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The article analyses the work of wet nurses in Montevideo between 1852 and 1890. Using various sources (job adver-tisements in newspapers, asylum documentation, medical handbooks, and documents from the municipal authorities), it stud-ies the insertion of wet nurses into the private sphere of families and their role as workers in the city’s foundling and an orphan asylum. It shows the presence of black women working as wet nurses in the immediate post-abolition period and the increasing participation of Europeans in the decades after 1860. The precarious work they performed was essential for the subsistence of their families and formed part of one of the few employment alternatives available to poor women (and mothers) in the city., O artigo analisa o trabalho das amas de leite em Montevideu entre 1852 e 1890. Utilizando uma variedade de fontes (anúncios de trabalho na imprensa, documentação de asilo, manuais médicos, documentos das autoridades municipais), es-tuda a inserção de amas de leite no âmbito privado das famílias e seu papel como trabalhadoras do asilo de órfãos da cidade. Mostra a presença de mulheres negras trabalhando como amas de leite no imediato pós-abolição e a crescente participação de europeias nas décadas posteriores a 1860. O trabalho precário que realizavam era essencial para a subsistência das suas famílias e constituía uma das poucas alternativas de trabalho disponíveis para as mulheres (e mães) pobres da cidade., El artículo analiza el trabajo de las amas de leche en Montevideo entre 1852 y 1890. Ubica el tema en el marco de las transformaciones ocurridas en el mercado de trabajo urbano de la ciudad durante el proceso de transición de la economía uruguaya al capitalismo en el contexto de la primera globalización. Mediante una variedad de fuentes (avisos de trabajo en la prensa, documentación del asilo, manuales médicos, documentos de las autoridades municipales) estudia la inserción de las amas de leche en el ámbito privado de las familias y su rol como trabajadoras del Asilo de expósitos y huérfanos de la ciudad. Da cuenta de la presencia de mujeres negras trabajando como amas en la inmediata post abolición y de la creciente participación de europeas en las décadas posteriores a 1860. El trabajo precario que realizaban resultaba fundamental para la subsistencia de sus familias y formaba parte de una de las escasas alternativas laborales que tenían las mujeres (y madres) pobres de la ciudad.

There is enormous interest -- both mathematically and in diverse applications -- in understanding the dynamics of coupled oscillator networks. The real-world motivation of such networks arises from studies of the brain, the heart, ecology, and more. It is common to describe the rich emergent behavior in these systems in terms of complex patterns of network activity that reflect both the connectivity and the nonlinear dynamics of the network components. Such behavior is often organized around phase-locked periodic states and their instabilities. However, the explicit calculation of periodic orbits in nonlinear systems (even in low dimensions) is notoriously hard, so network-level insights often require the numerical construction of some underlying periodic component. In this paper, we review powerful techniques for studying coupled oscillator networks. We discuss phase reductions, phase-amplitude reductions, and the master stability function for smooth dynamical systems. We then focus in particular on the augmentation of these methods to analyze piecewise-linear systems, for which one can readily construct periodic orbits. This yields useful insights into network behavior, but the cost is that one needs to study nonsmooth dynamical systems. The study of nonsmooth systems is well-developed when focusing on the interacting units (i.e., at the node level) of a system, and we give a detailed presentation of how to use \textit{saltation operators}, which can treat the propagation of perturbations through switching manifolds, to understand dynamics and bifurcations at the network level. We illustrate this merger of tools and techniques from network science and nonsmooth dynamical systems with applications to neural systems, cardiac systems, networks of electro-mechanical oscillators, and cooperation in cattle herds., Comment: 63 pages, 26 figures

Predictive variability due to data ambiguities has typically been addressed via construction of dedicated models with built-in probabilistic capabilities that are trained to predict uncertainty estimates as variables of interest. These approaches require distinct architectural components and training mechanisms, may include restrictive assumptions and exhibit overconfidence, i.e., high confidence in imprecise predictions. In this work, we propose a post-hoc sampling strategy for estimating predictive uncertainty accounting for data ambiguity. The method can generate different plausible outputs for a given input and does not assume parametric forms of predictive distributions. It is architecture agnostic and can be applied to any feed-forward deterministic network without changes to the architecture or training procedure. Experiments on regression tasks on imaging and non-imaging input data show the method's ability to generate diverse and multi-modal predictive distributions, and a desirable correlation of the estimated uncertainty with the prediction error.

Responding to crucial challenges in urban and rural development led the United Nations decide on the New Urban Agenda as well as the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The progress made in implementing the New Urban Agenda is referenced against the SDGs and vice versa. In order to understand the spatial patterns which SDGs produce, a national and supranational spatial perspective is taken on SDG 11 "Inclusive, Safe, Resilient and Sustainable Cities and Communities". While data availability determines the analysis, national or even supranational programmes support respective development and change. The chapters visualise the spatial analysis of SDG 11. Alternating maps illustrate the spatial perspective on SDG 11 in India, Germany and Europe by taking manifold national as well as supranational views wherever feasible.

Background: Moderate physical activity is associated with an improved prognosis and psychosocial outcome in breast cancer patients. Although exercise and physical activity are associated with multiple physiological and psychological effects, many of the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. The BEGYN study (Influence of physical activity in breast cancer patients on physiological and psychological parameters and on biomarkers) aims at identifying potential associations between the extent of physical activity, fitness, body composition, immunological biomarkers, psycho-emotional parameters, and the course of treatment during the first year after diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods: The prospective observational BEGYN study will include 110 non-metastatic breast cancer patients. The patients will be assessed during a base line visit prior to the initiation of the antineoplastic therapy and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The physical activity will be measured using a fitness tracker and a self-assessment diary during the entire study. Each visit will include the assessment of (i) cardiorespiratory fitness measured by spiroergometry, (ii) body composition, (iii) psycho-emotional parameters (quality of life, mental health, fatigue, depression, distress, anxiety, well-being), and (iv) extensive blood tests including routine laboratory, vitamin D, selenium and immunologically relevant biomarkers (e.g., leukocyte subpopulations and cytokine profiles). Discussion: Whereas most studies investigating the influence of physical activity in breast cancer patients focus on specific activities for three months or less, the BEGYN study will quantify the daily physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness of breast cancer patients based on objective measurements in the context of the oncological therapy for 12 months after diagnosis. The study will reveal potential associations between exercise, immune status and physical as well as psycho-emotional outcome and the clinical course of

Spatial and temporal variations among individual human cell proteomes are comprehensively mapped across the cell cycle using proteomic imaging and transcriptomics. The cell cycle, over which cells grow and divide, is a fundamental process of life. Its dysregulation has devastating consequences, including cancer(1-3). The cell cycle is driven by precise regulation of proteins in time and space, which creates variability between individual proliferating cells. To our knowledge, no systematic investigations of such cell-to-cell proteomic variability exist. Here we present a comprehensive, spatiotemporal map of human proteomic heterogeneity by integrating proteomics at subcellular resolution with single-cell transcriptomics and precise temporal measurements of individual cells in the cell cycle. We show that around one-fifth of the human proteome displays cell-to-cell variability, identify hundreds of proteins with previously unknown associations with mitosis and the cell cycle, and provide evidence that several of these proteins have oncogenic functions. Our results show that cell cycle progression explains less than half of all cell-to-cell variability, and that most cycling proteins are regulated post-translationally, rather than by transcriptomic cycling. These proteins are disproportionately phosphorylated by kinases that regulate cell fate, whereas non-cycling proteins that vary between cells are more likely to be modified by kinases that regulate metabolism. This spatially resolved proteomic map of the cell cycle is integrated into the Human Protein Atlas and will serve as a resource for accelerating molecular studies of the human cell cycle and cell proliferation., Correction in: Nature, Vol. 608, no 7924, p. E32-E32, 2022DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05180-4

Spatial and temporal variations among individual human cell proteomes are comprehensively mapped across the cell cycle using proteomic imaging and transcriptomics. The cell cycle, over which cells grow and divide, is a fundamental process of life. Its dysregulation has devastating consequences, including cancer(1-3). The cell cycle is driven by precise regulation of proteins in time and space, which creates variability between individual proliferating cells. To our knowledge, no systematic investigations of such cell-to-cell proteomic variability exist. Here we present a comprehensive, spatiotemporal map of human proteomic heterogeneity by integrating proteomics at subcellular resolution with single-cell transcriptomics and precise temporal measurements of individual cells in the cell cycle. We show that around one-fifth of the human proteome displays cell-to-cell variability, identify hundreds of proteins with previously unknown associations with mitosis and the cell cycle, and provide evidence that several of these proteins have oncogenic functions. Our results show that cell cycle progression explains less than half of all cell-to-cell variability, and that most cycling proteins are regulated post-translationally, rather than by transcriptomic cycling. These proteins are disproportionately phosphorylated by kinases that regulate cell fate, whereas non-cycling proteins that vary between cells are more likely to be modified by kinases that regulate metabolism. This spatially resolved proteomic map of the cell cycle is integrated into the Human Protein Atlas and will serve as a resource for accelerating molecular studies of the human cell cycle and cell proliferation., Correction in DOI 10.1038/s41586-022-05180-4QC 20210324

Background: Moderate physical activity is associated with an improved prognosis and psychosocial outcome in breast cancer patients. Although exercise and physical activity are associated with multiple physiological and psychological effects, many of the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. The BEGYN study (Influence of physical activity in breast cancer patients on physiological and psychological parameters and on biomarkers) aims at identifying potential associations between the extent of physical activity, fitness, body composition, immunological biomarkers, psycho-emotional parameters, and the course of treatment during the first year after diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods: The prospective observational BEGYN study will include 110 non-metastatic breast cancer patients. The patients will be assessed during a base line visit prior to the initiation of the antineoplastic therapy and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The physical activity will be measured using a fitness tracker and a self-assessment diary during the entire study. Each visit will include the assessment of (i) cardiorespiratory fitness measured by spiroergometry, (ii) body composition, (iii) psycho-emotional parameters (quality of life, mental health, fatigue, depression, distress, anxiety, well-being), and (iv) extensive blood tests including routine laboratory, vitamin D, selenium and immunologically relevant biomarkers (e.g., leukocyte subpopulations and cytokine profiles). Discussion: Whereas most studies investigating the influence of physical activity in breast cancer patients focus on specific activities for three months or less, the BEGYN study will quantify the daily physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness of breast cancer patients based on objective measurements in the context of the oncological therapy for 12 months after diagnosis. The study will reveal potential associations between exercise, immune status and physical as well as psycho-emotional outcome and the clinical course of

The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has exposed many flaws in the decision-making strategies used to distribute resources to combat global health crises. In this paper, we leverage reinforcement learning and optimization to improve upon the allocation strategies for various resources. In particular, we consider a problem where a central controller must decide where to send testing kits to learn about the uncertain states of the world (active learning); then, use the new information to construct beliefs about the states and decide where to allocate resources. We propose a general model coupled with a tunable lookahead policy for making vaccine allocation decisions without perfect knowledge about the state of the world. The lookahead policy is compared to a population-based myopic policy which is more likely to be similar to the present strategies in practice. Each vaccine allocation policy works in conjunction with a testing kit allocation policy to perform active learning. Our simulation results demonstrate that an optimization-based lookahead decision making strategy will outperform the presented myopic policy.

After a century of research, the human centrosome continues to fascinate. Based on immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, an extensive inventory of the protein components of the human centrosome, and the centriolar satellites, with the important contribution of over 300 novel proteins localizing to these compartments is presented. A network of candidate centrosome proteins involved in ubiquitination, including six interaction partners of the Kelch-like protein 21, and an additional network of protein phosphatases, together supporting the suggested role of the centrosome as an interactive hub for cell signaling, is identified. Analysis of multi-localization across cellular organelles analyzed within the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) project shows how multi-localizing proteins are particularly overrepresented in centriolar satellites, supporting the dynamic nature and wide range of functions for this compartment. In summary, the spatial dissection of the human centrosome and centriolar satellites described here provides a comprehensive knowledgebase for further exploration of their proteomes., QC 20201201

The nucleolus is essential for ribosome biogenesis and is involved in many other cellular functions. We performed a systematic spatiotemporal dissection of the human nucleolar proteome using confocal microscopy. In total, 1,318 nucleolar proteins were identified; 287 were localized to fibrillar components, and 157 were enriched along the nucleoplasmic border, indicating a potential fourth nucleolar subcompartment: the nucleoli rim. We found 65 nucleolar proteins (36 uncharacterized) to relocate to the chromosomal periphery during mitosis. Interestingly, we observed temporal partitioning into two recruitment phenotypes: early (prometaphase) and late (after metaphase), suggesting phase-specific functions. We further show that the expression ofMKI67 is critical for this temporal partitioning. We provide the first proteome-wide analysis of intrinsic protein disorder for the human nucleolus and show that nucleolar proteins in general, and mitotic chromosome proteins in particular, have significantly higher intrinsic disorder level compared to cytosolic proteins. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive and essential resource of spatiotemporal expression data for the nucleolar proteome as part of the Human Protein Atlas., QC 20201103

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic success in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) leads to a growing number of adults with CHD (adult CHD [ACHD]) who develop end-stage heart failure. We aimed to determine patient characteristics and outcomes of ACHD listed for heart transplantation. METHODS: Using data from all the patients with ACHD in 20 transplant centers in the Eurotransplant region from 1999 to 2015, we analyzed patient characteristics, waiting list, and post-transplantation outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 204 patients with ACHD were listed during the study period. The median age was 38 years, and 62.3% of the patients were listed in high urgency (HU), and 37.7% of the patients were in transplantable (T)-listing status. A total of 23.5% of the patients died or were delisted owing to clinical worsening, and 75% of the patients underwent transplantation. Median waiting time for patients with HU-listing status was 4.18 months and with T-listing status 9.07 months. There was no difference in crude mortality or delisting between patients who were HU status listed and T status listed (p = 0.65). In multivariable regression analysis, markers for respiratory failure (mechanical ventilation, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.11-1.81, p = 0.006) and arrhythmias (anti-arrhythmic medication, HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.01-2.01, p = 0.044) were associated with a higher risk of death or delisting. In the overall cohort, post-transplantation mortality was 26.8% after 1 year and 33.4% after 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Listed patients are at high risk of death without differences in the urgency of listing. Respiratory failure requiring invasive ventilation and possibly arrhythmias requiring anti-arrhythmic medication indicate worse outcomes on waiting list.

Transient rises and falls of the intracellular calcium concentration have been observed in numerous cell types and under a plethora of conditions. There is now a growing body of evidence that these whole-cell calcium oscillations are stochastic, which poses a significant challenge for modelling. In this review, we take a closer look at recently developed statistical approaches to calcium oscillations. These models describe the timing of whole-cell calcium spikes, yet their parametrisations reflect subcellular processes. We show how non-stationary calcium spike sequences, which e.g. occur during slow depletion of intracellular calcium stores or in the presence of time-dependent stimulation, can be analysed with the help of so-called intensity functions. By utilising Bayesian concepts, we demonstrate how values of key parameters of the statistical model can be inferred from single cell calcium spike sequences and illustrate what information whole-cell statistical models can provide about the subcellular mechanistic processes that drive calcium oscillations. In particular, we find that the interspike interval distribution of HEK293 cells under constant stimulation is captured by a Gamma distribution.

Transient rises and falls of the intracellular calcium concentration have been observed in numerous cell types and under a plethora of conditions. There is now a growing body of evidence that these whole-cell calcium oscillations are stochastic, which poses a significant challenge for modelling. In this review, we take a closer look at recently developed statistical approaches to calcium oscillations. These models describe the timing of whole-cell calcium spikes, yet their parametrisations reflect subcellular processes. We show how non-stationary calcium spike sequences, which e.g. occur during slow depletion of intracellular calcium stores or in the presence of time-dependent stimulation, can be analysed with the help of so-called intensity functions. By utilising Bayesian concepts, we demonstrate how values of key parameters of the statistical model can be inferred from single cell calcium spike sequences and illustrate what information whole-cell statistical models can provide about the subcellular mechanistic processes that drive calcium oscillations. In particular, we find that the interspike interval distribution of HEK293 cells under constant stimulation is captured by a Gamma distribution.

The proteins secreted by human cells (collectively referred to as the secretome) are important not only for the basic understanding of human biology but also for the identification of potential targets for future diagnostics and therapies. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of proteins predicted to be secreted in human cells, which provides information about their final localization in the human body, including the proteins actively secreted to peripheral blood. The analysis suggests that a large number of the proteins of the secretome are not secreted out of the cell, but instead are retained intracellularly, whereas another large group of proteins were identified that are predicted to be retained locally at the tissue of expression and not secreted into the blood. Proteins detected in the human blood by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and antibody-based immuno-assays are also presented with estimates of their concentrations in the blood. The results are presented in an updated version 19 of the Human Protein Atlas in which each gene encoding a secretome protein is annotated to provide an open-access knowledge resource of the human secretome, including body-wide expression data, spatial localization data down to the single-cell and subcellular levels, and data about the presence of proteins that are detectable in the blood.

The proteins secreted by human cells (collectively referred to as the secretome) are important not only for the basic understanding of human biology but also for the identification of potential targets for future diagnostics and therapies. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of proteins predicted to be secreted in human cells, which provides information about their final localization in the human body, including the proteins actively secreted to peripheral blood. The analysis suggests that a large number of the proteins of the secretome are not secreted out of the cell, but instead are retained intracellularly, whereas another large group of proteins were identified that are predicted to be retained locally at the tissue of expression and not secreted into the blood. Proteins detected in the human blood by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and antibody-based immuno-assays are also presented with estimates of their concentrations in the blood. The results are presented in an updated version 19 of the Human Protein Atlas in which each gene encoding a secretome protein is annotated to provide an open-access knowledge resource of the human secretome, including body-wide expression data, spatial localization data down to the single-cell and subcellular levels, and data about the presence of proteins that are detectable in the blood., QC 20191218

The correct spatial distribution of proteins is vital for their function and often mis-localization or ectopic expression leads to diseases. For more than a decade, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) has constituted a valuable tool for researchers studying protein localization and expression in human tissues and cells. The centerpiece of the HPA is its unique antibody collection for mapping the entire human proteome by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry. By these approaches, more than 10 million images showing protein expression patterns at a single-cell level were generated and are publicly available at . The antibody-based approach is combined with transcriptomics data for an overview of global expression profiles. The present article comprehensively describes the HPA database functions and how users can utilize it for their own research as well as discusses the future path of spatial proteomics.

The correct spatial distribution of proteins is vital for their function and often mis-localization or ectopic expression leads to diseases. For more than a decade, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) has constituted a valuable tool for researchers studying protein localization and expression in human tissues and cells. The centerpiece of the HPA is its unique antibody collection for mapping the entire human proteome by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry. By these approaches, more than 10 million images showing protein expression patterns at a single-cell level were generated and are publicly available at www.proteinatlas.org. The antibody-based approach is combined with transcriptomics data for an overview of global expression profiles. The present article comprehensively describes the HPA database functions and how users can utilize it for their own research as well as discusses the future path of spatial proteomics., QC 20171130

Zur Differenzierung von Zuständen reduzierten Bewusstseins (Disorders of Consciousness (DOC)) unter auditorischer Stimulation wurden zwei nicht-lineare EEG-Parameter (Permutationsentropie (PeEn) und Symbolische Transfer Entropie (STEn)) auf das EEG von 15 Patienten mit entweder Minimally Conscious State (MCS) oder Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) / Vegetative State (VS) angewendet und mit einem Kollektiv gesunder Probanden verglichen., To differentiate Disorders of Consciousness (DOC) under auditory stimulation two non-linear measures of EEG-analysis (Permutation Entropy (PeEn) and Symbolic Transfer Entropy (STEn) were applied to the EEG of 15 patients with either Minimally Conscious State (MCS) or Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) / Vegetative State (VS). The findings were compared to a group of healthy volunteers.

The article analyzes the strategies of control of «vagrancy» from a sociohistorical perspective. It identifies four periods - from the creation of the Eastern State to our days - where the problem of vagrancy was a concern, briefly characterize the specific historical contexts as well as the control strategies deployed and their socio-political significance. The relationship between vagrancy control and labor force demands (in markets or quasi labor markets, depending on the period) is a central analyzer to understand the role of the State in shaping a social order more or less coherent with particular dynamics of accumulation. It is proposed to approximate a response to the question of whether it is possible to draw a line of continuity between the approval of the Law of Faults (Nº. 19.120) at the beginning of the 21st century and the provisions of control of vagrancy in the nineteenth century., El artículo analiza las estrategias de control de la “vagancia” desde una perspectiva sociohistórica. Se identifican cuatro períodos -desde la creación del Estado oriental hasta nuestros días- donde el problema de la vagancia fue objeto de preocupación, se caracterizan brevemente los contextos históricos específicos así como las estrategias de control desplegadas y su significación sociopolítica. La relación entre el control de la vagancia y las demandas de fuerza de trabajo (en mercados o cuasi mercados laborales, según el período) resulta un analizador central para comprender el papel del Estado en la configuración de un orden social más o menos coherente con las particulares dinámicas de acumulación. Se propone aproximar una respuesta a la interrogante de si es posible trazar una línea de continuidad entre la aprobación de la Ley de Faltas (N° 19.120) a comienzos del siglo XXI y las disposiciones de control de la vagancia en el siglo XIX.

The use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes as an intervention strategy in head and neck cancer was investigated in this retrospective chart review. Twenty-five veterans met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into two groups – use of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and absence of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement. Medical charts were reviewed and data extracted included weight, swallow function, swallow exercise compliance, and physical and social quality of life for 2 years post-treatment. Month-to-month data were compared across the two groups with respect to weight, swallow function, swallow exercise compliance, and physical and social quality of life scores. While both groups had similar weight loss during radiation, the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy group had faster recovery to baseline. The percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy group had greater swallow deficits and better exercise compliance than the absence of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy group. More research is needed to guide clinical decision making for the use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes to offset the effects of radiation on patients with head and neck cancer.

QC 20211021

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The use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes as an intervention strategy in head and neck cancer was investigated in this retrospective chart review. Twenty-five veterans met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into two groups – use of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and absence of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement. Medical charts were reviewed and data extracted included weight, swallow function, swallow exercise compliance, and physical and social quality of life for 2 years post-treatment. Month-to-month data were compared across the two groups with respect to weight, swallow function, swallow exercise compliance, and physical and social quality of life scores. While both groups had similar weight loss during radiation, the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy group had faster recovery to baseline. The percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy group had greater swallow deficits and better exercise compliance than the absence of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy group. More research is needed to guide clinical decision making for the use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes to offset the effects of radiation on patients with head and neck cancer.

The article analyzes the strategies of control of «vagrancy» from a sociohistorical perspective. It identifies four periods - from the creation of the Eastern State to our days - where the problem of vagrancy was a concern, briefly characterize the specific historical contexts as well as the control strategies deployed and their socio-political significance. The relationship between vagrancy control and labor force demands (in markets or quasi labor markets, depending on the period) is a central analyzer to understand the role of the State in shaping a social order more or less coherent with particular dynamics of accumulation. It is proposed to approximate a response to the question of whether it is possible to draw a line of continuity between the approval of the Law of Faults (Nº. 19.120) at the beginning of the 21st century and the provisions of control of vagrancy in the nineteenth century., El artículo analiza las estrategias de control de la “vagancia” desde una perspectiva sociohistórica. Se identifican cuatro períodos -desde la creación del Estado oriental hasta nuestros días- donde el problema de la vagancia fue objeto de preocupación, se caracterizan brevemente los contextos históricos específicos así como las estrategias de control desplegadas y su significación sociopolítica. La relación entre el control de la vagancia y las demandas de fuerza de trabajo (en mercados o cuasi mercados laborales, según el período) resulta un analizador central para comprender el papel del Estado en la configuración de un orden social más o menos coherente con las particulares dinámicas de acumulación. Se propone aproximar una respuesta a la interrogante de si es posible trazar una línea de continuidad entre la aprobación de la Ley de Faltas (N° 19.120) a comienzos del siglo XXI y las disposiciones de control de la vagancia en el siglo XIX.

Zur Differenzierung von Zuständen reduzierten Bewusstseins (Disorders of Consciousness (DOC)) unter auditorischer Stimulation wurden zwei nicht-lineare EEG-Parameter (Permutationsentropie (PeEn) und Symbolische Transfer Entropie (STEn)) auf das EEG von 15 Patienten mit entweder Minimally Conscious State (MCS) oder Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) / Vegetative State (VS) angewendet und mit einem Kollektiv gesunder Probanden verglichen., To differentiate Disorders of Consciousness (DOC) under auditory stimulation two non-linear measures of EEG-analysis (Permutation Entropy (PeEn) and Symbolic Transfer Entropy (STEn) were applied to the EEG of 15 patients with either Minimally Conscious State (MCS) or Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) / Vegetative State (VS). The findings were compared to a group of healthy volunteers.

Systems chemistry aims at studying and developing "smart" materials displaying reactivity to external stimuli, metabolism, self-repair abilities and self-replication properties. These features constitute the principal characteristics of living systems that smart materials tend to mimic. The synthesis strategies of these materials are still in their infancy, and identifying the mechanisms underlying emergent phenomena could lead to a better control and use of these behaviours in the synthesis of new materials. The complex dynamics of biological systems usually arises from the coupling of compartmentalised units in which nonlinear chemical reactions take place. In this thesis, we are interested in the complex dynamics emerging from such compartmentalisation of a reactive system. First, we analyse the impact of fluctuations of concentration on the dynamics of a chemical oscillatory reaction, namely the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. We show that oscillations are more robust against fluctuations than other behaviours generated by the reaction (birhythmicity, chaos, ) and highlight different mechanisms by which oscillations can arise from fluctuations. Then, we study a model for chemical chaos, the so-called Willamowsky-Rössler model, in which we incorporate fluctuations and crowding effects. Fluctuations have a destructive effect on chaotic dynamics but when the reaction takes place on a surface where the different species can diffuse and react, a synergy develops between fluctuations, crowding effects and the mobility of the particles. This synergy enhances the re-emergence of chaos and the development of new behaviours. Finally, we show throughout different modelling approaches that compartmentalisation effects play a central role in the intracellular calcium dynamics and emphasise how microscopic properties of the system shape the global behaviour of this system. Compartmentalised nonlinear dynamics thus offer a wide range of future prospects for the synthesis of sma, Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

QC 20200429Not duplicate with DiVA 1604278

Resolving the spatial distribution of the human proteome at a subcellular level can greatly increase our understanding of human biology and disease. Here we present a comprehensive image-based map of subcellular protein distribution, the Cell Atlas, built by integrating transcriptomics and antibody-based immunofluorescence microscopy with validation by mass spectrometry. Mapping the in situ localization of 12,003 human proteins at a single-cell level to 30 subcellular structures enabled the definition of the proteomes of 13 major organelles. Exploration of the proteomes revealed single-cell variations in abundance or spatial distribution and localization of about half of the proteins to multiple compartments. This subcellular map can be used to refine existing protein-protein interaction networks and provides an important resource to deconvolute the highly complex architecture of the human cell., QC 20171208

QC 20180323

Resolving the spatial distribution of the human proteome at a subcellular level can greatly increase our understanding of human biology and disease. Here we present a comprehensive image-based map of subcellular protein distribution, the Cell Atlas, built by integrating transcriptomics and antibody-based immunofluorescence microscopy with validation by mass spectrometry. Mapping the in situ localization of 12,003 human proteins at a single-cell level to 30 subcellular structures enabled the definition of the proteomes of 13 major organelles. Exploration of the proteomes revealed single-cell variations in abundance or spatial distribution and localization of about half of the proteins to multiple compartments. This subcellular map can be used to refine existing protein-protein interaction networks and provides an important resource to deconvolute the highly complex architecture of the human cell.

Calcium responses have been observed as spikes of the whole-cell calcium concentration in numerous cell types and are essential for translating extracellular stimuli into cellular responses. While there are several suggestions for how this encoding is achieved, we still lack a comprehensive theory. To achieve this goal it is necessary to reliably predict the temporal evolution of calcium spike sequences for a given stimulus. Here, we propose a modelling framework that allows us to quantitatively describe the timing of calcium spikes. Using a Bayesian approach, we show that Gaussian processes model calcium spike rates with high fidelity and perform better than standard tools such as peri-stimulus time histograms and kernel smoothing. We employ our modelling concept to analyse calcium spike sequences from dynamically-stimulated HEK293T cells. Under these conditions, different cells often experience diverse stimulus time courses, which is a situation likely to occur in vivo. This single cell variability and the concomitant small number of calcium spikes per cell pose a significant modelling challenge, but we demonstrate that Gaussian processes can successfully describe calcium spike rates in these circumstances. Our results therefore pave the way towards a statistical description of heterogeneous calcium oscillations in a dynamic environment.

This paper develops a novel and highly efficient numerical algorithm for the gap risk-adjusted valuation of leveraged certificates. The existing literature relies on Monte Carlo simulations, which are not fast enough to be used in a market making environment. This is because issuers need to compute thousands of price updates per second. By valuing leveraged certificates as multi-window barrier options, we explicitly model random jumps that occur at known times, such as between the exchange closing and re-opening. Our algorithm combines the one-day transition probability with Simpson’s numerical integration rule. This yields a backward induction scheme which requires a significantly coarser spatial and time grid than finite difference methods. We confirm its robustness and accuracy through Monte Carlo simulations.

QC 20211019Rimligtvis dubblett med ISI-nummer 000426664300521

This paper develops a novel and highly efficient numerical algorithm for the gap risk-adjusted valuation of leveraged certificates. The existing literature relies on Monte Carlo simulations, which are not fast enough to be used in a market making environment. This is because issuers need to compute thousands of price updates per second. By valuing leveraged certificates as multi-window barrier options, we explicitly model random jumps that occur at known times, such as between the exchange closing and re-opening. Our algorithm combines the one-day transition probability with Simpson’s numerical integration rule. This yields a backward induction scheme which requires a significantly coarser spatial and time grid than finite difference methods. We confirm its robustness and accuracy through Monte Carlo simulations.

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QC 20170410