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1. The role of PMCA1 in the development of heart failure

Author: Nazir, Tahir, Kitmitto, Ashraf, and Cartwright, Elizabeth
Subjects: Heart Failure, Plasma Membrane Ca ATPase 1 (PMCA1), Transverse Aortic Constriction (TAC)
Abstract: The role of PMCA1 in the development of heart failure Heart Failure remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Whilst a number of pharmacological treatments are used in heart failure management, there is no targeted therapy available to tackle the cardiac remodelling that often precedes decompensated heart failure. Plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1 (PMCA1) is the most prevalent isoform of PMCA in the heart, and human genome wide association studies have shown a link between PMCA1 and hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Previous work from our group has provided functional evidence of the association between reduced PMCA1 expression and hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias in murine models. Our group have previously generated two novel PMCA1 mutant mouse lines using Cre/loxP technology including a cardiomyocyte specific deletion (PMCA1cko) and a global heterozygous deletion (PMCA1HT), both of which show reduced expression of PMCA1. This study was designed to explore the role played by PMCA1 in heart failure and to evaluate cardiac remodelling in mice with reduced expression of PMCA1. For this study, eight week old PMCA1cko mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation for a period of two weeks along with their age and gender-matched controls. In a separate experiment, eight week old male PMCA1HT mice and their controls were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and sham operation for a period of five weeks. In TAC procedure, the transverse aorta was ligated (over a curved blunt 27G needle) between the brachiocephalic trunk and the left common carotid artery using a surgical suture that produces approximately 25% narrowing of the aortic lumen, whilst in mice undergoing the sham operation the aorta was exposed and a surgical suture passed around it but not ligated. Echocardiogram and haemodynamic analysis were performed at the end of the experiment and animals were sacrificed. Cardiac tissue samples were collected for histology, qPCR and proteomic analysis. Under basal physiological conditions, no significant difference was found in the cardiac structure and function of the transgenic (PMCA1cko and PMCA1HT) and control mice. Two weeks after TAC, PMCA1cko mice developed decompensated heart failure with evidence of left ventricular dilatation, systolic dysfunction and pulmonary oedema, whereas the control group developed compensated myocardial hypertrophy with no heart failure. PMCA1cko mice were also found to have a significantly higher degree of myocardial fibrosis on histology examination. Expression of other calcium handling genes such as PMCA4, NCX, SERCA2 and RyR remained unchanged. On the other hand, PMCA1HT mice demonstrated development of concentric myocardial hypertrophy after five weeks TAC whilst the wildtype controls developed eccentric myocardial hypertrophy. These data show that PMCA1 plays a major role in enabling heart to adapt with pressure overload and pathological hypertrophy. That is why following its deletion, the myocardium is unable to effectively respond to the pressure overload and as a result, decompensated heart failure develops. However, the loss of single allele of PMCA1 (PMCA1HT) does not appear to affect TAC induced cardiac hypertrophy. PMCA1's protective role during the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy may help to explore novel treatment options for patients with heart failure. A mechanistic explanation for the development of dilated cardiomyopathy after PMCA1 deletion in cardiomyocytes would require further probing of the cellular pathways involved in hypertrophy and fibrosis. Future work to explore PMCA1's role should involve generation of a cardiac fibroblast specific PMCA1 knock out model to evaluate some of these pathways. Using a selective PMCA1 inhibitor such as caloxin 1b3, future TAC experiments would help to determine PMCA1's potential to be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure.
Published: 2023

2. Range uncertainty and dose uniformity in proton therapy in the presence of inhomogeneities in tissue and phantom materials

Author: Nazir, Sumaira and Hugtenburg, Richard
Abstract: Proton therapy is an emerging modality for providing radiation treatment to cancer patients. The principal advantages of proton therapy are the reduced total dose deposited into the patient as compared to conventional photon therapy and the finite range of the proton beam. It is considered as a more favorable option for optimum treatment outcomes in terms of maximising tumor control probability and minimising normal tissue complications. The depth dose distribution of the proton beam adds an additional degree of freedom to treatment planning. The range in tissue is associated with substantial uncertainties triggered by imaging, patient set-up, beam delivery and dose calculations. Therefore, reduction in uncertainties would allow to minimise the treatment volume and thus allow a better usage of the protons. However, the presence of sub-millimeter sized heterogeneities, such is pronounced in trabecular bone and lung parenchyma, in the path of the proton beam can cause the Bragg peak degradation with a widening to the distal fall-off. Additionally, the restricted resolution of a classic CT scan used in treatment planning cannot fully resolve such fine structures, potentially leading to inaccuracy in determination of the range. This work aims to investigate the presence of range uncertainties in proton therapy beams when they penetrate through the sub-millimeter sized heterogeneities. The effect of Bragg peak degradation has been demonstrated in bone models with the FLUKA Monte Carlo code and experimental measurements with a 36 MeV proton beam. The bone-substitute material, SAWBONES®, ranging in density from 0.088 to 0.48 g/cc, was used to simulate bone heterogeneities. Micro-CT images were obtained of the SAWBONES® material and used to construct Monte Carlo models of realistic proton radiotherapy treatments and to benchmark experimental studies. Broadening of the Bragg peak and shifts in the range, as defined by the d20% depth-dose parameter were observed both experimentally and in Monte Carlo models, indicating that such effects are in principle, clinically relevant in certain circumstances. Furthermore, a FLUKA Monte Carlo model is benchmarked against the Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS) golden data for proton beam therapy. This project is designed to obtain the proton dose distributions from TPS for a 10 ×10 × 10 cm3 water-filled box. A Monte Carlo analytical model is developed by utilising the information from the TPS to recalculate the dose distribution which are then compared to find any differences (if present) for different phantom materials. Due to the lack of any experimental information to measure the normalized depth dose as a function of energy, considering the general behaviour of a monitor chamber, it has been assumed that the treatment planning system has a built-in relationship between the monitor units (MU) and dose delivered. A mathematical formula is developed to find the relationship between monitor units (MU) and dose (E). MU α 1/Ea. The value of a is varied from 0 to 1. It has been observed that the beam non-uniformity calculated by using the relationship "MU = E−0.5" is only 0.15 % for water and 0.43 % for graphite. This non-uniformity in graphite is not severe and it is actually clinically acceptable. This modeling has suggested that the planned dose distributions for water can also be replaced by graphite to a reasonably acceptable standard.
Published: 2022
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3. Adaptability of skeletal muscle capillary supply and the potential for exercise-induced angiogenesis in cardiovascular disease

Author: Nazir, Mohd Hakam Bin, Egginton, Stuart, and Askew, Graham
Abstract: Exercise intolerance is prominent in diseases resulting in limb ischaemia. One characteristic is microvascular rarefaction that contributes to reduced skeletal muscle performance due to limited capillary perfusion and tissue oxygenation. Exercise training potentially stimulates capillary growth (angiogenesis), thus increasing muscle aerobic capacity, and in humans and rodents also changes fibre type towards a more oxidative phenotype. These physiological changes facilitate long periods of sustained physical work, but patients are often exercise-intolerant. Voluntary wheel running exercise (VWRE) imposes less stress on animals than other approaches, but little information is available about how this affects muscle performance and capillarity. Therefore, this thesis examines the effect of VWRE on muscle adaptation and how it may improve exercise capacity, using a comprehensive analytical approach. The first study showed increased muscle capillarity after 7-week VWRE, but activity peaked around 4 weeks. Next we found significant angiogenesis after 4 weeks VWRE accompanied by fibre hypertrophy. Optimising histological analysis for capillary markers and fibre type allowed aerobic capacity to be determined, and potential influence on muscle work quantified through oxygen transport modelling. A survey of muscles quantified inter-strain differences. The potential of exercise-induced angiogenesis for improving exercise intolerance in models of local (unilateral femoral artery ligation) and systemic (arterial stenosis) ischaemia were examined. While exercise had only a mild effect on capillarisation, it reversed impaired muscle performance in ligated (LRW) and aortic banded (ABRW) animals. The final study assessed peak aerobic capacity (V̇O2 peak) and running economy (RE) following endurance exercise. Both parameters were improved in VWRE rats due to improved musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems, and that ABRW group enhanced V̇O2 peak while LRW group only improved RE. In conclusion, these studies provide additional insight into the role of angiogenesis in muscle performance restoration of ischaemic muscle and voluntary wheel running exercise as a therapeutic intervention.
Published: 2021

4. Evaluating the significance of the learning work culture in UK's retail industry for long term business sustainability : case study of Primark UK

Author: Nazir, Hasan
Abstract: Nowadays, the competition of the retail industry has significantly increased in the UK; the majority of firms focus on maintaining the long-term sustainability by providing accurate solutions to the most common issues which are faced in the Human Resource Management department such as the creation of a competitive advantage. In order to develop a better understanding of the research topic, the case study of Primark UK is taken. The reason behind this choice of company is the presence of employees from different backgrounds and the global presence of the company in more than 370 countries (Statistica, 2019). This internationalization of the firm provides the need of development of a learning work culture. The research problem of this study is the evaluation of the relationship between the implementation of learning work culture in firms and the long-term business sustainability in the context of Primark UK. This problem is based on contemporary issue and the findings of this research can be used for managerial as well as academic implications. In addition, this study developed an understanding of the implementation of learning work culture as a factor that encourages employees and labourers to enhance their performance, increase the competition in the market, and so on. For this study, the researcher used primary as well as secondary data collection methods. Under primary data, survey questionnaire and interview methods are used for collecting fresh and first-hand data. For survey purposes, 150 employees were selected through the non-probability sampling technique who is the employees of Primark UK. For the interview, 6 managers and 6 senior employees of Primark UK were selected through the probability sampling method. Moreover, the literature review method is used as a secondary data collection. These methods have both supported to increase reliability and relevancy of the research finding. The utilization of both quantitative and qualitative data collection and data analysis methods has increased the trustworthiness of the overall research outcome. From the finding of this study, it is reflected that for creating a sustainable competitive market, the firm needs to have a learning work culture as it helps in targeting the customers as well as making an effective working environment too which includes the development of a technological environment within the organization that affects the performance of employees. The learning work culture has a major affect on firms as it helps in managing the work activities efficiently. In addition, other factors which effects the working environment have been identified such as the firm’s location, facilities, etc., and they effect significantly on the decisions and operational functions of the company. The key finding of this study is that Primark UK needs to focus on implementing the learning work culture in the international market segment and the development of market orientation behaviour as it helps the company reach its organizational goals and objectives. This study also helped in identifying the issues and challenges which affect the implementation of a learning work culture such as the change in customer needs, the innovation in technology and the changing market scenario etc. The overall outcome of the study is how the successful implementation of learning work culture will lead to the development of workplace sustainability and long-term sustainability of the company. However, this study also identified some research limitation which restricted researcher such as the size of the sample of the primary data collection. Thus, the overall study outcome is very effective for the researcher for achieving the valid outcome and future use.
Published: 2021

5. Assessment of myocardial injury using 3T MRI and potential attenuation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Author: Nazir, Sheraz Ahmed
Subjects: Myocardial injury, 3T MRI, ST-Segment Elevation, Myocardial Infarction, Thesis, Cardiovascular
Abstract: Background: Microvascular obstruction (MVO) is an important predictor of short- and longer-term outcome following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The evidence base supporting the role of adenosine and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as the most evaluated adjunctive therapies aimed at attenuating MVO and infarct size (IS), remains weak as the trials have had variable endpoints, differing drug doses and delivery. As such, the results regarding benefit are conflicting. Objectives: To determine whether intracoronary administration of adenosine or SNP following thrombus aspiration reduce IS and MVO measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients undergoing PPCI within 6h of onset of STEMI. Design and Setting: Multi-centre, prospective, randomized, controlled and open-label trial with blinded end-point analysis undertaken at four high-volume PPCI centres in the UK. Participants: Patients presenting with STEMI undergoing planned PPCI with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 0/1 flow in the infarct-related artery (IRA) and no significant bystander coronary artery disease on angiography. Interventions: Participants were allocated to three groups: (1) PPCI with adjunctive intracoronary (IC) adenosine, (2) PPCI with adjunctive IC SNP, (3) control (standard PPCI), following Bivalirudin anticoagulation and thrombus aspiration in all patients. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was IS (determined as a percentage of total left ventricular mass, LVM) measured by CMR undertaken at 48-72 hours post-PPCI. Secondary outcome measures included MVO (hypoenhancement within the infarct core) on CMR, electrocardiographic and angiographic markers of microvascular perfusion and MACE during median 6-month follow-up. The study aimed to recruit 240 patients (powered at 80% to detect a 5% absolute reduction in IS). Results: In total, 247 patients (79% male with mean age 59.3±12.3 years) were randomized and CMR was undertaken in 207 patients with 197 (80%) completing for the primary outcome. There was no significant difference in IS between groups. However, adjusting for infarct location, there was a borderline significant increase in mean IS in the adenosine group (HR 2.86, 95% CI: +0.01 to +5.72, p=0.05) compared to control. Furthermore, on per-protocol analysis, IS was increased in adenosine treated patients compared to control (12.0 vs 8.3, p=0.031). Increased LV volumes and reduced EF were also observed in the adenosine arm. There was a significant increase in MACE in patients undergoing adenosine-facilitated PPCI compared to control driven by heart failure HR 5.39 [1.18-24.60], LogRank P=0.04) at 30 days and 6 months (HR 6.53 [1.46-29.2], LogRank P=0.01) post-randomisation. Conclusions: The randomised REFLO-STEMI trial tested the potential impact of locally delivered Adenosine and SNP, using a sensitive marker (CMR), on MVO and infarct size. There was no demonstrated efficacy with either drug. However, an increase in MACE rate was observed with adenosine. Adenosine is not routinely used prophylactically and so this is unlikely to lead to any change in current guidelines. The results probably have no bearing on Adenosine used to relieve observed angiographic no-reflow although they must be noted. However, the use of high-dose intra-coronary adenosine may be associated with cardiac toxicity and should not be used routinely in the setting of PPCI to prevent reperfusion injury.
Published: 2021
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6. Stochastic volt/VAr control of power distribution systems

Author: Ul Nazir, Firdous and Pal, Bikash Chandra
Subjects: 621.31
Abstract: The increasing stochasticity in the distribution networks is rendering the traditional volt/VAr control (VVC) techniques more and more ineffective because of their basic premise that the nodal net power injections are constant throughout the optimization horizon. This results in voltage magnitude excursions outside the prescribed limits when the uncertain nodal injections exhibit an appreciable variance. This thesis acknowledges the random nature of these nodal injections, load and DG outputs, and seeks to achieve VVC solutions which are feasible for most of the scenarios in real time. Thus, two novel VVC routines are proposed viz a centralized algorithm based on chance constrained programming and a distributed algorithm based on stochastic programming. The centralized chance constrained VVC problem is solved through the scenario-based approach which requires to collect large number of scenarios, making the problem computationally intractable, from the probability spaces of the random variables and ensure that the basic constraints of the original problem are satisfied for all of these scenarios. Therefore, an algorithm is proposed which only considers very small, but properly chosen, subset of the original scenarios for optimization, and at the same time guarantees that the basic constraints for every scenario are satisfied in the original scenario set. The distributed stochastic VVC problem is solved by the alternating direction method of multipliers. This method allows the problem to be solved in a decentralized fashion by dividing the whole network into various zones and equipping each zone with a local controller. A proper coordination of the local controllers ensures the final solutions are globally optimal. The developed algorithms are tested on the 95-bus UKGDS, IEEE 123-bus system and a 190- bus system. The results show the superior performance of these methods by highly reducing the voltage violations as compared to the traditional deterministic VVC routines.
Published: 2020
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7. Design and development of injectable intraperitoneal sustained release drug delivery system for ovarian cancer

Author: Nazir, Chaudhry Zahid
Subjects: 616.99, RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Abstract: Multiple clinical trials have shown improved survival after IP (intraperitoneal) over IV (intravenous) chemotherapy in women with optimally resected ovarian cancer and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) encourages the use of IP chemotherapy. Despite this, IP chemotherapy has still not been widely accepted due to various concerns. In this PhD thesis, an injectable intraperitoneal sustained release drug delivery system has been developed for ovarian cancer to address some of these concerns hindering the clinical application of IP chemotherapy e.g. risk of chemical peritonitis due to high drug concentrations, catheter associated infections, bowel obstructions, and lack of dedicated products. The drug delivery system is comprised of paclitaxel and carboplatin encapsulated in PLGA microspheres to provide sustained release over a period of approximately 1 month after single injection. It was also intended to administer microspheres in a hydrogel to prevent microsphere clearance from peritoneal cavity and avoid inflammation and adhesions. Firstly, an intraperitoneal pharmacokinetic mathematical model was developed to support the formulation design. Secondly, various PLGA microsphere manufacturing methods were evaluated to make controlled, uniform size microspheres. The selected method was then systematically optimised by using a design of experiment (DOE) approach to achieve the particle size (D0.5) between 50 – 200 μm. Thirdly, various hydrogels were developed and/or evaluated, and their stability assessed in the simulated IP fluid at 37 °C, in the presence or absence of PLGA microspheres. Subsequently, the paclitaxel and carboplatin release rates from PLGA microspheres were optimised by using four different grades of PLGA. Finally, the preliminary IP PK mathematical model was adjusted to fit the optimised release rates and a dosage regimen for carboplatin and paclitaxel was determined. The preliminary IP PK mathematical model predicted doses of 0.84 mg and 82 mg of paclitaxel and carboplatin loaded PLGA microspheres, respectively, assuming a drug loading of 10 % w/w and a zero- order release profile. From the PLGA microsphere manufacturing method evaluation, a passive flow-focussing droplet microfluidics method was selected. However, none of the tested hydrogels was found to be physically stable in the simulated IP fluid at 37 °C, with or without PLGA microspheres. Therefore, it was decided to exclude the hydrogels from the drug delivery system and carry on the optimisation of PLGA micropsheres manufacturing method(s). The results from the optimisation of the microfluidics method by using DOE approach clearly identified the PLGA concentration in the organic phase and aqueous to organic flow ratio as the most significant factors that affected the microsphere size. The optimised conditions for the manufacture of paclitaxel loaded PLGA microspheres by single emulsion (O/W) method resulted in approximately 100 % w/w encapsulation efficiency with 10 % w/w drug loading. Whereas, for carboplatin the single emulsion (O/W) method was modified and an innovative method was developed. In this method, carboplatin was first wet-milled to make carboplatin nanocrystals which were then suspended in the organic phase to make S/O/W emulsion. The remainder of the method was same as for paclitaxel. This resulted in approximately 60 % w/w encapsulation efficiency and 6 % w/w carboplatin loading. From the release rate optimisation experiments it was found that, in general, release rates from PLGA microspheres decreased and the lag phase (i.e. no release) became longer with increasing the PLGA molecular weight (10 to 50 kDa) and/or increasing the lactide to glycolide ratio (50/50 to 75/25). Finally, by using one formulation of carboplatin and a combination of two paclitaxel formulations, IP PK mathematical model estimated that steady state therapeutic concentrations (exposure) can be maintained in the intraperitoneal cavity for at least 23 days after a single dose of 1 mg of paclitaxel and 28 days after single dose of 330 mg of carboplatin loaded PLGA microspheres. In addition, the simulated data also predicted that the exposure can be maintained for several months by administering multiple doses of paclitaxel and carboplatin (as PLGA microsphere formulations) at a dosing interval of 23 days and 28 days, respectively.
Published: 2020

8. Overcoming the deficit model : using biographical accounts of twelve Mirpuri male graduates from Bradford to understand the attainment disparity of BME students in English higher education

Author: Nazir, Mohammed Bilal, Miah, Shamim, Fisher, Roy, and Miller, Paul
Subjects: 378.1, LB Theory and practice of education, LB2300 Higher Education
Abstract: This thesis is concerned with the growing ethnic attainment disparity in English higher education (HE). Research on the subject has attempted to explain how this disparity exists and what can be done to reduce it. Generally, a binary view is presented. On the one hand, the deficit model considers the correlation between entry qualifications and degree outcomes, concluding that BME students enter universities with sub-optimal courses not possessing the skills needed to achieve good degrees. On the other hand, the argument of institutional racism posits that the attainment disparity persists after prior qualifications are accounted for, suggesting that institutional racism within universities explains the attainment disparity. This thesis argues that prior qualifications are a strong factor in the ethnic attainment gap, in addition to the university setting. To overcome the deficit model this study uses biographical narratives of twelve Mirpuri male graduates from Bradford to chart their transition from level three vocational courses into HE. The findings suggest that Mirpuri students transition from further to higher education in relation to their individualised learning biographies and by utilising forms of ethnic capital. However, prior to entry, Mirpuri students are negatively impacted by racial warehousing, and a flawed vocational curricula which does not cultivate the skills needed for HE. Within the university context it is argued that vocational degree courses possessing more traditional academic characteristics exclude Mirpuri students by tasking them to succeed in an alien educational context. This thesis stresses that though structural discrimination is a major factor to low attainment, unique Mirpuri habitus helps to navigate the stated binary of institutional structures and racial deficits.
Published: 2019

9. Islamic member state and the scrutiny of the death penalty in the Universal Periodic Review

Author: Nazir, Amna Fatima
Subjects: 340.5, BP Islam. Bahaism. Theosophy, etc., BT Doctrinal Theology, JX International law, K Law (General)
Abstract: Many Islamic countries propose legitimising the death penalty using theological and secular political reasoning. They argue that the punishment is privileged within a conception of theocracy expressed through state sovereignty and/or it is an efficacious criminal justice policy for punishing those who commit the 'most serious crimes'. This study argues that such justifications are misguided, and that the UN Human Rights Council's Universal Periodic Review (UPR) provides a cogent mechanism to provide a clearer perspective on the legitimacy of the death penalty within Islam. To investigate the claims of the erroneous theological reasoning for the death penalty, the present study uses the UPR as a methodological lens from which to scrutinise Islamic Member State reasons for the use of the punishment. The UPR is an innovative mechanism for the peer-review of the human rights record of all 193 UN Member States, and this includes the human rights implications for implementing the death penalty within Islam. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Sudan are presented as two case studies, and the work considers whether the sovereign state discourses for maintaining the death penalty are compatible with international human rights standards. The foundational assessment of this UN mechanism for assessing the Islamic use of the death penalty is then followed by an exegesis of Islamic law and presents findings on the legitimacy of Islamic state propositions for maintaining the death penalty, based on theological interpretations. It identifies a more enlightened reading of Islamic jurisprudence to provide cogent reasons for the prominence of the right to life over the Islamic Member State claims to legitimise the death penalty.
Published: 2019

10. Factors affecting e-commerce adoption among SMEs : a case study investigation of a developing economy - Pakistan

Author: Nazir, Muhammad and Zhu, Xiaoxian
Subjects: 658.4
Abstract: The main objective of this study is to increase the knowledge base on the factors affecting adoption of e-commerce in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). As such the study evaluates and extends the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework developed by Tornatzky and Fleischer (1990) by adding an individual context. A qualitative interpretative research approach is adopted with the case study as the research plan, and the philosophical approach adopted is predominantly epistemology and methodology. The context within which this study is set is SMEs within the developing economy of Pakistan. Eight case studies were chosen with three participants from each; giving a total of 24 participants. At the time of data collection, all participants were either owner-manager/chief executive officers or managers within departments. Qualitative data were collected by applying data triangulation techniques including face-to-face and telephone interviews, direct observation, documentary evidence and website content. Data were then analysed using thematic techniques. Using the extant literature and the data collected in this study (particularly in relation to the extended individual context), it is found that the following factors in particular influence the adoption (or not) of e-commerce within the participating Pakistani SMEs: (i) availability and quality of the latest ICT infrastructure units, (ii) national online readiness, (iii) internet speed, (iv) online payment security and data privacy mechanism, (v) power outages, (vi) organisational size and structure, (vii) website availability and ease of payment facility, (viii) inadequate financial and ICT skilled expertise (HR), (ix) traditional business selling methods, (x) consumer preference for cash on-delivery payments, (xi) lack of consumer confidence in e-commerce, (xii) technological awareness and education in society, (xiii) lack of government and local business institutes’ support and (xiv) owner-managers and senior management characteristics. This study contributes to the knowledge base for better understanding the adoption factors of e-commerce and supports the use of the extended TOE model. The qualitative results are useful not only for SMEs themselves, but also for policymakers, governments and local business institutes, and future researchers. In terms of the limitations of the study, the study is limited as it concerns only SMEs in three cities in Pakistan (Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi). Other qualitative and quantitative studies could include SMEs from different rural areas of Pakistan. In addition, it would be interesting to compare the results with those of other developing economies in the Southeast region.
Published: 2019

11. Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

Author: Podda, M, Di Martino, M, Pata, F, Nigri, G, Pisanu, A, Di Saverio, S, Pellino, G, Ielpo, B, Null, N, Tolla, A, Abdelkhalek, M, Emile, S, Dinagde, T, Bouzid, C, Mansour, A, Garzali, I, Aregawi, A, Zaghloul, T, Kchaou, A, Awad, S, Souadka, A, Ted, T, Saumtally, M, Ahmed, B, Bayileyegn, N, Nunziante, M, Shalaby, M, Debena, D, Zena, A, Adewunmi, O, Negasa, T, Bourguiba, M, Feituri, N, Kebede, K, Elfeki, H, Anas, A, Awad, A, Ermias, N, Hailemariam, D, Bejiga, G, Imana, R, Taffese, A, Feleke, T, Elghadban, H, Debela, B, Shiferaw, D, Tadesse, R, Chukwu, I, Mohammed, A, Hassen, K, Obiagwu, N, Tense, T, Taeme, M, Biniam, E, Tesfay, G, Tegegn, A, Teddy, T, Bekana, B, Nidaw, M, Ali, M, Gonfa, K, Kiros, S, Belay, T, Yallew, G, Wassie, C, Ayalew, A, Asfaw, F, Aimal, A, Casas, M, Madrid, F, Diaz-Elizondo, J, Merlo, I, De Campos, T, Schlottmann, F, Gomes, C, Hernández, E, Moncada-Ortega, A, Ramos-De la Medina, A, Vanerio, P, Morales, E, Stringfield, S, Gallardo, C, Fonseca, V, Muriel, M, Cantarino, F, Fichera, A, Rodriguez, A, Salinas, R, Crosbie, G, Menegozzo, C, Avellaneda, N, Briones, C, Varela, C, Lichliter, W, Koppel, D, Lenz, J, Pascual, F, Sibaja-Matamoros, D, Johnson, B, Mercado, O, Tita, A, Mukherjee, I, Lorenzo, I, Rueda, E, Rico, D, Terwes, N, Visag-Castillo, V, Escalante, K, Salvador, A, Pio, L, Rodas, E, Aguilar, J, Neri, I, Barzola, E, Barba, L, Zuchini, A, Acevedo, A, Gachabayov, M, Gonsaga, R, Bonilla, F, Knickerbocker, C, Tsouknidas, I, Salamea, J, Travers, L, Nari, G, Pachajoa, D, Valadez, M, Hale, L, Perez, G, Choudhry, A, Foreman, M, Brito, I, Ciro, M, Newton, C, Souza, H, Davis, D, Ferreira, R, Keller, D, Miguel, G, Singh-Ranger, G, Linares, N, Singares, E, Valdivieso, X, Teran, A, Vargas, L, Valinoti, A, Milne, D, Fleming, A, Quiroga-Garza, A, Espino, E, Bedros, N, Funk, G, Neves, F, Supit, T, Baba, A, Chalkoo, M, Kucuk, G, Sarmiento, R, Galeev, S, Korkoman, M, Yang, W, Medappil, N, Athar, R, Subramaniam, R, Chia, C, Alhazmi, A, Halder, S, Rusli, S, Rashid, A, Gülcü, B, Nagarajan, P, Rida, K, Jamiri, A, Batıkan, O, Khan, H, Mitul, A, Efetov, S, Junior, M, Gulcu, B, Farooqui, M, Mulpuri, V, Bagaria, D, Yusoff, A, Wani, R, Younis, M, Khobragade, K, Marwat, M, Bains, L, Kobe, Y, Koh, P, Tantravahi, U, Mohamad Mohamad, I, Abu-Arish, H, Yildirim, A, Ibrahim, A, Tan, J, Siagian, D, Bhattacharya, N, Chiu, J, Paramasvaran, G, Voon, K, Göktepe, B, Lee, L, Gupta, A, Rasheed, F, Al-Shehari, M, Syed, S, Bhat, P, Erdoğan, E, Roat, R, Nacion, A, Saraiya, S, Afolabi, A, Chai, F, Ghannam, W, Bhattacharya, K, Nl, H, Aloun, A, Bhatti, H, Koneti, A, Klib, M, Qureshi, A, Syn, N, Wani, A, Saeidi, S, Zeb, M, Bandaru, K, Menna, M, Morales-Conde, S, Gessa, E, Sánchez-Cabús, S, Spartalis, E, Antropoli, C, Manigrasso, M, Sica, G, Ercolani, G, Chitul, A, Bacchiocchi, G, Azevedo, J, Karamarkovic, A, Bonavina, L, Piozzi, G, Migueláñez, I, Merlini, D, Major, P, Grimaldi, L, Calu, V, Curro, G, Cotsoglou, C, Baldini, E, Delis, S, Kovacevic, B, Masetti, M, Selvaggi, F, Scabini, S, Reiti, A, Zullo, A, Giuliani, A, Alesina, P, Massey, L, Slesser, A, Neary, P, Sahnan, K, Colucci, G, Brady, R, Mihailescu, A, Adamina, M, Gerogiannis, I, van Ramshorst, G, Paradiso, G, Poto, G, Massaro, D, Nazir, F, Stubbs, B, Tasselli, F, Muñoz-Cruzado, V, Sabia, D, Vannelli, A, Marsella, V, Tomada, E, Giambusso, M, Davies, J, Uzzau, A, Balla, A, Scaringi, S, Lancellotti, F, Douka, E, Argenio, G, Cassese, G, Ammendola, M, Morelli, L, Francone, E, Bala, M, Thambi, P, Iacobone, M, Campisi, A, Tejedor, P, Spoletini, G, Mascherini, M, Belia, F, Idiz, U, Colak, E, Peters, P, Ros, E, Aytac, E, Vilallonga, R, Serrablo, A, Muttillo, E, Di Franco, G, Vanni, G, Isik, A, Sbacco, V, Tropeano, F, Porcellini, I, Butler, R, Fernandez, C, Papadopoulos, A, Salvans, S, Khan, J, Bellver, P, Mc Farlane, S, Apostolou, K, Tur-Martinez, J, Castellano, J, Santoliquido, M, Tallon-Aguilar, L, Celentano, V, Aliyev, V, al-Najami, I, Grama, F, Masior, Ł, Ciesielski, W, Luberto, A, Sparavigna, M, Klimczak, T, Negoi, I, Serradilla-Martín, M, Marinis, A, Cammarat, R, Bellido-luque, J, Manzo, C, Milana, F, Luglio, G, Zarnescu, N, Martínez, I, Olmi, S, Costea, R, Cerdán-Santacruz, C, Gica, N, Rompianesi, G, Gallo, G, Ridolfi, C, Sahid, S, Cc, T, López-Soler, G, Díaz, C, Mccawley, N, Luzzi, A, Abelló, D, Bonito, A, Ntomi, V, Gourgiotis, S, Pazos, N, Toscano, M, Zafra, D, Beisani, M, Oliva, A, Guler, M, Gómez, M, Oddis, L, Montcusí, B, Delgado, A, Lasarte, M, Antonacci, N, Sartori, A, Taylor, J, de Santos Iglesias, F, Mastronardi, M, Gunay, E, Yiu, A, Cano-Valderrama, O, Costantini, G, Digne-Malcolm, H, Petropoulou, T, Horesh, N, Kelly, M, Ahmed, N, Wyroslak-Najs, J, Naik, P, Vigorita, V, Michael, M, Castro, E, Paspala, A, D'Ambrosio, M, Pangeni, A, Dziakova, J, Terés, L, Lorente-Poch, L, Di Carlo, I, Spartalis, M, Moro-Valdezate, D, Davey, M, Turrado-Rodriguez, V, Tryliskyy, Y, Calussi, M, Farré, S, Labat, M, Marafante, C, Takkenberg, M, Brookes, C, Soares, A, Gialamas, E, Caputo, D, Corrons, L, Capitano, S, Charalabopoulos, A, Don, C, Marrano, E, Giuffrida, M, Tomasicchio, G, Bellato, V, Stijns, J, Creavin, B, Schizas, D, Blanco-Antona, F, Kykalos, S, Tartaglia, N, Pelegrina, A, Barranquero, A, Schena, C, Cremona, S, Baili, E, Cianci, P, Di Bella, A, Forcignanò, E, Fabbrizio, T, Salvetti, F, Inama, M, Campagnaro, T, Deerenberg, E, Reccia, I, Rocca, A, Fazio, F, Tampakis, A, Tepelenis, K, Di Meo, G, Konstantoudakis, G, Manatakis, D, Mineccia, M, Delvecchio, A, Faro, C, Rosso, E, Bandyopadhyay, S, Queffurus, M, Marin, J, Corvasce, A, Chillarge, G, Mohammed, M, Reid, R, Gherardi, D, Naeem, A, Pandanaboyana, S, Tayeh, S, Chevallay, M, Sergeant, G, Cuccomarino, S, Salimian, N, Kapsampelis, P, Ferretti, C, Glasbey, J, Harvitkar, R, Iqbal, M, de Oliveira, G, Pérez-Bertólez, S, Bergna, A, Brisinda, G, Rottoli, M, Roscio, F, Pedrazzani, C, Meyer, J, Marino, M, Brasset, C, Daniel, C, Devriendt, S, Soldini, G, Pennisi, D, Richards, C, Fiore, F, Bocchino, A, Au, S, Hernandez-Garcia, M, Frontali, A, Grossi, U, Lolis, E, Miotto, M, Di Filippo, G, Seretis, C, Barberis, A, De Luca, R, Levi Sandri, G, Reitano, E, Mattioli, M, Sciaudone, G, Fuschillo, G, Schiltz, B, Low, J, Bointas, G, Cozza, V, Delaune, V, Vescio, F, Curcio, S, Sevik, H, Santocchi, P, Stecca, T, Balaphas, A, Chessa, A, Leo, C, di Mola, F, Tarallo, M, Martini, F, Lisi, G, Khan, M, Nicolazzi, M, Pinotti, E, Morini, A, Esposito, G, Buonomo, O, Corallino, D, Demir, A, Roesel, R, De Lucia, C, Maruccia, M, Tekin, O, Pavone, G, Pradelle, I, Chrysikos, M, Farrukh, M, Baiocchi, G, Piras, C, Abellán, A, Olivieri, L, Materazzo, M, Carbone, L, Dulskas, A, Mulita, F, Corronca, F, Cappuccio, M, Smerieri, E, Sotiropoulu, M, Violante, T, Moletta, L, Rutegård, M, Brillantino, A, Landaluce-Olavarria, A, Ossola, P, Bono, D, Rosés, H, Perez-Sanchez, L, Sabbatini, S, Scotti, M, Cammarata, R, Ibáñez, N, Marano, A, Palmisano, S, Cascales-Sanchez, P, Mosca, V, Ballester, C, Iordache-Petrescu, M, Pozza, G, Akay, O, Bollino, R, Toti, J, Mascianà, G, Pach, R, Sensi, B, Natalia, S, Coppola, A, Altinel, Y, Brucchi, F, Guitart, M, Salido, A, Tamini, N, Garoufalia, Z, Mifsut, P, Wilkins, A, Navarro-Sánchez, A, Cestaro, G, Conti, L, Carvas, J, Gazia, C, Alonso, P, Spiezio, G, Maggi, G, Juloski, J, Braccio, B, Pañella, C, Freixa, C, Petrakis, G, Folliero, C, De Andrés-Asenjo, B, Iodice, A, Jansson, H, González, T, Ortega, I, Castro, M, Fernicola, A, Aparicio, A, Ortega, N, Chouliaras, C, Tura, M, Sidiropoulou, Z, Gonzalez, A, Augustin, G, Segura-Sampedro, J, Cuk, V, Piccolo, G, Ingallinella, S, Ortenzi, M, Uggeri, F, Carrabetta, S, Tolonen, M, Formisano, G, Manfredelli, S, Perra, T, Esposito, F, Perrone, G, Zacharis, G, Menéndez, J, Bottcher, S, Ioannidis, O, Borges, N, Sousa, X, Colombari, R, Tellez, C, Capolupo, G, Giuliani, G, Mastella, F, González, L, Merlini, I, Ghignone, F, de Sa, T, Mangana, O, Rodriguez-Lopez, M, Alvarez-Gallego, M, Chowdhury, A, Di Lascio, P, Carneros, V, Angrisani, M, Conte, L, Montiel, C, Ascari, F, Dajti, I, Lapolla, P, Sperotto, B, Mazzarella, G, Capuano, M, Lopez, M, Ferrario, L, Bulte, J, López, M, Guerci, C, Marra, A, Belkacem, A, Pérez, R, Panyko, A, Dimitrov, E, Luque, E, Manrique, M, Paranyak, M, Kaur, M, Barugola, G, Farazi-Chongouki, C, Estaire-Gómez, M, del Olmo, J, Nardo, B, Mutlu, A, Rubio, A, Marchegiani, F, Cereda, M, Vinci, D, Komaei, I, Petrucciani, N, Seyfried, S, Krsicka, P, Medas, F, Lesko, D, Murzi, V, Siragusa, L, Guerrero, M, Iranzo, M, Cestino, L, Pasculli, A, Smerieri, N, Benzoni, I, Festa, F, Jordão, D, Licardie, E, Nicolaescu, D, Balassone, V, La Vaccara, V, Romano, F, Adamovich, D, Papatheodorou, P, Maroni, N, Colás-Ruiz, E, Melberga, L, Chimenti, F, Ferrari, D, Arcudi, C, Police, A, De Simone, B, Sánchez-Guillén, L, Parreño-Manchado, F, Rachadell, J, Coletta, D, Saroglu, A, Pattacini, G, Antonelli, A, Anania, M, Litta, F, Lafranceschina, S, Bottari, A, Pavlovic, M, Rojas-Bonet, N, Tampaki, E, Kosir, J, Anelli, F, de las Casas, S, Kucukarslan, R, Pierobon, E, Milanesi, M, Drogouti, M, Sotiropoulou, M, Di Marco, F, Bannone, E, Sliwinski, S, Yildiz, I, Pellicciaro, M, Celotti, A, Malerba, M, Marino, F, Bourmpouteli, E, Bianco, G, Charitaki, E, Pascale, M, Ioannidis, A, Maraska, F, Petagna, L, Turri, G, Vailas, M, Romanzi, A, Pouwels, S, Rosa, F, Clocchiatti, L, Andreuccetti, J, Machairas, N, Frountzas, M, Lasithiotakis, K, Barone, M, Christodoulou, P, Potkonjak, D, Aiolfi, A, de Vries, H, Napetti, S, Castaldi, A, Botelho, P, Marziali, I, Uccelli, M, Pisano, M, Veroux, M, Locci, E, Romano, A, Cero, M, Cicerchia, P, Baldi, C, Russo, I, Tenconi, S, Saliu, F, Bondurri, A, Cardinali, L, Laracca, G, Martín-Pérez, B, Felsenreich, D, Cunha, M, Zerbo, D, Clementi, M, Delogu, D, Iossa, A, Bavikatte, A, Saracoglu, C, Pecorelli, N, Tufo, A, Biloslavo, A, Lianos, G, Carannante, F, Costanzo, A, Montuori, M, Cigognini, M, Silvestro, R, Atici, S, Milito, P, Ferronetti, A, Güngör, M, Di Venere, B, Puccioni, C, De Nobili, G, Selvaggi, L, Farolfi, T, Aeschbacher, P, Olivier, J, Frazzetta, G, Andriola, V, Giordano, A, De Luca, A, Ferrara, F, Casagranda, B, Sammartano, F, Russo, A, Rossi, S, Pacilli, M, Synekidou, E, Tutino, R, Ceresoli, M, De Rosa, M, Di Santo Albini, A, Vincenzi, P, Vellei, S, Benzoni, E, Murillo, G, Izzo, G, Scotto, B, Caruso, R, Colombo, F, D'Acapito, F, Lostoridis, E, Saladino, E, Poillucci, G, Moeckli, B, Manto, O, Kara, Y, Tatar, C, Cioffi, S, Mambrilla, S, Bianchi, V, Scopelliti, M, Agresta, F, Nava, A, Franchi, E, Fransvea, P, Prieto, M, Picardi, B, Rizzuto, A, Panaccio, P, Gussago, S, Marra, E, Addeo, P, Fernández Fernández, J, Gulmez, M, Pisaniello, D, Cannavo, M, López-López, V, Avella, P, Peloso, A, Bellanova, G, Candilio, G, Perotti, B, Granata, R, Florio, G, Ioia, G, Iannone, I, Ammerata, G, Zambon, M, Del Monte, S, Sasia, D, Fortuna, L, Litvin, A, Cannistra, M, De Padua, C, Sánchez, T, Paniagua-Garcia-Señorans, M, Guevara, J, Perfecto, A, Alconchel, F, Campanelli, M, Keci, L, Cricrì, M, Kampouroglou, G, Bagaglini, G, Farrarons, S, Greco, A, Walędziak, M, Serrano-Navidad, M, Van Doorn, B, Schiavo, C, Fabbri, N, Wani, I, Mondi, I, Anestiadou, E, Mendes, B, Verdi, D, Dorovinis, P, Cacciaguerra, A, Caldeira, B, Canonico, G, Dardanov, D, D'Ugo, S, Francis, F, Meneghini, S, Pesce, A, Puglisi, S, Bellini, M, Giordano, M, Fleres, F, Campus, F, Cillara, N, Moggia, E, Ciarleglio, F, Calini, G, Gravante, G, De Carlis, R, Altomare, M, Martines, G, Miggino, M, Marano, L, Stocco, A, Porcu, A, Pham, T, Gervasi, M, Pilia, T, Palomba, G, Picchetto, A, Spampinato, M, Tandoi, F, Piccoli, M, Gall, M, Santos, B, Agastra, E, Koëter, T, Samadov, E, Marsanic, P, Serena, D, Uzunoglu, M, Zanus, G, Braholli, E, Giovine, G, Galiffa, G, Lauricella, S, Lukmonov, S, Leventoglu, S, Chooklin, S, Dudi-Venkata, N, Gauci, C, Podda, Mauro, Di Martino, Marcello, Pata, Francesco, Nigri, Giuseppe, Pisanu, Adolfo, Di Saverio, Salomone, Pellino, Gianluca, Ielpo, Benedetto, null, null, Tolla, Ashenafi Negash, Abdelkhalek, Mohamed, Emile, Sameh, Dinagde, Tesfaye Aga, Bouzid, Chafik, Mansour, Ahmed Mohammed Farid Mahmoud, Garzali, Ibrahim Umar, Aregawi, Alazar Berhe, Zaghloul, Tarek M., Kchaou, Ali, Awad, Selmy S., Souadka, Amine, Ted, Tedla Gebretsadik, Saumtally, Mohammad Saad, Ahmed, Bensaad, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Nunziante, Marco, Shalaby, Mostafa, Debena, Dawit Gebregiorgis, Zena, Alemayehu Shanko, Adewunmi, Olayinka Lukman, Negasa, Tolera A., Bourguiba, Mohamed Aboulkacem, Feituri, Nura, Kebede, Kirubel Abebe, Elfeki, Hossam, Anas, Abdelhmed, Awad, Ahmed K., Ermias, Nebiyou, Hailemariam, Dagnachew H., Bejiga, Gosa Hundie, Imana, Ruhama Yoseph, Taffese, Abebe, Feleke, Tsega Terefe, Elghadban, Hosam Mohamed, Debela, Bizuneh Sime, Shiferaw, Desta, Tadesse, Robel, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Mohammed, Abdullahi Ibrahim, Hassen, Khalid Arebo, Obiagwu, Ndubuisi K., Tense, Tadesse H., Taeme, Mulugeta, Biniam, Ewnte, Tesfay, Goytom Knfe, Tegegn, Ayenachew Getachew, Teddy, Tewodros Abule Bilata, Bekana, Bekana L., Nidaw, Melkamu Kibret, Ali, Mahmoud Ibrahim, Gonfa, Kebebe Bekele, Kiros, Samuel, Belay, Tatek, Yallew, Gebeyaw Mengist, Wassie, Chekol, Ayalew, Alem Mekete, Asfaw, Fitsum Terefe, Aimal, Aimal Khan, Casas, Maria Agustina, Madrid, Fausto A., Diaz-Elizondo, Jose Antonio, Merlo, Ignacio Guillermo, De Campos, Tercio, Schlottmann, Francisco, Gomes, Carlos Augusto, Hernández, Edgard Efrén Lozada, Moncada-Ortega, Augusto, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Vanerio, Patricio, Morales, Emilio J., Stringfield, Sarah Beth, Gallardo, Cristian, Fonseca, Vinicius Cordeiro, Muriel, Maria Emilia, Cantarino, Frederico, Fichera, Alessandro, Rodriguez, Agustin E., Salinas, Roberto Paúl Andrade, Crosbie, Gonzalo Gabriel, Menegozzo, Carlos Augusto Metidieri, Avellaneda, Nicolas, Briones, Cristhian Gonzalo Aspiazu, Varela, Cristopher, Lichliter, Warren E., Varela, Cristopher L., Koppel, Darren, Lenz, Jorge Godoy, Pascual, Franco, Sibaja-Matamoros, Dauber A., Johnson, Benjamin E., Mercado, Octavio Avila, Tita, Agustín, Mukherjee, Indraneil, Lorenzo, Irving, Rueda, Erick, Rico, Douglas, Terwes, Natasha Loria, Visag-Castillo, Victor, Escalante, Karol S., Salvador, Alan Francisco Alfaro, Pio, Luca, Rodas, Edgar B., Aguilar, Juan Carlos Cardozo, Neri, Ignacio, Barzola, Ernesto J., Barba, Leonardo A., Zuchini, Andrés Mendoza, Acevedo, Ana Karen Radilla, Gachabayov, Mahir, Gonsaga, Ricardo Alessandro Teixeira, Bonilla, Fernando, Knickerbocker, Chase Barrett, Tsouknidas, Ioannis, Salamea, Juan C., Travers, Lawrence Albert Salter, Nari, Gustavo Adrian, Pachajoa, Diana Alejandra Pantoja, Valadez, Michel Hernandez, Hale, Lyman Lansing, Perez, Guillermo, Choudhry, Asad, Foreman, Michaael L., Brito, Ismael, Ciro, Mauricio Pedraza, Newton, Carla Joyce, Souza, Hamilton Petry, Davis, Daniel G., Ferreira, Rodrigo Vaz, Keller, Deborah S., Miguel, Gustavo Machain, Singh-Ranger, Gurpreet, Linares, Neiling Massiel Oviedo, Singares, Eduardo Smith, Valdivieso, Xavier HGarcía, Teran, Alfonso Ivan Sanchez, Vargas, Luis Felipe Cabrera, Valinoti, Agustín, Milne, David M., Fleming, Andrew Martin, Quiroga-Garza, Alejandro, Espino, Eduardo Morales, Bedros, Nicole Mary, Funk, Geoffrey A., Neves, Fernanda V. S., Supit, Tommy, Baba, Arshad Ahmed, Chalkoo, Mushtaq A., Kucuk, Gultekin Ozan, Sarmiento, Ray Inocencio, Galeev, Shamil I., Korkoman, Mohammed J., Yang, Wah, Medappil, Noushif, Athar, Rahmatullah, Subramaniam, Ravichandran, Chia, Chi Fung, Alhazmi, Ahmad, Halder, Subhadip, Rusli, Siti Mayuha, Rashid, Arshad, Gülcü, Barış, Nagarajan, Prasanth, Rida, Khaled, Jamiri, Al-Radjid, Batıkan, Oğuzkağan, Khan, Huma Ahmed, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Efetov, Sergey, Junior, Marcelo A. F. Ribeiro, Gulcu, Baris, Farooqui, Marryam Riaz, Mulpuri, Venu Bhargava, Bagaria, Dinesh, Yusoff, Ahmad Ramzi, Wani, Rauf, Younis, Muhammad Umar, Khobragade, Krunal H., Marwat, Muhammad Ibrahim, Bains, Lovenish, Kobe, Yoshiro, Koh, Peng Soon, Tantravahi, Umasankar, Mohamad Mohamad, Ikhwan Sani, Abu-Arish, Hamdoon, Yildirim, Ali Cihat, Ibrahim, Aini Fahriza, Tan, Jih Huei, Siagian, Dumaria Ketty, Bhattacharya, Neela, Chiu, Jennifer H. F., Paramasvaran, Ganendra, Voon, Kelvin, Göktepe, Berk, Lee, Lee Yeong Sing, Gupta, Amit, Rasheed, Faaiz, Al-Shehari, Mohammed, Syed, Syed Muhammad Ali, Bhat, Pawan Singh, Erdoğan, Emre, Roat, Rajesh, Nacion, Aeris Jane D., Saraiya, Swapnil Mukesh, Afolabi, Akinwale Ibrahim, Chai, Feng Yih, Ghannam, Wagih, Bhattacharya, Kaushik, NL, Harish, Aloun, Ali, Bhatti, Hamza Waqar, Koneti, Akshadhar J., Klib, Mohamad, Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair, Syn, Nicholas L., Wani, Ajaz, Saeidi, Sara, Zeb, Muhammad, Bandaru, Kalyan Vijay Kumar, Menna, Maria Paola, Morales-Conde, Salvador, Gessa, Emanuela, Sánchez-Cabús, Santiago, Spartalis, Eleftherios, Antropoli, Carmine, Manigrasso, Michele, Sica, Giuseppe S., Ercolani, Giorgio, Chitul, Andrei, Bacchiocchi, Giulia, Azevedo, José, Karamarkovic, Aleksandar, Bonavina, Luigi, Piozzi, Guglielmo N., Migueláñez, Isabel Pascual, Merlini, David, Major, Piotr, Grimaldi, Luciano, Calu, Valentin, Curro, Giuseppe, Cotsoglou, Christian, Baldini, Edoardo, Delis, Spiros, Kovacevic, Bojan, Masetti, Michele, Selvaggi, Francesco, Scabini, Stefano, Reiti, Andrian, Zullo, Alessia, Giuliani, Antonio, Alesina, Pier Francesco, Massey, Lisa H., Slesser, Alistair A. P., Neary, Peter M., Sahnan, Kapil, Tan, Jessica J., Colucci, Gianluca, Brady, Richard R. W., Mihailescu, Andrei, Adamina, Michel, Gerogiannis, Ioannis, van Ramshorst, Gabrielle, Paradiso, Giulia, Poto, Gianmario Edoardo, Massaro, Daniele, Nazir, Fozia, Stubbs, Benjamin M., Tasselli, Francesco Menegon, Muñoz-Cruzado, Virginia Durán, Sabia, Domenico, Vannelli, Alberto, Marsella, Valentina Enrica, Tomada, Elisa Paoluzzi, Giambusso, Mauro, Davies, Justin, Uzzau, Alessandro, Balla, Andrea, Scaringi, Stefano, Lancellotti, Francesco, Douka, Eleftheria, Argenio, Giulio, Cassese, Gianluca, Ammendola, Michele, Morelli, Luca, Francone, Elisa, Bala, Miklosh, Thambi, Prem, Iacobone, Maurizio, Campisi, Andrea, Tejedor, Patricia, Spoletini, Gabriele, Mascherini, Matteo, Belia, Francesco, Idiz, Ufuk Oguz, Colak, Elif, Peters, Paul Adewunmi, Ros, Emilio Peña, Aytac, Erman, Vilallonga, Ramon, Serrablo, Alejandro, Muttillo, Edoardo Maria, Di Franco, Gregorio, Vanni, Gianluca, Isik, Arda, Sbacco, Valentina, Tropeano, Francesca Paola, Porcellini, Iride, Butler, Rebecca Jayne, Fernandez, Carmen Cagigas, Papadopoulos, Aristeidis, Salvans, Silvia, Khan, Jan Sher, Bellver, Pedro Palazón, Mc Farlane, Sebastian Jeri, Apostolou, Konstantinos, Tur-Martinez, Jaume, Castellano, Javier Rivera, Santoliquido, Matteo, Tallon-Aguilar, Luis, Celentano, Valerio, Aliyev, Vusal, al-Najami, Issam, Grama, Florin A., Masior, Łukasz, Ciesielski, Wojciech J., Luberto, Antonio, Sparavigna, Marco, Klimczak, Tomasz Jerzy, Negoi, Ionut, Serradilla-Martín, Mario, Marinis, Athanasios, Cammarat, Roberto, Bellido-luque, Juan, Manzo, Carlo Alberto, Milana, Flavio, Luglio, Gaetano, Zarnescu, Narcis Octavian, Martínez, Isidro, Olmi, Stefano, Costea, Radu V., Cerdán-Santacruz, Carlos, Gica, Nicolae, Rompianesi, Gianluca, Gallo, Gaetano, Ridolfi, Cristina, Sahid, Saidah, CC, Tommaso, López-Soler, Guillermo, Díaz, Carlos JGómez, Mccawley, Niamh, Luzzi, Andrea Pierre, Abelló, David, Bonito, Alba Correa, Ntomi, Vasileia, Gourgiotis, Stavros, Pazos, Natalia Suárez, Toscano, Marta Jiménez, Zafra, David Ambrona, Beisani, Marc, Oliva, Alba, Guler, Mert, Gómez, Marta Jiménez, Oddis, Lidia, Montcusí, Blanca, Delgado, Ander Timoteo, Lasarte, Mateusz PJęckowski Aingeru Sarriuga, Antonacci, Nicola, Sartori, Alberto, Taylor, John Vincent, de Santos Iglesias, Francisco Juan, Mastronardi, Manuela, Gunay, Emre, Yiu, Andrew, Cano-Valderrama, Oscar, Costantini, Giulia, Digne-Malcolm, Holly Jane, Petropoulou, Thalia, Horesh, Nir, Kelly, Michael E., Ahmed, Nauman, Wyroslak-Najs, Justyna, Naik, Prashant, Vigorita, Vincenzo, Michael, Michael, Castro, Ernest, Paspala, Anna, D'Ambrosio, Marco, Pangeni, Anang, Dziakova, Jana, Terés, Lara Blanco, Lorente-Poch, Leyre, Di Carlo, Isidoro, Spartalis, Michael, Moro-Valdezate, David, Davey, Matthew G., Turrado-Rodriguez, Victor, Tryliskyy, Yegor, Calussi, Marco, Farré, Silvia Pérez, Labat, Miriam Cazador, Marafante, Chiara, Takkenberg, Marijn, Brookes, Charlotte Elisabeth, Soares, Antonio S., Gialamas, Eleftherios, Caputo, Damiano, Corrons, Laia Codina, Capitano, Sante, Charalabopoulos, Alexandros, Don, Cristine Brooke Pathirannehalage, Marrano, Enrico, Giuffrida, Maria Carmela, Tomasicchio, Giovanni, Bellato, Vittoria, Stijns, Jasper, Creavin, Ben, Schizas, Dimitrios, Blanco-Antona, Francisco, Kykalos, Stylianos, Tartaglia, Nicola, Pelegrina, Amalia, Barranquero, Alberto G., Schena, Carlo Alberto, Cremona, Simone, Baili, Efstratia, Cianci, Pasquale, Di Bella, Annamaria, Forcignanò, Edoardo, Fabbrizio, Tiziana, Salvetti, Francesco, Inama, Marco, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Deerenberg, Eva B., Reccia, Isabella, Rocca, Aldo, Fazio, Federico, Tampakis, Athanasios, Tepelenis, Kostas, Di Meo, Giovanna, Konstantoudakis, Georgios, Manatakis, Dimitrios K., Mineccia, Michela, Delvecchio, Antonella, Faro, Carmelo Lo, Rosso, Edoardo, Bandyopadhyay, Samik K., Queffurus, Michael, Marin, Jacopo Nicolò, Corvasce, Arianna, Chillarge, Gauri, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa, Reid, Rebecca, Gherardi, Dario, Naeem, Awais, Pandanaboyana, Sanjay, Tayeh, Salim, Chevallay, Mickael, Sergeant, Gregory, Cuccomarino, Salvatore, Salimian, Nick, Kapsampelis, Panagiotis, Ferretti, Carlotta, Glasbey, James, Harvitkar, Rafique Umer, Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih, de Oliveira, Gabriel Paiva, Pérez-Bertólez, Sonia, Bergna, Alessandro, Brisinda, Giuseppe, Rottoli, Matteo, Roscio, Francesco, Pedrazzani, Corrado, Meyer, Jeremy, Marino, Marco V., Brasset, Camille, Daniel, Clerc, Devriendt, Stefanie, Soldini, Gabriele, Pennisi, Damiano, Richards, Chris B., Fiore, Felicia, Bocchino, Antonio, Au, Stephanie, Hernandez-Garcia, Miguel, Frontali, Alice, Grossi, Ugo, Lolis, Evangelos, Miotto, Marco, Di Filippo, Giacomo, Seretis, Charalampos, Barberis, Andrea, De Luca, Raffaele, Levi Sandri, Giovanni Battista, Reitano, Elisa, Mattioli, Marco, Sciaudone, Guido, Fuschillo, Giacomo, Schiltz, Boris, Low, Juin, Bointas, Georgios, Cozza, Valerio, Delaune, Vaihere, Vescio, Francesca, Curcio, Silvia, Sevik, Husnu, Santocchi, Pietro, Stecca, Tommaso, Balaphas, Alexandre, Chessa, Antonella, Leo, Cosimo Alex, di Mola, Fabio F., Tarallo, Mariarita, Martini, Francesco, Lisi, Giorgio, Khan, Mansoor, Nicolazzi, Marco, Pinotti, Enrico, Morini, Andrea, Esposito, Giuseppe, Buonomo, Oreste Claudio, Corallino, Diletta, Demir, Anıl, Roesel, Raffaello, De Lucia, Chiara, Maruccia, Michele, Tekin, Oguzhan, Pavone, Giovanna, Gupta, Ashish, Pradelle, Irene, Chrysikos, Michael, Farrukh, Maira, Baiocchi, Gian Luca, Piras, Carla, Abellán, Antonio Melero, Olivieri, Laura, Materazzo, Marco, Carbone, Ludovico, Dulskas, Audrius, Mulita, Francesk, Corronca, Federico, Cappuccio, Micaela, Smerieri, Elia, Sotiropoulu, Maria, Violante, Tommaso, Moletta, Lucia, Rutegård, Martin, Brillantino, Antonio, Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor, Ossola, Paolo, Bono, Dario, Rosés, Helena Salvador, Perez-Sanchez, Luis E., Sabbatini, Sonia, Scotti, Mauro Alessandro, Cammarata, Roberto, Ibáñez, Noelia, Marano, Alessandra, Palmisano, Silvia, Cascales-Sanchez, Pedro, Mosca, Vinicio, Ballester, Cristina, Iordache-Petrescu, Madalina Ionela, Pozza, Gioia, Akay, Omer, Bollino, Ruggero, Toti, Johannes M. 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B., Gazia, Carlo, Alonso, Patricia, Spiezio, Giovanni, Maggi, Giulia, Juloski, Jovan, Braccio, Bartolomeo, Pañella, Clara, Freixa, Celia Caula, Petrakis, Georgios, Folliero, Cristina, De Andrés-Asenjo, Beatriz, Iodice, Alessandra, Jansson, Hannes, González, Tomas Elosua, Ortega, Irene, Castro, Maria J., Fernicola, Agostino, Aparicio, Antonio Carlos Maya, Ortega, Nuria, Chouliaras, Christos, Tura, Marina Vila, Sidiropoulou, Zacharoula, Gonzalez, Ana, Augustin, Goran, Segura-Sampedro, Juan J., Cuk, Vladica, Piccolo, Gaetano, Ingallinella, Sara, Ortenzi, Monica, Uggeri, Fabio, Carrabetta, Salvatore, Tolonen, Matti, Formisano, Giampaolo, Manfredelli, Simone, Perra, Teresa, Esposito, Francesco, Perrone, Gennaro, Zacharis, Georgios, Menéndez, Jaime Iturbe, Bottcher, Sofia Maria Jaume, Ioannidis, Orestis, Borges, Nuno, Sousa, Xavier, Colombari, Renan C., Tellez, Clara, Capolupo, Gabriella Teresa, Giuliani, Giuseppe, Mastella, Federica, González, Lluis García, Merlini, Ilenia, Ghignone, Federico, de Sa, Tiago Correia, Mangana, Orsalia, Rodriguez-Lopez, Mario, Alvarez-Gallego, Mario, Chowdhury, Ashim, Di Lascio, Pierpaolo, Carneros, Virginia Jiménez, Angrisani, Marco, Conte, Luigi E., Montiel, Carmen Galiana, Ascari, Francesca, Dajti, Irida, Lapolla, Pierfrancesco, Sperotto, Beatrice, Mazzarella, Gennaro, Capuano, Marianna, Lopez, Maria Martinez, Ferrario, Luca, Bulte, Joris P., López, María Martínez, Guerci, Claudio, Marra, Angelo Alessandro, Belkacem, Acidi, Pérez, Raquel Escalera, Panyko, Arpád, Dimitrov, Evgeni, Luque, Eduardo J., Manrique, Mario Montes, Paranyak, Mykola, Kaur, Mandeep, Barugola, Giuliano, Farazi-Chongouki, Christos, Estaire-Gómez, Mercedes, del Olmo, Juan Carlos Martín, Nardo, Bruno, Mutlu, Arda Ulaş, Rubio, Ainhoa Valle, Merlini, David A., Marchegiani, Francesco, Cereda, Marco Angelo, Vinci, Danilo, Komaei, Iman, Petrucciani, Niccolo, Seyfried, Steffen, Krsicka, Petr, Medas, Fabio, Lesko, Dusan, Murzi, Valentina, Siragusa, Leandro, Guerrero, María Alejandra, Iranzo, Marina Alarcón, Cestino, Luca, Pasculli, Alessandro, Smerieri, Nazareno, Benzoni, Ilaria, Festa, Federico, Jordão, Daniel Filipe Martins, Licardie, Eugenio, Nicolaescu, Diana C., Balassone, Valerio, La Vaccara, Vincenzo, Romano, Fabrizio, Adamovich, Dmitry Mikhailovich, Papatheodorou, Panayiotis, Maroni, Norvana, Colás-Ruiz, Enrique, Melberga, Liene, Chimenti, Federica, Ferrari, Davide, Arcudi, Claudio, Police, Andrea, De Simone, Belinda, Sánchez-Guillén, Luis, Parreño-Manchado, Felipe Carlos, Rachadell, Juan José, Coletta, Diego, Saroglu, Azize, Pattacini, Gianmaria Casoni, Antonelli, Amedeo, Anania, Marco, Litta, Francesco, Lafranceschina, Stefano, Bottari, Andrea, Pavlovic, Mladen, Rojas-Bonet, Noel, Tampaki, Ekaterini Christina, Kosir, Jurij A., Anelli, Ferdinando M., de las Casas, Sara Gortázar, Kucukarslan, Rabia, Pierobon, Elisa Sefora, Milanesi, Maria, Drogouti, Maria, Sotiropoulou, Maria, Di Marco, Federica, Bannone, Elisa, Sliwinski, Svenja Christin, Yildiz, Ishak, Pellicciaro, Marco, Celotti, Andrea, Malerba, Michele, Marino, Fabio, Bourmpouteli, Eirini, Bianco, Giuseppe, Charitaki, Evgenia, Pascale, Marco Maria, Ioannidis, Argyrios, Maraska, Fatlum, Petagna, Lorenzo, Turri, Giulia, Vailas, Michail, Romanzi, Andrea, Pouwels, Sjaak, Rosa, Fausto, Clocchiatti, Lucrezia, Andreuccetti, Jacopo, Machairas, Nikolaos, Frountzas, Maximos, Lasithiotakis, Konstantinos, Barone, Mirko, Christodoulou, Prokopis, Potkonjak, Dario, Aiolfi, Alberto, de Vries, Hilbert S., Napetti, Sara, Castaldi, Antonio, Botelho, Pedro, Marziali, Irene, Uccelli, Matteo, Pisano, Michele, Veroux, Massimiliano, Locci, Eleonora, Romano, Angela, Cero, Mariagiulia Dal, Cicerchia, Pierfranco Maria, Baldi, Caterina, Russo, Iris Shari, Tenconi, Silvia Maria, Saliu, Fatmir, Bondurri, Andrea, Cardinali, Luca, Laracca, Giovanni Guglielmo, Martín-Pérez, Beatriz, Felsenreich, Daniel M., Cunha, Miguel, Zerbo, Domenico, Clementi, Marco, Delogu, Daniele, Iossa, Angelo, Bavikatte, Akshay Prasannakumar, Saracoglu, Can, Pecorelli, Nicolò, Tufo, Andrea, Biloslavo, Alan, Lianos, Georgios D., Carannante, Filippo, Costanzo, Antonio, Montuori, Mauro, Cigognini, Maria, Silvestro, Roberto, Atici, Semra Demirli, Milito, Pamela, Ferronetti, Antonio, Güngör, Mert, Di Venere, Beatrice, Puccioni, Caterina, De Nobili, Giovanni, Selvaggi, Lucio, Farolfi, Tommaso, Aeschbacher, Pauline, Olivier, James B., Frazzetta, Giuseppe, Andriola, Valeria, Giordano, Alessio, De Luca, Alessandro, Ferrara, Francesco, Casagranda, Biagio, Sammartano, Fabrizio, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Rossi, Stefano, Pacilli, Mario, Synekidou, Eirini, Tutino, Roberta, Ceresoli, Marco, De Rosa, Michele, Di Santo Albini, Andrea G., Vincenzi, Paolo, Vellei, Samantha, Benzoni, Enrico, Murillo, Gabriela Aracelly Arroyo, Izzo, Giuliano, Scotto, Bruno, Caruso, Riccardo, Colombo, Francesco, D'Acapito, Fabrizio, Lostoridis, Eftychios, Saladino, Edoardo, Poillucci, Gaetano, Moeckli, Beat, Manto, Ottavia, Kara, Yasin, Tatar, Cihad, Cioffi, Stefano Piero Bernardo, Mambrilla, Sara, Bianchi, Valentina, Scopelliti, Michele, Agresta, Ferdinando, Nava, Andrea Kazemi, Franchi, Eloisa, Fransvea, Pietro, Prieto, Mikel, Picardi, Biagio, Rizzuto, Antonia, Panaccio, Paolo, Gussago, Stefano, Marra, Ester, Addeo, Pietro, Fernández Fernández, June, Gulmez, Mehmet, Pisaniello, Donatella, Cannavo, Maurizio, López-López, Victor, Avella, Pasquale, Peloso, Andrea, Bellanova, Giovanni, Candilio, Giuseppe, Perotti, Bruno, Granata, Roberta, Florio, Gaetano, Ioia, Giovanna, Iannone, Immacolata, Ammerata, Giorgio, Zambon, Martina, Romano, Francesco Maria, Del Monte, Simone Rossi, Sasia, Diego, Fortuna, Laura, Giuffrida, Mario, Litvin, Andrey, Cannistra, Marco, De Padua, Cristina, Sánchez, Tatiana Gómez, Paniagua-Garcia-Señorans, Marta, Guevara, Jenny, Perfecto, Arkaitz, Alconchel, Felipe, Campanelli, Michela, Keci, Laura, Cricrì, Michele, Kampouroglou, Georgios, Bagaglini, Giulia, Farrarons, Sara Sentí, Greco, Antonio, Walędziak, Maciej, Carvas, João M., Serrano-Navidad, Monica, Van Doorn, Berend, Schiavo, Ciro, Fabbri, Nicolò, Wani, Ishfaq Ahmad, Mondi, Isabella, Anestiadou, Elissavet, Mendes, Beatriz ISilva, Verdi, Daunia, Dorovinis, Panagiotis, Cacciaguerra, Andrea Benedetti, Caldeira, Beatriz, Canonico, Giuseppe, Dardanov, Dragomir, D'Ugo, Stefano, Francis, Fayez Maged, Meneghini, Simona, Pesce, Antonio, Puglisi, Silvana Bernadetta, Bellini, Maria Irene, Pisano, Marcello, Giordano, Marco, Fleres, Francesco, Campus, Federica, Cillara, Nicola, Moggia, Elisabetta, Ciarleglio, Francesco A., Calini, Giacomo, Gravante, Gianpiero, De Carlis, Riccardo, Altomare, Michele, Martines, Gennaro, Miggino, Marco, Marano, Luigi, Stocco, Alberto, Porcu, Alberto, Pham, Thuy Vy, Gervasi, Maria Clelia, Pilia, Tiziana, Palomba, Giuseppe, Picchetto, Andrea, Spampinato, Marcello Giuseppe, Tandoi, Francesco, Piccoli, Micaela, Gall, Malina ECaraiman, Santos, Bárbara Ribeiro, Agastra, Ervis, Koëter, Tijmen, Samadov, Elgun, Marsanic, Patrizia, Serena, De Fatico Gilda, Uzunoglu, Mustafa Yener, Zanus, Giacomo, Braholli, Eriol, Giovine, Gennaro, Galiffa, Giampaolo, Lauricella, Sara, Lukmonov, Saidrakhim, Leventoglu, Sezai, Chooklin, Serge, Dudi-Venkata, Nagendra N., Gauci, Chahaya M., Podda, M, Di Martino, M, Pata, F, Nigri, G, Pisanu, A, Di Saverio, S, Pellino, G, Ielpo, B, Null, N, Tolla, A, Abdelkhalek, M, Emile, S, Dinagde, T, Bouzid, C, Mansour, A, Garzali, I, Aregawi, A, Zaghloul, T, Kchaou, A, Awad, S, Souadka, A, Ted, T, Saumtally, M, Ahmed, B, Bayileyegn, N, Nunziante, M, Shalaby, M, Debena, D, Zena, A, Adewunmi, O, Negasa, T, Bourguiba, M, Feituri, N, Kebede, K, Elfeki, H, Anas, A, Awad, A, Ermias, N, Hailemariam, D, Bejiga, G, Imana, R, Taffese, A, Feleke, T, Elghadban, H, Debela, B, Shiferaw, D, Tadesse, R, Chukwu, I, Mohammed, A, Hassen, K, Obiagwu, N, Tense, T, Taeme, M, Biniam, E, Tesfay, G, Tegegn, A, Teddy, T, Bekana, B, Nidaw, M, Ali, M, 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Gall, M, Santos, B, Agastra, E, Koëter, T, Samadov, E, Marsanic, P, Serena, D, Uzunoglu, M, Zanus, G, Braholli, E, Giovine, G, Galiffa, G, Lauricella, S, Lukmonov, S, Leventoglu, S, Chooklin, S, Dudi-Venkata, N, Gauci, C, Podda, Mauro, Di Martino, Marcello, Pata, Francesco, Nigri, Giuseppe, Pisanu, Adolfo, Di Saverio, Salomone, Pellino, Gianluca, Ielpo, Benedetto, null, null, Tolla, Ashenafi Negash, Abdelkhalek, Mohamed, Emile, Sameh, Dinagde, Tesfaye Aga, Bouzid, Chafik, Mansour, Ahmed Mohammed Farid Mahmoud, Garzali, Ibrahim Umar, Aregawi, Alazar Berhe, Zaghloul, Tarek M., Kchaou, Ali, Awad, Selmy S., Souadka, Amine, Ted, Tedla Gebretsadik, Saumtally, Mohammad Saad, Ahmed, Bensaad, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Nunziante, Marco, Shalaby, Mostafa, Debena, Dawit Gebregiorgis, Zena, Alemayehu Shanko, Adewunmi, Olayinka Lukman, Negasa, Tolera A., Bourguiba, Mohamed Aboulkacem, Feituri, Nura, Kebede, Kirubel Abebe, Elfeki, Hossam, Anas, Abdelhmed, Awad, Ahmed K., Ermias, Nebiyou, Hailemariam, Dagnachew H., Bejiga, Gosa Hundie, Imana, Ruhama Yoseph, Taffese, Abebe, Feleke, Tsega Terefe, Elghadban, Hosam Mohamed, Debela, Bizuneh Sime, Shiferaw, Desta, Tadesse, Robel, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Mohammed, Abdullahi Ibrahim, Hassen, Khalid Arebo, Obiagwu, Ndubuisi K., Tense, Tadesse H., Taeme, Mulugeta, Biniam, Ewnte, Tesfay, Goytom Knfe, Tegegn, Ayenachew Getachew, Teddy, Tewodros Abule Bilata, Bekana, Bekana L., Nidaw, Melkamu Kibret, Ali, Mahmoud Ibrahim, Gonfa, Kebebe Bekele, Kiros, Samuel, Belay, Tatek, Yallew, Gebeyaw Mengist, Wassie, Chekol, Ayalew, Alem Mekete, Asfaw, Fitsum Terefe, Aimal, Aimal Khan, Casas, Maria Agustina, Madrid, Fausto A., Diaz-Elizondo, Jose Antonio, Merlo, Ignacio Guillermo, De Campos, Tercio, Schlottmann, Francisco, Gomes, Carlos Augusto, Hernández, Edgard Efrén Lozada, Moncada-Ortega, Augusto, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Vanerio, Patricio, Morales, Emilio J., Stringfield, Sarah Beth, Gallardo, Cristian, Fonseca, Vinicius Cordeiro, Muriel, Maria Emilia, Cantarino, Frederico, Fichera, Alessandro, Rodriguez, Agustin E., Salinas, Roberto Paúl Andrade, Crosbie, Gonzalo Gabriel, Menegozzo, Carlos Augusto Metidieri, Avellaneda, Nicolas, Briones, Cristhian Gonzalo Aspiazu, Varela, Cristopher, Lichliter, Warren E., Varela, Cristopher L., Koppel, Darren, Lenz, Jorge Godoy, Pascual, Franco, Sibaja-Matamoros, Dauber A., Johnson, Benjamin E., Mercado, Octavio Avila, Tita, Agustín, Mukherjee, Indraneil, Lorenzo, Irving, Rueda, Erick, Rico, Douglas, Terwes, Natasha Loria, Visag-Castillo, Victor, Escalante, Karol S., Salvador, Alan Francisco Alfaro, Pio, Luca, Rodas, Edgar B., Aguilar, Juan Carlos Cardozo, Neri, Ignacio, Barzola, Ernesto J., Barba, Leonardo A., Zuchini, Andrés Mendoza, Acevedo, Ana Karen Radilla, Gachabayov, Mahir, Gonsaga, Ricardo Alessandro Teixeira, Bonilla, Fernando, Knickerbocker, Chase Barrett, Tsouknidas, Ioannis, Salamea, Juan C., Travers, Lawrence Albert Salter, Nari, Gustavo Adrian, Pachajoa, Diana Alejandra Pantoja, Valadez, Michel Hernandez, Hale, Lyman Lansing, Perez, Guillermo, Choudhry, Asad, Foreman, Michaael L., Brito, Ismael, Ciro, Mauricio Pedraza, Newton, Carla Joyce, Souza, Hamilton Petry, Davis, Daniel G., Ferreira, Rodrigo Vaz, Keller, Deborah S., Miguel, Gustavo Machain, Singh-Ranger, Gurpreet, Linares, Neiling Massiel Oviedo, Singares, Eduardo Smith, Valdivieso, Xavier HGarcía, Teran, Alfonso Ivan Sanchez, Vargas, Luis Felipe Cabrera, Valinoti, Agustín, Milne, David M., Fleming, Andrew Martin, Quiroga-Garza, Alejandro, Espino, Eduardo Morales, Bedros, Nicole Mary, Funk, Geoffrey A., Neves, Fernanda V. S., Supit, Tommy, Baba, Arshad Ahmed, Chalkoo, Mushtaq A., Kucuk, Gultekin Ozan, Sarmiento, Ray Inocencio, Galeev, Shamil I., Korkoman, Mohammed J., Yang, Wah, Medappil, Noushif, Athar, Rahmatullah, Subramaniam, Ravichandran, Chia, Chi Fung, Alhazmi, Ahmad, Halder, Subhadip, Rusli, Siti Mayuha, Rashid, Arshad, Gülcü, Barış, Nagarajan, Prasanth, Rida, Khaled, Jamiri, Al-Radjid, Batıkan, Oğuzkağan, Khan, Huma Ahmed, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Efetov, Sergey, Junior, Marcelo A. F. Ribeiro, Gulcu, Baris, Farooqui, Marryam Riaz, Mulpuri, Venu Bhargava, Bagaria, Dinesh, Yusoff, Ahmad Ramzi, Wani, Rauf, Younis, Muhammad Umar, Khobragade, Krunal H., Marwat, Muhammad Ibrahim, Bains, Lovenish, Kobe, Yoshiro, Koh, Peng Soon, Tantravahi, Umasankar, Mohamad Mohamad, Ikhwan Sani, Abu-Arish, Hamdoon, Yildirim, Ali Cihat, Ibrahim, Aini Fahriza, Tan, Jih Huei, Siagian, Dumaria Ketty, Bhattacharya, Neela, Chiu, Jennifer H. F., Paramasvaran, Ganendra, Voon, Kelvin, Göktepe, Berk, Lee, Lee Yeong Sing, Gupta, Amit, Rasheed, Faaiz, Al-Shehari, Mohammed, Syed, Syed Muhammad Ali, Bhat, Pawan Singh, Erdoğan, Emre, Roat, Rajesh, Nacion, Aeris Jane D., Saraiya, Swapnil Mukesh, Afolabi, Akinwale Ibrahim, Chai, Feng Yih, Ghannam, Wagih, Bhattacharya, Kaushik, NL, Harish, Aloun, Ali, Bhatti, Hamza Waqar, Koneti, Akshadhar J., Klib, Mohamad, Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair, Syn, Nicholas L., Wani, Ajaz, Saeidi, Sara, Zeb, Muhammad, Bandaru, Kalyan Vijay Kumar, Menna, Maria Paola, Morales-Conde, Salvador, Gessa, Emanuela, Sánchez-Cabús, Santiago, Spartalis, Eleftherios, Antropoli, Carmine, Manigrasso, Michele, Sica, Giuseppe S., Ercolani, Giorgio, Chitul, Andrei, Bacchiocchi, Giulia, Azevedo, José, Karamarkovic, Aleksandar, Bonavina, Luigi, Piozzi, Guglielmo N., Migueláñez, Isabel Pascual, Merlini, David, Major, Piotr, Grimaldi, Luciano, Calu, Valentin, Curro, Giuseppe, Cotsoglou, Christian, Baldini, Edoardo, Delis, Spiros, Kovacevic, Bojan, Masetti, Michele, Selvaggi, Francesco, Scabini, Stefano, Reiti, Andrian, Zullo, Alessia, Giuliani, Antonio, Alesina, Pier Francesco, Massey, Lisa H., Slesser, Alistair A. P., Neary, Peter M., Sahnan, Kapil, Tan, Jessica J., Colucci, Gianluca, Brady, Richard R. W., Mihailescu, Andrei, Adamina, Michel, Gerogiannis, Ioannis, van Ramshorst, Gabrielle, Paradiso, Giulia, Poto, Gianmario Edoardo, Massaro, Daniele, Nazir, Fozia, Stubbs, Benjamin M., Tasselli, Francesco Menegon, Muñoz-Cruzado, Virginia Durán, Sabia, Domenico, Vannelli, Alberto, Marsella, Valentina Enrica, Tomada, Elisa Paoluzzi, Giambusso, Mauro, Davies, Justin, Uzzau, Alessandro, Balla, Andrea, Scaringi, Stefano, Lancellotti, Francesco, Douka, Eleftheria, Argenio, Giulio, Cassese, Gianluca, Ammendola, Michele, Morelli, Luca, Francone, Elisa, Bala, Miklosh, Thambi, Prem, Iacobone, Maurizio, Campisi, Andrea, Tejedor, Patricia, Spoletini, Gabriele, Mascherini, Matteo, Belia, Francesco, Idiz, Ufuk Oguz, Colak, Elif, Peters, Paul Adewunmi, Ros, Emilio Peña, Aytac, Erman, Vilallonga, Ramon, Serrablo, Alejandro, Muttillo, Edoardo Maria, Di Franco, Gregorio, Vanni, Gianluca, Isik, Arda, Sbacco, Valentina, Tropeano, Francesca Paola, Porcellini, Iride, Butler, Rebecca Jayne, Fernandez, Carmen Cagigas, Papadopoulos, Aristeidis, Salvans, Silvia, Khan, Jan Sher, Bellver, Pedro Palazón, Mc Farlane, Sebastian Jeri, Apostolou, Konstantinos, Tur-Martinez, Jaume, Castellano, Javier Rivera, Santoliquido, Matteo, Tallon-Aguilar, Luis, Celentano, Valerio, Aliyev, Vusal, al-Najami, Issam, Grama, Florin A., Masior, Łukasz, Ciesielski, Wojciech J., Luberto, Antonio, Sparavigna, Marco, Klimczak, Tomasz Jerzy, Negoi, Ionut, Serradilla-Martín, Mario, Marinis, Athanasios, Cammarat, Roberto, Bellido-luque, Juan, Manzo, Carlo Alberto, Milana, Flavio, Luglio, Gaetano, Zarnescu, Narcis Octavian, Martínez, Isidro, Olmi, Stefano, Costea, Radu V., Cerdán-Santacruz, Carlos, Gica, Nicolae, Rompianesi, Gianluca, Gallo, Gaetano, Ridolfi, Cristina, Sahid, Saidah, CC, Tommaso, López-Soler, Guillermo, Díaz, Carlos JGómez, Mccawley, Niamh, Luzzi, Andrea Pierre, Abelló, David, Bonito, Alba Correa, Ntomi, Vasileia, Gourgiotis, Stavros, Pazos, Natalia Suárez, Toscano, Marta Jiménez, Zafra, David Ambrona, Beisani, Marc, Oliva, Alba, Guler, Mert, Gómez, Marta Jiménez, Oddis, Lidia, Montcusí, Blanca, Delgado, Ander Timoteo, Lasarte, Mateusz PJęckowski Aingeru Sarriuga, Antonacci, Nicola, Sartori, Alberto, Taylor, John Vincent, de Santos Iglesias, Francisco Juan, Mastronardi, Manuela, Gunay, Emre, Yiu, Andrew, Cano-Valderrama, Oscar, Costantini, Giulia, Digne-Malcolm, Holly Jane, Petropoulou, Thalia, Horesh, Nir, Kelly, Michael E., Ahmed, Nauman, Wyroslak-Najs, Justyna, Naik, Prashant, Vigorita, Vincenzo, Michael, Michael, Castro, Ernest, Paspala, Anna, D'Ambrosio, Marco, Pangeni, Anang, Dziakova, Jana, Terés, Lara Blanco, Lorente-Poch, Leyre, Di Carlo, Isidoro, Spartalis, Michael, Moro-Valdezate, David, Davey, Matthew G., Turrado-Rodriguez, Victor, Tryliskyy, Yegor, Calussi, Marco, Farré, Silvia Pérez, Labat, Miriam Cazador, Marafante, Chiara, Takkenberg, Marijn, Brookes, Charlotte Elisabeth, Soares, Antonio S., Gialamas, Eleftherios, Caputo, Damiano, Corrons, Laia Codina, Capitano, Sante, Charalabopoulos, Alexandros, Don, Cristine Brooke Pathirannehalage, Marrano, Enrico, Giuffrida, Maria Carmela, Tomasicchio, Giovanni, Bellato, Vittoria, Stijns, Jasper, Creavin, Ben, Schizas, Dimitrios, Blanco-Antona, Francisco, Kykalos, Stylianos, Tartaglia, Nicola, Pelegrina, Amalia, Barranquero, Alberto G., Schena, Carlo Alberto, Cremona, Simone, Baili, Efstratia, Cianci, Pasquale, Di Bella, Annamaria, Forcignanò, Edoardo, Fabbrizio, Tiziana, Salvetti, Francesco, Inama, Marco, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Deerenberg, Eva B., Reccia, Isabella, Rocca, Aldo, Fazio, Federico, Tampakis, Athanasios, Tepelenis, Kostas, Di Meo, Giovanna, Konstantoudakis, Georgios, Manatakis, Dimitrios K., Mineccia, Michela, Delvecchio, Antonella, Faro, Carmelo Lo, Rosso, Edoardo, Bandyopadhyay, Samik K., Queffurus, Michael, Marin, Jacopo Nicolò, Corvasce, Arianna, Chillarge, Gauri, Mohammed, Mohammed Mustafa, Reid, Rebecca, Gherardi, Dario, Naeem, Awais, Pandanaboyana, Sanjay, Tayeh, Salim, Chevallay, Mickael, Sergeant, Gregory, Cuccomarino, Salvatore, Salimian, Nick, Kapsampelis, Panagiotis, Ferretti, Carlotta, Glasbey, James, Harvitkar, Rafique Umer, Iqbal, Muhammad Rafaih, de Oliveira, Gabriel Paiva, Pérez-Bertólez, Sonia, Bergna, Alessandro, Brisinda, Giuseppe, Rottoli, Matteo, Roscio, Francesco, Pedrazzani, Corrado, Meyer, Jeremy, Marino, Marco V., Brasset, Camille, Daniel, Clerc, Devriendt, Stefanie, Soldini, Gabriele, Pennisi, Damiano, Richards, Chris B., Fiore, Felicia, Bocchino, Antonio, Au, Stephanie, Hernandez-Garcia, Miguel, Frontali, Alice, Grossi, Ugo, Lolis, Evangelos, Miotto, Marco, Di Filippo, Giacomo, Seretis, Charalampos, Barberis, Andrea, De Luca, Raffaele, Levi Sandri, Giovanni Battista, Reitano, Elisa, Mattioli, Marco, Sciaudone, Guido, Fuschillo, Giacomo, Schiltz, Boris, Low, Juin, Bointas, Georgios, Cozza, Valerio, Delaune, Vaihere, Vescio, Francesca, Curcio, Silvia, Sevik, Husnu, Santocchi, Pietro, Stecca, Tommaso, Balaphas, Alexandre, Chessa, Antonella, Leo, Cosimo Alex, di Mola, Fabio F., Tarallo, Mariarita, Martini, Francesco, Lisi, Giorgio, Khan, Mansoor, Nicolazzi, Marco, Pinotti, Enrico, Morini, Andrea, Esposito, Giuseppe, Buonomo, Oreste Claudio, Corallino, Diletta, Demir, Anıl, Roesel, Raffaello, De Lucia, Chiara, Maruccia, Michele, Tekin, Oguzhan, Pavone, Giovanna, Gupta, Ashish, Pradelle, Irene, Chrysikos, Michael, Farrukh, Maira, Baiocchi, Gian Luca, Piras, Carla, Abellán, Antonio Melero, Olivieri, Laura, Materazzo, Marco, Carbone, Ludovico, Dulskas, Audrius, Mulita, Francesk, Corronca, Federico, Cappuccio, Micaela, Smerieri, Elia, Sotiropoulu, Maria, Violante, Tommaso, Moletta, Lucia, Rutegård, Martin, Brillantino, Antonio, Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor, Ossola, Paolo, Bono, Dario, Rosés, Helena Salvador, Perez-Sanchez, Luis E., Sabbatini, Sonia, Scotti, Mauro Alessandro, Cammarata, Roberto, Ibáñez, Noelia, Marano, Alessandra, Palmisano, Silvia, Cascales-Sanchez, Pedro, Mosca, Vinicio, Ballester, Cristina, Iordache-Petrescu, Madalina Ionela, Pozza, Gioia, Akay, Omer, Bollino, Ruggero, Toti, Johannes M. A., Mascianà, Gianluca, Pach, Radoslaw, Sensi, Bruno, Natalia, Savvala N., Coppola, Alessandro, Altinel, Yuksel, Brucchi, Francesco, Guitart, Marc Pérez, Salido, Andrea Jiménez, Tamini, Nicolò, Garoufalia, Zoe, Mifsut, Patricia, Wilkins, Alex, Navarro-Sánchez, Antonio, Cestaro, Giovanni, Conti, Luigi, Carvas, João M. B., Gazia, Carlo, Alonso, Patricia, Spiezio, Giovanni, Maggi, Giulia, Juloski, Jovan, Braccio, Bartolomeo, Pañella, Clara, Freixa, Celia Caula, Petrakis, Georgios, Folliero, Cristina, De Andrés-Asenjo, Beatriz, Iodice, Alessandra, Jansson, Hannes, González, Tomas Elosua, Ortega, Irene, Castro, Maria J., Fernicola, Agostino, Aparicio, Antonio Carlos Maya, Ortega, Nuria, Chouliaras, Christos, Tura, Marina Vila, Sidiropoulou, Zacharoula, Gonzalez, Ana, Augustin, Goran, Segura-Sampedro, Juan J., Cuk, Vladica, Piccolo, Gaetano, Ingallinella, Sara, Ortenzi, Monica, Uggeri, Fabio, Carrabetta, Salvatore, Tolonen, Matti, Formisano, Giampaolo, Manfredelli, Simone, Perra, Teresa, Esposito, Francesco, Perrone, Gennaro, Zacharis, Georgios, Menéndez, Jaime Iturbe, Bottcher, Sofia Maria Jaume, Ioannidis, Orestis, Borges, Nuno, Sousa, Xavier, Colombari, Renan C., Tellez, Clara, Capolupo, Gabriella Teresa, Giuliani, Giuseppe, Mastella, Federica, González, Lluis García, Merlini, Ilenia, Ghignone, Federico, de Sa, Tiago Correia, Mangana, Orsalia, Rodriguez-Lopez, Mario, Alvarez-Gallego, Mario, Chowdhury, Ashim, Di Lascio, Pierpaolo, Carneros, Virginia Jiménez, Angrisani, Marco, Conte, Luigi E., Montiel, Carmen Galiana, Ascari, Francesca, Dajti, Irida, Lapolla, Pierfrancesco, Sperotto, Beatrice, Mazzarella, Gennaro, Capuano, Marianna, Lopez, Maria Martinez, Ferrario, Luca, Bulte, Joris P., López, María Martínez, Guerci, Claudio, Marra, Angelo Alessandro, Belkacem, Acidi, Pérez, Raquel Escalera, Panyko, Arpád, Dimitrov, Evgeni, Luque, Eduardo J., Manrique, Mario Montes, Paranyak, Mykola, Kaur, Mandeep, Barugola, Giuliano, Farazi-Chongouki, Christos, Estaire-Gómez, Mercedes, del Olmo, Juan Carlos Martín, Nardo, Bruno, Mutlu, Arda Ulaş, Rubio, Ainhoa Valle, Merlini, David A., Marchegiani, Francesco, Cereda, Marco Angelo, Vinci, Danilo, Komaei, Iman, Petrucciani, Niccolo, Seyfried, Steffen, Krsicka, Petr, Medas, Fabio, Lesko, Dusan, Murzi, Valentina, Siragusa, Leandro, Guerrero, María Alejandra, Iranzo, Marina Alarcón, Cestino, Luca, Pasculli, Alessandro, Smerieri, Nazareno, Benzoni, Ilaria, Festa, Federico, Jordão, Daniel Filipe Martins, Licardie, Eugenio, Nicolaescu, Diana C., Balassone, Valerio, La Vaccara, Vincenzo, Romano, Fabrizio, Adamovich, Dmitry Mikhailovich, Papatheodorou, Panayiotis, Maroni, Norvana, Colás-Ruiz, Enrique, Melberga, Liene, Chimenti, Federica, Ferrari, Davide, Arcudi, Claudio, Police, Andrea, De Simone, Belinda, Sánchez-Guillén, Luis, Parreño-Manchado, Felipe Carlos, Rachadell, Juan José, Coletta, Diego, Saroglu, Azize, Pattacini, Gianmaria Casoni, Antonelli, Amedeo, Anania, Marco, Litta, Francesco, Lafranceschina, Stefano, Bottari, Andrea, Pavlovic, Mladen, Rojas-Bonet, Noel, Tampaki, Ekaterini Christina, Kosir, Jurij A., Anelli, Ferdinando M., de las Casas, Sara Gortázar, Kucukarslan, Rabia, Pierobon, Elisa Sefora, Milanesi, Maria, Drogouti, Maria, Sotiropoulou, Maria, Di Marco, Federica, Bannone, Elisa, Sliwinski, Svenja Christin, Yildiz, Ishak, Pellicciaro, Marco, Celotti, Andrea, Malerba, Michele, Marino, Fabio, Bourmpouteli, Eirini, Bianco, Giuseppe, Charitaki, Evgenia, Pascale, Marco Maria, Ioannidis, Argyrios, Maraska, Fatlum, Petagna, Lorenzo, Turri, Giulia, Vailas, Michail, Romanzi, Andrea, Pouwels, Sjaak, Rosa, Fausto, Clocchiatti, Lucrezia, Andreuccetti, Jacopo, Machairas, Nikolaos, Frountzas, Maximos, Lasithiotakis, Konstantinos, Barone, Mirko, Christodoulou, Prokopis, Potkonjak, Dario, Aiolfi, Alberto, de Vries, Hilbert S., Napetti, Sara, Castaldi, Antonio, Botelho, Pedro, Marziali, Irene, Uccelli, Matteo, Pisano, Michele, Veroux, Massimiliano, Locci, Eleonora, Romano, Angela, Cero, Mariagiulia Dal, Cicerchia, Pierfranco Maria, Baldi, Caterina, Russo, Iris Shari, Tenconi, Silvia Maria, Saliu, Fatmir, Bondurri, Andrea, Cardinali, Luca, Laracca, Giovanni Guglielmo, Martín-Pérez, Beatriz, Felsenreich, Daniel M., Cunha, Miguel, Zerbo, Domenico, Clementi, Marco, Delogu, Daniele, Iossa, Angelo, Bavikatte, Akshay Prasannakumar, Saracoglu, Can, Pecorelli, Nicolò, Tufo, Andrea, Biloslavo, Alan, Lianos, Georgios D., Carannante, Filippo, Costanzo, Antonio, Montuori, Mauro, Cigognini, Maria, Silvestro, Roberto, Atici, Semra Demirli, Milito, Pamela, Ferronetti, Antonio, Güngör, Mert, Di Venere, Beatrice, Puccioni, Caterina, De Nobili, Giovanni, Selvaggi, Lucio, Farolfi, Tommaso, Aeschbacher, Pauline, Olivier, James B., Frazzetta, Giuseppe, Andriola, Valeria, Giordano, Alessio, De Luca, Alessandro, Ferrara, Francesco, Casagranda, Biagio, Sammartano, Fabrizio, Russo, Alfio Alessandro, Rossi, Stefano, Pacilli, Mario, Synekidou, Eirini, Tutino, Roberta, Ceresoli, Marco, De Rosa, Michele, Di Santo Albini, Andrea G., Vincenzi, Paolo, Vellei, Samantha, Benzoni, Enrico, Murillo, Gabriela Aracelly Arroyo, Izzo, Giuliano, Scotto, Bruno, Caruso, Riccardo, Colombo, Francesco, D'Acapito, Fabrizio, Lostoridis, Eftychios, Saladino, Edoardo, Poillucci, Gaetano, Moeckli, Beat, Manto, Ottavia, Kara, Yasin, Tatar, Cihad, Cioffi, Stefano Piero Bernardo, Mambrilla, Sara, Bianchi, Valentina, Scopelliti, Michele, Agresta, Ferdinando, Nava, Andrea Kazemi, Franchi, Eloisa, Fransvea, Pietro, Prieto, Mikel, Picardi, Biagio, Rizzuto, Antonia, Panaccio, Paolo, Gussago, Stefano, Marra, Ester, Addeo, Pietro, Fernández Fernández, June, Gulmez, Mehmet, Pisaniello, Donatella, Cannavo, Maurizio, López-López, Victor, Avella, Pasquale, Peloso, Andrea, Bellanova, Giovanni, Candilio, Giuseppe, Perotti, Bruno, Granata, Roberta, Florio, Gaetano, Ioia, Giovanna, Iannone, Immacolata, Ammerata, Giorgio, Zambon, Martina, Romano, Francesco Maria, Del Monte, Simone Rossi, Sasia, Diego, Fortuna, Laura, Giuffrida, Mario, Litvin, Andrey, Cannistra, Marco, De Padua, Cristina, Sánchez, Tatiana Gómez, Paniagua-Garcia-Señorans, Marta, Guevara, Jenny, Perfecto, Arkaitz, Alconchel, Felipe, Campanelli, Michela, Keci, Laura, Cricrì, Michele, Kampouroglou, Georgios, Bagaglini, Giulia, Farrarons, Sara Sentí, Greco, Antonio, Walędziak, Maciej, Carvas, João M., Serrano-Navidad, Monica, Van Doorn, Berend, Schiavo, Ciro, Fabbri, Nicolò, Wani, Ishfaq Ahmad, Mondi, Isabella, Anestiadou, Elissavet, Mendes, Beatriz ISilva, Verdi, Daunia, Dorovinis, Panagiotis, Cacciaguerra, Andrea Benedetti, Caldeira, Beatriz, Canonico, Giuseppe, Dardanov, Dragomir, D'Ugo, Stefano, Francis, Fayez Maged, Meneghini, Simona, Pesce, Antonio, Puglisi, Silvana Bernadetta, Bellini, Maria Irene, Pisano, Marcello, Giordano, Marco, Fleres, Francesco, Campus, Federica, Cillara, Nicola, Moggia, Elisabetta, Ciarleglio, Francesco A., Calini, Giacomo, Gravante, Gianpiero, De Carlis, Riccardo, Altomare, Michele, Martines, Gennaro, Miggino, Marco, Marano, Luigi, Stocco, Alberto, Porcu, Alberto, Pham, Thuy Vy, Gervasi, Maria Clelia, Pilia, Tiziana, Palomba, Giuseppe, Picchetto, Andrea, Spampinato, Marcello Giuseppe, Tandoi, Francesco, Piccoli, Micaela, Gall, Malina ECaraiman, Santos, Bárbara Ribeiro, Agastra, Ervis, Koëter, Tijmen, Samadov, Elgun, Marsanic, Patrizia, Serena, De Fatico Gilda, Uzunoglu, Mustafa Yener, Zanus, Giacomo, Braholli, Eriol, Giovine, Gennaro, Galiffa, Giampaolo, Lauricella, Sara, Lukmonov, Saidrakhim, Leventoglu, Sezai, Chooklin, Serge, Dudi-Venkata, Nagendra N., and Gauci, Chahaya M.
Abstract: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS (R) v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 +/- 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 +/- 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 +/- 4.9 and 7.8 +/- 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 +/- 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI.
Published: 2024

12. Nexus of circular economy R0 to R9 principles in integrated reporting: Insights from a multiple case study comparison

Author: Nazir, S, Doni, F, Nazir, Sarfraz, Doni, Federica, Nazir, S, Doni, F, Nazir, Sarfraz, and Doni, Federica
Abstract: Over recent years, the Circular Economy (CE) has turned into a debated area worldwide as a way of achieving a more sustainable society. However, little is known about how companies can disclose CE-related activities in their corporate reporting. This paper aims to explore how and to what extent CE-related information is included in Integrated Reporting (IR) practices by promoting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study applies qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis approaches to explore the associations with CE, IR, the six capitals and SDGs. The institutional theory approach has been adopted to justify incorporating CE R-principles activities into IR practices. Multiple case study findings demonstrate that every case company minimum one time cites the CE R principle, while case companies seen to be more involved in the reduce (R1), reuse (R2) and recycle (R7) are engaged with IR practices and focussing on SDGs. Whereas coercive, normative, and mimetic isomorphism mechanism substantially impacts CE activities concerning IR practices, we can argue that mimetic isomorphisms need further investigation because no structures and frameworks are available. In terms of managerial implications, this study proposed a combined framework of CE and IR that provides a conceptual picture of how CE activities intermesh with the IR framework and the six capitals, both essential for the Sustainable Development (SD) agenda participation and value creation process of companies.
Published: 2024

13. "It's just how I am … it's just the way I am" : the educational experience of young people looked after living in residential care : an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis

Author: Nazir, Maryam and Williams, Anthony
Subjects: 370.15
Abstract: This study set out to explore the educational experiences of young people looked after living in residential care. Current research in this area identified that the data concerning the educational placements and outcomes for young people looked after had improved. However, there is a need for further research to explore the process of engagement with learning and the impact of relationship based learning on young people looked after living in residential homes (Brodie, 2009). The present study used a qualitative methodology, encapsulating a case study method to hone in on the experiences of five young people living in a residential children’s home. The young people were interviewed using a semi-structured interview method and their responses analysed utilising an interpretive phenomenological method. The findings illustrated five superordinate themes. The first being that the young people valued their voice to be heard and acted upon; and they also needed a sense of social justice, space and privacy. The young people placed value on relationships in schools through having some sense of connectedness and intimacy which supported them reaching their potential and achieving their aspirations. In light of the findings I have also considered the role of Educational Psychology and how best to support young people looked after achieve better outcomes at a systems and an individual level. Throughout the research I was interested in the experiences of individuals that are on the periphery of mainstream systems and experiences of social injustice that exist for young people at the margins. My post submission reflections made me come to the realisation that despite my best efforts I have not always been able to represent the true voice of the young people within this research.
Published: 2017

14. Development and characterization of collagen type I and hyaluronic acid (HA) based interlaced scaffolds for tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVS)

Author: Nazir, Rabia and Czernuszka, Jan T.
Subjects: 610.28
Abstract: An ideal scaffold for the regeneration of valvular tissue should replicate the natural heart valve extracellular matrix (ECM) in terms of microstructure and properties. Tissue engineers have achieved limited success so far in designing an ideal scaffold; scaffolds lack in mechanical compatibility, appropriate degradation rate, and microstructural similarity. This thesis, therefore, is the first attempt to develop interlaced scaffolds from collagen type I and hyaluronic acid (HA), polymers found in the natural valve, via a modified carbodiimide based crosslinking technique. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and images of Alcian blue - Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stained samples suggested that our crosslinking technique yielded an ECM mimicking microstructure with interlaced bands of collagen and HA in the hybrid scaffolds. Hybrid scaffolds also offered a wide range of pore size (66 - 126 μm) which fulfilled the criteria for valvular tissue regeneration. Swelling studies revealed that crosslinking densities of parent networks increased with increasing the concentration of the crosslinking agents whereas crosslinking densities of hybrid scaffolds averaged from those of parent collagen and HA networks. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that this technique could crosslink collagen type I and HA without denaturation. Also, no intermediate phase formation between collagen and HA could be detected. Elastic moduli increased with increasing crosslinking densities, in the dry and wet state, for parent networks whereas those of interlaced scaffolds were higher than either network alone. Compressive, bending, and storage moduli ranged from 35 ± 5 kPa to 95 ± 5 kPa, 154 ± 12 kPa to 1660 ± 7 kPa, and 16 ± 2 kPa to 113 ± 6 kPa respectively in the dry state. Corresponding wet mechanical moduli ranged from 1 ± 0.3 kPa to 5 ± 0.1 kPa, 7 ± 2 kPa to 55 ± 4 kPa, and 2 ± 0.4 to 9 ± 2 respectively. Bending and storage moduli, in the dry state, matched and exceeded those of human aortic valve leaflets (HAVL). Similarly, degradation resistance increased with increasing the crosslinking densities for collagen only and HA only scaffolds. Interlaced scaffolds showed partial degradation in the presence of either collagenase or hyaluronidase as compared to when exposed to both enzymes together. These results agreed with FTIR and SEM that interlaced scaffolds were composed of independent collagen and HA networks without crosslinking between them. Cardiosphere derived cells (CDCs) attached and proliferated on all scaffolds in cell culture experiments as confirmed by AlamarBlue® assay and SEM images. The increase in crosslinking density, however, affected the cell affinity because of the engagement of the cell-attachment sites in the crosslinking process. CDCs seeded scaffolds also showed 50 % increase in bending modulus after 28 days of culture. While evaluated against the criterion for tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV), S-3 and S-4 among interlaced scaffolds/compositions not only matched mechanically but also showed high degradation resistance which potentially made them as 'close-fit' candidates. Findings from this thesis indicated that collagen/HA interlaced scaffolds have the potential to fill in the niche for designing an ideal TEHV. Furthermore, the properties of the interlaced scaffolds, fabricated by our crosslinking technique, can be tailored by controlling the crosslinking density which can also widen the scope of these scaffolds for other tissue engineering applications such as bone, cartilage etc.
Published: 2017

15. The role of real world evidence in the cost-effectiveness analyses for pharmacological treatments in overactive bladder

Author: Nazir, Mohammed Jameel
Subjects: 616.6
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the extent to which cost-effectiveness of a recently launched drug in the treatment of overactive bladder is supported by real world evidence. The demand for real world effectiveness data by Payers and decision-makers is increasing to better manage the uncertainty at the time of making reimbursement decisions. Real world data can help to fill the knowledge gap between clinical trials and actual clinical practice. Overactive bladder is one of many chronic conditions likely to impact people as they age. It is a common condition characterised by a group of lower urinary tract storage symptoms, which has a profound and measurable negative effect on patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The economic burden of OAB is also considerable. Antimuscarincs have been the mainstay pharmacological treatment for OAB for over 30 years, but adverse events and persistence on medication remain a key issue. Mirabegron, a ß3 adrenoceptor agonist provides an alternative option. The thesis presents and critiques 9 peer-reviewed publications to demonstrate the value evidence generated pre-health-technology assessment (HTA) and that generated post-health -technology assessment in clinical practice. Each publication adds a new building block to the value proposition, and a sophistication of methods that help illustrate the value of the new drug compared to competing alternatives. The impact of OAB on patient HRQoL is explored through analyses of both disease specific and generic validated patient reported outcome (PRO) instruments. Utility values are also derived for the purposes of health economic modelling. The comparison of efficacy and safety of mirabegron with other competing alternatives is assessed using network meta-analysis (NMA), a requirement from most HTA bodies in the absence of head-to-head evidence. The outputs from the NMA and the PRO analyses are then applied to a series of trial based and NMA based HE models to assess the cost-effectiveness of mirabegron. This is followed by an assessment of effectiveness through analysis of a large retrospective database to see if indeed cost-effectiveness is supported in the clinical practice. The thesis concludes that cost-effectiveness of mirabegron is broadly supported by Real world evidence in terms of persistence and adherence while also highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the current research and making recommendations for future research.
Published: 2017

16. Automotive radar target detection using ambiguity function

Author: Nazir, Mahvish
Subjects: 621.382, TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering, TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics
Abstract: The risk of collision increases, as the number of cars on the road increases. Automotive radar is an important way to improve road traffic safety and provide driver assistance. Adaptive cruise control, parking aid, pre-crash warning etc. are some of the applications of automotive radar which are already in use in many luxury cars today. In automotive radar a commonly used modulation waveform is the linear frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW); the return signal contains the range and velocity information about the target related through the beat frequency equation. Existing techniques retrieve target information by applying a threshold to the Fourier power spectrum of the returned signal, to eliminate weak responses. This method has a risk of missing a target in a multi-target situation if its response falls below the threshold. It is also common to use multiple wide angle radar sensors to cover a wider angle of observation. This results in detecting a large number of targets. The ranges and velocities of targets in automotive applications create ambiguity which is heightened by the large number of responses received from wide angle set of sensors. This thesis reports a novel strategy to resolve the range-velocity ambiguity in the interpretation of FMCW radar returns that is suitable for use in automotive radar. The radar ambiguity function is used in a novel way with the beat frequency equation relating range and velocity to interpret radar responses. This strategy avoids applying a threshold to the amplitude of the Fourier spectrum of the radar return. This novel radar interpretation strategy is assessed by a simulation which demonstrates that targets can be detected and their range and velocity estimated without ambiguity using the combined information from the radar returns and existing radar ambiguity function.
Published: 2016

17. In-situ corrosion health monitoring and prediction in miltary vehicles

Author: Nazir, Mian Hammad
Subjects: 620.1
Abstract: Military vehicles are at a constant threat from harsh operational conditions in terms of temperature variations, humidity and exposure to atmospheric or aggressive chemical environments. These conditions are responsible for structural and components’ failure due to various corrosion failure mechanisms. Protective coatings tend to prevent the effect of physical and chemical attack on substrates. However, in some circumstances this attack is promoted, rather than hindered, and this results in the failure of coatings. This thesis presents novel theoretical models for three modes of coating failures i.e. micro-cracks effects, blistering and edge delamination. These models can be used for the analysis of coating failure initiation and propagation, especially useful for coating life assessment. The models follow multidisciplinary approach coupling the concepts of thermodynamics, fracture mechanics and electrochemistry. Novel equations involving inter-related multidisciplinary parameters are developed for stress-assisted diffusion rate, crack driving force and corrosion current density. These novel equations can be used by the manufacturers to design durable systems and can also be utilised for prognostics. Simple criterions i.e. critical/threshold values are identified which exclude the possibility of widespread coating failure propagation. The developed models are based on comprehensive experimental studies, which are also used to validate the theoretical predictions. The fundamental property which often dictates the performance of a coating is its adhesion to the substrate. There are many experimental techniques to measure the adhesion and analytical techniques to predict and optimise the adhesion failures. Many factors influence the adhesion of coating and substrate such as mechanical properties of the coating and substrate, the interface properties, the microstructure of the coating/substrate system, residual stress and coating thickness. Apart from these properties, the environmental conditions in which the coating-substrate system is exposed also affects the adhesion of coating and substrate. There are many modes of failures of coating-substrate system which either result from defects in coatings such as micro-cracks, interfacial defects such as micro-voids or result from stresses which are too large. Interfaces are intrinsic to these systems, and they are susceptible to interface debonding or delamination. The evolution of micro-cracks in coating layer is possible when tensile stresses develop during fabrication. The micro-cracks in the coatings can provide the pathways for the corrosive species to diffuse towards the interface causing interfacial corrosion of substrate. During application, these micro-cracks can open wide in the presence of tensile stress therefore accelerating the interfacial corrosion due to high diffusion rate of corrosive species. On the other hand these micro-cracks can constrict under the effect of compressive stress and therefore reducing the interfacial corrosion due to low diffusivity. However under the effect of compressive stress, blistering can occur. High compressive stress can cause the blister to propagate in a stable axisymmetric circular pattern till it loses its stability and becomes unstable forming tunnel blistering. Another failure mode is the edge delamination, the propagation rate of which depends on the transport of corrosive species through the defect at edge and electrochemical reactions at the interface. Experiments are reported for each failure mode by using a model coating-substrate system chosen to allow the visualisation of the interface and to permit coating failure propagation along the interface. For micro-cracks analysis, the effects of tensile and compressive stresses on micro-cracks behaviour in the presence of diffusing corrosive species are studied. The experiments are reported for coating-substrate system chosen to allow the visualisation of the interface and to permit the tensile and compressive stresses in the film to be generated over a full range of interest by exploiting the thermal expansion mismatch of the system when exposed to the environmental chamber. Similarly for blistering analysis, the coating-substrate system with micro-void (defect) at the interface is subjected to high compressive stresses in the presence of corrosive species. The study bear out the theoretical prediction of a regime of axisymmetric stable circular growth which gives way to non-axisymmetric tunnel blisters after circular blister becomes sufficiently large and unstable. For edge delamination analysis, the delamination propagation as a result of electrochemical reactions due to high diffusivity through artificial defects is studied. The delamination mechanism is also studied for variable environmental conditions during intended application such as uncertain vehicle movement (in-out) and annual weather changes.
Published: 2016

18. Changes in eating behaviour and meal patterns following vertical sleeve gastrectomy

Author: Abdeen, Ghalia Nazir, Le Roux, Carel, and Miras, Alexander
Subjects: 617.4
Abstract: Anecdotal evidence from clinical observations and evidence in rodents after vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) suggest a shift in food preferences. Direct measures of behaviour to study the effects of VSG on the food preferences are unknown. This study aimed to investigate (1) Changes in eating behaviour and meal patterns after VSG, (2) Changes in sweet taste detection thresholds after VSG, (3) Changes in appetitive behaviour as a marker of changes in reward after VSG, and (4) Changes in consummatory behaviour as a marker of changes in reward after VSG in adolescents' subjects. The project recruited 50 adolescents after VSG and 35 as controls. The ages were 15 ± 0.27 and 14 ± 0.28 for the subjects after VSG and controls respectively. 42 % of the subjects were females and 58 % males, with the mean BMI of (51.1 ± 1.0) for VSG and (31.9 ± 1.1) for control subject. The parameters recorded for each aim included; Aim 1: Meal duration, meal size, pre-meal hunger and post-meal satiation that were assessed before and after VSG. Attitudes to foods, 24h recall method and FFQ were measured. Aim 2: The intensity of sweet taste stimuli assessed before and after VSG, using the constant stimuli methods. Aim 3: The appetitive reward of fat and sweet taste stimuli was assessed before and after VSG, using the Progressive Ratio Task. Aim 4: The consummatory reward of fat and sweet taste stimuli was assessed before and after VSG, using taste reactivity by recording and analysing facial expressions to determine the ingestive behaviour in response to stimulants. The results demonstrated; Aim 1: Changes in food preferences towards healthier choices, eating behaviour and meal pattern after VSG (all p < 0.05). Aim 2: No changes in sucrose detection threshold after VSG (p= 0.6). Aim 3: Appetitive reward value as measured by the breakpoint of the tastant decreased after VSG (p=0.02). Aim 4: Consummatory reward value of the tastant as measured by behaviours associated with positive ingestive behaviours decreased after VSG as well (p= 0.03). In conclusion obese adolescents after VSG have a shift in food preferences to healthier food choices, as well as eating behaviour and meal patterns. VSG changed the Hedonic value of high fat and sugary food as suggested by changes in Appetitive and Consummatory behaviour in response. However VSG had no effect on the sensory domain as regards sweet sensitivity. Taken together VSG may improve the quality of food selected after surgery by reducing the reward value of high fat and sugary foods.
Published: 2016
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19. Improving understanding and access to treatment for eating disorders among British South Asian females

Author: Nazir, Bushra and Peters, Sarah
Subjects: 362.19685, Eating Disorders, South Asian females, Access to treatment
Abstract: Introduction: Eating disorders were previously regarded as a Western culture-bound syndrome affecting only young Western women. However they have been described in the UK and in across the world. Research has highlighted the prevalence of disordered eating among South Asian females. However little is known about the process of how this comes about, and little qualitative research has been conducted in this area. This research aimed to understand the issues relating to the development and maintenance of eating disorders among South Asian females and their help seeking behavior, as well as the barriers to accessing treatment. Methods: Three main studies were carried out; two systematic reviews, a review of prevalence (study 1), a qualitative review (study 2) and a qualitative study (study 3). For study 1, the review was planned and reported with reference to MOOSE guidelines (Stroup et al 2000) for systematic reviews of observational studies. For study 2, the quality of the studies was appraised in accordance with Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Criteria (CASP 2013), qualitative research check list. For both reviews, a systematic literature search was conducted across four data basis, Psychinfo, Medline, CINAL and EMBASE. All articles were screened against inclusion/exclusion criteria. The data extracted from the selected studies was tabulated in a way that demonstrated the methodological robustness and cultural quality of each study was also reported. For the qualitative study (study 3), semi-structured interviews were carried out with three groups of participants, ten South Asian females with eating disorders, seven parents and siblings and eighteen health care professionals. Results: For study 1, thirteen studies were initially selected. Overall, these studies reported higher prevalence of Bulimia among Asian females in the UK compared to Caucasian females. Studies conducted in Pakistan and India reported a lower prevalence rate of diagnosable eating disorders than reported in Western countries. In study 2, three studies were selected. They identified important themes; cultural conflict and controlling families. In study 3, two overarching themes were identified with corresponding sub-themes; development and maintenance of eating disorders in the context of family and cultural conflict; barriers and facilitators to accessing treatment. Conclusions: Reviewed prevalence study findings highlighted a need to consider the adaptation of measuring tools, as eating disorders may present differently in different cultures, and diagnostic criteria based on Western norms may not always be appropriate. There was a lack of qualitative studies and those available were of poor quality. The main aetiology and maintenance of Eating Disorders reported by South Asian females were focused on conflict with family and culture. Seeking treatment was difficult for these women due to stigma, shame, issues of confidentiality and lack of training and understanding in cultural competence among health care professionals.
Published: 2016

20. The role of heparin and heparin-binding growth factors in pre-eclampsia

Author: Nazir Ahmad Mohamad, Farha
Subjects: 615.7
Abstract: The aims of this study tested the hypothesis that expression of heparin-binding growth factors (HBGFs) in normal placental development was altered in a specific pregnancy disorder preeclampsia. HBGFs bind to heparin, a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) affecting activity. I investigated the role of heparin and HBGFs in pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. Placental tissue from a cohort study of 87 women was performed following uncomplicated pregnancy at term, but not in labour (TNL, n=26), preterm labour (PTL, n=17), following labour onset (TL, n=21), first trimester (FNL, n=4) and pre-eclampsia (PE, n=19). The HBGFs studied were vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PLGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), midkine (MK), pleiotrophin (PTN), and cluster differentiation (CD105). The localisation of HBGFs and receptors VEGFR-1, /(sflt-1), PLGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and FGF2R-1 in placenta were detected. The expression of VEGF, PLGF, FGF2, HGF, PDGF, CD105 was confined to villous trophoblast, endothelial cells except for MK, HB-EGF and PTN was specifically to villous trophoblast. The total RNA production in human placentae samples (n=7) from PE and controls were analysed using qRTPCR. Placental expression of mRNA was extracted for primer assays of PLGF, FGF2, MK, PTN, and endogenous housekeeping gene as Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA). FGF2 and SDHA mRNA expression was significantly different using Mann-Whitney U test. An in vitro villous trophoblast invasion model was performed with human fibrosarcoma HT1080 invasive cells (positive control), mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH/3T3 non-invasive cells (negative control) and immortalised human primary villous trophoblastic cell lines TCL-1.The greatest stimulation was by FGF2, PDGF-BB, HGF, MK and co-incubation with heparin enhanced these responses, except for PTN using the Mann-Whitney U test. Heparin’s role is indicated in mediating the effects of HBGFs. It’s suggests heparin therapeutic use in the treatment of pre-eclampsia.
Published: 2016

21. Management of Hand Eczema with Unani Medicine: A Case Study

Author: Wani, Khalid Rahim, Shah, Nadeem Ahmad, Ashraf, Aaqib, Wani, Nasir Nazir, Wani, Khalid Rahim, Shah, Nadeem Ahmad, Ashraf, Aaqib, and Wani, Nasir Nazir
Abstract: Background: Eczema, is a common chronic skin condition that can lead to recurrent infections and poor quality of life if left untreated. This paper presents the case of a 30-year-old male patient, who came to the outpatient department (OPD) of the Kashmir Tibbia College Hospital and Research Centre, Shilvath, Bandipora, Kashmir, India. Clinical presentation: His chief complaints were lesions on the palm of his left hand for one year. The patient also complains that his skin is black and thickened with severe itching on the affected area. Diagnosis: The patient was diagnosed clinically with hand eczema resembling Nar-e-Farsi in the Unani system of medicine. Interventions: For 30 days, Marham Kafoor was topically applied twice a day at a dose of 8-10 gm. Outcome: The patient was assessed before, the 15th day and 30th day of treatment based on the EASI, POEM, and VAS. Results: After the intervention, significant improvement was observed in all scales from baseline to 30th day. EASI changes from 18 (moderate) to 5 (mild), POEM changes from 19 (severe) to 7(mild), and VAS from 8 (severe) to 1 (mild). Conclusion: Marham Kafoor has been proven beneficial in treating hand eczema and enhancing patients' quality of life Keywords: Eczema; Marham Kafoor; Unani Medicine
Published: 2024

22. Slim laden met flexibele nettarieven in Utrecht: Openbare eindrapportage

Author: Brinkel, Nico, van der Ree, Bart, Markotic, Peter, Fidder, Henk, Kuiper, Leon, Berg, Robin, Refa, Nazir, van der Poel, Seléne, Brinkel, Nico, van der Ree, Bart, Markotic, Peter, Fidder, Henk, Kuiper, Leon, Berg, Robin, Refa, Nazir, and van der Poel, Seléne
Published: 2024

23. Sustainable Practice of Ifrs And Economic Growth: Evidence From A Case Study on A Developing Country

Author: Javed, Sarfaraz, Nazir, Sajjad, Malik, Ghulam Mustafa, Khan, Azeem Ahmad, Jalil, Syed, Javed, Sarfaraz, Nazir, Sajjad, Malik, Ghulam Mustafa, Khan, Azeem Ahmad, and Jalil, Syed
Abstract: This research aims to investigate whether there is a link between the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the benefits of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), both of which were significant contributors to Afghanistan's economic growth between 2003 and 2020. This study uses panel integration and causality assessment. It looks into the underlying causes of the problem in terms of short- and long-term partnerships, as well as diversity. The findings of this study support the existence of a positive and significant relationship between the adoption of IFRS and the flow of FDI, as well as the correlation between them. Furthermore, the examination of causes shows that IFRS-related FDI is both a short-term source of EG and a long-term cause of diversification. The analysis of causes demonstrates this. This study investigates Afghanistan and expands on the relationship between IFRS acquisition and FDI income. This research could help developing countries that use IFRS and those that do not use IFRS identify the financial implications of IFRS practices and boost economic growth.
Published: 2024

24. Millets: Ancient Grains to Shree Anna

Author: Nitu Kumari, Meera Kumari, Alpana Kusum, S. M. Lokhande, A.B. Madavi, S. A. Patil, Ganesh B. Mite, Raies A. Bhat, Seerat Jan, Muzzammil Kousar, Sadaf Saad, Gazanfar Gani, Parthivi Nayak, Dr. Ankita Sharma, Amul Yadav, Shubhamay Dey, Megha Mondal, Rounak Debnath, Riya Bawali, Raise A. Bhat, Ruby Jan, Nazir A. Bumla, Vikash Tyagi, Sudhanshu Singh, Yashraj, Ruchika Choudhary, Manish Tomar, Kannoj, Neeraj, Maharaj Satwika, T. Hemanth, Er. Rina Sabalpara, Dr. S. P. Cholera, Dr. Maulik L. Ramani, Dr. Arun Prabha, Dr. G. M. Solanke, Dr. Patil Samsher Namdev, Dr. S. M. Lokhande, Dr. Kadam Shahaji Munjaji, Nitu Kumari, Meera Kumari, Alpana Kusum, S. M. Lokhande, A.B. Madavi, S. A. Patil, Ganesh B. Mite, Raies A. Bhat, Seerat Jan, Muzzammil Kousar, Sadaf Saad, Gazanfar Gani, Parthivi Nayak, Dr. Ankita Sharma, Amul Yadav, Shubhamay Dey, Megha Mondal, Rounak Debnath, Riya Bawali, Raise A. Bhat, Ruby Jan, Nazir A. Bumla, Vikash Tyagi, Sudhanshu Singh, Yashraj, Ruchika Choudhary, Manish Tomar, Kannoj, Neeraj, Maharaj Satwika, T. Hemanth, Er. Rina Sabalpara, Dr. S. P. Cholera, Dr. Maulik L. Ramani, Dr. Arun Prabha, Dr. G. M. Solanke, Dr. Patil Samsher Namdev, Dr. S. M. Lokhande, and Dr. Kadam Shahaji Munjaji
Abstract: "Millets: Ancient Grains to Shree Anna" is an insightful exploration of the history, nutritional value, and future potential of millets, ancient grains that have sustained human civilizations for thousands of years. The book provides a comprehensive overview of various millet types, such as pearl, finger, foxtail, and barnyard millets, showcasing their remarkable adaptability to diverse and challenging growing conditions. This resilience makes millets a crucial crop in the face of climate change and food security concerns. The book delves into the rich nutritional profile of millets, highlighting their high fiber content, essential minerals, and proteins, which contribute to numerous health benefits. These include improved digestion, better management of diabetes, and enhanced cardiovascular health. The author also emphasizes the importance of millets in traditional diets across Africa, Asia, and other regions, underscoring their cultural and culinary significance. "Millets: Ancient Grains to Shree Anna" also addresses the modern resurgence of millets as superfoods, driven by growing awareness of their health benefits and sustainable agricultural practices. The book advocates for the integration of millets into contemporary diets and offers practical advice on cooking and preparing these versatile grains. Through recipes and meal planning tips, readers are encouraged to experiment with millets and discover their potential in a variety of dishes.By combining historical context, nutritional information, and practical guidance, "Millets: Ancient Grains to Shree Anna" serves as both an educational resource and a culinary inspiration. It aims to foster a deeper appreciation for these ancient grains and promote their adoption in modern diets for a healthier and more sustainable future.
Published: 2024

25. Khajur (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Medicinal importance in perspective of Unani medicine and pharmacological studies

Author: Jalal , Barjees, Hamid, Shugufta, Alam, Mahboob, Wani, Nasir Nazir, Wani, Khalid Rahim, Jalal , Barjees, Hamid, Shugufta, Alam, Mahboob, Wani, Nasir Nazir, and Wani, Khalid Rahim
Abstract: The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is recognized as one of humanity's earliest cultivated plants, having served as a food source for over 6000 years. It holds a prominent status as the most favoured fruit in the Middle East and North Africa. Date fruit has a long history of consumption and traditional medicinal use. Whether eaten fresh or dried, dates offer a rich source of energy due to their exceptional nutritional content and extended shelf life. They provide an economical means of obtaining essential nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers. Furthermore, date fruit exhibits a diverse range of pharmacological effects including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic and many more. It is also beneficial in disorders of paralysis, sexual debility, fever etc. Date palm fruits offer a natural and safe alternative or complement to synthetic drugs in managing numerous health conditions. Keywords: Dates, Phoenix dactylifera, Arecaceae/Palmae, Khajur, Unani Medicine.
Published: 2024

26. Strategic optimization framework considering unobservability in multi-voltage active distribution networks

Author: Baviskar, Aeishwarya, Nazir, Firdous U., Hansen, Anca D., Das, Kaushik, Pal, Bikash C., Baviskar, Aeishwarya, Nazir, Firdous U., Hansen, Anca D., Das, Kaushik, and Pal, Bikash C.
Abstract: An increase in the share of weather-dependent generation at low voltage levels necessitates incorporating the low-voltage network in optimizing a distribution network. Optimization in a multi-voltage network requires significant computation time and effort due to many nodes operating at different voltage levels. This research proposes a decomposition and strategic optimization method to reduce the computation requirements for such large multi-voltage distribution networks. The proposed algorithm reduces the space complexity and the computation time required for solving the optimization routines of these multi-voltage distribution networks. A virtual transformer model incorporates tap-changer as a continuous variable in the semidefinite programming power flow optimization model. The zero-duality gap condition for multiple virtual transformers is proven empirically. Compared to a centralized optimization using the same power flow model, the proposed framework reduced the computation time by 96%.
Published: 2024

27. Influence of emulsification conditions on the preparation of nanoparticle-stabilized antibubbles: High-shear homogenization versus premix membrane emulsification

Author: Zia, Rabia, Nazir, Akmal, Poortinga, Albert T., van Nostrum, Cornelus F., Zia, Rabia, Nazir, Akmal, Poortinga, Albert T., and van Nostrum, Cornelus F.
Published: 2024

28. 1-year health outcomes associated with systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study.

Author: Leavy, Olivia C, Russell, Richard J, Harrison, Ewen M, Lone, Nazir I, Kerr, Steven, Docherty, Annemarie B, Sheikh, Aziz, Richardson, Matthew, Elneima, Omer, Greening, Neil J, Harris, Victoria Claire, Houchen-Wolloff, Linzy, McAuley, Hamish J C, Saunders, Ruth M, Sereno, Marco, Shikotra, Aarti, Singapuri, Amisha, Aul, Raminder, Beirne, Paul, Bolton, Charlotte E, Brown, Jeremy S, Choudhury, Gourab, Diar Bakerly, Nawar, Easom, Nicholas, Echevarria, Carlos, Fuld, Jonathan, Hart, Nick, Hurst, John R, Jones, Mark, Parekh, Dhruv, Pfeffer, Paul, Rahman, Najib M, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Shah, Ajay M, Wootton, Dan G, Jolley, Caroline, Thompson, A A Roger, Chalder, Trudie, Davies, Melanie J, De Soyza, Anthony, Geddes, John R, Greenhalf, William, Heller, Simon, Howard, Luke, Jacob, Joseph, Jenkins, R Gisli, Lord, Janet M, Man, Will D-C, McCann, Gerry P, Neubauer, Stefan, Openshaw, Peter J M, Porter, Joanna, Rowland, Matthew J, Scott, Janet T, Semple, Malcolm G, Singh, Sally J, Thomas, David, Toshner, Mark, Lewis, Keir, Heaney, Liam G, Briggs, Andrew, Zheng, Bang, Thorpe, Mathew, Quint, Jennifer K, Chalmers, James D, Ho, Ling-Pei, Horsley, Alex, Marks, Michael, Poinasamy, Krisnah, Raman, Betty, Wain, Louise V, Brightling, Christopher E, Evans, Rachael A, Leavy, Olivia C, Russell, Richard J, Harrison, Ewen M, Lone, Nazir I, Kerr, Steven, Docherty, Annemarie B, Sheikh, Aziz, Richardson, Matthew, Elneima, Omer, Greening, Neil J, Harris, Victoria Claire, Houchen-Wolloff, Linzy, McAuley, Hamish J C, Saunders, Ruth M, Sereno, Marco, Shikotra, Aarti, Singapuri, Amisha, Aul, Raminder, Beirne, Paul, Bolton, Charlotte E, Brown, Jeremy S, Choudhury, Gourab, Diar Bakerly, Nawar, Easom, Nicholas, Echevarria, Carlos, Fuld, Jonathan, Hart, Nick, Hurst, John R, Jones, Mark, Parekh, Dhruv, Pfeffer, Paul, Rahman, Najib M, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Shah, Ajay M, Wootton, Dan G, Jolley, Caroline, Thompson, A A Roger, Chalder, Trudie, Davies, Melanie J, De Soyza, Anthony, Geddes, John R, Greenhalf, William, Heller, Simon, Howard, Luke, Jacob, Joseph, Jenkins, R Gisli, Lord, Janet M, Man, Will D-C, McCann, Gerry P, Neubauer, Stefan, Openshaw, Peter J M, Porter, Joanna, Rowland, Matthew J, Scott, Janet T, Semple, Malcolm G, Singh, Sally J, Thomas, David, Toshner, Mark, Lewis, Keir, Heaney, Liam G, Briggs, Andrew, Zheng, Bang, Thorpe, Mathew, Quint, Jennifer K, Chalmers, James D, Ho, Ling-Pei, Horsley, Alex, Marks, Michael, Poinasamy, Krisnah, Raman, Betty, Wain, Louise V, Brightling, Christopher E, and Evans, Rachael A
Abstract: In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring supplemental oxygen, dexamethasone reduces acute severity and improves survival, but longer-term effects are unknown. We hypothesised that systemic corticosteroid administration during acute COVID-19 would be associated with improved health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 1 year after discharge. Adults admitted to hospital between February 2020 and March 2021 for COVID-19 and meeting current guideline recommendations for dexamethasone treatment were included using two prospective UK cohort studies (Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium). HRQoL, assessed by the EuroQol-Five Dimensions-Five Levels utility index (EQ-5D-5L UI), pre-hospital and 1 year after discharge were compared between those receiving corticosteroids or not after propensity weighting for treatment. Secondary outcomes included patient-reported recovery, physical and mental health status, and measures of organ impairment. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken to account for survival and selection bias. Of the 1888 participants included in the primary analysis, 1149 received corticosteroids. There was no between-group difference in EQ-5D-5L UI at 1 year (mean difference 0.004, 95% CI -0.026-0.034). A similar reduction in EQ-5D-5L UI was seen at 1 year between corticosteroid exposed and nonexposed groups (mean±sd change -0.12±0.22 -0.11±0.22). Overall, there were no differences in secondary outcome measures. After sensitivity analyses modelled using a cohort of 109 318 patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, EQ-5D-5L UI at 1 year remained similar between the two groups. Systemic corticosteroids for acute COVID-19 have no impact on the large reduction in HRQoL 1 year after hospital discharge. Treatments to address the persistent reduction in HRQoL are urgently needed.
Published: 2024

29. Battalogy : Empowering Battery Data Management through Ontology-driven Knowledge Graph

Author: Ismail, Muhamamd, Ali Fareedi, Abid, Nazir, Hammad, Ismail, Muhamamd, Ali Fareedi, Abid, and Nazir, Hammad
Abstract: Developing a battery ontology to represent battery management knowledge is crucial in the new sustainable and green energy era. As battery production revenue is projected to exceed 300 billion US dollars annually by 2030, researchers are exploring new battery materials, models, standards, and manufacturing processes. AI and ML methods are being employed to manage battery manufacturing and enhance performance. Data representation techniques and formats are important for enhancing the expressiveness of battery data and improving battery quality. This paper presents an ontology for creating a battery knowledge graph to address data interoperability challenges and share battery data among different actors. The battery ontology includes various types of knowledge, such as domain knowledge, battery applications, and core battery-specific knowledge. The ontology was evaluated through competency questions and usability tests. It aims to enhance battery production and design by facilitating efficient communication and data exchange between battery management systems and applications. This research has significant societal, economic, and environmental impacts as it contributes to developing more efficient and sustainable batteries. © 2024 Author., 18 sidor
Published: 2024

30. Exploring the effects of floods in Pakistan: Pre/post flood analysis 2022

Author: Iqbal, Asifa, Nazir, Humaira, Khurshid, Nighat, Iqbal, Asifa, Nazir, Humaira, and Khurshid, Nighat
Abstract: Pakistan is affected by floods of various intensities ranging between high, moderate and low levels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of 2022 flood events in Pakistan. This aim will be achieved by analyzing the relationship between the 2022 floods and the situation of affected communities, with a focus on gender roles. The study assessed the differences in vulnerability to floods between men vs. women by examining their socio-economic conditions before and after flood 2022. Multiple field surveys were conducted for data collection, and a questionnaire was used to learn about the current and past conditions of the people living in the villages around the city of Khipro, Sindh, located downstream of the Indus River, majorly affected by floods in terms of lives and livelihoods. Correlations, and cross-tabulations were used to analyze the demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status of communities. Focusing on the period before and after the 2022 floods and the difference in vulnerability, the results of the study indicated that despite having better access to disaster preparedness information and resources, societal norms and mobility issues make women more vulnerable. Therefore, it is important to focus on gender-sensitive disaster preparedness and response efforts. The study proposes a few measures to improve resilience and promote sustainable development in flood-affected areas.
Published: 2024
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31. Perceived Safety and Fear of Crime of Visitors in a Shopping Mall in Karachi, Pakistan

Author: Iqbal, Asifa, Nazir, Humaira, Iqbal, Asifa, and Nazir, Humaira
Abstract: This study examines the environment of one of the largest and most recently built shopping mall in Karachi, Pakistan. The aim of this study is to assess how building design, familiarity with the mall, and past experiences of victimization influence visitors’ perceived safety. Using site inspections guided by crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) principles and an online survey, the study identifies factors affecting visitors’ perceived safety. Findings indicate that enhancing surveillance, territoriality, and access control in well-designed and maintained spaces can impact levels of perceived safety. These findings underscore the importance of surveys, in combination with site inspections, in providing a comprehensive tool for understanding and improving safety in commercial complexes.
Published: 2024
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32. Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Automation on Job Satisfaction of teachers at University level Dr. Nazir Haider Shah

Author: Shah, Dr. Nazir Haider, Abid, Sara, Akhter, Dr. Khatiba, Shah, Dr. Nazir Haider, Abid, Sara, and Akhter, Dr. Khatiba
Abstract: This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation on the job satisfaction of university teachers in the Sargodha division. The study was quantitative and descriptive and a cross-sectional survey was used to collect the data. Two standardized research instruments were utilized for this purpose. The sample of this study consisted of 300 university teachers selected through stratified random sampling techniques. Data were collected through Google Forms via email and WhatsApp. Mean, standard deviation, correlation, regression, and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. Results showed that satisfaction rate possesses certain trends of AI deployment in employment and various factors of AI technology have moderation effects on teachers’ satisfaction degree including teaching practice and academic specialization. The study contributes to the orientation of workplace satisfaction empowered by the implementation of artificial intelligence and automation in teaching staff, thus developing the guidelines for effective policymaking within the sphere among administrators of higher education institutions.
Published: 2024

33. Role of Human Capital, Information Communication Technology and Financial Development in Determining Economic Growth of Selected Asian Economies

Author: Nazir, Hafsa, Abro, Asif Ali, Mustafa, Ahmad Raza ul, Nazir, Hafsa, Abro, Asif Ali, and Mustafa, Ahmad Raza ul
Abstract: Our research makes an effort to highlight the role of human capital, information communication and technology and financial development in increasing economic growth of Asian economies based on panel data of eight Asian nations. We have used GDP per capita as the dependent variable. The authors have used the random effect technique to check how human capital and information communication technology with other factors lead to enhanced growth. The study results point out that human capital, information communication and technology, and financial development increase economic growth in the concerned nations. Moreover, the urban population is also significantly increasing economic growth. It is suggested that Asian countries must improve their educational and financial systems for more growth and development. Moreover, there is a need to provide more financial services to make better the financial system for high growth.
Published: 2024

34. Emotional Intelligence, Mental Distress and Handling Bullying in School Teachers

Author: Ilyas, Sana, Nazir, Arooj, Baseer, Amber, Yasin, Wardah, Jahangir, Wajeeha, Ilyas, Sana, Nazir, Arooj, Baseer, Amber, Yasin, Wardah, and Jahangir, Wajeeha
Abstract: In process to combat bullying, it may be integral for well-being of students to have a teacher who they perceive as active, emotionally intelligent, resilient, and using an effective strategy of intervening to reduce bullying. The major goal of this study is to explore nexus between Mental Distress and Handling Bullying of School Teachers and Emotional Intelligence. A cross sectional Correlational research design was used and non-probability sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. The participants included private and government school teachers, N=292 (114 males and 164 females) with the age range of 25-50. The assessment tools (Urdu translated versions) used for this research were Handling Bullying Questionnaire (Bauman, Rigby, & Hoppa, 2008), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) and Emotional Intelligence scale (Batool & Khalid, 2011). A significant mean difference between private and government schools on handling bullying and emotional intelligence was evident by the results. Moreover, a significant difference was found between teacher’s emotional intelligence and number of years of experience. The results also indicated that there was a negative correlation between emotional intelligence and mental distress. Positive correlations were also found between subscales of handling bullying and emotional intelligence. It was revealed that emotional intelligence was a significant negative predictor of mental distress. This study likely to give insight to the policy makers of Anti-bullying programs to focus on emotional intelligence of teachers to help them deal with bullying in students. Moreover, strategies can be planned to deal with mental distress of teachers so that they can perform their role well.
Published: 2024

35. As instituições são importantes para as importações e exportações agro-alimentares entre a China e África? Uma análise do modelo gravitacional

Author: Abdullahi, Nazir Muhammad, Shahriar, Saleh, Kea, Sokvibol, Ali Ibrahim, Adamu, Abdullahi, Aminu Muhammad, Abdullahi, Nazir Muhammad, Shahriar, Saleh, Kea, Sokvibol, Ali Ibrahim, Adamu, and Abdullahi, Aminu Muhammad
Abstract: O presente documento tem por objetivo estudar o papel da qualidade institucional no comércio agroalimentar (importação e exportação) entre a China e 48 países africanos durante o período 2001-2021. Foi utilizado o modelo gravitacional do comércio, estimando os estimadores Generalised Least Square (GLS) e Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood (PPML), que incluem fluxos comerciais nulos para dados de painel. Os principais resultados mostram que a voz e a responsabilização, o controlo da corrupção e o Estado de direito aumentam os fluxos comerciais agro-alimentares. A instabilidade política incentiva as exportações agro-alimentares para a China. Além disso, a dimensão económica da China, o custo do comércio (distância) e a população dos países africanos também incentivam o comércio agroalimentar entre a China e as economias africanas. Por outro lado, o acesso ao mar, a política cambial e a dimensão económica dos países africanos reduzem as importações agro-alimentares da China provenientes de África. Mostrámos o mecanismo através do qual cada variável institucional afecta os fluxos comerciais agro-alimentares da China para os países africanos.
Published: 2024

36. Developing Social Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem Through Cooperative Learning in Social Studies Classrooms

Author: Shah, Syed Iftikhar Hussain, Nazir, Farrukh, Fazal, Shawana, Shah, Syed Iftikhar Hussain, Nazir, Farrukh, and Fazal, Shawana
Abstract: The present study aimed to examine the effect of cooperative learning (CL) on students' social self-efficacy and self-esteem in social studies classrooms. A pretest-posttest equivalent group design was deployed involving a sample of 100 students (N=50 control and N=50 experimental) in 7th grade from a public secondary school in District Mansehra, Pakistan. Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) based treatment was provided to the experimental group for eight weeks using 15 lessons from a Social Studies textbook. The control group was taught the same material through the traditional teaching method for the same duration. Social self-efficacy and self-esteem scales were administered before and after the treatment. Effect size and percentile points gain were used as statistical tools to compare the effect of CL. The analyzed data revealed that students of the experimental group (high-achievers, average-achievers, and low-achievers) exhibited higher social self-efficacy and self-esteem levels than those of the control group. Furthermore, the percentile gain for average and low achievers was no more or less than that of high achievers. The study results indicate that CL is an effective intervention for maximizing students' social self-efficacy and self-esteem across diverse achievement levels, emphasizing the need for its widespread implementation to promote inclusive and supportive educational environments.
Published: 2024

37. Synthetic natural gas (SNG) production with higher carbon recovery from biomass: Techno-economic assessment

Author: Katla-Milewska, Daria, Nazir, Shareq Mohd, Skorek-Osikowska, Anna, Katla-Milewska, Daria, Nazir, Shareq Mohd, and Skorek-Osikowska, Anna
Abstract: Due to the growth in the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the power generation sector worldwide and their intermittency, storage of surplus electricity is needed. The technology known as Power to X (PtX) facilitates the extended storage of excess electricity by converting it into gaseous or liquid fuels such as hydrogen, methane, ammonia, or methanol. This study examines the potential of synthetic natural gas (SNG) technology as a viable energy storage solution. The paper introduces three distinct SNG production systems, all of which are based on the processes of biomass gasification and methanation. Case 1 assumes further CO2 capture from generated SNG, and Cases 2 and 3 additionally assume hydrogen production and almost complete CO2 utilization by syngas hydrogenation via the methanation process. The methanation process converts syngas and hydrogen into SNG with a high methane content (>90 vol% dry), that can be injected into the natural gas grid. The thermodynamic and economic potential of SNG production systems is presented in this work. The simulations were conducted using the AspenONE software. The methanation process was analyzed for various design conditions such as methanation temperature and pressure, and different H2:CO, and H2:CO2 ratios. The estimated cold gas efficiency of proposed SNG production systems varies from 63.27% to 77.10% and can be increased up to about 69.10–75.58% when the recovery of heat from methanation is considered. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the break-even price of SNG, considering different scenarios for the costs of feedstock, specifically biomass and electricity. The results indicate that under the most optimistic conditions, the break-even price of SNG is estimated to be 115 €/MWhSNG, 58 €/MWhSNG and 67 €/MWhSNG for Cases 1, 2, and 3, respectively., QC 20240110
Published: 2024
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38. Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) leaves essential oil: Comparative compositional and biological attributes as a function of different agroclimatic regions

Author: Saba, Iram, Anwar, Farooq, Ahmad, Naveed, Iqbal, Munawar, Abbas, Ali, Iqbal, Shahid, Nazir, Arif, Al-Mijalli, Samiah H., Saba, Iram, Anwar, Farooq, Ahmad, Naveed, Iqbal, Munawar, Abbas, Ali, Iqbal, Shahid, Nazir, Arif, and Al-Mijalli, Samiah H.
Abstract: In the current work, the biological potential of spearmint leaves essential oil (EO), including its antioxidant, antibacterial, and hemolytic properties, are described together with its chemical composition. The spearmint leaves were gathered in Punjab, Pakistan's hilly, dry, irrigated, and drought-stricken agroclimatic zones. From examined leaves from various locales, the hydro-distillation process produced an EO yield that ranged from 0.41 to 0.76. In recovered EOs, GCMS compositional analysis identified 31 components, with carvone (27.4–47.2), menthone (1.0–23.9), menthol (3.0–14.5), limonene (2.4–93), and 1,8-cineol (0.6–8.5) being the predominant constituents. The investigated oils displayed high levels of total phenolics (30.9–34.3 g GAE/100g), flavonoids (4.6–10.1 g CE/100g), and DPPH radical scavenging capacity (12.5–17.1 g mL−1) as well as linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition (57.1–62.6). Against particular types of bacteria and fungus, the studied EO demonstrated considerable antibacterial activity (AMA). EO extracted from a sample of a location under drought stress (Layyah) shown greater AMA, while EO from hilly regions (Murree) displayed higher antioxidant potential, total phenolics (TP), flavonoids (TF), and hemolytic activity (HA). This study recommends the use of spearmint leaves as an effective natural antioxidant and antibacterial ingredient in the development of nutra-pharmaceutical products and dietary supplements. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2024

39. Safety Perceptions and Micro-Segregation: Exploring Gated- and Non-Gated-Community Dynamics in Quetta, Pakistan

Author: Iqbal, Asifa, Shaukat, Tahira, Nazir, Humaira, Iqbal, Asifa, Shaukat, Tahira, and Nazir, Humaira
Abstract: Crime impacts residential neighborhoods not only through the loss of life and property but also by instilling a widespread fear among residents. To combat this fear, physical security measures like safety locks, gates, and high perimeter walls have proven effective in both developed and developing nations. This trend has led to the increased popularity of gated communities in Pakistan as a preferred housing choice. In addition to encouraging micro-segregation, these developments also attract a large number of residents. In order to better understand the differences in residents’ fear of crime in relation to their health and socio-economic status, this paper compares residential housing schemes in Quetta, Pakistan (gated and non-gated). Surveys and on-site observations in four different residential areas of the city underpin the methodology. The results suggest that past experiences of crime victimization strongly affect feelings of safety in both gated and non-gated communities. The study highlights the complex relationship between the perception of safety, health and well-being, socio-economic status, and the type of community, highlighting how these factors collectively influence respondents’ experiences and create micro-segregation.
Published: 2024
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40. The Impact of Culture Shock and Psychological Adjustment on Mental Well-Being in International Students

Author: Ayub, Maria, Mehmood, Haziq, Nazir, Arooj, Ayub, Maria, Mehmood, Haziq, and Nazir, Arooj
Abstract: Cultural shock is attributed as a psychological response experienced due to adjusting into a new cultural environment. This present study research explored the impact of cultural shock on psychological adjustment and mental well-being. It was hypothesized that there will be an inverse relationship of Culture shock and Mental Well-Being in international students. For this purpose, correlational cross-sectional research design was used. The sample included 192 international students with the age range of 18 to 40 (M=21.02, SD=1.50) including 154 men and 38 women recruited through using convenience sampling strategy. A self-constructed demographic sheet, psychological adjustment scale (Ryff & Keyes,1995)., Warwick-Edinburgh mental wellbeing scale (Tennant et al., 2007) and culture shock scale (Mumford, 1998) were used for the assessment. The result of Pearson product moment correlation illustrated the inverse relationship between culture shock and psychological adjustment in students. This revealed that examining the links between the evaluation elements could improve the rational understanding of psychological outcomes of acculturation related to personal variability factors. Such insights could also guide host university communities in bolstering the self-esteem and self-belief of their international student peers, aiding them in navigating their psychological adaptation challenges.
Published: 2024

41. Mujeres en la sala de juntas y desempeño empresarial: una visión de las empresas de Indonesia

Author: Ahmad, Gatot Nazir, Iranto, Dicky, Siregar, Edo, Sebayang, Dianta A., Ahmad, Gatot Nazir, Iranto, Dicky, Siregar, Edo, and Sebayang, Dianta A.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of female board members on firm performance. This study employed a purposive sampling technique with a research sample comprised of 264 non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2013 and 2019. As proxies for the independent variable of females in the boardroom, this study examines female directors' presence, a dummy variable for female CEOs, the proportion of female directors, and female directors' business ability. The return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and Tobin's Q are all proxies for gauging corporate performance. This study's analysis technique is robust regression analysis. Female board members had the greatest influence on firm performance, according to the findings. Overall, the female CEO dummy serves as a proxy for the strength of the company's performance., El propósito de esta investigación es determinar el impacto de las mujeres consejeras que pertenecen a la junta directiva en el desempeño de la empresa. Este estudio empleó una técnica de muestreo intencional con una muestra de investigación compuesta por 264 empresas no financieras que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Indonesia entre 2013 y 2019. Como sustitutos de la variable independiente de mujeres en las salas de juntas, este estudio examina la presencia de directoras, una variable ficticia para directoras ejecutivas, la proporción de directoras y la capacidad empresarial de las directoras. El rendimiento de los activos (ROA), el rendimiento del capital (ROE) y la Q de Tobin son indicadores para medir el desempeño corporativo. La técnica de análisis de este estudio es el análisis de regresión robusta. Según los resultados, las mujeres miembros de las juntas directivas tuvieron la mayor influencia en el desempeño de la empresa. En general, la variable ficticia de la directora ejecutiva sirve como indicador de la solidez del desempeño de la empresa.
Published: 2024

42. Detecting the genetic variants associated with key culinary traits in Dioscorea alata

Author: Dossa, Komivi, Houngbo, Mahugnon Ezekiel, Lechaudel, Mathieu, Maledon, Erick, Bovys Zoclanclounon, Yedomon Ange, Irep, Jean-Luc, Nazir, Mian Faisal, Chair, Hanâ, Cornet, Denis, Dossa, Komivi, Houngbo, Mahugnon Ezekiel, Lechaudel, Mathieu, Maledon, Erick, Bovys Zoclanclounon, Yedomon Ange, Irep, Jean-Luc, Nazir, Mian Faisal, Chair, Hanâ, and Cornet, Denis
Abstract: Quality attributes play a pivotal role in determining consumers' acceptance and market value of food crops. Dioscorea alata is a major yam species for food security in tropical areas, but our understanding of the genetic factors underlying tuber culinary traits is limited. This study aimed at elucidating the genetic basis of key culinary attributes, including apparent dry matter content (DM), cooking time, boiled yam hardness, and moldability, through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Phenotypic assessment revealed notable variations among the D. alata genotypes and significant correlations among the quality traits. The GWAS identified 25 significant associations distributed across 14 chromosomes. A total of 12, 1, 6, 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected for cooking time, moldability, hardness and DM. Allele segregation analysis of the identified loci highlighted favorable alleles for short cooking time, good moldability, high hardness and DM content. Within a set of 42 putative candidate genes, we identified genes differentially expressed in tubers of genotypes with contrasting quality attributes. Our study offers valuable insights into the links between these key culinary traits and the underlying genetic basis in D. alata. These findings have practical implications for breeding programs aimed at enhancing the quality attributes of greater yam.
Published: 2024

43. Enhancing Oral Health via the Sense of Coherence Approach Among Adult Patients at University Dental Hospital

Author: Nazir,Muhammad, Alghamdi,Salman, Sallout,Mohammed, Bubshait,Salman, Asiri,Amal, Nazir,Muhammad, Alghamdi,Salman, Sallout,Mohammed, Bubshait,Salman, and Asiri,Amal
Abstract: Muhammad Ashraf Nazir,1 Salman Alghamdi,2 Mohammed Sallout,2 Salman Bubshait,2 Amal Asiri3 1Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Muhammad Ashraf Nazir, Email manazir@iau.edu.saPurpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the sense of coherence and its relationship with oral health and other study variables among adult patients at university dental hospital.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study included adult patients visiting the Dental Hospital of the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam. Sense of coherence was determined by Antonovskyâs Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-13), which consists of 13 items on a 7-point Likert. DMFT index, plaque index, gingival index, and simplified oral hygiene index were used to evaluate the oral health of study participants. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed, and 0.05 level of significance was used in the study.Results: The study included the data of 558 participants with a mean age of 32.19Â± 10.11 years. The mean score of SOC was 52.77Â± 13.11, which was significantly higher in high-income participants (P < 0.001), participants without a medical condition (P=0.021), non-smokers (P < 0.001), and those who visited the dentist in less than one year (P=0.028). Bivariate analysis showed statistically significant negative correlations between SOC and DMFT index (P=0.002), SOC and plaque index (P < 0.001), SOC and gingival index (P=0.002), and SOC and simplified oral hygiene index (P=0.001). Multivariable analysis also showed that SOC was significantly correlated with DMFT index (P=0.001), plaque index (P < 0.001), gingival index (P < 0.001), and oral hygiene ind
Published: 2024

44. The Soret-Dufour effects on three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics Newtonian fluid flow over an inclined plane

Author: Mohamed Isa, Siti Suzilliana Putri, Mohd Azmi, Hazirah, Balakrishnan, Nanthini, Mohamad Nazir, Aina Suhaiza, Ahmad, Kartini, Ismail, Nurul Syuhada, Md Arifin, Norihan, Rosali, Haliza, Mohamed Isa, Siti Suzilliana Putri, Mohd Azmi, Hazirah, Balakrishnan, Nanthini, Mohamad Nazir, Aina Suhaiza, Ahmad, Kartini, Ismail, Nurul Syuhada, Md Arifin, Norihan, and Rosali, Haliza
Abstract: The three-dimensional (3D) model of the fluid flow model with length, breadth, and height or depth is the advanced and precise version from the two-dimensional (2D) model which just lies on a flat surface. The heat transfer in the boundary layer flow have numerous applications in the production of polymer, plastic films, and paper production. Therefore, this paper solves 3D magnetohydrodynamics Newtonian fluid flow model with the effect of Soret-Dufour parameters. Compared with the previous report where the3D model is without the inclination angle (all the axes are located at their fixed position), this paper considers the boundary xy-plane being projected by a certain angle from the z-axis. The initial partial differential equations (PDEs) are subsequentlyreduced to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The MATLAB bvp4c program is chosen to solve the ODEs and the results velocity profile, temperature profile, concentration profile, skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number. It can be inferred that the magnetic parameter is responsible to the decrement of the velocity profile and skin frictions coefficient. The enhancement of the temperature and the local Sherwood number are caused by the Dufour number. Besides, concentration and the local Nusselt number are enhancing due to the increasing Soret number.
Published: 2024

45. Operational risk assessment of transmission Systems: A review

Author: Nazir, Zunaira, Bollen, Math, Nazir, Zunaira, and Bollen, Math
Abstract: The deterministic techniques in use for transmission-grid planning and operation have resulted in a high reliability, but they have certain limitations that could be removed by applying stochastic techniques. This paper presents a detailed review of one such stochastic technique: operational risk assessment. A general procedural model of operational risk assessment is introduced, based on one simple equation, highlighting the important elements. The research trends are presented for each of these elements: contingency definition and calculating the probability of a contingency case; contingency filtration methods; defining and calculating the severity factor. Next to an overview of the state-of-the-art, this paper contains a detailed discussion section, where the most important research gaps are identified. Emphasis is especially on bridging the gap between research and practical applications of operational risk assessment. The paper closes with a future outlook on operational risk assessment and its applications., Validerad;2024;Nivå 2;2024-05-28 (hanlid);Full text license: CC BY
Published: 2024
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46. Cerebrospinal fluid mtDNA concentrations are increased in multiple sclerosis and were normalized after intervention with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Author: Pavlovic, Ivan, Zjukovskaja, Christina, Hayat Nazir, Faisal, Müller, Malin, Wiberg, Anna, Burman, Joachim, Pavlovic, Ivan, Zjukovskaja, Christina, Hayat Nazir, Faisal, Müller, Malin, Wiberg, Anna, and Burman, Joachim
Abstract: Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern molecule and could be an early indicator for inflammation and disease activity in MS. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is a potent treatment for MS, but its impact on mtDNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains unexplored. Objectives To verify elevated CSF mtDNA concentrations in MS patients and assess the impact of aHSCT on mtDNA concentrations. Methods Multiplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to quantify mtDNA and nuclear DNA in 182 CSF samples. These samples were collected from 48 MS patients, both pre- and post-aHSCT, over annual follow-ups, and from 32 healthy controls. Results CSF ccf-mtDNA levels were higher in patients with MS, correlated to multiple clinical and analytical factors and were normalized after intervention with aHSCT. Differences before aHSCT were observed with regard to MRI-lesions, prior treatment and number of relapses in the last year prior to aHSCT. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate elevated CSF mtDNA levels in MS patients, which correlate with disease activity and normalize following aHSCT. These results position mtDNA as a potential biomarker for monitoring inflammatory activity and response to treatment in MS.
Published: 2024
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47. Neurocomputational modelling of human decision making and volition : from neural mechanisms to behavioral outcomes

Author: Hassannejad Nazir, Azadeh and Hassannejad Nazir, Azadeh
Abstract: In today's world, amidst the bombardment of information, the mental health and well-being of a society with higher level of responsibility hinge on a central issue related to decision making and human agency. The essence of studying these issues lies in unraveling the role of individual and social life experiences in evolving human choices and intentional actions. Researchers aim to unravel the foundational principles shaping individual behavior by comprehending how the brain, as a complex system, can be conceptualized, understood psychologically, and addressed socially. In this thesis, neurocomputational models are developed to bridge the gaps between micro (neuronal), meso (brain areas), and macro (cognition/behavior) levels. These models primarily focus on the mesoscale neurodynamics of cortical structures, with the goal of linking neural structures, functions, and the influences of internal and environmental factors on decision-making processes and volitional action control. These are neurally-inspired models, providing insight into the dynamics of neural oscillations through attractor networks, recognized as distinctive markers of various cognitive functions. My research is divided into two parts based on studying decision making without and with considering human agency, respectively. In the first part, the focus is on studying the neural mechanisms underlying decision making without explicitly considering human agency. Two slightly different neurocomputational models are developed based on the sources of input information, i.e. either internal or external. In both these models, an integration of rational and emotional processes is the essence of decision-making process. This interplay results in different model behaviors due to the sources of information: 1) the subjective values and attitudes and 2) the observational-based perceived behavior of others. The former model type addresses how an individual's behavior dynamically changes in response to the interpl
Published: 2024

48. Common Attractors for Generalized F-Iterated Function Systems in G-Metric Spaces

Author: Nazir, Talat, Silvestrov, Sergei, Nazir, Talat, and Silvestrov, Sergei
Abstract: In this paper, we study the generalized F-iterated function system in G-metric space. Several results of common attractors of generalized iterated function systems obtained by using generalized F-Hutchinson operators are also established. We prove that the triplet of F-Hutchinson operators defined for a finite number of general contractive mappings on a complete G-metric space is itself a generalized F-contraction mapping on a space of compact sets. We also present several examples in 2-D and 3-D for our results.
Published: 2024
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49. Perov type T-contractive mappings on cone b-metric spaces with generalized c-distance

Author: Nazir, Talat, Abbas, Mujahid, Silvestrov, Sergei, Nazir, Talat, Abbas, Mujahid, and Silvestrov, Sergei
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the sufficient conditions for the existence of fixed points of Perov type T-contractive mappings in the setup of complete cone b-metric space associated with generalized c-distance. Some examples are presented to support our main results and concepts defined herein. The results proved in the paper extend and generalize various well known results in the existing literature.
Published: 2024
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50. In-situ stress analysis and fracture characterization in oil reservoirs with complex geological settings: A multi-methodological approach in the Zagros fold and thrust belt

Author: Nazir, Mafakheri Bashmagh and Nazir, Mafakheri Bashmagh
Published: 2024

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