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Supporting information for article https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c10052

Although the Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) is the most consensual theory to explain protein nucleation mechanisms, experimental observations during the shear-induced assays suggest that the CNT does not always describe the insulin nucleation process. This is the case at intermediate precipitant (ZnCl2) solution concentrations (2.3 mM) and high-temperature values (20 and 40 °C) as well as at low precipitant solution concentrations (1.6 mM) and low-temperature values (5 °C). In this work, crystallization events following the CNT registered at high precipitant solution concentrations (3.1 and 4.7 mM) are typically described by a Newtonian response. On the other hand, crystallization events following a nonclassical nucleation pathway seem to involve the formation of a metastable intermediate state before crystal formation and are described by a transition from Newtonian to shear-thinning responses. A dominant shear-thinning behavior (shear viscosity values ranging more than 6 orders of magnitude) is found during aggregation/agglomeration events. The rheological analysis is complemented with different characterization techniques (Dynamic Light Scattering, Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy, Circular Dichroism, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry) to understand the insulin behavior in solution, especially during the occurrence of aggregation/agglomeration events. To the best of our knowledge, the current work is the first study describing nonclassical nucleation mechanisms during shear-induced crystallization experiments, which reveals the potential of the interdisciplinary approach herein described and opens a window for a clear understanding of protein nucleation mechanisms

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of probiotics obtained from an agroindustrial waste substrate fermented with lactic acid bacteria and/or yeasts on the health and changes in the microbiota of the digestive tract of guinea pigs. Eighty male guinea pigs, Kuri breed, 30 days old and 250 g live weight, were randomly selected and divided into four groups of 20 animals each: T0, control; T1, Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. bulgaricus; T2, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis; and T3. L. acidophilus, L. bulgariccus, S. cerevisiae and K. fragilis. T1, T2 and T3 contained molasses-vinasse substrate in their base, the dose administered was 1.00 mL/animal orally every 3 days. The indicators evaluated were weight gain, occurrence of diarrhea and mortality, macroscopic lesions in the digestive tract organs and changes in the microbiota of the stomach, caecum, small and large intestine. Treatments T1, T2 and T3 improved weight gain (p < 0.05) and reduced the presence of guinea pigs with diarrhea (p < 0.05) and there was no mortality; animals in the control group presented a greater amount (p < 0.05) of macroscopic lesions in the digestive tract organs; in the T1, T2 and T3 groups there was an improvement in the natural microbiota. It is concluded that the inclusion of a microbial additive in young guinea pigs improves intestinal health and consequently improves weight gain, reduces diarrhea and deaths and normalizes the natural microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), malnutrition is recognized as one of the main mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of inequality and poverty. This pathology usually affects mainly children under 5 years of age. Phenotypically, 3 forms can be distinguished, kwashiorkor, marasmus and the mixed phenotype, each of which has associated lesions or skin conditions in which peeling, erythema, flaccid skin in some cases or shiny in others, pruritus, edema, dermatitis, greater probability of infection by certain microorganisms such as candida, scabies, scabies, keratosis pilaris, petechiae, blisters and other elementary lesions secondary to a deficiency of proteins, vitamins and minerals. Seeing the entire current panorama, it has been considered important to investigate the possible advances in terms of skin diseases that this vulnerable population may present, for this reason, the objective of this article is to carry out a bibliographic search to recognize the latest in dermatological diseases in malnourished patients., Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) la desnutrición se reconoce como uno de los principales mecanismos de transmisión intergeneracional de desigualdad y pobreza. Está patología suele afectar principalmente a los niños menores de 5 años. Fenotípicamente se pueden distinguir 3 formas de presentación denominadas , kwashiorkor, marasmo y el fenotipo mixto, cada una de las cuales cuenta con lesiones o afecciones cutáneas asociadas en las que resaltan la descamación, eritema, piel flácida en algunos casos o brillante en otros, prurito, edema , dermatitis, mayor probabilidad de infección por ciertos microorganismos como cándida, escabiosis, sarna , queratosis pilaris , petequias, ampollas y demás lesiones elementales secundarias al déficit de proteínas, vitaminas y minerales.Viendo todo el panorama actual, se ha considerado importante investigar los posibles avances en cuanto a las enfermedades cutáneas que puedan presentar esta población vulnerable, por tal razón, el objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica para reconocer lo último en enfermedades dermatológicas en los paciente desnutridos.

The Superintendency of State assets (SBN) is a decentralized public body attached to the Ministry of Housing, Construction and Sanitation whose purpose is to regulate and supervise the acts of acquisition, Administration, disposal and registration of state assets carried out by the entities, for the purposes of achieve and orderly and efficient Administration. The purpose of this article is to analyze and disseminate the regulations referring to the defense and recovery of state property established in law N°29151, General law of the National System of State Assets and its Regulations and Law N°30230, Law that establishes tax measures, simplification of procedures and permits for the promotion and revitalization of investment in the country. With the enactment of law N°30230, art. 920 of the current Civil Code and some rules for the extrajudicial possession defense of privately owned real estate are modified., La Superintendencia de Bienes Estatales (SBN) es un organismo público descentralizado adscrito al Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento cuya finalidad es normar y supervisar los actos de adquisición, administración, disposición y registro de los bienes estatales que realicen las entidades, a efectos de lograr una administración ordenada y eficiente. El presente artículo tiene como propósito analizar y difundir las normas referidas a la defensa y recuperación de la propiedad estatal establecida en la Ley N° 29151, Ley General del Sistema Nacional de Bienes Estatales y su Reglamento y a la Ley N° 30230, Ley que establece medidas tributarias, simplificación de procedimientos y permisos para la promoción y dinamización de la inversión en el país. Con la dación de la Ley N° 30230, se modifica el artículo 920 del Código Civil vigente y unas reglas para la defensa posesoria extrajudicial de bienes inmuebles de propiedad privada.

This work implements a drip irrigation system using NPK sensors, which is suitable for measuring temperature, humidity, conductivity, and soil PH, and also detects the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the soil. This system will allow monitoring the appropriate use of water to apply it to a soybean crop of four genotypes based on dry matter; With this data obtained from the sensors it will be displayed in a web application to be analyzed in real time during field tests., El presente trabajo realiza la implementación de un sistema de riego por goteo utilizando sensores NPK, el cual es adecuado para medir la temperatura, humedad, conductividad, el PH del suelo, asimismo detecta el contenido de nitrógeno, fosforo y potasio en el suelo. Este sistema permitirá monitorear el uso adecuado del agua para aplicarlo en un cultivo de soya de cuatro genotipos basado en materia seca; con estos datos obtenidos de los sensores se mostrará en una aplicación web para estar analizando en tiempo real durante las pruebas de campo.

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory instruments about 1 km3 of deep, glacial ice at the geographic South Pole. It uses 5160 photomultipliers to detect Cherenkov light emitted by charged relativistic particles. An unexpected light propagation effect observed by the experiment is an anisotropic attenuation, which is aligned with the local flow direction of the ice. We examine birefringent light propagation through the polycrystalline ice microstructure as a possible explanation for this effect. The predictions of a first-principles model developed for this purpose, in particular curved light trajectories resulting from asymmetric diffusion, provide a qualitatively good match to the main features of the data. This in turn allows us to deduce ice crystal properties. Since the wavelength of the detected light is short compared to the crystal size, these crystal properties include not only the crystal orientation fabric, but also the average crystal size and shape, as a function of depth. By adding small empirical corrections to this first-principles model, a quantitatively accurate description of the optical properties of the IceCube glacial ice is obtained. In this paper, we present the experimental signature of ice optical anisotropy observed in IceCube light-emitting diode (LED) calibration data, the theory and parameterization of the birefringence effect, the fitting procedures of these parameterizations to experimental data, and the inferred crystal properties., Peer Reviewed

This study scrutinizes the use of supplementary pension plans (SPPs) in the executive compensation strategies of multinational and multi-Latin firms. The proposed analysis focuses on the internal and external factors that may influence the implementation of SPPs and their role in attracting, retaining, and motivating strategically valuable human capital in the form of executive managers. The analysis was based on in-depth interviews with a range of managers, representatives of multilateral institutions, researchers, and heads of pension funds and mandatory pension plans. Relevant complementary data was obtained from a variety or documentary sources. The paper offers valuable findings and implications for the design of compensation strategies of senior managers of multinational and multi-Latin firms. The study also has implications regarding the use of loyalty mechanisms aimed at developingcompetitive advantages to enhance business performance., Esta investigación examina la utilización de los planes de pensiones complementarios (PPC) en las estrategias de retribución de los directivos de empresas multinacionales y multilatinas. El análisis propuesto se centra en los factores internos y externos que pueden influir tanto en su aplicación como en su impacto a la hora de atraer y retener este capital humano de valor estratégico. El proceso de análisis utilizado se ha basado en entrevistas en profundidad con diversos directivos, representantes de instituciones multilaterales, investigadores y responsables de fondos de pensiones y de pensión obligatoria. Se obtuvieron datos complementarios relevantes de diversas fuentes documentales. Este trabajo aporta valiosas conclusiones e implicaciones para el diseño de las estrategias de retribución de los altos directivos de las empresas multinacionales y multilatinas. El estudio también tiene implicaciones en relación con el uso de mecanismos de fidelización destinados a desarrollar ventajas competitivas para mejorar los resultados empresariales.

Down Syndrome is the most common genetic condition and a leading cause of intellectual disability. Individuals in rural areas, particularly those with disabilities, often face disparities in healthcare access. Analyzing clinical records of patients diagnosed with Down Syndrome between 2013 and 2022 by the Institute of Genetics at the Universidad Mayor de San Andrés in La Paz, Bolivia, this study examined the time to diagnosis for 250 patients with Down Syndrome. The findings revealed that patients from rural areas with Down Syndrome take an average of five months to receive a diagnosis, compared to two months in urban areas (p<0.001). No significant differences were found in the time to diagnosis based on gender. However, a higher proportion of males from rural areas was observed (p=0.03). The results suggest that individuals in rural areas face challenges in receiving a timely diagnosis. On the other hand, women may not be brought to cities for proper diagnosis and treatment due to gender biases in certain communities. The importance of improving access to early diagnosis and treatment in rural areas is emphasized., El síndrome de Down es la condición genética más común y una causa principal de discapacidad intelectual. Las personas en áreas rurales, especialmente aquellas con discapacidades, a menudo enfrentan desigualdades en el acceso a la salud. A partir de los registros clínicos de pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de síndrome de Down entre 2013 y 2022, por el Instituto de Genética de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia, se analizó, analizó el tiempo hasta el diagnóstico de 250 pacientes con síndrome de Down, mostró que los pacientes procedentes de áreas rurales con síndrome de Down tardan cinco meses en promedio en recibir un diagnóstico, comparado a los dos meses en zonas urbanas (p<0,001). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el tiempo hasta el diagnostico según el sexo. Sin embargo, se evidenció una mayor proporción de varones provenientes de áreas rurales (p=0,03). Los hallazgos sugieren que los individuos de áreas rurales enfrentan dificultades para recibir el diagnóstico. Por otro lado, las mujeres quizás no sean llevadas a ciudades para un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuado debido a sesgos de género en ciertas comunidades. Se subraya la importancia de mejorar el acceso a diagnósticos y tratamientos tempranos en áreas rurales.

Actualment en l'àmbit de l'educació, especialment en moda, l'integració de noves tecnologies com el metavers esdevé essencial per preparar els estudiants pels reptes del futur. Aquest treball de fi de màster té com a objectiu dissenyar i implementar un projecte d'Aprenentatge Basat en Projectes (ABP) que utilitzi el metavers, en especial, el videojoc Roblox com a eina central per a la presentació de col·leccions de moda. L'ABP es desenvoluparà en el marc del mòdul de síntesi del CFGM de Confecció i Moda i el CFGS de Patronatge i modal. A través d'aquesta metodologia, es pretén fomentar la col·laboració, la innovació i la competència digital dels estudiants, alhora que se'ls prepara per a les tendències emergents de la indústria de la moda. Els estudiants treballaran en equips mixts dels dos cicles formatius per crear col·leccions de moda virtuals, promovent així l'ús efectiu de les TIC en el seu aprenentatge i desenvolupament professional.

This study introduces a transformative approach in longline fisheries, employing YOLO v7 object detection algorithm for real-time, automated sizing of hake. We have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model based on Yolo v7 that classifies captured specimen of hake into four commercial size categories, applicable to recorded or live-streaming video from on-board cameras in a new electronic monitoring (EM) system concept called iObserver Lite. This dual applicability demonstrates the model’s adaptability to different operational scenarios. Obtained results reveal the YOLO v7-based model’s outstanding accuracy in hake size detection, maintaining high precision in both controlled and real daily fishing activity environments. This performance is pivotal for real-time inventory management and offers the potential for advanced fishery analytics and real-time fish auction sales even before landing the catches. Moreover, by providing instantaneous catch size data, the technology aids in optimizing fishing efforts and supports sustainable fishing practices. The integration of YOLO v7 in longline fishing represents a significant technological leap, enhancing operational efficiency and contributing to achieving sustainable fishery management soon. This breakthrough showcases the vast potential of artificial vision and AI in revolutionizing the fishing industry, heralding a new era towards efficiency and sustainability of fishing activity regarding marine resource exploitation., Peer Reviewed

En un centre educatiu on es realitzen les pràctiques, s'està desenvolupant un projecte per implicar els alumnes de 1r del CFGS Laboratori d'anàlisi i de control de qualitat (CFGS LACQ) i els alumnes de 2n del CFGM d'Operacions de laboratori (CFGM OL). Actualment, el centre no disposa d'equips per realitzar assajos no destructius de metalls. La tècnica d'excitació d'impuls (IET), àmpliament utilitzada en la indústria, és poc explorada en els centres educatius per l'alt cost dels equips. Els investigadors (Massara et al., 2021a) han desenvolupat un equip de baix cost per dur a terme aquests assajos. El projecte es desenvolupa en dues fases: la primera consisteix en la presentació dels assajos no destructius als alumnes de CFGS LACQ, amb l'objectiu d'aprendre un nou assaig i comprendre'l matemàticament. La segona fase involucra els alumnes de CFGS LACQ en el trasllat de la informació als alumnes de CFGM OL, amb l'objectiu de millorar les competències matemàtiques dels alumnes de CFGM OL i observar si un canvi d'interlocutor millora la comprensió dels conceptes. Aquest enfocament pedagògic pretén determinar si la col·laboració entre diferents nivells educatius pot enriquir l'experiència d'aprenentatge i identificar els problemes relatius a les competències matemàtiques dels estudiants.

Fire-induced changes in vegetation composition due to fire-regime intensification are leading to alterations in ecosystem services that might threaten their future sustainability. Fire recurrence, in particular, could be a key driver shaping ecosystem service resilience in fire-prone ecosystems. This study evaluates the impact of fire recurrence, over twenty-four years, on the potential supply capacity of ten regulating, provisioning, and cultural services selected as critical services by stakeholders and experts. We assessed fire effects in four fire-prone landscapes dominated by species with different functional-traits response to fire (i.e., obligate seeder vs resprouter species). Trends in the potential supply capacity linked to fire recurrence were estimated by applying a supervised classification of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) classes performed using Landsat imagery, associated to an ecosystem service capacity matrix adapted to the local socio-ecological context. In landscapes dominated by seeders, fire recurrence broke off the potential supply capacity of services traditionally associated to mature forest cover (i.e., the predicted probability of a decrease in the potential supply capacity of climate regulation, timber, wood fuel, mushroom production, tourism, landscape aesthetic, and cultural heritage occurred with high fire recurrence). In landscapes dominated by resprouter species, the effect of fire recurrence was partially buffered in the short-term after fire and no substantial differences in trends of change were found (i.e., equal predicted probability in the potential supply capacity of ecosystem services regardless of fire recurrence). We detected two new opportunities for ecosystems service supply associated to fire recurrence: livestock and honey production, especially in sites dominated by seeders. These findings provide valuable information aiming at recovering post-fire ecosystem service potential supply to partially counterbalance the loss

The deep-sea remains the biggest challenge to biodiversity exploration, and anthropogenic disturbances extend well into this realm, calling for urgent management strategies. One of the most diverse, productive, and vulnerable ecosystems in the deep sea are sponge grounds. Currently, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is revolutionising the field of biodiversity monitoring, yet complex deep-sea benthic ecosystems remain challenging to assess even with these novel technologies. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of whole-community metabarcoding to characterise metazoan diversity in sponge grounds across the North Atlantic by leveraging the natural eDNA sampling properties of deep-sea sponges themselves. We sampled 97 sponge tissues from four species across four North-Atlantic biogeographic regions in the deep sea and screened them using the universal COI barcode region. We recovered unprecedented levels of taxonomic diversity per unit effort, especially across the phyla Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata and Porifera, with at least 406 metazoan species found in our study area. These assemblages identify strong spatial patterns in relation to both latitude and depth, and detect emblematic species currently employed as indicators for these vulnerable habitats. The remarkable performance of this approach in different species of sponges, in different biogeographic regions and across the whole animal kingdom, illustrates the vast potential of natural samplers as high-resolution biomonitoring solutions for highly diverse and vulnerable deep-sea ecosystems. eDNA collected by sponges recapitulates the composition and structure of metazoan communities of the North Atlantic deep sea and can be used for monitoring of vulnerable marine ecosystems.

Current environmental crises call for an integrated knowledge of landscapes and their ecosystems in a broader sense. This article presents a pedagogical framework for cross-disciplinary landscape research at postgraduate level. The framework is grounded in the use of geospatial epistemic discomfort as a creative force to develop and enhance inquiry skills able to cross and merge disciplinary boundaries. Developed within the Erasmus+ KA2 project “CROSSLAND”, the pedagogical framework is based on the scaffolding of epistemic discomfort through four key didactic elements: 1) cross-disciplinary group work and open-ended assignment, 2) in-field inquiry as pre-training on space-time, 3) replacement of traditional lectures by student-led seminars, 4) GIS labs centred on the exploration of cross-disciplinary portfolios of geospatial approaches and methods given as worked-out examples. Main results from the evaluation of the framework implementation in a Summer School show how learning cross-disciplinarity happened thanks to a scaffolding that allowed, first and foremost, the socialisation of different conceptualisations of space. While students felt at ease with geospatial epistemic discomfort, we can conclude that spatial cognitive processes are powerful in improving abilities beyond the spatial domain.

The deep-sea remains the biggest challenge to biodiversity exploration, and anthropogenic disturbances extend well into this realm, calling for urgent management strategies. One of the most diverse, productive, and vulnerable ecosystems in the deep sea are sponge grounds. Currently, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is revolutionising the field of biodiversity monitoring, yet complex deep-sea benthic ecosystems remain challenging to assess even with these novel technologies. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of whole-community metabarcoding to characterise metazoan diversity in sponge grounds across the North Atlantic by leveraging the natural eDNA sampling properties of deep-sea sponges themselves. We sampled 97 sponge tissues from four species across four North-Atlantic biogeographic regions in the deep sea and screened them using the universal COI barcode region. We recovered unprecedented levels of taxonomic diversity per unit effort, especially across the phyla Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata and Porifera, with at least 406 metazoan species found in our study area. These assemblages identify strong spatial patterns in relation to both latitude and depth, and detect emblematic species currently employed as indicators for these vulnerable habitats. The remarkable performance of this approach in different species of sponges, in different biogeographic regions and across the whole animal kingdom, illustrates the vast potential of natural samplers as high-resolution biomonitoring solutions for highly diverse and vulnerable deep-sea ecosystems. eDNA collected by sponges recapitulates the composition and structure of metazoan communities of the North Atlantic deep sea and can be used for monitoring of vulnerable marine ecosystems.

Current environmental crises call for an integrated knowledge of landscapes and their ecosystems in a broader sense. This article presents a pedagogical framework for cross-disciplinary landscape research at postgraduate level. The framework is grounded in the use of geospatial epistemic discomfort as a creative force to develop and enhance inquiry skills able to cross and merge disciplinary boundaries. Developed within the Erasmus+ KA2 project “CROSSLAND”, the pedagogical framework is based on the scaffolding of epistemic discomfort through four key didactic elements: 1) cross-disciplinary group work and open-ended assignment, 2) in-field inquiry as pre-training on space-time, 3) replacement of traditional lectures by student-led seminars, 4) GIS labs centred on the exploration of cross-disciplinary portfolios of geospatial approaches and methods given as worked-out examples. Main results from the evaluation of the framework implementation in a Summer School show how learning cross-disciplinarity happened thanks to a scaffolding that allowed, first and foremost, the socialisation of different conceptualisations of space. While students felt at ease with geospatial epistemic discomfort, we can conclude that spatial cognitive processes are powerful in improving abilities beyond the spatial domain.

The deep-sea remains the biggest challenge to biodiversity exploration, and anthropogenic disturbances extend well into this realm, calling for urgent management strategies. One of the most diverse, productive, and vulnerable ecosystems in the deep sea are sponge grounds. Currently, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is revolutionising the field of biodiversity monitoring, yet complex deep-sea benthic ecosystems remain challenging to assess even with these novel technologies. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of whole-community metabarcoding to characterise metazoan diversity in sponge grounds across the North Atlantic by leveraging the natural eDNA sampling properties of deep-sea sponges themselves. We sampled 97 sponge tissues from four species across four North-Atlantic biogeographic regions in the deep sea and screened them using the universal COI barcode region. We recovered unprecedented levels of taxonomic diversity per unit effort, especially across the phyla Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata and Porifera, with at least 406 metazoan species found in our study area. These assemblages identify strong spatial patterns in relation to both latitude and depth, and detect emblematic species currently employed as indicators for these vulnerable habitats. The remarkable performance of this approach in different species of sponges, in different biogeographic regions and across the whole animal kingdom, illustrates the vast potential of natural samplers as high-resolution biomonitoring solutions for highly diverse and vulnerable deep-sea ecosystems. eDNA collected by sponges recapitulates the composition and structure of metazoan communities of the North Atlantic deep sea and can be used for monitoring of vulnerable marine ecosystems.

Current environmental crises call for an integrated knowledge of landscapes and their ecosystems in a broader sense. This article presents a pedagogical framework for cross-disciplinary landscape research at postgraduate level. The framework is grounded in the use of geospatial epistemic discomfort as a creative force to develop and enhance inquiry skills able to cross and merge disciplinary boundaries. Developed within the Erasmus+ KA2 project “CROSSLAND”, the pedagogical framework is based on the scaffolding of epistemic discomfort through four key didactic elements: 1) cross-disciplinary group work and open-ended assignment, 2) in-field inquiry as pre-training on space-time, 3) replacement of traditional lectures by student-led seminars, 4) GIS labs centred on the exploration of cross-disciplinary portfolios of geospatial approaches and methods given as worked-out examples. Main results from the evaluation of the framework implementation in a Summer School show how learning cross-disciplinarity happened thanks to a scaffolding that allowed, first and foremost, the socialisation of different conceptualisations of space. While students felt at ease with geospatial epistemic discomfort, we can conclude that spatial cognitive processes are powerful in improving abilities beyond the spatial domain.

Producción Científica, La música compuesta por José Luis Turina de Santos (Madrid, 1952) se ha valorado como un buen ejemplo de postmodernismo musical español debido a su eclecticismo, su tendencia a las re-lecturas del pasado musical y la integración de elementos técnica y poéticamente heterogéneos en una descripción irónica del canon musical, al que revisita. Sus obras actualizan significados que surgieron hace siglos por medio de la cita y de la metamúsica y siguen mecanismos tradicionales, identificados como tópicos, para preservar la comunicación con el público. Este artículo tiene como objetivo el análisis de tres composiciones que comparten esta perspectiva, de evidentes implicaciones intertextuales, desde la teoría de los tópicos. Más concretamente, examina en la música de Turina la consideración de la fantasía como un tópico postmoderno, por cuanto funciona para redefinir su diálogo con el pasado a través de un lenguaje ecléctico expresado como un juego intelectual. Así, se analizan la Fantasía sobre «Don Giovanni», para piano a cuatro manos (1981), y las orquestales Fantasía sobre una Fantasía de Alonso de Mudarra (1989) y Fantasía sobre doce notas (1994), que, respectivamente, se refieren a la ópera clásica homónima, escrita por Mozart, una pieza renacentista para arpa, y tanto la técnica de la Segunda Escuela de Viena como el abuelo del músico, Joaquín Turina —otro compositor también reconocido, compañero generacional andaluz de Falla—. En estas composiciones dialógicas se verifica un triple giro creativo (de género, timbre y estilo) que añade nuevos significados a los originales. Al enfatizarse cómo impacta sobre su significado el tópico de la fantasía, se explica cómo tras las estrategias compositivas que articulan estas piezas recientes puede detectarse una sensibilidad postmoderna.

Producción Científica, La trayectoria musical de Roberto Gerhard (1896-1970) es una de las más singulares entre los compositores de su tiempo. Formado tempranamente con Granados, se convirtió en el último gran discípulo de Felipe Pedrell (1841-1922) –maestro de Albéniz, Granados y Falla–, quien le inculcó los valores de un nacionalismo musical español asentado sobre el conocimiento de tres pilares: el patrimonio histórico musical, el folclore de tradición oral y la puesta al día con los lenguajes de las vanguardias contemporáneas. Precisamente desde tal afán, a su fallecimiento buscó un nuevo modelo, que halló en la figura de Arnold Schönberg (1874-1951), de quien fue su único discípulo directo nacido en España. Conoció al maestro vienés cuando este comenzó a experimentar con su método dodecafónico, basado en la serie de doce notas. Con un posicionamiento estético próximo al entorno generacional del 27, retornó a España para traer a Barcelona a Schöenberg y Webern al festival de la Sociedad Internacional para la Música Contemporánea (1936), pero su proximidad a la Segunda Repúblca propició que, tras el estallido de la Guerra Civil, emprendiese un exilio que lo condujo hasta el Reino Unido, donde continuó desarrollando su carrera. Allí produjo una obra crecientemente experimental y reconocida, donde, no obstante, late un casi constante debate identitario entre sus distintos referentes artísticos. De su capacidad para integrar en un lenguaje sumamente personal los diálogos con músicas del pasado, los ecos de las diversas tradiciones folclóricas españolas y una original lectura del método dodecafónico es fruto un conjunto de composiciones donde, especialmente durante los años cuarenta y cincuenta, puede rastrearse su transición desde postulados más marcadamente vinculados al nacionalismo españolista de corte neoclásico hacia un vanguardismo arraigado en el empleo de la serie. Testimonio de ese proceso de transición entre el apego por la tradición enraizada en el pasado histórico y la puesta

Problemställning: Antalet företagskonkurser ökar, historiska och aktuella händelser har visat att SME är särskilt sårbara under ekonomiska kriser. Händelserna har lett till ökad uppmärksamhet kring sårbarhet för SME och det finns en problematik som behöver undersökas. Därför identifierar och analyserar studien specifika variabler som ligger bakom konkurserna i SME. Syfte: Beskriva och analysera företagsspecifika variabler som förklarar konkurser av små och medelstora företag (SME). Metod: Studien använder en positivistisk forskningsstrategi genom kvantitativ metod samt en deduktiv ansats. Som följd genomförs en logistisk regressionsanalys för att analysera hur olika företagsvariabler påverkar konkurs hos små och medelstora företag. Slutsats: Studien tyder på att avkastningen på eget kapital (ROE), räntetäckningsgrad och kapitalets omsättningshastighet är signifikanta variabler för att förutsäga konkurs hos små och medelstora företag (SME). Däremot hade skuldsättningsgraden inget betydande samband.

[Abstract] Background: Transesophageal echocardiogram probe insertion in intubated critically ill patients can be difficult, leading to complications, such as gastric bleeding or lesions in the oropharyngeal mucosa. We hypothesised that the use of a videolaryngoscope would facilitate the first attempt at insertion of the transesophageal echocardiogram probe and would decrease the incidence of complications compared to the conventional insertion technique. Methods: In this clinical trial, patients were randomly assigned the insertion of a transesophageal echocardiogram probe using a videolaryngoscope or conventional technique. The primary outcome was the successful transesophageal echocardiogram probe insertion on the first attempt. The secondary outcomes included total success rate, number of insertion attempts, and incidence of pharyngeal complications. Results: A total of 100 intubated critically ill patients were enrolled. The success rate of transesophageal echocardiogram probe insertion on the first attempt was higher in the videolaryngoscope group than in the conventional group (90% vs. 58%; absolute difference, 32%; 95% CI 16%-48%; p < 0.001). The overall success rate was higher in the videolaryngoscope group than in the conventional group (100% vs. 72%; absolute difference, 28%; 95% CI 16%-40%; p < 0.001). The incidence of pharyngeal mucosal injury was smaller in the videolaryngoscope group than in the conventional group (14% vs. 52%; absolute difference, 38%; 95% CI 21%-55%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our study showed that in intubated critically ill patients required transesophageal echocardiogram, the use of videolaryngoscope resulted in higher successful insertion on the first attempt with lower rate of complications when compared with the conventional insertion technique.

[Resumen]: Aun cuando sus orígenes se remontan a 1810 con la fundación del Cuerpo de Estado Mayor (Baldovín 2001), el Servicio Geográfico del Ejército (SGE) español desarrolla su actividad entre 1939-1998, años de su creación-recentralización en el Centro Geográfico del Ejército (CGE). El conocimiento detallado del territorio pasa por distintas fases, en algunas de las cuales el Ejército se convierte en actor principal, tales como: la exploración, la construcción y la representación. Si hay que destacar alguna, sería esta última, debido a la importancia estratégica que supone poder contar con buenos mapas de los posibles teatros de operaciones. A lo largo de su existencia, el SGE ha dedicado la mayor parte de sus esfuerzos a la elaboración de diferente cartografía (Mapa Topográfico Nacional, Mapa militar de España a 1:200.000; nueva serie L a 1:50.000; nueva cartografía normalizada OTAN 1:250.00, 1:500.000 y 1:1.000.000), realizada bien individualmente o bien en colaboración con otras instituciones (Instituto Geográfico). Razones de diferente carácter: político, económico, estratégico o incluso tecnológicas pueden haber influido en la recentralización del SGE en el CGE. El objetivo principal de esta comunicación es el de poner en valor la labor desarrollada por el SGE en relación con la representación del territorio.

[Abstract]: The goal of this paper is to develop 2nd order Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta (IMEX-RK) finite volume (FV) schemes for solving 1d parabolic PDEs for option pricing, with possible nonlinearities in the source and advection terms. The spatial semi-discretization of the advection is carried out by combining finite volume methods with 2nd order state reconstructions; while the diffusive terms are discretized using second order finite differences. The time integration is performed by means of IMEX-RK time integrators: the advection is treated explicitly, and the diffusion, implicitly. The obtained numerical schemes have several advantages: they are computationally very efficient, thanks to the implicit discretization of the diffusion in the IMEX-RK time integrators, that allows to overcome the strict time step restriction; they yield second order accuracy for even nonlinear problems and with non-regular initial conditions; and they can be extended to higher order.

[Abstract]: We present a novel and general methodology for building second order finite volume implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta numerical schemes for solving two dimensional financial parabolic PDEs with mixed derivatives. The methods achieve second order convergence even in the presence of non-regular initial conditions. The IMEX time integrator allows to overcome the tiny time-step induced by the diffusive term in the explicit schemes, also providing accurate and non-oscillatory approximations of the Greeks.

[Abstract] Introduction: There is uncertainty about the optimal videolaryngoscope for awake tracheal intubation in patients with anticipated difficult airway. The use of channelled and unchannelled videolaryngoscopy has been reported, but there is a lack of evidence on which is the best option. Methods: We conducted a randomised clinical trial to compare the efficacy of the C-MAC D-Blade® vs. Airtraq® in adult patients (aged ≥ 18 y) scheduled for elective or emergency surgery under general anaesthesia with anticipated difficult airway who required awake tracheal intubation under local anaesthesia and conscious sedation. The primary endpoint was the first-attempt tracheal intubation success rate. Secondary outcomes included the overall success rate; number of tracheal intubation attempts; Cormack and Lehane glottic view; level of difficulty (visual analogue score); patient discomfort (visual analogue score); and incidence of complications. Results: Ninety patients (70/90 male (78%); mean (SD) age 65 (12) y) with anticipated difficult airways were randomly allocated to C-MAC D-Blade or Airtraq videolaryngoscopy. First-attempt successful tracheal intubation rate was higher in patients allocated to the C-MAC D-Blade group compared with those allocated to the Airtraq group (38/45 (84%) vs. 28/45 (62%), respectively; p = 0.006). The proportion of patients' tracheas that were intubated at the second and third attempt was 4/45 (9%) and 3/45 (7%) in those allocated to the C-MAC D-Blade group compared with 14/45 (31%) and 1/45 (2%) in those allocated to the Airtraq group (p = 0.006). There was no significant difference in overall tracheal intubation success rate (C-MAC D-Blade group 45/45 (100%) vs. Airtraq group 43/45 (96%), p = 0.494). Discussion: In patients with anticipated difficult airway, first-attempt awake tracheal intubation success rate was higher with the C-MAC D-Blade compared with Airtraq laryngoscopy. No difference was found between the two videolaryngoscopes i

[Resumen]: Evolución histórica de la jardinería y de la arquitectura del paisaje. Razón, elementos e influencias en la ciudad contemporánea.Investigación en la que se cree como algo fundamental llegar a los orígenes de lo que el significado de “jardín” representaba para las culturas ancestrales, además de desentrañar su concepto a través de la religión y de la mitología. Se demuestra al mismo tiempo que el solo hecho de plantar un árbol o hierba en un espacio no genera por si solo un jardín, se necesita una intencionalidad más profunda para que este término adquiera su verdadera dimensión y razón de ser. Se analiza, asimismo, el alcance dimensional que ha tenido la historia de la jardinería como germen para el modelaje y adecuación del entorno, transformándose, de ese modo en un concepto más amplio y contemporáneo como es la “arquitectura del paisaje”.La cultura del paisaje no solo se refiere a la preservación y visualización de espacios ricos en biodiversidad, si bien, en su inmensa mayoría de carácter antrópico, puesto que paisajes hay muchos, tantos como nuestra visión del territorio pueda abarcar, de tal modo que, a los paisajes naturales, hay que añadir, los paisajes industriales y el paisaje urbano, en el cuál centraremos nuestra atención. Así pues, en un mundo cada vez más digitalizado y estresante, en el cuál el crecimiento desmedido del espacio urbano ha bloqueado todo intento de aproximación a la naturaleza, la arquitectura del paisaje o paisajismo, para abreviar, tiene una importante tarea en lo que respecta a atraer esa biodiversidad hacia la ciudad e integrarse armónicamente en ella, devolviendo al hombre ese íntimo contacto con los espacios verdes que no solo contribuyen a mejorar su estado mental, psicológico y espiritual, sino que en el conjunto del espacio urbano contribuyen a modificar este en aras de conseguir que dicho conjunto sea mucho más saludable, habitable, eficiente , ecológico y sostenible.Para llegar a esos objetivos, se hace necesario, [Resumo]: Evolución histórica da xardinería e da paisaxe. Razón, elementos e influencias na cidade contemporánea.Investigación na que se cre que é fundamental chegar ás orixes do que o significado de “xardín” representou para as culturas ancestrais, ademais de desentrañar o seu concepto a través da relixión e a mitoloxía. Asemade, demóstrase que o mero feito de plantar unha árbore ou herba nun espazo non xera un xardín por si só, é necesaria unha intención máis profunda para que este termo adquira a súa verdadeira dimensión e razón de ser. Tamén se analiza o alcance dimensional que a historia da xardinería tivo como semente para a modelización e adaptación do medio, transformándose así nun concepto máis amplo e contemporáneo como é a “arquitectura da paisaxe”.A cultura da paisaxe non só se refire á preservación e visualización de espazos ricos en biodiversidade, aínda que, na súa inmensa maioría de carácter antrópico, xa que son moitas as paisaxes, tantas como a nosa visión do territorio pode abarcar, nun xeito que, Ás paisaxes naturais, hai que engadir as paisaxes industriais e a paisaxe urbana, nas que centraremos a nosa atención. Así, nun mundo cada vez máis dixitalizado e estresante, no que o crecemento excesivo do espazo urbano bloqueou calquera intento de achegamento á natureza, á arquitectura paisaxística ou ao paisaxismo, en definitiva, ten unha tarefa importante en canto a atraer esa biodiversidade á cidade e integrala. harmoniosamente nel, restituíndolle ao home ese contacto íntimo cos espazos verdes que non só contribúen a mellorar o seu estado psíquico, psicolóxico e espiritual, senón que tamén contribúen a modificar o espazo urbano no seu conxunto, co fin de facer o devandito complexo moito máis saudable, habitable, eficiente, ecolóxico e sostible.Para acadar estes obxectivos cómpre, pois, reler a fondo a historia e rescatar aqueles conceptos sobre o verde que os antigos coñecían e dos que nos privou a nosa sociedade "evolucionada" e mal denominada "ben, [Abstract]: Historical evolution of gardening and landscape architecture. Reason, elements and influences in a contemporary city.This research believes as fundamental to dig into the origin of the meaning of "garden" for ancestral cultures and to unravel it through religion and mythology. At the same time, it demonstrates that the mere fact of planting a tree or grass in a space does not generate a garden by itself. A deeper intention is needed for this term to achieve its real dimension and reason for being. It also analyzes the dimensional scope that the history of gardening has had as a germ for modeling and adaptation of the environment, thus transforming itself into a wider and more contemporary concept such as "landscape architecture".The culture of the landscape not only refers to the preservation and visualization of spaces rich in biodiversity, which are mainly of an anthropic nature, because there are many landscapes. There are as many as our vision of the territory can cover. That is why to natural landscapes, we must add industrial landscapes and urban landscape, on which our attention will be focused. Thus, in an increasingly digitized and stressful world, where the massive growth of urban space has blocked any attempt to approach nature, landscape architecture or landscaping. In short, It has an important task in regards to attract that biodiversity to the city and to be able to integrate itself harmoniously and to restore to human beings the intimate contact with green spaces that not only contribute to improve their mental, psychological and spiritual state, but it also helps to modify the urban space as a whole and to make said complex much healthier, habitable,efficient, ecological and sustainable.In order to reach these goals, it is therefore necessary to reread history in depth and rescue those concepts about green that the ancients knew and that our "evolved" and misnamed "well-being" society has deprived us of. The approach to these great cultu

The deep-sea remains the biggest challenge to biodiversity exploration, and anthropogenic disturbances extend well into this realm, calling for urgent management strategies. One of the most diverse, productive, and vulnerable ecosystems in the deep sea are sponge grounds. Currently, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is revolutionising the field of biodiversity monitoring, yet complex deep-sea benthic ecosystems remain challenging to assess even with these novel technologies. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of whole-community metabarcoding to characterise metazoan diversity in sponge grounds across the North Atlantic by leveraging the natural eDNA sampling properties of deep-sea sponges themselves. We sampled 97 sponge tissues from four species across four North-Atlantic biogeographic regions in the deep sea and screened them using the universal COI barcode region. We recovered unprecedented levels of taxonomic diversity per unit effort, especially across the phyla Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata and Porifera, with at least 406 metazoan species found in our study area. These assemblages identify strong spatial patterns in relation to both latitude and depth, and detect emblematic species currently employed as indicators for these vulnerable habitats. The remarkable performance of this approach in different species of sponges, in different biogeographic regions and across the whole animal kingdom, illustrates the vast potential of natural samplers as high-resolution biomonitoring solutions for highly diverse and vulnerable deep-sea ecosystems. eDNA collected by sponges recapitulates the composition and structure of metazoan communities of the North Atlantic deep sea and can be used for monitoring of vulnerable marine ecosystems.

One of the hallmarks of the current efforts in the field of thermal energy is heat transfer enhancement. Ionanofluids (INFs), a combination of nanomaterials and ionic liquids (ILs), are an appealing category of thermal fluids. In this work, we introduce sustainable INFs composed of carbon dots derived from Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) dispersed in a mixture of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL1) and 1-(4-sulfobutyl)-3-methylimidazolium triflate (IL2). The syntheses were performed at mild conditions, with reaction times of 3, 4, and 5 h, and without purification steps. The INFs display room-temperature emission in the visible spectral range with quantum yield values up to 0.09 and are essentially viscous fluids (G″ > G′). A marked shear thinning behavior is observed at high shear rates, particularly for the systems SFIL1IL2-3h and SFIL1IL2-4h. The INFs demonstrate relatively high heat capacity and thermal conductivity values in comparison to state-of-the-art INFs. Under suitable illumination conditions, the INFs can convert light into heat in an efficient manner, with photothermal conversion efficiencies of up to 28%, similar to other reported INFs. SFIL1IL2-5h exhibits remarkable stability over time within the range of working temperatures. This work paves the way for the development of new thermal fluids for enhanced heat transfer technologies using sustainable synthesis routes and natural raw precursor materials.

[Resumen] Describimos una serie de 11 casos en los que hemos utilizado la nueva guía de punta flexible (FlexTip) como rescate tras el fallo de un primer intento de intubación con el videolaringoscopio C-MAC D-Blade en nuestra UCI. Durante un periodo de 16 meses se recogieron datos de todas las intubaciones donde se utilizó el videolaringoscopio C-MAC D-Blade. Noventa y un pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio, donde 79 (86,8%) fueron intubados al primer intento, 11 (12,1%) necesitaron 2 intentos, y un paciente necesitó 3 intentos. Entre los 12 pacientes que necesitaron más de un intento de intubación, en un paciente se utilizó una guía «Frova», y en el resto, la nueva guía de punta flexible (FlexTip). En la presente investigación observamos que la nueva guía de punta flexible (FlexTip) puede ser una buena opción para aquellos casos en los que con un videolaringoscopio no somos capaces de intubar en el primer intento., [Abstract] We describe a series of 11 cases in which we used the new flexible tip (FlexTip) bougie as a rescue device following first-attempt failure at intubation with the C-MAC D-Blade video laryngoscope in our UCI. We collected data from all intubations performed using the C-MAC D-Blade video laryngoscope over a 16-month period. Ninety six patients were included in the study: 79 (86.8%) were intubated at the first attempt; 11 (12.1%) required 2 attempts; and one patient required 3 attempts. The Frova Intubating Introducer was used in one of the 12 patients requiring more than one intubation attempt, and the FlexTip was used in the remaining 11. This study shows that the new FlexTip bougie is a good rescue device when the first attempt at video laryngoscope intubation fails.

The study investigated the impact of resveratrol (RES) on bull sperm cryopreservation employing conventional slow (CS) and ultra-rapid (UR) freezing methods on sperm quality and in vitro fertility. Twenty-four ejaculates from four bulls were divided into four groups based on the cryopreservation method and RES addition: CS-RES (n = 80), CS-Co (n = 80), UR-RES (n = 24), and UR-Co (n = 24). The CS freezing involved exposing sperm straws with 5% glycerol to liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapors, while UR freezing submerged sperm drops with 100 mM sucrose directly into LN2. Overall, sperm kinematic parameters and integrity of plasma and acrosome membranes significantly decreased (P < 0.001) after cryopreservation. Post-thaw values of motilities (total [TM] and progressive [PSM]), velocities (curvilinear and straight-line), beat cross frequency (BCF), and sperm with intact plasma membrane/intact acrosome (PI-/PNA-) were higher (P < 0.05) with CS-RES and CS-Co treatments compared to UR-RES and UR-Co treatments. CS-RES treatment resulted in greater percentages (P < 0.05) of TM, PSM, PI-/PNA-, and fertility (blastocyst rate) than their control, CS-Co; while UR-RES showed higher BCF values (P < 0.05) than its control, UR-Co. Additionally, UR-RES treatment exhibited lower oxidative stress percentages than UR-Co (P < 0.05). This study presents the following conclusions: (1) the CS freezing resulted in better cryosurvival of bull sperm than UR freezing; (2) the RES supplementation to CS freezing medium improved sperm motility, membrane integrity, and fertility; and (3) despite low cryosurvival sperm and fertility, the RES addition to ultra-rapid freezing medium reduced oxidative stress.

Bariatric surgery procedures have significantly increased worldwide and have evolved from open surgery to laparoscopic surgery. Although complication and mortality rates have decreased, 40% of patients still face postoperative complications. This descriptive study aimed to describe the indications, techniques, and complications of bariatric surgery in the treatment of obesity. An exhaustive search was conducted in Pubmed and ScienceDirect using the PICO strategy. Then, 199 articles published between 2018 and 2022 were included, of which 44 met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results showed that bariatric surgery is effective in the treatment of morbid obesity and its comorbidities. Bariatric procedures are classified according to their mechanism of action as restrictive, malabsorptive, or mixed. The main indication for its adoption was having a BMI of ≥ 40 kg/m2 or BMI > 35 kg/m2 following comorbidities. In addition, it is important to consider the complications after this type of operation, which can be classified as early, like bleeding (23%), anastomotic leak (18%), and anastomotic stenosis (11%), and late, like hernias (21%), stenosis, and marginal ulceration (12%). Studies indicate that bariatric surgery causes significant weight loss in the medium term (%EWL: ≥ 70% and %TWL: ≥ 30%) and long term (%EWL: ≥ 50% and %TWL: ≥ 30%); in addition, it improves obesity-related comorbidities. However, it is also necessary to apply an individualized and multidisciplinary approach to each patient.

Current environmental crises call for an integrated knowledge of landscapes and their ecosystems in a broader sense. This article presents a pedagogical framework for cross-disciplinary landscape research at postgraduate level. The framework is grounded in the use of geospatial epistemic discomfort as a creative force to develop and enhance inquiry skills able to cross and merge disciplinary boundaries. Developed within the Erasmus+ KA2 project “CROSSLAND”, the pedagogical framework is based on the scaffolding of epistemic discomfort through four key didactic elements: 1) cross-disciplinary group work and open-ended assignment, 2) in-field inquiry as pre-training on space-time, 3) replacement of traditional lectures by student-led seminars, 4) GIS labs centred on the exploration of cross-disciplinary portfolios of geospatial approaches and methods given as worked-out examples. Main results from the evaluation of the framework implementation in a Summer School show how learning cross-disciplinarity happened thanks to a scaffolding that allowed, first and foremost, the socialisation of different conceptualisations of space. While students felt at ease with geospatial epistemic discomfort, we can conclude that spatial cognitive processes are powerful in improving abilities beyond the spatial domain.

Problemställning: Antalet företagskonkurser ökar, historiska och aktuella händelser har visat att SME är särskilt sårbara under ekonomiska kriser. Händelserna har lett till ökad uppmärksamhet kring sårbarhet för SME och det finns en problematik som behöver undersökas. Därför identifierar och analyserar studien specifika variabler som ligger bakom konkurserna i SME. Syfte: Beskriva och analysera företagsspecifika variabler som förklarar konkurser av små och medelstora företag (SME). Metod: Studien använder en positivistisk forskningsstrategi genom kvantitativ metod samt en deduktiv ansats. Som följd genomförs en logistisk regressionsanalys för att analysera hur olika företagsvariabler påverkar konkurs hos små och medelstora företag. Slutsats: Studien tyder på att avkastningen på eget kapital (ROE), räntetäckningsgrad och kapitalets omsättningshastighet är signifikanta variabler för att förutsäga konkurs hos små och medelstora företag (SME). Däremot hade skuldsättningsgraden inget betydande samband.

Current environmental crises call for an integrated knowledge of landscapes and their ecosystems in a broader sense. This article presents a pedagogical framework for cross-disciplinary landscape research at postgraduate level. The framework is grounded in the use of geospatial epistemic discomfort as a creative force to develop and enhance inquiry skills able to cross and merge disciplinary boundaries. Developed within the Erasmus+ KA2 project “CROSSLAND”, the pedagogical framework is based on the scaffolding of epistemic discomfort through four key didactic elements: 1) cross-disciplinary group work and open-ended assignment, 2) in-field inquiry as pre-training on space-time, 3) replacement of traditional lectures by student-led seminars, 4) GIS labs centred on the exploration of cross-disciplinary portfolios of geospatial approaches and methods given as worked-out examples. Main results from the evaluation of the framework implementation in a Summer School show how learning cross-disciplinarity happened thanks to a scaffolding that allowed, first and foremost, the socialisation of different conceptualisations of space. While students felt at ease with geospatial epistemic discomfort, we can conclude that spatial cognitive processes are powerful in improving abilities beyond the spatial domain.

La desnutrición infantil es un problema actual multicausal y con consecuencias graves en la salud individual y pública a nivel mundial. Los niños preescolares de zonas, rurales son el grupo más vulnerable; sin embargo, no existen investigaciones enfocadas en microrregiones que aporten información veraz sobre su estado nutricional y las causas subyacentes. El objetivo de este estudio, fue determinar la prevalencia de desnutrición infantil en Tochimilco, Puebla, y precisar los determinantes que influyen en el estado nutricional, tanto internos como externos. Se realizó una evaluación nutricional con antropometría, historia clínica y dietética a 61 preescolares; se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado a 38 niños de esta población, para analizar variables sociales y ambientales con estadística descriptiva y multivariada. Se encontró que 51% se encuentran en riesgo de desnutrición, 48% presentan déficit de talla/edad y 35% padece bajo peso. Además, el tipo de localidad rural/urbana influyó en el estado nutricional; el apoyo gubernamental, también se asoció con el peso/talla y peso/ edad, especialmente el programa de becas. Los patrones de alimentación, aportan energía y macronutrimentos suficientes, pero de muy mala calidad. En conclusión, la población infantil de Tochimilco está en riesgo de desnutrición mayor al reportado y la estrategia más eficiente para erradicarla, no sólo es mejorar las condiciones de vida y carencias sociales, sino incluir el componente de educación para la alimentación.

Current environmental crises call for an integrated knowledge of landscapes and their ecosystems in a broader sense. This article presents a pedagogical framework for cross-disciplinary landscape research at postgraduate level. The framework is grounded in the use of geospatial epistemic discomfort as a creative force to develop and enhance inquiry skills able to cross and merge disciplinary boundaries. Developed within the Erasmus+ KA2 project “CROSSLAND”, the pedagogical framework is based on the scaffolding of epistemic discomfort through four key didactic elements: 1) cross-disciplinary group work and open-ended assignment, 2) in-field inquiry as pre-training on space-time, 3) replacement of traditional lectures by student-led seminars, 4) GIS labs centred on the exploration of cross-disciplinary portfolios of geospatial approaches and methods given as worked-out examples. Main results from the evaluation of the framework implementation in a Summer School show how learning cross-disciplinarity happened thanks to a scaffolding that allowed, first and foremost, the socialisation of different conceptualisations of space. While students felt at ease with geospatial epistemic discomfort, we can conclude that spatial cognitive processes are powerful in improving abilities beyond the spatial domain.

African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious disease of wild boar and domestic pigs notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health due to its high socio-economic impact. ASF is caused by the complex ASF virus (ASFV), and it can present different clinical manifestations that can be confused with other diseases; for this reason, laboratory testing is necessary for the proper diagnosis of clinically suspected animals. Despite the efforts put into it over decades, no treatment or safe vaccine is globally available, and disease control is based on early diagnosis and the implementation of strict biosecurity measures. In this context, rapid tests have the potential to accelerate and facilitate the identification of infected animals by giving fast on-site results. In this work, we improved the available point-of-care assays for the diagnosis of the disease by the development of a more specific antigen test and a more sensitive antibody test. This antibody detection test allowed for the earlier detection of infected animals than two commercial indirect ELISAs (statistically significant). Moreover, we developed a combined dual rapid test, unifying, in the same cassette, an antigen detection strip and an antibody detection strip. In this study, we confirmed that this combo approach is a useful tool for implementing rapid tests in the field since it increases the percentage of positive samples detected, even when PCR turns negative, while maintaining a good specificity.

The high potential of food waste (FW) as a substrate in the anaerobic digestion (AD) raises the dilemma between producing added value bioproducts such as volatile fatty acids (VFA) or biomethane. This work assessed the scale-up of producing VFA from FW. At lab-scale (5 L), pH 7 and organic loading rate (OLR) of 10 g COD/L/d were selected as the best conditions, obtaining a VFA yield of 36.6 % g COD-VFA/g COD substrate and a rate of 3.9 g COD-VFA/L/d. Afterwards, a semi-industrial pilot plant (1.5 m3) was operated under these conditions, showing VFA production indicators in line with those of lab scale, with acetic acid as main VFA (50 % mass basis), followed by propionic and butyric (20 % each). The economic comparative between the production of VFA and biomethane concluded that revenues from VFA production (22.9 €/t FW) are considerably higher than those from biomethane (11.7 €/t FW)

In the biological milieu, nanoparticles (NPs) interact with different biomolecules, particularly proteins, leading to the formation of an interfacial corona, which gives rise to a new biological identity affecting NP biodistribution, cytotoxicity and biological fate. The surface coating of NPs plays a key role in regulating such biocorona formation and composition. We here investigated the interactions between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine fibrinogen (FIB) with gold nanorods (Au NRs) bearing different surface coatings (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB, and carboxylic acid and amine-terminated polyethylene glycols (PEGs). It was revealed that CTAB-coated NPs interact with both proteins with high affinity (ca. 108-109 M−1) whereas for PEG ones the extent of protein binding decreases thanks to the stealth properties of PEG, but a protein corona is still formed, with binding affinities between 104-106 M−1. In addition, present results indicated that thicknesses of protein coronas and the aggregation behavior of AuNPs were closely related to their surface properties and protein structure. We also found that BSA and FIB underwent different conformational changes upon adsorption depending on the surface-modified Au NRs. Hence, these findings offered important insights into the essence of the interactions between NPs and proteins toward the development of safe and effective nanomaterials

Primium non nocere. El fin de toda asistencia sanitaria debe ser la búsqueda de la recuperación del paciente sin provocarle daños añadidos, pero esto no siempre sucede así. La evolución de la atención sanitaria, ha permitido una disminución de la morbimortalidad a lo largo de los siglos, mayor eficacia y eficiencia, mejores posibilidades terapéuticas e implementación de nuevas tecnologías; pero esto también ha incrementado la complejidad de la atención, lo que puede plantear amenazas para la Seguridad de los Pacientes (SP), aumentando el daño potencial al que se pueden ver expuestos. Las organizaciones sanitarias tienen la responsabilidad de garantizar que la atención que reciben los pacientes cumple criterios de calidad y que se realiza de forma segura, evitando o reduciendo la posibilidad de que se produzcan incidentes que puedan afectar a los pacientes. Aún así, habrá ocasiones en las que no será posible evitar que los incidentes o errores surjan, de hecho, alrededor del 10 % de los pacientes hospitalizados en el mundo presenta un Evento Adverso (EA). Es necesario alejarse de una cultura culpabilizadora, generalmente hacia el profesional que comete el error, dando paso a un enfoque sistémico que busque analizar los incidentes o errores y realizar acciones de mejora o cambios que intenten evitar que el incidente se vuelva a producir. Y para poder mejorar, en primera instancia, es necesario tener conocimiento de lo que está sucediendo, es decir, saber que incidentes se producen en los pacientes en las organizaciones sanitarias. Los sistemas de notificación de incidentes (SNI) hacen posible la notificación de estos por parte de los profesionales y permiten su análisis, lo que debe propiciar la implementación de mejoras que eviten que los incidentes se vuelvan a repetir en otros pacientes.

Key message: Pepper fruits contain two leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) genes which are differentially modulated during ripening and by nitric oxide. The LAP activity increases during ripening but is negatively modulated by nitration. Abstract: Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) is an essential metalloenzyme that cleaves N-terminal leucine residues from proteins but also metabolizes dipeptides and tripeptides. LAPs play a fundamental role in cell protein turnover and participate in physiological processes such as defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses, but little is known about their involvement in fruit physiology. This study aims to identify and characterize genes encoding LAP and evaluate their role during the ripening of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits and under a nitric oxide (NO)-enriched environment. Using a data-mining approach of the pepper plant genome and fruit transcriptome (RNA-seq), two LAP genes, designated CaLAP1 and CaLAP2, were identified. The time course expression analysis of these genes during different fruit ripening stages showed that whereas CaLAP1 decreased, CaLAP2 was upregulated. However, under an exogenous NO treatment of fruits, both genes were downregulated. On the contrary, it was shown that during fruit ripening LAP activity increased by 81%. An in vitro assay of the LAP activity in the presence of different modulating compounds including peroxynitrite (ONOO), NO donors (S-nitrosoglutathione and nitrosocyteine), reducing agents such as reduced glutathione (GSH), l-cysteine (l-Cys), and cyanide triggered a differential response. Thus, peroxynitrite and reducing compounds provoked around 50% inhibition of the LAP activity in green immature fruits, whereas cyanide upregulated it 1.5 folds. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of LAP in pepper fruits as well as of its regulation by diverse modulating compounds. Based on the capacity of LAP to metabolize dipeptides and tripeptides, it could be hypothesized that the

La desnutrición infantil es un problema actual multicausal y con consecuencias graves en la salud individual y pública a nivel mundial. Los niños preescolares de zonas, rurales son el grupo más vulnerable; sin embargo, no existen investigaciones enfocadas en microrregiones que aporten información veraz sobre su estado nutricional y las causas subyacentes. El objetivo de este estudio, fue determinar la prevalencia de desnutrición infantil en Tochimilco, Puebla, y precisar los determinantes que influyen en el estado nutricional, tanto internos como externos. Se realizó una evaluación nutricional con antropometría, historia clínica y dietética a 61 preescolares; se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado a 38 niños de esta población, para analizar variables sociales y ambientales con estadística descriptiva y multivariada. Se encontró que 51% se encuentran en riesgo de desnutrición, 48% presentan déficit de talla/edad y 35% padece bajo peso. Además, el tipo de localidad rural/urbana influyó en el estado nutricional; el apoyo gubernamental, también se asoció con el peso/talla y peso/ edad, especialmente el programa de becas. Los patrones de alimentación, aportan energía y macronutrimentos suficientes, pero de muy mala calidad. En conclusión, la población infantil de Tochimilco está en riesgo de desnutrición mayor al reportado y la estrategia más eficiente para erradicarla, no sólo es mejorar las condiciones de vida y carencias sociales, sino incluir el componente de educación para la alimentación.

We report on a measurement of astrophysical tau neutrinos with 9.7 years of IceCube data. Using convolutional neural networks trained on images derived from simulated events, seven candidate $\nu_\tau$ events were found with visible energies ranging from roughly 20 TeV to 1 PeV and a median expected parent $\nu_\tau$ energy of about 200 TeV. Considering backgrounds from astrophysical and atmospheric neutrinos, and muons from $\pi^\pm/K^\pm$ decays in atmospheric air showers, we obtain a total estimated background of about 0.5 events, dominated by non-$\nu_\tau$ astrophysical neutrinos. Thus, we rule out the absence of astrophysical $\nu_\tau$ at the $5\sigma$ level. The measured astrophysical $\nu_\tau$ flux is consistent with expectations based on previously published IceCube astrophysical neutrino flux measurements and neutrino oscillations., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters. This version includes full author list metadata