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Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. commonly identified as ‘rudraksha’, belonging to Elaeocarpaceae possess a great religious, spiritual and materialistic significance which is placed under the threatened category in the tropical wet evergreen forests of North East India. Because of its over-exploitation, poor germination, low viability rate and hard seed coat, an attempt has been done for mass production of planting materials through cuttings and air layering’s. Cuttings trials were conducted during three different periods, mid - March, mid – July and mid – November by using Indol butyric acid and Napthalene acetic acid of 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000 ppm where air layering’s were done during mid - May by treating IBA and NAA solution of 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm in combination with para-hydroxybenzoic acid of 2000 ppm as synergist. Application of IBA and NAA of different concentration did not encourage the growth in the cuttings in all three periods. Air layering’s treated with NAA 1000 ppm+2000ppm para- hydroxy benzoic acid and IBA 500 ppm +2000ppm para- hydroxy benzoic acid resulted the highest and same value of callusing and rooting percent (70 and 66.67%), respectively while minimum callusing and rooting percentage (56.67 and 51.67%) was recorded in control. The present study focused on the mass production of planting materials in shorter duration with a reasonable cost for enhancing production as well as socio-economic conditions.

Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. commonly identified as ‘rudraksha’, belonging to Elaeocarpaceae possess a great religious, spiritual and materialistic significance which is placed under the threatened category in the tropical wet evergreen forests of North East India. Because of its over-exploitation, poor germination, low viability rate and hard seed coat, an attempt has been done for mass production of planting materials through cuttings and air layering’s. Cuttings trials were conducted during three different periods, mid - March, mid – July and mid – November by using Indol butyric acid and Napthalene acetic acid of 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000 ppm where air layering’s were done during mid - May by treating IBA and NAA solution of 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm in combination with para-hydroxybenzoic acid of 2000 ppm as synergist. Application of IBA and NAA of different concentration did not encourage the growth in the cuttings in all three periods. Air layering’s treated with NAA 1000 ppm+2000ppm para- hydroxy benzoic acid and IBA 500 ppm +2000ppm para- hydroxy benzoic acid resulted the highest and same value of callusing and rooting percent (70 and 66.67%), respectively while minimum callusing and rooting percentage (56.67 and 51.67%) was recorded in control. The present study focused on the mass production of planting materials in shorter duration with a reasonable cost for enhancing production as well as socio-economic conditions.

Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. commonly identified as ‘rudraksha’, belonging to Elaeocarpaceae possess a great religious, spiritual and materialistic significance which is placed under the threatened category in the tropical wet evergreen forests of North East India. Because of its over-exploitation, poor germination, low viability rate and hard seed coat, an attempt has been done for mass production of planting materials through cuttings and air layering’s. Cuttings trials were conducted during three different periods, mid - March, mid – July and mid – November by using Indol butyric acid and Napthalene acetic acid of 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000 ppm where air layering’s were done during mid - May by treating IBA and NAA solution of 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm in combination with para-hydroxybenzoic acid of 2000 ppm as synergist. Application of IBA and NAA of different concentration did not encourage the growth in the cuttings in all three periods. Air layering’s treated with NAA 1000 ppm+2000ppm para- hydroxy benzoic acid and IBA 500 ppm +2000ppm para- hydroxy benzoic acid resulted the highest and same value of callusing and rooting percent (70 and 66.67%), respectively while minimum callusing and rooting percentage (56.67 and 51.67%) was recorded in control. The present study focused on the mass production of planting materials in shorter duration with a reasonable cost for enhancing production as well as socio-economic conditions.

Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. commonly identified as ‘rudraksha’, belonging to Elaeocarpaceae possess a great religious, spiritual and materialistic significance which is placed under the threatened category in the tropical wet evergreen forests of North East India. Because of its over-exploitation, poor germination, low viability rate and hard seed coat, an attempt has been done for mass production of planting materials through cuttings and air layering’s. Cuttings trials were conducted during three different periods, mid - March, mid – July and mid – November by using Indol butyric acid and Napthalene acetic acid of 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000 ppm where air layering’s were done during mid - May by treating IBA and NAA solution of 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm in combination with para-hydroxybenzoic acid of 2000 ppm as synergist. Application of IBA and NAA of different concentration did not encourage the growth in the cuttings in all three periods. Air layering’s treated with NAA 1000 ppm+2000ppm para- hydroxy benzoic acid and IBA 500 ppm +2000ppm para- hydroxy benzoic acid resulted the highest and same value of callusing and rooting percent (70 and 66.67%), respectively while minimum callusing and rooting percentage (56.67 and 51.67%) was recorded in control. The present study focused on the mass production of planting materials in shorter duration with a reasonable cost for enhancing production as well as socio-economic conditions.

Brosimum alicastrum is a tree species in Mexico with wide potential for animal and human food, which is distributed naturally with no silvicultural management, so there is little information on the propagation methods of the species. The objective of this work was to analyze the scientific research published on B. alicastrum, through literature review to know the techniques that exist on its propagation. In addition, the quality of the seedling obtained by sexual propagation and asexual methods (cuttings, layers and grafts) was evaluated in the nursery, by means of experimental designs. 550 scientific articles on B. alicastrum were found, the disciplines where they were published were: Ecology (44.18%), Botany (13.27%), Forest Sciences (11.27%, of which 2.54% worked propagation in the nursery), Zoology (11.09%), Agriculture (9.64%), Anthropology (5.45%) and others (5.10%). Regarding the seed propagation method, the best seedling quality was associated with low porosity substrates (bush soil) and containers with large diameters (36 cm). In the case of asexual propagation, with the layering method when peat moss was used as the substrate 90% survival was obtained, and by grafting of lateral plating 75% yield was found. Due to the little research that exists on the propagation of the species, it is recommended that the selection of the propagation technique is based on the purpose of the seedling; if it is required to shorten the seed production cycles of B. alicastrum the asexual techniques grafting and layering can be more efficient., Brosimum alicastrum é uma espécie arbórea no México com amplo potencial para alimentação animal e humana, que se distribui naturalmente sem manejo silvicultural, portanto, há poucas informações sobre os métodos de propagação da espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a produção científica reportada sobre B. alicastrum por meio da mineração de textos para conhecer as técnicas existentes sobre a sua propagação e avaliar em viveiro a qualidade das mudas obtidas por métodos de propagação sexual e assexuada (estaquia, estratificação e enxertia) por meio de delineamentos experimentais. Foram encontrados 550 artigos científicos sobre B. alicastrum, as áreas onde foram publicados foram: Ecologia (44,18%), Botânica (13,27%), Ciências Florestais (11,27%, dos quais 2,54% trabalhavam com propagação em viveiros), Zoologia (11,09%) , Agricultura (9,64%), Antropologia (5,45%) e outros (5,10%). Em relação ao método de propagação por semente, a melhor qualidade das mudas foi associada a substratos de baixa porosidade (solo de montanha) e a recipientes com grandes diâmetros (36 cm). No caso de propagação assexuada por estratificação, quando se utilizou turfa como substrato, obteve-se 90% de sobrevivência e, por enxertia de faceta lateral, encontrou-se 75% de descolamento. Devido às poucas pesquisas que existem sobre a propagação da espécie, recomenda-se que a seleção da técnica de propagação seja baseada na finalidade das plantas. As técnicas assexuadas de enxerto e estratificação podem ser mais eficientes se for necessário encurtar os ciclos de produção de sementes de B. alicastrum., Brosimum alicastrum es una especie arbórea en México con amplio potencial para la alimentación animal y humana, que se distribuye de manera natural con nulo manejo silvícola, por lo que existe poca información sobre los métodos de propagación de la especie. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la producción científica reportada sobre B. alicastrum, mediante minería de textos para conocer las técnicas que existen sobre su propagación. De igual forma, evaluar en vivero la calidad de plántulas obtenidas por métodos de propagación sexual y asexual (estacas, acodos e injertos) mediante diseños experimentales. Se encontraron 550 artículos científicos sobre B. alicastrum, las disciplinas donde se publicaron fueron: Ecología (44,18%), Botánica (13,27%), Ciencias Forestales (11,27%, de los cuales el 2,54% trabajó propagación en vivero), Zoología (11,09%), Agricultura (9,64%), Antropología (5,45%) y otras (5,10%). Respecto al método de propagación por semilla, la mejor calidad de plántula se asoció con sustratos de baja porosidad (tierra de monte) y a contenedores con diámetros grandes (36 cm). Para el caso de la propagación asexual por acodos, cuando se empleó turba como sustrato se obtuvo 90% de sobrevivencia, y por injerto de enchape lateral se encontró 75% de prendimiento. En virtud de la poca investigación que existe sobre la propagación de la especie se recomienda que la selección de la técnica de propagación esté en función de la finalidad de la plántula. Las técnicas asexuales de injerto y acodo pueden ser más eficientes en caso de requerir acortar los ciclos de producción de la semilla de B. alicastrum.

Brosimum alicastrum is a tree species in Mexico with wide potential for animal and human food, which is distributed naturally with no silvicultural management, so there is little information on the propagation methods of the species. The objective of this work was to analyze the scientific research published on B. alicastrum, through literature review to know the techniques that exist on its propagation. In addition, the quality of the seedling obtained by sexual propagation and asexual methods (cuttings, layers and grafts) was evaluated in the nursery, by means of experimental designs. 550 scientific articles on B. alicastrum were found, the disciplines where they were published were: Ecology (44.18%), Botany (13.27%), Forest Sciences (11.27%, of which 2.54% worked propagation in the nursery), Zoology (11.09%), Agriculture (9.64%), Anthropology (5.45%) and others (5.10%). Regarding the seed propagation method, the best seedling quality was associated with low porosity substrates (bush soil) and containers with large diameters (36 cm). In the case of asexual propagation, with the layering method when peat moss was used as the substrate 90% survival was obtained, and by grafting of lateral plating 75% yield was found. Due to the little research that exists on the propagation of the species, it is recommended that the selection of the propagation technique is based on the purpose of the seedling; if it is required to shorten the seed production cycles of B. alicastrum the asexual techniques grafting and layering can be more efficient., Brosimum alicastrum é uma espécie arbórea no México com amplo potencial para alimentação animal e humana, que se distribui naturalmente sem manejo silvicultural, portanto, há poucas informações sobre os métodos de propagação da espécie. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a produção científica reportada sobre B. alicastrum por meio da mineração de textos para conhecer as técnicas existentes sobre a sua propagação e avaliar em viveiro a qualidade das mudas obtidas por métodos de propagação sexual e assexuada (estaquia, estratificação e enxertia) por meio de delineamentos experimentais. Foram encontrados 550 artigos científicos sobre B. alicastrum, as áreas onde foram publicados foram: Ecologia (44,18%), Botânica (13,27%), Ciências Florestais (11,27%, dos quais 2,54% trabalhavam com propagação em viveiros), Zoologia (11,09%) , Agricultura (9,64%), Antropologia (5,45%) e outros (5,10%). Em relação ao método de propagação por semente, a melhor qualidade das mudas foi associada a substratos de baixa porosidade (solo de montanha) e a recipientes com grandes diâmetros (36 cm). No caso de propagação assexuada por estratificação, quando se utilizou turfa como substrato, obteve-se 90% de sobrevivência e, por enxertia de faceta lateral, encontrou-se 75% de descolamento. Devido às poucas pesquisas que existem sobre a propagação da espécie, recomenda-se que a seleção da técnica de propagação seja baseada na finalidade das plantas. As técnicas assexuadas de enxerto e estratificação podem ser mais eficientes se for necessário encurtar os ciclos de produção de sementes de B. alicastrum., Brosimum alicastrum es una especie arbórea en México con amplio potencial para la alimentación animal y humana, que se distribuye de manera natural con nulo manejo silvícola, por lo que existe poca información sobre los métodos de propagación de la especie. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la producción científica reportada sobre B. alicastrum, mediante minería de textos para conocer las técnicas que existen sobre su propagación. De igual forma, evaluar en vivero la calidad de plántulas obtenidas por métodos de propagación sexual y asexual (estacas, acodos e injertos) mediante diseños experimentales. Se encontraron 550 artículos científicos sobre B. alicastrum, las disciplinas donde se publicaron fueron: Ecología (44,18%), Botánica (13,27%), Ciencias Forestales (11,27%, de los cuales el 2,54% trabajó propagación en vivero), Zoología (11,09%), Agricultura (9,64%), Antropología (5,45%) y otras (5,10%). Respecto al método de propagación por semilla, la mejor calidad de plántula se asoció con sustratos de baja porosidad (tierra de monte) y a contenedores con diámetros grandes (36 cm). Para el caso de la propagación asexual por acodos, cuando se empleó turba como sustrato se obtuvo 90% de sobrevivencia, y por injerto de enchape lateral se encontró 75% de prendimiento. En virtud de la poca investigación que existe sobre la propagación de la especie se recomienda que la selección de la técnica de propagación esté en función de la finalidad de la plántula. Las técnicas asexuales de injerto y acodo pueden ser más eficientes en caso de requerir acortar los ciclos de producción de la semilla de B. alicastrum.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of different concentrations of Indole 3-butyric acid (0, 2000, 4000, 8000 and 10000 ppm), different types of rooting media (i.e. sphagnum moss, coco peat, vermicompost, sphagnum moss + coco peat and sphagnum moss + coco peat + vermicompost) and the interaction of these in different combinations on rooting and growth characteristic of guava, cv. L-49. The results revealed that the exogenous application of Indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) 8000 ppm with media combination of sphagnum moss + coco peat + vermicompost (I3M5) significantly increased the root characters i.e. success percent of air-layers (83.3 %), callus formation (23.7), number of primary roots (24.21) and secondary roots (32.57); and growth characters i.e. number of leaves (48.17), branches (7.92) and sprouts (8.48) and survival percentages (83.18) over the other treatments and control. Among the rooting media, the combination of sphagnum moss + coco peat + vermicompost (M5) produced the highest rooting percentage (71.27), root characters and growth characters during months of July and August.

The production of quality seedlings is important for the crop cycle and the main propagation type is by the air layering technique, which can be enhanced by using different substrates and plant growth regulators. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a biostimulant and substrate types in the propagation of litchi tree by air layering. The experiment was installed in a commercial area in the city of Mogi Mirim, SP, Brazil and conducted in a randomized block design with a 5x2 factorial with four replications. The treatments consisted of five Stimulate® biostimulant concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ml L-1) and two substrate types (Plantmax® and earthworm humus). After 120 days, the root length (cm), number of roots, calloused and rooted layers percentage (%), root fresh and dry mass (g) and root volume (cm3) were evaluated. Based on the results, it was found that the concentrations of 6.1 and 6.9 ml L-1 promoted greater success in litchi tree propagation and that the layers can be produced on both evaluated substrates., A produção de mudas de qualidade é importante para o ciclo da cultura, na lichieira a técnica de propagação mais utilizada é a alporquia, que pode ser potencializada com o uso de diferentes substratos e reguladores vegetais. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de bioestimulante e tipos de substrato na propagação da lichieira, via alporquia. O experimento foi instalado em área comercial no município de Mogi Mirim/SP, e conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com fatorial de 5x2 e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses do bioestimulante Stimulate® (0, 3, 6, 9, e 12 mL L-1) e dois tipos de substrato (Plantmax® e Húmus de minhoca). Após 120 dias avaliou-se o comprimento das raízes (cm), número de raízes, porcentagem de alporques calejados e enraizados (%), massa fresca e massa seca de raízes (g) e volume de raízes (cm3). Com base nos resultados, verificou-se que as doses estimadas de 6,1 e 6,9 mL L-1 promoveram maior sucesso na propagação de lichieira e que os alporques podem ser produzidos nos dois tipos de substratos avaliados.

The production of quality seedlings is important for the crop cycle and the main propagation type is by the air layering technique, which can be enhanced by using different substrates and plant growth regulators. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a biostimulant and substrate types in the propagation of litchi tree by air layering. The experiment was installed in a commercial area in the city of Mogi Mirim, SP, Brazil and conducted in a randomized block design with a 5x2 factorial with four replications. The treatments consisted of five Stimulate® biostimulant concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ml L-1) and two substrate types (Plantmax® and earthworm humus). After 120 days, the root length (cm), number of roots, calloused and rooted layers percentage (%), root fresh and dry mass (g) and root volume (cm3) were evaluated. Based on the results, it was found that the concentrations of 6.1 and 6.9 ml L-1 promoted greater success in litchi tree propagation and that the layers can be produced on both evaluated substrates., A produção de mudas de qualidade é importante para o ciclo da cultura, na lichieira a técnica de propagação mais utilizada é a alporquia, que pode ser potencializada com o uso de diferentes substratos e reguladores vegetais. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de bioestimulante e tipos de substrato na propagação da lichieira, via alporquia. O experimento foi instalado em área comercial no município de Mogi Mirim/SP, e conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com fatorial de 5x2 e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses do bioestimulante Stimulate® (0, 3, 6, 9, e 12 mL L-1) e dois tipos de substrato (Plantmax® e Húmus de minhoca). Após 120 dias avaliou-se o comprimento das raízes (cm), número de raízes, porcentagem de alporques calejados e enraizados (%), massa fresca e massa seca de raízes (g) e volume de raízes (cm3). Com base nos resultados, verificou-se que as doses estimadas de 6,1 e 6,9 mL L-1 promoveram maior sucesso na propagação de lichieira e que os alporques podem ser produzidos nos dois tipos de substratos avaliados.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the location and diameter of the branch in three genotypes of camu camu using the technique of air layering on rooting and sprouting. The mother plants were bent and then rooted branches were transplanted following the design of randomized complete block with three replications. At 3 months after transplantation was the assessment of the variables, finding the best values for the number of roots to the middle third, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 and the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 with 28.67 and 28.33 roots, respectively, in the variable length of the upper third roots, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 showed the best results with 15.27 cm. Regarding the number of outbreaks upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-014 and the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 achieved the best results with 13.00 and 12.67 outbreaks, respectively, in the length of shoots, the best treatment was the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 with 30.73 cm, and finally in the variable number of leaves / shoot highlights the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-014 and the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 with 15.10 leaves per shoot and 14.83, respectively. The results allowed identifying the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 as the best in terms of rooting and sprouting capacity., El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la ubicación y diámetro de la rama en tres genotipos promisorios de camu camu utilizando la técnica del acodo aéreo sobre el enraizamiento y brotación. Las plantas madres fueron acodadas, posteriormente las ramas enraizadas se trasplantaron siguiendo el diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar, con tres repeticiones. A los 3 meses del trasplante se realizó la evaluación de las variables, encontrando los mejores promedios para el Número de raíces al Tercio medio, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 y al Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 con 28.67 y 28.33 raíces, respectivamente; en la variable Longitud de raíces el Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 mostró los mejores resultados con 15.27 cm. Con respecto al Número de brotes el Tercio Superior, Diámetro Grueso, Genotipo MD-014 y el Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 alcanzaron los mejores resultados con 13.00 y 12.67 brotes, respectivamente; en la Longitud de brotes, el mejor tratamiento fue el Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 con 30.73 cm; finalmente en la variable Número de hojas/brote sobresalieron el Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-014 y Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 con 15.10 y 14.83 hojas por brote, respectivamente. Los resultados permitieron identificar al Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 como los mejores en cuanto a la capacidad de enraizamiento y brotación.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the location and diameter of the branch in three genotypes of camu camu using the technique of air layering on rooting and sprouting. The mother plants were bent and then rooted branches were transplanted following the design of randomized complete block with three replications. At 3 months after transplantation was the assessment of the variables, finding the best values for the number of roots to the middle third, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 and the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 with 28.67 and 28.33 roots, respectively, in the variable length of the upper third roots, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 showed the best results with 15.27 cm. Regarding the number of outbreaks upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-014 and the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 achieved the best results with 13.00 and 12.67 outbreaks, respectively, in the length of shoots, the best treatment was the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 with 30.73 cm, and finally in the variable number of leaves / shoot highlights the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-014 and the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 with 15.10 leaves per shoot and 14.83, respectively. The results allowed identifying the upper, thick diameter, Genotype MD-015 as the best in terms of rooting and sprouting capacity., El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la ubicación y diámetro de la rama en tres genotipos promisorios de camu camu utilizando la técnica del acodo aéreo sobre el enraizamiento y brotación. Las plantas madres fueron acodadas, posteriormente las ramas enraizadas se trasplantaron siguiendo el diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar, con tres repeticiones. A los 3 meses del trasplante se realizó la evaluación de las variables, encontrando los mejores promedios para el Número de raíces al Tercio medio, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 y al Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 con 28.67 y 28.33 raíces, respectivamente; en la variable Longitud de raíces el Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 mostró los mejores resultados con 15.27 cm. Con respecto al Número de brotes el Tercio Superior, Diámetro Grueso, Genotipo MD-014 y el Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 alcanzaron los mejores resultados con 13.00 y 12.67 brotes, respectivamente; en la Longitud de brotes, el mejor tratamiento fue el Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 con 30.73 cm; finalmente en la variable Número de hojas/brote sobresalieron el Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-014 y Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 con 15.10 y 14.83 hojas por brote, respectivamente. Los resultados permitieron identificar al Tercio superior, Diámetro grueso, Genotipo MD-015 como los mejores en cuanto a la capacidad de enraizamiento y brotación.

Tibouchina fothergillae é uma espécie nativa brasileira, com potencial ornamental e para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Entretanto, o tamanho reduzido de suas sementes e a dificuldade de coleta das mesmas requer metodologias específicas, fazendo com que a propagação sexuada da espécie não seja viável comercialmente. Objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar a propagação vegetativa de T. fothergillae, por estaquia e alporquia, com a aplicação de ácido naftaleno acético. O material vegetal foi obtido de plantas matrizes localizadas no Campus III da UFPR, Curitiba-PR. Ambos experimentos foram instalados em agosto/2006, e avaliados aos 20 dias (estaquia) e 76 dias (alporquia). A aplicação de três diferentes concentrações (0, 500 e 1000 mg kg-1) de ácido naftaleno acético (ANA) foi feita em talco na base das estacas e em pasta de vaselina nos alporques. Houve 100% de enraizamento nas estacas. O número médio de raízes por estaca foi maior nos tratamentos com ANA (entre 20,88 e 21,88) que na testemunha (10,58). Todavia, não houve diferença no comprimento médio das raízes por estaca, com média geral de 3,35 cm. Na alporquia, o enraizamento variou entre 50 e 100%. O tratamento com 1000 mg kg-1 de ANA promoveu maior número de raízes por alporque (17,00) e maior comprimento médio das raízes por alporque (11,73 cm). Por estes resultados, considerou-se viável a propagação de T. fothergillae por estaquia ou alporquia. Recomenda-se o uso de ANA na concentração de 1000 mg kg-1 para aumentar o número de raízes em alporques, não sendo necessário na estaquia, Tibouchina fothergillae is a Brazilian native species with ornamental potential and adequate for ecosystems rehabilitation. However, the species has very small seeds, hard to collect by conventional methods, making large scale seed propagation not commercially feasible. The aim of this work was to propagate T. fothergillae by stem cuttings and air layering, with application of naphthalene acetic acid. Samples were obtained from plants located at the Campus III of the Federal University of Parana (UFPR), in Curitiba-PR-Brazil. Both experiments were installed in August, 2006 and evaluated after 20 days (stem cutting) or 76 days (air layering). The concentrations of 0, 500, and 1000 mg kg-1 of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were applied in powder in the cuttings and in vaseline paste in the layerings. It was observed 100% of rooting on stem cuttings. The averages of roots per cutting treated with NAA (20.88 and 21.88) were higher than the control’s average (10.58). However, there weren’t differences of the root length among treatments (grand mean= 3.35 cm). On the air layering experiment, rooting varied from 50 to 100%. The 1000 mg kg-1 NAA treatment promoted the largest number of roots per layering (17.00) and higher root length mean (11.73 cm). Through these results, both techniques can be considered suitable for T. fothergillae’s propagation. It’s recommended to use NAA (1000 mg kg-1) to increase the number of roots on air layerings. NAA application isn’t necessary for stem cuttings

Tibouchina fothergillae é uma espécie nativa brasileira, com potencial ornamental e para recuperação de áreas degradadas. Entretanto, o tamanho reduzido de suas sementes e a dificuldade de coleta das mesmas requer metodologias específicas, fazendo com que a propagação sexuada da espécie não seja viável comercialmente. Objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar a propagação vegetativa de T. fothergillae, por estaquia e alporquia, com a aplicação de ácido naftaleno acético. O material vegetal foi obtido de plantas matrizes localizadas no Campus III da UFPR, Curitiba-PR. Ambos experimentos foram instalados em agosto/2006, e avaliados aos 20 dias (estaquia) e 76 dias (alporquia). A aplicação de três diferentes concentrações (0, 500 e 1000 mg kg-1) de ácido naftaleno acético (ANA) foi feita em talco na base das estacas e em pasta de vaselina nos alporques. Houve 100% de enraizamento nas estacas. O número médio de raízes por estaca foi maior nos tratamentos com ANA (entre 20,88 e 21,88) que na testemunha (10,58). Todavia, não houve diferença no comprimento médio das raízes por estaca, com média geral de 3,35 cm. Na alporquia, o enraizamento variou entre 50 e 100%. O tratamento com 1000 mg kg-1 de ANA promoveu maior número de raízes por alporque (17,00) e maior comprimento médio das raízes por alporque (11,73 cm). Por estes resultados, considerou-se viável a propagação de T. fothergillae por estaquia ou alporquia. Recomenda-se o uso de ANA na concentração de 1000 mg kg-1 para aumentar o número de raízes em alporques, não sendo necessário na estaquia, Tibouchina fothergillae is a Brazilian native species with ornamental potential and adequate for ecosystems rehabilitation. However, the species has very small seeds, hard to collect by conventional methods, making large scale seed propagation not commercially feasible. The aim of this work was to propagate T. fothergillae by stem cuttings and air layering, with application of naphthalene acetic acid. Samples were obtained from plants located at the Campus III of the Federal University of Parana (UFPR), in Curitiba-PR-Brazil. Both experiments were installed in August, 2006 and evaluated after 20 days (stem cutting) or 76 days (air layering). The concentrations of 0, 500, and 1000 mg kg-1 of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were applied in powder in the cuttings and in vaseline paste in the layerings. It was observed 100% of rooting on stem cuttings. The averages of roots per cutting treated with NAA (20.88 and 21.88) were higher than the control’s average (10.58). However, there weren’t differences of the root length among treatments (grand mean= 3.35 cm). On the air layering experiment, rooting varied from 50 to 100%. The 1000 mg kg-1 NAA treatment promoted the largest number of roots per layering (17.00) and higher root length mean (11.73 cm). Through these results, both techniques can be considered suitable for T. fothergillae’s propagation. It’s recommended to use NAA (1000 mg kg-1) to increase the number of roots on air layerings. NAA application isn’t necessary for stem cuttings

An experiment was conducted during 2004-05 on farmers' field at Jhargram to work out optimum time for air layering in water apple. Results revealed that air layering performed during June and July resulted in highest rooting success (100%) with maximum field establishment (100%). Considering overall performance, the months of June and July can be recommended for air layering in water apple in red laterite zone of West Bengal.

An experiment was conducted during 2004-05 on farmers' field at Jhargram to work out optimum time for air layering in water apple. Results revealed that air layering performed during June and July resulted in highest rooting success (100%) with maximum field establishment (100%). Considering overall performance, the months of June and July can be recommended for air layering in water apple in red laterite zone of West Bengal.

Afin de comparer la croissance de marcottes adultes d'épinette noire après coupe à celle d'épinettes noires d'origine sexuée d'âge comparable, des courbes de croissance en diamètre, en hauteur et en volume total ont été réalisées grâce à l'analyse de tige de 112 individus récoltés dans la Réserve faunique des Laurentides. La moitié des épinettes noires provenait de coupes réalisées entre 1890 et 1930, et l'autre, de feux de forêt datant de la même période. L'analyse de tige a aussi permis d'évaluer l'activité cambiale, estimée à l'aide de l'accroissement spécifique en volume (ASV), qui correspond au taux annuel de croissance en volume divisé par la surface du cambium. Il appert que la hauteur, le diamètre à hauteur de poitrine (DHP) et le volume atteints 60 ans après coupe sont mieux corrélés à la hauteur de la régénération préétablie au moment de la coupe qu'à la durée de la période de suppression. Les accroissements annuels moyens (AAM) en hauteur et en DHP sont proportionnels à la hauteur initiale lorsque celle-ci est inférieure à deux mètres. Dépassé ce point, l'AAM en hauteur et en DHP décroissent en fonction de la hauteur initiale. Ces relations comportent toutefois une importante variance, si bien que sur plus des deux tiers de la période de temps considérée, les taux de croissance annuelle courants en hauteur et en diamètre ne diffèrent pas significativement entre les petites (Ho <1 m), les moyennes (1 m 2 m). Conséquemment, la supériorité des marcottes de grande taille provient principalement de l'avance dont elles bénéficient dès le moment de la coupe. Le taux de croissance en volume total est corrélé positivement à la taille initiale jusqu'à environ 60 ans après la coupe. Cependant, aucune relation significative n'a pu être identifiée entre la taille initiale des marcottes et leur accroissement spécifique en volume (ASV) après la coupe. En conséquence, les différences d'accroissement en volume entre les petites, mo