aLb) was significantly linear (p<0.001). The condition factor (Kf) varied from 1.06±0.12 to 1.23±0.07. The ‘b’ values and R2 values indicated that the growth was significantly (p<0.001) positive allometric (b>3) in the monsoons season while in the pre- and post-monsoon the growth was reported as significantly negative allometric (b<3). The negative allometric growth shows that the fish are unable to maintain their shape in the specific season. It is suggested to stop the fishing activities for marine catfishes during the spawning and oral incubation period in pre-monsoon especially from February to mid-April to ensure sustainable fishing with a better growth dynamic., University of Karachi (Pakistan), Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

This study aims to determine the relationship between firm value, carbon emission disclosure, green intellectual capital, and environmental performance and to determine the moderating role generated by firm size on the relationship between firm value, carbon emission disclosure, green intellectual capital, also environmental performance. The samples in this study were 21 companies in the energy and basic materials sectors written on the IDX in 2019-2022 which were taken using purposive sampling technique. The findings of this study resulted in six conclusions. First, carbon emission disclosure has a significant negative impact on firm value. Second, green intellectual capital has a significant positive impact on firm value. Third, environmental performance has a negative impact on firm value. Fourth, there is a positive influence between carbon emission disclosure and firm value moderated by firm size. Fifth, there is a negative influence between green intellectual capital and firm value moderated by firm size. Sixth, there is a positive influence between environmental performance and firm value moderated by firm size.

The aim of this research is to determine the influence of independent commissioners on managerial ownership of green accounting on the financial performance of consumen non-cyclicals sectors companies. This type of research is quantitative. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from questionnaires. Secondary data from company data, journals and books. Independent commissioners positively impact financial performance. Through objective and independent oversight, companies can enhance financial performance via more effective management, increased transparency, and greater investor confidence. Managerial ownership also significantly improves financial performance. When management holds company shares, they have a strong incentive to encourage financial performance, minimize conflicts of interest, and make more strategic decisions. Similarly, green accounting has a notable positive effect on financial performance.

The iron-based biomass-supported catalyst has been used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). However, there is no study regarding the life cycle assessment (LCA) of biomass-supported iron catalysts published in the literature. This study discusses a biomass-supported iron catalyst’s LCA for the conversion of syngas into a liquid fuel product. The waste biomass is one of the source of activated carbon (AC), and it has been used as a support for the catalyst. The FTS reactions are carried out in the fixed-bed reactor at low or high temperatures. The use of promoters in the preparation of catalysts usually enhances C5+ production. In this study, the collection of precise data from on-site laboratory conditions is of utmost importance to ensure the credibility and validity of the study’s outcomes. The environmental impact assessment modeling was carried out using the OpenLCA 1.10.3 software. The LCA results reveals that the synthesis process of iron-based biomass supported catalyst yields a total impact score in terms of global warming potential (GWP) of 1.235E + 01 kg CO2 equivalent. Within this process, the AC stage contributes 52% to the overall GWP, while the preparation stage for the catalyst precursor contributes 48%. The comprehensive evaluation of the iron-based biomass supported catalyst’s impact score in terms of human toxicity reveals a total score of 1.98E−02 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DB) equivalent., Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-04-04 (signyg);Full text license: CC BY

Anak usia dini adalah manusia yang berada dalam rentang usia 0-6 tahun. Dalam usia ini anak memiliki perkembangan yang sangat pesat perkembangan manusia terjadi di usia dini ada sekitar 40%. Usia dini merupakan usia yang sangat baik untuk memberikan stimulasi pada anak agar dapat berkembang. Untuk itu penanaman nilai-nilai karakter merupakan hal yang sangat perlu dilaksanakan pada anak usia dini agar anak menjadi pribadi yang lebih baik berakhlak dan bermoral bagi kehidupan bangsa. Salah satu tempat guna menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter pada anak usia dini ialah pada jenjang sekolah yakni di pendidikan anak usia dini (PAUD). Adapun program yang dapat mendukung implementasi nilai-nilai karakter ini yaitu program holistik integratif. Holistik integratif merupakan program penanganan anak usia dini secara menyeluruh yang didalamnya mencakup berbagai kebutuhan seperti layanan gizi dan kesehatan pendidikan dan pengasuhan serta perlindungan untuk mengoptimalkan semua aspek perkembangan anak yang dilakukan secara terpadu oleh berbagai pemangku kepentingan di tingkat masyarakat pemerintah daerah dan pusat. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan (1) nilai-nilai karakter yang ditanamkan melalui program holistik integratif di KB-TK Negeri Pembina 1 Kota Malang (2) perencanaan program holistik integratif dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter pada anak usia dini di KB-TK Negeri Pembina 1 Kota Malang (3) pelaksanaan program holistik integratif dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter pada anak usia dini di KB-TK Negeri Pembina 1 Kota Malang dan (4) evaluasi program holistik integratif dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter pada anak usia dini di KB-TK Negeri Pembina 1 Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian ini yaitu di KB-TK Negeri Pembina 1 Kota Malang. Informan pada penelitian ini yaitu Kepala Sekolah Koordinator program holistik integratif dan Wali Murid. Tahap pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan

This research article endeavors to apply the CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis) model by Norman Fairclough to reveal the political identities and distinct ideologies of the United States' political personalities. The U.S. has always been drowned in different leadership and especially race/color discrimination crises. This paper presents the CDA of the presidential-elect inaugural speech of Joe Biden after the historical U.S. election of 2020. This speech was delivered on 7th November 2020. Like all modified academic disciplines, CDA is developed as an advanced academic discipline. The present research article stands on the base of Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional analytical model. Applying Fairclough’s 3D framework helps examine the ground political ideology of the speech. Analysis of linguistic choices has been examined at the first level and discourse practice of the text at the second level. The third level examined sociocultural practices. The underlying aim of this research paper was to examine the linguistic resources the speaker used. It also aims to examine Joe Biden’s political ideology behind his speech. This study lays out an impetus for further research in this field by providing initial grounds for it.

Sahibzada MUK, Sadiq A, Faidah HS, et al. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018;12:303-312. We, the Editors and Publisher of Drug Design, Development and Therapy, have retracted the following article. Following publication of the article, concerns were raised regarding the duplication of nanoparticles within the SEM images shown in Figures 1 and 2. These duplicated regions did not appear to be part of the original SEM images. The authors responded to our queries but were unable to provide a sufficient explanation for the duplicated nanoparticles or provide the original SEM images for the study. As verifying the validity of published work is core to the integrity of the scholarly record, we are therefore retracting the article and the authors were notified of this. We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and COPE guidelines. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.

Solusi paling ideal untuk mengatasi ketergantungan terhadap energi fosil adalah dengan mengembangkan energi terbarukan. Salah satu sumber energi terbarukan adalah tenaga angin. Energi angin merupakan energi bersih yang tidak akan mencemari lingkungan selama proses produksi. Turbin yang cocok untuk kecepatan angin rendah adalah turbin angin sumbu vertikal Savonius karena torsi awalnya yang tinggi. Turbin memiliki bentuk dan struktur yang sederhana, disusun menyerupai huruf S. Kecepatan angin yang tidak menentu inilah yang menyebabkan turbin angin vertikal dengan bentuk rotor Savonius S cocok dan efektif sebagai generator untuk output yang maksimal. Rotor Savonius S memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan Savonius U karena pada Savonius S lebih banyak angin yang mengenai rotor mengalir ke bilah rotor sehingga memberikan energi tambahan. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, prototipe kincir angin Savonius S dibuat dari bahan sederhana, tanpa mengendalikannya untuk menghasilkan daya yang optimal. Angin yang masuk dan mampu menggerakkan turbin masih berubah-ubah, sehingga perlu dikontrol agar kecepatan angin tetap konstan. Pengendalian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan nilai power yang optimal dengan sudut bukaan blade high pitch sesuai dengan power optimum yang diharapkan.

The two component micro-powder injection molding (2C-?PIM) process has evolved from ?PIM process because of the increasing demand for multi-functional micro-components applications. In this research work, the selected materials to fabricate micro-sized bi-material parts are zirconia (ZrO2) and hydroxyapatite (HA). ZrO2 is chosen for structural integrity and bio-inert, while HA is mainly chosen for bio-active properties. The reason of employing the multi-component binders is to ensure the flowability of the feedstock. Feedstock rheological characteristics needs to be carefully investigated to avoid any undesirable and inhomogeneous mixture between powder and binder. A common binder system which is comprised of palm stearin and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were mixed with individual ZrO2 and HA powder particles to prepare for ZrO2 and HA feedstocks. Typically, the feedstocks were obtained ZrO2 and HA powders independently with a binder ratio of 60 wt.% of palm stearin and 40wt.% low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The mixing was carried out in Brabender mixer. Before mixing, critical powder volume percentage (CPVP) analysis was carried out to determine the optimal powder loadings required to prepare the ZrO2 and HA feedstocks. In this research work, the obtained CPVP of ZrO2 and HA powders were 47.0 and 59.0 vol.%, respectively. Based on CPVP analysis, six feedstocks with optimal powder loadings of 43, 44 and 45 vol.% for ZrO2 and 54, 55 and 56 vol.% for HA were prepared. The rheological analysis involving viscosity, shear rate, flow behavior index, activation energy and moldability index was investigated using capillary rheometer. Based on the obtained rheology result, it shows that the overall shear rate and viscosity are within the 2C-?PIM process recommended range. All tested composition shows pseudoplastic behavior. The results of the study found that ZrO2 and HA with optimal powder loadings of 55 vol.% and 44 vol.% have good rheological properties compared to fe

Masyarakat Batak Angkola beragama Islam, maka segala prilaku kehidupan mereka harus bersandarkan kepada Alquran dan Hadis. Pada sisi yang lain, mereka memiliki budaya yang melekat dalam kehidupan semenjak nenek moyang. Seiring dengan masuknya Islam ke masyarakat Batak Angkola, maka nilai-nilai ajaran Islam (Alquran dan Hadis) tersebut bersentuhan dan berpadu dengan nilai-nilai budaya yang telah mengakar di kalangan masyarakat Batak Angkola. Permasalahan yang ingin dijawab adalah pelaksanaan adat perkawinan, perpaduan nilai hadis dan adat, dan dampak serta respon masyarakat terhadap internalisasi nilai-nilai hadis dalam adat perkawinan Batak Angkola. Penelitian kualitatif ini dengan metode etnografi yang mendeskripsikan gejala kebudayaan dan keagamaan (hadis) serta kaitan keduanya. Internalisasi nilai Hadis dan adat budaya perkawinan Batak Angkola yaitu: mendatangi tukang peramal, anjuran menikah pada hari Jum’at, larangan menikah satu marga, anjuran menikahi anak perempuan saudara laki ibu, melihat dan memilih calon istri, menggunakan simbol-simbol/nasihat dalam perkawinan, mahar perkawinan, mengadakan huburan musik, dan menunjukan perhiasan. Telah terjadi pergeseran nilai yang akomodatif prakmatis dalam kontek adat budaya perkawinan Batak Angkola Tapanuli Selatan akibat dari internalisasi nilai Hadis yang disampaikan oleh para Dai pada masyarakat Batak Angkola Tapanuli Selatan Sumatera Utara.

Jewellery item retrieval is regularly used to find what people want on online marketplaces using a sample query reference image. Considering recent developments, due to the simultaneous nature of various jewelry items, various jewelry goods' occlusion in images or visual streams, as well as shape deformation, content-based jewellery item retrieval (CBJIR) still has limitations whenever it pertains to visual searching in the actual world. This article proposed a content-based jewellery item retrieval method using the local region-based histograms in HSV color space. Using five local regions, our novel jewellery classification module extracts the specific feature vectors from the query image. The jewellery classification module is also applied to the jewellery database to extract feature vectors. Finally, the similarity score is matched between the database and query features vectors to retrieve the jewellery items from the database. The proposed method performance is tested on publicly available jewellery item retrieval datasets, i.e. ringFIR and Fashion Product Images dataset. The experimental results demonstrate the dominance of the proposed method over the baseline methods for retrieving desired jewellery products.

Content-based fashion image retrieval (CBFIR) has been widely used in our daily life for searching fashion images or items from online platforms. In e-commerce purchasing, the CBFIR system can retrieve fashion items or products with the same or comparable features when a consumer uploads a reference image, image with text, sketch or visual stream from their daily life. This lowers the CBFIR system reliance on text and allows for a more accurate and direct searching of the desired fashion product. Considering recent developments, CBFIR still has limits when it comes to visual searching in the real world due to the simultaneous availability of multiple fashion items, occlusion of fashion products, and shape deformation. This paper focuses on CBFIR methods with the guidance of images, images with text, sketches, and videos. Accordingly, we categorized CBFIR methods into four main categories, i.e., image-guided CBFIR (with the addition of attributes and styles), image and text-guided, sketch-guided, and video-guided CBFIR methods. The baseline methodologies have been thoroughly analyzed, and the most recent developments in CBFIR over the past six years (2017 to 2022) have been thoroughly examined. Finally, key issues are highlighted for CBFIR with promising directions for future research.

The Gamma Regression Model (GRM) has a variety of applications in medical sciences and other disciplines. The results of the GRM may be misleading in the presence of multicollinearity. In this article, a new biased estimator called James-Stein estimator is proposed to reduce the impact of correlated regressors for the GRM. The mean squared error (MSE) properties of the proposed estimator are derived and compared with the existing estimators. We conducted a simulation study and employed the MSE and bias evaluation criterion to judge the proposed estimator’s performance. Finally, two medical dataset are considered to show the benefit of the proposed estimator over existing estimators.

We are currently in a post-pandemic era in which life has shifted to a digital world. This has affected many aspects of life, including education and learning. Education 5.0 refers to the fifth industrial revolution in education by leveraging digital technologies to eliminate barriers to learning, enhance learning methods, and promote overall well-being. The concept of Education 5.0 represents a new paradigm in the field of education, one that is focused on creating a learner-centric environment that leverages the latest technologies and teaching methods. This paper explores the key requirements of Education 5.0 and the enabling technologies that make it possible, including artificial intelligence, blockchain, and virtual and augmented reality. We analyze the potential impact of these technologies on the future of education, including their ability to improve personalization, increase engagement, and provide greater access to education. Additionally, we examine the challenges and ethical considerations associated with Education 5.0 and propose strategies for addressing these issues. Finally, we offer insights into future directions for the development of Education 5.0, including the need for ongoing research, collaboration, and innovation in the field. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of Education 5.0, its requirements, enabling technologies, and future directions, and highlights the potential of this new paradigm to transform education and improve learning outcomes for students.

The prevalence of people living with HIV/AIDS is a steady increase. Thus people face several challenges in terms of the medical management of their disease. Alongside stigma, discrimination, and psychological issues also mainly affect their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the health-related quality of life of patients with HIV/AIDS. A crossectional study was conducted with 40 outpatients in a Voluntary Counseling and Testing Centre for HIV/AIDS of a public hospital in Bengkulu, Indonesia. WHOQOL-HIV BREF was used to measure the health-related quality of life among them. A descriptive statistic was performed for data analysis. This study found that overall the quality of life of patients with HIV/AIDS was poor. Spiritual and psychological domains were the most health issue reported by the patients followed by the physical health domain. These results could be an indicator to assess outcomes of health treatment that was received by the patients.

Teknologi komunikasi saat ini berkembang dengan pesat khususnya dalam bidang telekomunikasi, Perkembangan internet yang sangat cepat dan juga berkembangnya aplikasi-aplikasi multimedia membutuhkan persyaratan Quality of Services (QoS) tertentu. Namun jaringan IP biasa tidak didesain untuk melewatkan layanan multimedia yang bersifat realtime. Pada dasarnya semua orang yang terhubung ke jaringan mereka dapat bertukar informasi dan data antara satu orang dengan yang lain, baik berupa gambar, suara, video, teks dan yang lainnya, , namun jika kita menggunakan panggilan telepon tradisional, selain tarif yang mahal juga letak geografis menentukan besar kecilnya biaya yang harus dikeluarkan. Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) merupakan sebuah teknologi inovasi yang menjadikan jaringan internet ataupun jaringan lokal komputer, sebagai media transmisi paket data suara agar pengguna dapat berkomunikasi satu sama lain. Hasil pengujian pada pengujian Alpha Delay (Waktu Tunggu) telpon VOIP lebih Singkat dibandingkan dengan telpon whatsapp adalah 17 detik. Jadi telpon voip lebih unggul 14 Detik dari telpon Whatsapp diambil dari selisih delay whatsapp dan voip yaitu 17 Detik - 3 Detik = 14 Detik, Pada pengujian Beta Semua client telah terhubung dengan server dan client lainnya. Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) adalah Teknologi yang relatif baru di dunia jaringan telekomunikasi. Teknologi MPLS memungkinkan paket berada dalam sistem dalam waktu yang lebih singkat dibandingkan dengan jaringan IP, karena pada jaringan MPLS tiap paket diberi label yang kemudian digunakan sebagai informasi untuk proses switching menggantikan IP header pada proses routing. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah VoIP analisi ketengguhan sinyal jaringan pada VoIp dan keamanan penggunaan telekomunikasi menggunakan jaringan tanpa kabel.

Communication technology is currently growing rapidly, especially in the field of telecommunications. The rapid development of the internet and the development of multimedia applications require certain Quality of Services (QoS) requirements. However, ordinary IP networks are not designed to pass real-time multimedia services. Basically everyone who is connected to their network can exchange information and data between one person with another, be it images, sound, video, text and others, but if we use traditional telephone calls, in addition to expensive tariffs, geographical location is also important. determine the size of the costs to be incurred. Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is an innovative technology that makes the internet network or local computer network, as a medium for transmitting voice data packets so that users can communicate with each other. The test results on the Alpha Delay (Waiting Time) VOIP phone test is shorter than the WhatsApp phone, which is 17 seconds. So VoIP calls are 14 seconds superior to Whatsapp calls, taken from the difference between WhatsApp and VoIP delays, which is 17 Seconds - 3 Seconds = 14 Seconds. In Beta testing, all clients have been connected to the server and other clients. Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a relatively new technology in the world of telecommunications networks. MPLS technology allows packets to be in the system in a shorter time than IP networks, because in MPLS networks each packet is labeled which is then used as information for the switching process to replace the IP header in the routing process. The results obtained from this study are VoIP analysis of network signal strength on VoIP and the security of using telecommunications using wireless networks

The world of information technology is currently experiencing very rapid development, especially in internet technology. The Internet itself is a form of utilization of a computer network system, a computer network system consisting of a group of computer systems and other computing hardware linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication and resource sharing among various users. TCP / IP is a standard protocol that is applied to the internet network. The existence of a router in a TCP/IP network is very important, this is due to the large number of hosts and the differences in the devices used on a TCP/IP network. Router is a computer network device that is used to forward data packets from one network to another, both within the scope of LAN and WAN networks (Yani A., 2008). As a result, a routing mechanism is needed that can integrate many users with a high degree of flexibility. Routing is generally divided into two categories, namely static routing and dynamic routing. Static routing is a routing mechanism that depends on the routing table with manual configuration while dynamic routing is a routing mechanism where the routing table exchange between routers on the network is carried out dynamically. Routing in the world of information technology (IT) is part of how to improve network performance. Routing is a process to choose the path (path) traversed by the packet. Routing itself is very instrumental in building a network, be it LAN or WAN. Currently the use of routing in a network is something that needs to be taken into account in a company. Today's companies that have business processes in the IT sector are very dependent on network availability. Network reliability is the main point in the operation of the system. An adequate and reliable network infrastructure is very much needed by the company, especially regarding the company's electability. Companies that have large-scale networks need several techniques so that the network

Hypoxia, an oxygen-deprived condition of the tumor, is one of the major reasons for resistance to chemotherapy. Carbonic anhydrases are generally involved in pH homeostasis in normal conditions, but in solid tumors having a strong relation with hypoxia, the carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) enzyme is overexpressed and results in an extracellular acidic environment. For most weakly basic anticancer drugs, including doxorubicin (Dox), the ionization in an acidic environment limits their cellular uptake, and consequently, the tumor exposure to the drug at sub-therapeutic concentration comes out as chemoresistance. Herein, a combined drug delivery system of liposomes and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) was developed for the co-delivery of the CA-IX enzyme inhibitor and Dox in hypoxic condition. The unique structure of MSNPs with higher surface area was utilized for higher drug loading and sustained release of Dox. Additionally, the biocompatible nature of liposomal coating as a second loading site for the CA-IX enzyme inhibitor has provided gatekeeping effects at pore opening to avoid premature drug release. Lipid coated MSNPs as a co-delivery system for Dox and the CA-IX inhibitor have synergistic cytotoxic effects against MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells in hypoxic conditions. These findings assure the potential of this drug delivery system to overcome hypoxia-related chemoresistance.

A circularly polarized wideband reflectarray is presented using a monofilar single-turn helical antenna as reflecting element. An 11 x 11 elements reflectarray is designed, simulated and measured in X-band which demonstrates a wide bandwidth and large-angle beam-scanning performance. Phase range of 360 degrees is obtained by rotating off-centred reflecting elements. Full wave simulations show that 1-dB bandwidth of 29.1% is achieved at the center frequency of 10 GHz with a maximum gain of 23.9 dB at normal angle of incidence (phi = 0 degrees, theta= 0 degrees) where the measured gain for the focused beam is 23.6 dB with an aperture efficiency of 51.7%. Simulated and tested axial ratio is less than 3 dB from 8.9 GHz to 10.7 GHz. Moreover, large-angle beam scanning performance is verified by changing the angle of incidence from +30 degrees to -30 degrees in both orthogonal planes and maximum gain loss is tested to be less than 1.3 dB at all scanned angles. Feasibility of design is demonstrated by the measured radiation performance and the results are in good agreement with the simulations.

The newborn survival, growth, and development depend on the knowledge of essential infant care and correct application. The World Health Organization's guideline is crucial, yet the majority of healthcare professionals are unaware of it and do not adhere to it. Four million infants die every year, primarily in developing countries. For every 1,000 live births in Pakistan, there are 40.4 neonatal fatalities. Objectives: To examine nurses understanding and their application of newborn care at Bahawalpur tertiary care hospitals. Methods: At Bahawalpur's tertiary care hospitals, a cross-sectional study was done. Using a random sampling procedure, 280 registered nurses who provide labor and delivery and neonatal care were chosen. Participants were given self-administered questionnaires in order to gather data. Input and analysis of the data were done with SPSS Version 21.0. Frequency and percentages were used to present qualitative characteristics. A P value of 0.05 was employed to evaluate statistical significance. Results: Study participants averaged a 24.28 on a knowledge scale. 53.2 % of respondents had strong knowledge, while 47.8 % had low knowledge, according to the research. 52.1 % of respondents had an excellent level of practice, while 48.9 % had a low level, according to the mean practice score of 33.83. Conclusions: On some crucial aspects of neonatal care, the research population had inadequate knowledge and experience. Therefore, while assigning employees to the delivery room, preference should be given to participants with higher knowledge. Those who perform well should also be commended

Purpose:The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of leadership styles on employee well-being and resilience in private universities in Peshawar during COVID-19. The role of leadership in reducing stress and improving mental and physical health was not investigated in COVID-19, and this area is particularly understudied in the Pakistani context.Methodology:Data has been collected from 203 faculty members of 10 private-sector universities in Peshawar using an adapted questionnaire. The respondents include lecturers, assistant professors, and full professors working in private-sector universities.Findings:Using the partial least square regression, it is found that charismatic leadership, intellectual stimulation, personal recognition, contingent reward, and management by exception have positive and significant relationships with employee well-being and resilience in private sector universities in Peshawar.Conclusion:The conclusion is that leaders should use both transformational and transactional leadership styles in their organizations. They should also pay attention to the well-being and resilience of their employees in the workplace.

Aim of this research was to investigate the association between self-esteem and occupational stress among professional rescuers in Kohat District, Pakistan. All the professional rescuers of operational backgrounds serving in four rescue stations of Kohat District i.e., Kohat city, Lachi, Shakar Dara, and Gumbat constituted the population of this study. Sample include overall 156 operational rescuers selected through a simple random sampling procedure. To collect data from the professional rescuers, two valid and reliable instruments i.e., the Self-esteem scale was developed by Rifai and Tariq (1999), and Occupational Stress Index was developed by Shrivatsava and Singh (1981) were used. The data was collected by visiting four established rescue stations of Kohat District. After completion of data collection, it was properly organized, tabulated before analyses through SPSS. Different descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were applied. Findings of the current study reported strong negative correlation between self-esteem and occupational stress. Furthermore, it was revealed that self-esteem predicts occupational stress negatively. Outcomes of this research recommend that the self-esteem of the professional rescuers may be improved through different trainings.

Kepala sekolah sebagai sosok seorang pemimpin sangat berperan penting dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru sekaligus orang yang paling berpengaruh dalam sukses atau tidaknya suatu lembaga pendidikan. Sebagai seorang pemimpin, kepala sekolah bertanggung jawab untuk meningkatkan kualitas guru secara menyeluruh. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1) Peran kepala sekolah sebagai Edukator dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru MIS Miftahul Jannah Medan Dena. 2) Peran kepala sekolah sebagai manajer dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru MIS Miftahul Jannah Medan Denai. 3) Peran kepala sekolah sebagai administrator dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru MIS Miftahul Jannah Medan Denai. 4) Peran kepala sekolah sebagai supervisor dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru MIS Miftahul Jannah Medan Denai. 5) Peran kepala sekolah sebagai motivator dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru MIS Miftahul Jannah Medan Denai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian kualitatif dalam penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendekripsikan atau menggambarkan suatu data berupa informasi lisan dan tulisan ataupun dokumentasi terkait kebijakan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru di MIS Miftahul Jannah Medan Denai secara mendalam dan komprehensif dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini juga dapat mengungkapkan permasalahan yang sedang dialami dan dihadapi pada sekarang ini khususnya dalam meningkatkan Profesionalisme guru di MIS Miftahul Jannah Medan Denai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kepala sekolah MIS Miftahul Jannah Medan Denai selalu melaksanakan tugasnya sebagai Edukator, Manajer, Supervisor, Administrator, dan Motivator dalam upaya meningkatkan profesionalisme guru.

Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti berjudul “Peran Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Miftahul Jannah Medan Denai” yang dilatarbelakangi oleh ditemukan data bahwa masih terdapat guru yang belum memenuhi standar yang telah ditentukan oleh pemerintah dari segi kualitas karna seperti yang kita ketahui berkualitas atau tidaknya seorang guru bukan semata mata hanya berfokus pada pemerintah saja tentunya diperlukan seorang pemimpin di dalam mengelola suatu lembaga pendidikan tentunya dalam hal ini kepala sekolah sebagai seorang pemimpin sekolah sangat berperan penting dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di MIS Miftahul Jannah Medan Denai. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mendekripsikan atau menggambarkan suatu data berupa informasi lisan dan tulisan ataupun dokumentasi terkait kebijakan kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru di MIS Miftahul Jannah Medan Denai secara mendalam dan komprehensif dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini juga dapat mengungkapkan permasalahan yang sedang dialami dan dihadapi pada sekarang ini khususnya dalam meningkatkan Profesionalisme guru di MIS Miftahul Jannah Medan Denai. Partisipan yang berpartisipasi pada penelitian ini yaitu merupakan Kepala Sekolah dan 2 Wali Kelas. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan teknik wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi terhadap Peran Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Miftahul Jannah Medan Denai. Berdasarkan Hasil temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kepala sekolah MIS Miftahul Jannah Medan Denai selalu melaksanakan tugasnya sebagai Edukator, Manajer, Supervisor, Administrator, dan Motivator dalam upaya meningkatkan profesionalisme guru.

An authorisation has been recognised as an important security measure for preventing unauthorised access to critical resources, such as devices and data, within the Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Existing authorisation methods for the IoT network are based on traditional access control models, which have several drawbacks, including architecture centralisation, policy tampering, access rights validation, malicious third-party policy assignment and control, and network-related overheads. The increasing trend of integrating Blockchain technology with IoT networks demonstrates its importance and potential to address the shortcomings of traditional IoT network authorisation mechanisms. This paper proposes a decentralised, secure, dynamic, and flexible authorisation scheme for IoT networks based on attribute-based access control (ABAC) fine-grained policies stored on a distributed immutable ledger. We design a Blockchain-based ABAC policy management framework divided into Attribute Management Authority (AMA) and Policy Management Authority (PMA) frameworks that use smart contract features to initialise, store, and manage attributes and policies on the Blockchain. To achieve flexibility and dynamicity in the authorisation process, we capture and utilise the environmental-related attributes in conjunction with the subject and object attributes of the ABAC model to define the policies. Furthermore, we designed the Blockchain-based Access Management Framework (AMF) to manage user requests to access IoT devices while maintaining the privacy and auditability of user requests and assigned policies. We implemented a prototype of our proposed scheme and executed it on the local Ethereum Blockchain. Finally, we demonstrated the applicability and flexibility of our proposed scheme for an IoT-based smart home scenario, taking into account deployment, execution and financial costs.

Polymeric insulators have replaced ceramic insulators due to their obvious properties like low surface energy, which exhibits good hydrophobic performance, low weight, etc. However, electric utilities have concerns about their long-term performance. In that context, the long-term performance of two different types of polymeric insulators are investigated in this study: thermoset Silicone rubber (SiR) and thermoplastic elastomeric (TPE). Multi-stress aging was performed in the different orientations of both types of polymeric insulators. During multi-stress aging, insulators are exposed to varied loads in both vertical and horizontal orientations, simulating actual service environmental conditions. Experiments were done in a chamber where different types of stresses were simulated, which resembles the weathering conditions of Hattar, Pakistan, which is one of the most polluted industrial zones. Both insulators were stressed in a chamber under the designed weathering conditions for two years and six months at different orientations. Polymeric insulators made of SiR perform better in the vertical position than that in the horizontal position. Furthermore, the experimental results show that both materials are capable in a variety of situations. SiR, on the other hand, performed well due to its high hydrophobicity, which means it is less impacted by contaminants and hence has a longer life and higher service performance than TPE.

Deep Learning has implemented a wide range of applications and has become increasingly popular in recent years. The goal of multimodal deep learning (MMDL) is to create models that can process and link information using various modalities. Despite the extensive development made for unimodal learning, it still cannot cover all the aspects of human learning. Multimodal learning helps to understand and analyze better when various senses are engaged in the processing of information. This paper focuses on multiple types of modalities, i.e., image, video, text, audio, body gestures, facial expressions, and physiological signals. Detailed analysis of the baseline approaches and an in-depth study of recent advancements during the last five years (2017 to 2021) in multimodal deep learning applications has been provided. A fine-grained taxonomy of various multimodal deep learning methods is proposed, elaborating on different applications in more depth. Lastly, main issues are highlighted separately for each domain, along with their possible future research directions., Comment: 29 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2105.11087

In this article, we propose a restricted gamma ridge regression estimator (RGRRE) by combining the gamma ridge regression (GRR) and restricted maximum likelihood estimator (RMLE) to combat multicollinearity problem for estimating the parameter beta in the gamma regression model. The properties of the new estimator are discussed, and its superiority over the GRR, RMLE and traditional maximum likelihood estimator is theoretically analysed under different conditions. We also suggest some estimating methods to find the optimal value of the shrinkage parameter. A Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to judge the performance of the proposed estimator. Finally, an empirical application is analysed to show the benefit of RGRRE over the existing estimators.

In numerous application areas, when the response variable is continuous, positively skewed, and well fitted to the inverse Gaussian distribution, the inverse Gaussian regression model (IGRM) is an effective approach in such scenarios. The problem of multicollinearity is very common in several application areas like chemometrics, biology, finance, and so forth. The effects of multicollinearity can be reduced using the ridge estimator. This research proposes new ridge estimators to address the issue of multicollinearity in the IGRM. The performance of the new estimators is compared with the maximum likelihood estimator and some other existing estimators. The mean square error is used as a performance evaluation criterion. A Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to assess the performance of the new ridge estimators based on the minimum mean square error criterion. The Monte Carlo simulation results show that the performance of the proposed estimators is better than the available methods. The comparison of proposed ridge estimators is also evaluated using two real chemometrics applications. The results of Monte Carlo simulation and real applications confirmed the superiority of the proposed ridge estimators to other competitor methods.

In the Inverse Gaussian Regression (IGR), there is a significant increase in the variance of the commonly used Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator in the presence of multicollinearity. Alternatively, we suggested the Liu Estimator (LE) for the IGR that is the generalization of Liu. In addition, some estimation methods are proposed to estimate the optimal value of the Liu shrinkage parameter, d. We investigate the performance of these methods by means of Monte Carlo Simulation and a real-life application where Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) are considered as performance criteria. Simulation and application results show the superiority of new shrinkage parameters to the ML estimator under certain condition.

In this article, we propose some diagnostic techniques for the inverse Gaussian regression model (IGRM), which are appropriate for modeling the response variable that undertakes positively skewed continuous dataset. Moreover, two new diagnostic methods are mainly proposed for the IGRM, which named as covariance ratio (CVR) and Welsch?s distance (WD). The comparison of our proposed methods of influence diagnostics with the existing approaches has been made through Monte Carlo simulation under different factors. In addition, the benefit of the proposed methods is assessed using a real application. Based on the simulation and empirical application results, we observed that the performance of the proposed method is better than the existing methods for detection of influential observations.

This article introduces the almost unbiased gamma ridge regression estimator (AUGRRE) estimator based on the gamma ridge regression estimator (GRRE). Furthermore, some shrinkage parameters are proposed for the AUGRRE. The performance of the AUGRRE by using different shrinkage parameters is compared with the existing GRRE and maximum likelihood estimator. A Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to assess the performance of the estimators where the bias and mean squared error performance criteria are used. We also used a real-life dataset to demonstrate the benefit of the proposed estimators. The simulation and real-life example results show the superiority of AUGRRE over the GRRE and the maximum likelihood estimator for the gamma regression model with collinear explanatory variables.

Background: Tuberculosis can cause psychological disorders in a person. Spiritual approaches can be used to improve coping strategies to suppress stress symptoms that arise. Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the psychospiritual conditions, stress and coping strategies that occur in patients with tuberculosis. Design: The research design uses systematic review based on PRISMA checklist. Data Sources: Using three databases; Scopus, Science Direct and EBSCO. The search was conducted from January to March 2021. The keyword “tuberculosis” OR “pulmonary TB’ OR “psychology” OR “spiritual” OR “stress” OR “coping strategy” was used in this systematic review with journal articles, 2016-2021 publication years and English as searching limitation. Review Methods: JBI Critical Appraisal Tool used to assess the quality of the articles and PRISMA checklist used as a guideline to filter articles. Results: 10 articles were obtained according to the inclusion criteria. The results of the analysis showed 7 articles using a cross sectional design, 2 quasi-experimental, and 1 qualitative study. The number of samples with a cross-sectional design ranged from 45 to 1,342, while articles with a quasi-experimental, qualitative and comparative study design had 32, 15 and 78 patients with pulmonary TB as respondents. Almost all of the psychological conditions in pulmonary TB patients experience stress and coping disorders. The results of the analysis show that spirituality can be used to improve the coping strategies used so as to suppress the stress symptoms that arise. Conclusion: Psychospiritual strategies can be used as a way to improve the coping of TB sufferers and reduce the stress they experience.

Communication technology is currently growing rapidly, especially in the field of telecommunications. The rapid development of the internet and the development of multimedia applications require certain Quality of Services (QoS) requirements. However, ordinary IP networks are not designed to pass real-time multimedia services. Basically everyone who is connected to their network can exchange information and data between one person with another, be it images, sound, video, text and others, but if we use traditional telephone calls, in addition to expensive tariffs, geographical location is also important. determine the size of the costs to be incurred. Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is an innovative technology that makes the internet network or local computer network, as a medium for transmitting voice data packets so that users can communicate with each other. The test results on the Alpha Delay (Waiting Time) VOIP phone test is shorter than the WhatsApp phone, which is 17 seconds. So VoIP calls are 14 seconds superior to Whatsapp calls, taken from the difference between WhatsApp and VoIP delays, which is 17 Seconds - 3 Seconds = 14 Seconds. In Beta testing, all clients have been connected to the server and other clients. Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a relatively new technology in the world of telecommunications networks. MPLS technology allows packets to be in the system in a shorter time than IP networks, because in MPLS networks each packet is labeled which is then used as information for the switching process to replace the IP header in the routing process. The results obtained from this study are VoIP analysis of network signal strength on VoIP and the security of using telecommunications using wireless networks.

Degradation in the polymeric insulators is caused due to the environmental stresses. The main aim of this paper is to explore the improved aging characteristics of hybrid samples by adding nano/micro silica in High Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber (HTV-SiR) under long term accelerated aging conditions for 9000 hours. As HTV-SiR is unable to sustain environmental stresses for a long time, thus a long term accelerated aging behavior is an important phenomenon to be considered for field application. The aging characteristics of nano/micro filled HTV-SiR are analyzed by using techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Leakage Current (LC), Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy (FTIR), Hydrophobicity Classification (HC), and breakdown strength for the aging time of 9000 hours. FTIR and leakage currents are measured after every cycle. All the co-filled samples revealed escalated aging characteristics as compared to the neat sample except the SN8 sample (8% nano-silica+20% micro-silica) after 9000 hours of aging. The highest loading of 6% and 8% nano-silica with 20% micro-silica do not contribute to the improved performance when compared with the neat and hybrid samples. However, from the critical experimental analysis, it is deduced that SN2 sample (2% nano-silica+20% micro-silica) is highly resistant to the long term accelerated aging conditions. SN2 has no cracks, lower loss percentages in the important FTIR absorption peaks, higher breakdown strength and superior HC after aging as compared to the unfilled and hybrid samples.

Sajid Ali,1 Muhammad Umair Amin,1,2 Imran Tariq,1,3 Muhammad Farhan Sohail,4,5 Muhammad Yasir Ali,1,6 Eduard Preis,1 Ghazala Ambreen,1 Shashank Reddy Pinnapireddy,1 Jarmila Jedelská,1 Jens Schäfer,1 Udo Bakowsky1 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; 2Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; 3Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan; 4Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan; 5Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 6Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, PakistanCorrespondence: Udo BakowskyDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of Marburg, Robert Koch Str. 4, Marburg, 35037, GermanyTel + 49 6421 28 25884Fax + 49 6421 28 27016Email ubakowsky@aol.comPurpose: Lipoparticles are the core-shell type lipid-polymer hybrid systems comprising polymeric nanoparticle core enveloped by single or multiple pegylated lipid layers (shell), thereby melding the biomimetic properties of long-circulating vesicles as well as the mechanical advantages of the nanoparticles. The present study was aimed at the development of such an integrated system, combining the photodynamic and chemotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of multidrug-resistant cancers.Methods: For this rationale, two different sized Pirarubicin (THP) loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique, whereas liposomes containing Temoporfin (mTHPC) were prepared by lipid film hydration method. Physicochemical and morphological characterizations were done using dynamic light scattering, laser doppler anemometry, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The quantitative assessment of cell damage

The immediate release of chemotherapeutics at the target site, along with no premature release in circulation is always challenging. The purpose of this study was to develop a stimuli responsive drug delivery system, composed of lipid supported mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) for triggered drug release at the target site and simultaneously avoiding the premature release. MSNPs with a higher drug loading capacity and very slow release were designed so as to enhance release by FDA approved US-irradiation. Doxorubicin, as a model drug, and perfluoropentane (PFP) as a US responsive material, were entrapped in the porous structure of MSNPs. Lipid coating enhanced the cellular uptake and in addition provided a gatekeeping effect at the pore opening to reduce premature release. The mechanical and thermal effects of US induced the conversion of liquid PFP to a gaseous form that was able to rupture the lipid layer, resulting in triggered drug release. The prolonged stability profile and non-toxic behavior made them suitable candidate for the delivery of anticancer drugs. This smart system, with the abilities of better cellular uptake and higher cytotoxic effects on US-irradiation, would be a good addition to the applied side of chemotherapeutic advanced drug delivery systems.

The purpose of this devotional activity is to provide assistance to the people of Malang Raya, especially the congregation of Ahmad Dahlan Karangploso Mosque in improving the ability to read musykilatul Qira'at in Reading the Qur'an according to imam hafs ashim history. The method of devotion with lectures and practice directly. The lecture method contains socialization to the community about qiro'at musykilatul. While the training is used by practicing directly the readings or verses that include Musykilatul verses according to the imam hafs. Stages of service implementation; (1) socialization for the delivery of materials to participants, (2) Implementation of musykilatul verse practices. (3) evaluation of activities. The output of this activity is the ability to read musykilatul verses of imam hafs properly. The service program was held on July 20, 2020 at masjid KH. Ahmad Dahlan Karangploso. Participants who attended the event were about 25 people. The results of this devotional activity show that the community has a high motivation in learning the Qur'an and understanding the reading of musykilatul verses of imam hafs, as well as being able to practice the reading well and correctly which is shown by the ability to answer questions about musykilat verses.

Objective: To assess knowledge of Elderly Hypertensive Patients Regarding Dash (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) Diet for controlling Blood Pressure at Teaching Hospital Lahore. Methods: This descriptive cross section study was conducted at University of Lahore Teaching Hospital Lahore, Lahore Pakistan. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire, question related to DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension) diet. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. Structured questionnaire was administered to the patients to collect data for assessing knowledge regarding DASH diet of elderly hypertensive patients. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive as well as inferential statistics using SPSS software (22). The descriptive analysis was performed by using frequencies and percentages. Results: Most of the patients who are diagnosed with hypertension are above the age of 50. People who are graduates have good knowledge instead of illiterate and primary educated people. Majority of the people have very poor knowledge regarding DASH diet and only fewer people have knowledge about the Dash diet. Some people have good knowledge about the meaning of hypertension but very poor knowledge about the use of fresh fruits and vegetables in their diet. Conclusion: It is concluded that elderly hypertensive patients have inadequate knowledge about DASH diet but a very few patients who are graduated know about the DASH diet.

Purpose: Lipoparticles are the core-shell type lipid-polymer hybrid systems comprising polymeric nanoparticle core enveloped by single or multiple pegylated lipid layers (shell), thereby melding the biomimetic properties of long-circulating vesicles as well as the mechanical advantages of the nanoparticles. The present study was aimed at the development of such an integrated system, combining the photodynamic and chemotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of multidrug-resistant cancers.Methods: For this rationale, two different sized Pirarubicin (THP) loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique, whereas liposomes containing Temoporfin (mTHPC) were prepared by lipid film hydration method. Physicochemical and morphological characterizations were done using dynamic light scattering, laser doppler anemometry, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The quantitative assessment of cell damage was determined using MTT and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. The biocompatibility of the nanoformulations was evaluated with serum stability testing, haemocompatibility as well as acute in vivo toxicity using female albino (BALB/c) mice.Results and Conclusion: The mean hydrodynamic diameter of the formulations was found between 108.80 +/- 2.10 to 405.70 +/- 10.00 nm with the zeta (zeta) potential ranging from -12.70 +/- 1.20 to 5.90 +/- 1.10 mV. Based on the physicochemical evaluations, the selected THP nanoparticles were coated with mTHPC liposomes to produce lipid-coated nanoparticles (LCNPs). A significant (p<0.001) cytotoxicity synergism was evident in LCNPs when irradiated at 652 nm, using an LED device. No incidence of genotoxicity was observed as seen with the comet assay. The LCNPs decreased the generalized in vivo toxicity as compared to the free drugs and was evident from the serum biochemical profile, visceral body index, liver function tests as well as r

In a clone node attack, an attacker attempted to physically capture the devices to gather sensitive information to conduct various insider attacks. Several solutions for detecting clone node attacks on IoT networks have been presented in the viewpoints above. These solutions are focused on specific system designs, processes, and feature sets and act as a high-level abstraction of underlying system architectures based on a few performance requirements. However, critical features like formal analysis, modelling, and verification are frequently overlooked in existing proposed solutions aimed at verifying the correctness and robustness of systems in order to ensure that no problematic scenarios or anomalies exist. This paper presents a formal analysis, modelling, and verification of our existing proposed clone node attack detection scheme in IoT. Firstly, we modelled the architectural components of the proposed scheme using High-Level Petri Nets (HLPNs) and then mapped them using their specified functionalities. Secondly, we defined and analysed the behavioural properties of the proposed scheme using Z specification language. Furthermore, we used the Satisfiability Modulo Theories Library (SMT-Lib) and the Z3 Solver to validate and demonstrate the overall functionality of the proposed scheme. Finally, in addition to modelling and analysis, this work employs Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs), which combine Petri Nets with a high-level programming language, making them more suitable for large-scale system modelling. To perform the simulations in CPN, we used both timed and untimed models, where timed models are used to evaluate performance, and untimed models are used to validate logical validity.

The rapidly expanding nature of the Internet of Things (IoT) networks is beginning to attract interest across a range of applications, including smart homes, smart transportation, smart health, and industrial contexts. This cutting-edge technology enables individuals to track and control their integrated environment in real-time and remotely via a thousand IoT devices comprised of sensors and actuators that actively participate in sensing, processing, storing, and sharing information. Nonetheless, IoT devices are frequently deployed in hostile environments, wherein adversaries attempt to capture and breach them in order to seize control of the entire network. One such example of potentially malicious behaviour is the cloning of IoT devices, in which an attacker can physically capture the devices, obtain some sensitive information, duplicate the devices, and intelligently deploy them in desired locations to conduct various insider attacks. A device cloning attack on IoT networks is a significant security concern since it allows for selective forwarding, sink-hole, and black-hole attacks. To address this issue, this paper provides an efficient scheme for detecting clone node attacks on IoT networks that makes use of semantic information about IoT devices known as context information sensed from the deployed environment to locate them securely. We design a location proof mechanism by combining location proofs and batch verification of the extended elliptic curve digital signature technique to accelerate the verification process at selected trusted nodes. We demonstrate the security of our scheme and its resilience to secure clone node attack detection by conducting a comprehensive security analysis. The performance of our proposed scheme provides a high degree of detection accuracy with minimal detection time and significantly reduces the computation, communication and storage overhead.