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This focus group study explored the needs, preferences and beliefs of adults with seasonal allergic rhinitis regarding their self-management practices, and related information use and needs. Four focus groups were held, two online and two on location. The 20 participants (11 women); Mage = 39.0 years (range: 21–56 years) were reluctant to identify themselves as patients, trivializing their complaints while avoiding being confronted too much with their condition. Participants often expressed low trust in the effectiveness of medication and the ability of healthcare to alleviate their complaints. This resulted in relatively low openness to information such as personalized pollen predictions. Findings were synthesized under three interrelated themes: ‘Being ill, but not a patient: it’s bad, but you learn to live with it’, ‘Individual search for what does or doesn’t work’ and ‘Information needs and sources’. Implications for communication supportive of self-management practices for seasonal allergic rhinitis are discussed.

Teenage pregnancy is a global phenomenon that poses significant challenges to the health and well-being of young people and their communities. It is defined as pregnancy that occurs in adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 years. It is estimated that millions of teenage pregnancies occur every year around the world, which represents a major public health problem. Pregnancy in adolescence entails a series of risks for both the mother and the child. Pregnant young women face a higher risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as experiencing long-term health problems. This bibliographic review aims to examine the existing evidence on adolescent pregnancy prevention strategies and their relationship with the construction of positive masculinities, through an exhaustive search in scientific databases, such as PubMed and Google Scholar, Scielo among others. The studies reviewed demonstrated that interventions based on these strategies had a positive impact on reducing rates of teenage pregnancy and promoting healthy attitudes and behaviors in young men. In conclusion, the prevention of teenage pregnancy and the construction of positive masculinities are closely related and require comprehensive approaches supported by scientific evidence, intervention programs that promote comprehensive sexual education, transformative gender approaches and active participation of young men in decision-making about their reproductive health have been shown to be effective., El embarazo adolescente es un fenómeno global que plantea importantes desafíos para la salud y el bienestar de los jóvenes y sus comunidades. Se define como el embarazo ocurrido en adolescentes entre las edades de 10 y 19 años. Se estima que cada año se producen millones de embarazos en adolescentes en todo el mundo, lo que representa un problema de salud pública de gran magnitud. El embarazo en la adolescencia conlleva una serie de riesgos tanto para la madre como para el hijo/a. Las jóvenes embarazadas enfrentan un mayor riesgo de complicaciones durante el embarazo y el parto, así como de experimentar problemas de salud a largo plazo. Esta revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo examinar la evidencia existente sobre estrategias de prevención del embarazo adolescente y su relación con la construcción de masculinidades positivas, a través de una exhaustiva búsqueda en bases de datos científicas, como PubMed y Google Scholar, Scielo entre otras. Los estudios revisados demostraron que las intervenciones basadas en estas estrategias tuvieron un impacto positivo en la reducción de los índices de embarazo adolescente y en la promoción de actitudes y comportamientos saludables en los hombres jóvenes. En conclusión, la prevención del embarazo adolescente y la construcción de masculinidades positivas están estrechamente relacionadas y requieren enfoques integrales respaldados por evidencia científica, los programas de intervención que promueven la educación sexual integral, enfoques de género transformador y participación activa de los hombres jóvenes en la toma de decisiones sobre su salud reproductiva han demostrado ser efectivos.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of severe asthma exacerbations (SAE) requiring a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (and its association with public restrictions) is largely unknown. We examined the trend of SAE requiring PICU admission before, during, and after COVID-19 restrictions in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and its relationship with features such as environmental triggers and changes in COVID-19 restriction measures.METHODS: In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, all PICU admissions of children aged ≥2 years for severe asthma at the Amsterdam UMC between 2018 and 2022 were included. The concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and pollen were obtained from official monitoring stations. RESULTS: Between January 2018 and December 2022, 228 children were admitted to the PICU of the Amsterdam UMC for SAE. While we observed a decrease in admissions during periods of more stringent restriction, there was an increase in the PICU admission rate for SAE in some periods following the lifting of restrictions. In particular, following the COVID-19 restrictions in 2021, we observed a peak incidence of admissions from August to November, which was higher than any other peak during the indicated years. No association with air pollution or pollen was observed.CONCLUSION: We hypothesize that an increase in clinically diagnosed viral infections after lockdown periods was the reason for the altered incidence of SAE at the PICU in late 2021, rather than air pollution and pollen concentrations.

La situación epidemiológica generada por la pandemia de COVID-19 condicionó una profunda crisis económica y social en Ecuador, la cual se acrecentó en cantones cuya actividad económica dependía del turismo u otras esferas muy afectadas durante este periodo. El cantón Guano, en la provincia Chimborazo, sufrió los embates de la COVID-19 afectando sus principales esferas económicas: turismo, actividad agrícola y artesanal. A pesar de haber pasado los peores años de la enfermedad, aún no se logra una reactivación económica que permita acercarse a los estándares de vida previos a la pandemia. El objetivo de la presente investigación es exponer la importancia del uso de la neuroeconomía y el estudio de la neuroemociones en propiciar una rápida reactivación económica en el cantón Guano posterior a la pandemia de COVID-19. Para esto se realizó una investigación básica, no experimental y descriptiva en la que se exponen los elementos conceptuales de la neuroeconomía y neuroemociones. Como principales resultados se puede exponer también el abordaje de las ventajas que pueden representar el estudio e implementación de estas ramas de la ciencia para potenciar la reactivación económica. Se concluye que la aplicación de la neuroeconomía y el estudio de las neuroemociones pueden aportar una serie de datos que se utilizarían para trazar estrategias de optimización de recursos y generación de oportunidades que favorecerán la reactivación económica del cantón Guano

Road traffic related death and injury continues to be a major challenge globally. Unsafe road use is particularly evident in low- and middle-income countries while also being a growing concern for private sector organisations. The Safe System approach is recognized internationally as the leading approach to improving road safety and previous work has codified the essential management functions and interventions evident in its successful implementation. Tracking the development of Safe System adoption within the public and private sectors is of interest for several reasons. This paper presents recent development and use of road safety maturity frameworks and discusses the utility of these approaches for road safety practitioners and researchers., The contribution of SWOV to the development of the ITF Safe System model was based on the funding of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management for the research and knowledge dissemination programme of SWOV. The contribution of VTI to the development of the ITF Safe System model was funded by VTI. The Agilysis’ model was developed using funding from National Highways in England. The research methodology and results were not directed by the funding organisation. The Asian Development Bank model was funded by the Asian Development Bank.

Sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu penopang dalam struktur pembangunan ekonomi nasional di Indonesia. Sektor ini memiliki potensi besar dan berperan penting dalam menyediakan lapangan kerja, menyumbang devisa negara, serta menyumbang PDB. Pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian di triwulan III tahun 2022 mencapai 1,65%, dengan kontribusi PDB sektor pertanian sebesar 12,91 persen. Masyarakat pedesaan di Indonesia sangat bergantung pada pertanian sebagai sumber pendapatan, baik dari pertanian on farm maupun off farm. Kegiatan pertanian on farm dan off farm mendorong petani untuk lebih berdaya dengan memberikan nilai tambah melalui pengolahan produk dan pengembangan usaha berbasis pertanian. Diversifikasi pendapatan dilakukan dalam pertanian untuk meningkatkan ketahanan ekonomi petani dan mengurangi risiko produksi. Namun, pengembangan pertanian ini perlu didukung oleh pendampingan yang berkelanjutan dari pemerintah, lembaga pendidikan, dan pemangku kepentingan terkait. Oleh karena itu, tim pengabdi melakukan kegiatan pengabdian di Pelatihan Pertanian dan Pedesaan Swadaya (P4S), Bulubalea, Sulawesi Selatan, dengan tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Kegiatan ini melibatkan sosialisasi bimbingan teknis tanaman buah kepada petani, dengan memberikan bibit serta penyuluhan teknologi pertanian. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta dan respons positif terhadap kegiatan pengabdian ini., Sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu penopang dalam struktur pembangunan ekonomi nasional di Indonesia. Sektor ini memiliki potensi besar dan berperan penting dalam menyediakan lapangan kerja, menyumbang devisa negara, serta menyumbang PDB. Pertumbuhan PDB sektor pertanian di triwulan III tahun 2022 mencapai 1,65%, dengan kontribusi PDB sektor pertanian sebesar 12,91 persen. Masyarakat pedesaan di Indonesia sangat bergantung pada pertanian sebagai sumber pendapatan, baik dari pertanian on farm maupun off farm. Kegiatan pertanian on farm dan off farm mendorong petani untuk lebih berdaya dengan memberikan nilai tambah melalui pengolahan produk dan pengembangan usaha berbasis pertanian. Diversifikasi pendapatan dilakukan dalam pertanian untuk meningkatkan ketahanan ekonomi petani dan mengurangi risiko produksi. Namun, pengembangan pertanian ini perlu didukung oleh pendampingan yang berkelanjutan dari pemerintah, lembaga pendidikan, dan pemangku kepentingan terkait. Oleh karena itu, tim pengabdi melakukan kegiatan pengabdian di Pelatihan Pertanian dan Pedesaan Swadaya (P4S), Bulubalea, Sulawesi Selatan, dengan tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Kegiatan ini melibatkan sosialisasi bimbingan teknis tanaman buah kepada petani, dengan memberikan bibit serta penyuluhan teknologi pertanian. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta dan respons positif terhadap kegiatan pengabdian ini.

The prevalence in allergic diseases has increased considerably in the past decades. An important trigger of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) is the pollen of wind-pollinating plants. This pollen is developed by plants and is released into the air where it gets exposed to environmental influences and air pollution. We investigated the chemical changes to pollen that occur after release from the flower in a rural (Veluwe) and an urban (Amsterdam) site in the Netherlands using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. During the spring/summer of 2020 (during the COVID pandemic) the pollen of nine taxa (Alnus, Betula, Fagus, Fraxinus, Pinus, Plantago, Poaceae, Quercus and Salix) were collected directly from flowers and the air (using a mobile sampler). FTIR spectra were obtained for multiple individual pollen grains for each taxa. The spectra obtained from airborne pollen collected at the rural vs. urban sites did not show any statistical difference. This is possibly a result of a reduced difference in pollutant concentrations between the two sites due to the COVID-19-lockdown measures were in place. However, consistent differences in the FTIR spectra recovered from airborne vs. flower pollen were recorded for all pollen taxa. After the release from the flower the chemical composition of the pollen changed: (i) polysaccharides are converted to monosaccharides; (ii) protein concentration and/or nitration/oxidation level is altered; (iii) lipids are modified and/or reduced in concentration. These changes may alter the allergenicity of the pollen and suggest that further work on the allergenic nature of airborne pollen is required.

Allergic rhinitis, caused by airborne pollen, is a common disease with a great impact on the quality of life for patients and high costs for society. Prevention of high pollen concentrations in the air is relevant for creating a safe environment for allergic patients. Due to climate change, the heat in cities during the summer is a recurring problem. The local climate can be improved by using the cooling properties of trees, providing shade and cooling by evapotranspiration. When deciding which tree species will be planted, it is important to take into account the allergenicity of the pollen that the tree produces. Available guides, used all over the world, on the allergenicity of pollen are very divers in content and interpretation and not applicable for the Netherlands. In this study a method is described to develop a guide for the allergenic potential of tree pollen in a region, in this case the Netherlands. For the most common tree species in the Netherlands the scientific knowledge on the allergenicity of the pollen was collected, followed by an inventory on regional pollen abundance. Subsequently, the sensitization pattern in a patient group with possible inhalation allergy was analyzed. Based on these data allergenicity of the tree pollen was classified into five classes. Eight tree species/genera of the 61 most planted tree species in the Netherlands are considered to have a very strong to moderate allergenic potential. We propose to use this methodology to develop regional-specific guides classifying the allergenic potential of tree pollen.

The school dynamic has depended on the economic sector, guaranteeing that knowledge circulates, in the school, in a homogeneous way, by systematically hiding the Afro-Colombian epistemes that the Afro-Colombian Social Movement, has protected. In fact, development plans, defines the institutional horizon to which all citizens are subjected, putting the actors who participate in it in tension, without taking into account what the concept of development connotes for these communities. The purpose of this article, the product of an ongoing investigation, is to make visible that after the issuance of the Páez Law, within the framework of economic opening, the economic model was consolidated, generating transformations of educational and curricular conceptions, causing an impediment for guarantee respect for the ethnic, cultural, environmental, territorial and political integrity of the Afro-North caucana communities., La dinámica escolar ha dependido del sector económico garantizando que el conocimiento circule, en la escuela, de manera homogénea, al ocultar sistemáticamente, las epistemes afrocolombianas que el Movimiento Social Afro ha protegido. De hecho, los planes de desarrollo definen el horizonte institucional al que se ve sujeto toda la ciudadanía, poniendo en tensión a las comunidades, sin tener en cuenta su concepción de desarrollo. El presente artículo, producto de una investigación en curso, visibiliza que a partir de la expedición de la Ley Páez se consolidó el modelo económico generando transformaciones de las concepciones educativas y curriculares causando impedimento para garantizar el respeto a la integridad étnica, cultural, ambiental, territorial y política, de las comunidades afronortecaucanas.

La sociedad en un continuum avasallante de cambios y desarrollo, donde el ser humano avizora y actúa en principio de cada cambio, siendo el actor principal de su auge, entre ellos, el galope de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación, donde su espectro de medios, componentes y herramientas, facilita la vida en cada dimensión que suscita, entreviendo su conminación, el surgimiento de redes sociales y, con ellas, dinámicas diversas de interacciones, unas favorables, otras no tanto; entre estas últimas, se ubica el cyberbullying, donde el acoso escolar cobra vigencia en escenarios online, degradando y alterando la condición humana de cada estudiante tanto víctima como victimario, deconstruyendo la realidad y su continuidad amena; razón por la cual, desde este ensayo, se busca analizar el cyberbullying como una realidad latente en instituciones educativas postmodernas de ecuador. En este sentido, se asumen las dimensiones sociales, culturales, políticas, educativas y psicológicas, logrando una desconfiguración de las tecnologías educativas, haciéndolas más asequibles desde el sentido cognitivo y cívico.

El panorama salubrista ecuatoriano se enfrenta a la introducción, como producto legalizado, del cannabis como agente terapéutico en el país. Esta medida trae consigo una serie de transformaciones en varios aspectos a los que la vida productiva del país debe de adaptarse de forma acelerada. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la posible repercusión económica contable que trae la legalización del cannabis como recurso terapéutico. Se desarrollo una revisión bibliográfica y análisis posterior para poder realizar un modelo futurista de como la introducción del cannabis influenciará el mercado productivo y contable en el país. Se considera que la introducción en el mercado farmacéutico de productos derivados de cannabis, para uso medicinal, será inicialmente importado; sin embargo, con el de cursar del tiempo se irán implementando otras acciones como la siembra, recolección, procesamiento, distribución y venta de producto final. Todos estos elementos generaran empleos, gastos, ingresos, inversiones y otros elementos que implican una repercusión económica y contable en el país. Se concluye que la perspectiva futura, desde el punto de vista económica y contable, con la legalización del cannabis como agente terapéutico en el país, es favorable; sin embargo, para lograrlo es necesario que se autoricen otros procesos previos a la comercialización de productos farmacéuticos basados en las propiedades del cannabis; solo de esa forma se podrá precisar su influencia en el mercado laboral y económico del Ecuador

The research provides a tool for decision making concerning maintenance activities in water pipelines. The thesis aims to bring attention to the fact that use of modern and faster non-destructive technologies can improve conventional maintenance strategies as long as the results can be interpreted. More precisely, this thesis aims to propose a framework to help decision makers understand the results from a potential new technology and make the most appropriate decision in order to achieve preventive maintenance. This can improve water losses reduction. Considering the complexity of the deterioration process of urban pipelines, the lack of framework to interpret results of condition assessment, and the fact that decision makers should deal with uncertainty, Belief Function Theory arise as an applicable method to determine which maintenance activity should be carried out: repair or replace. As a result, a decision framework was proposed to choose the most appropriate maintenance activity based on current pipeline condition and expert knowledge. Since this thesis is a basis for future research, Fitness for Service approach was also included in the proposed framework. Its possible application was illustrated with the evaluation of three cases. The presented tool illustrated the first steps of developing a framework for a practical decision-making. This framework, which is aimed to be employed in maintenance strategies of water pipelines, ensures a proper implementation of the results of condition assessment. This was exemplified by analyzing three case studies which illustrate the framework’s application in water pipelines maintenance activities. Despite its simplicity, the result showed that the proposed framework could facilitate decision-making process in maintenance activities by having a graphical representation.

La calidad de los servicios constituye una prioridad en cualquiera de los sectores o empresas que tenga como finalidad prestar un servicio o un bien, independientemente del tipo que sea. La calidad de los servicios brindado depende de varios factores, pero, sin duda alguna, la evaluación de costos constituye un factor fundamental en la evaluación económica de las empresas, especialmente en instituciones de salud. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la influencia que puede ejercer el estudio de los costos de los servicios en la evaluación económica de las instituciones de salud. Para esto se realizó un análisis de los elementos generales de la evaluación económica y específicos de su aplicación en instituciones de salud; con énfasis en el análisis de costos de servicios. Los resultados muestran que los costos determinan varios elementos relacionados con la calidad de los servicios prestados, de ahí que se concluya que un eslabón importante en la evaluación económica de las instituciones de salud lo constituye el análisis de los costos; ya qua a partir de ellos se pueden identificar brechas y puntos vulnerables que con acciones directas puedan ser solucionados parcial o totalmente; a partir de ellos se puede mejorar la calidad del servicio prestado.

Las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera constituyen un conjunto de estándares internacionales que persiguen homogenizar, homologar y permitir el acceso a la información contable empresarial. Puede ser aplicada a cualquier tipo de empresa, incluso a instituciones de salud; sin embargo, su implementación en el sector salud en Ecuador ha sido lenta. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la marcha del proceso de implementación y adopción de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera en el sistema de salud ecuatoriano, sus ventajas, retos y perspectivas futuras. Para esto se realizó una búsqueda, análisis y discusión de información relacionada. Se concluye que el proceso de adopción en las instituciones de salud del Ecuador, de forma general, ha sido lento. Existe un mayor compromiso de implementación en las instituciones privadas en relación con las instituciones públicas, a pesar de las ventajas que ello implica y los esfuerzos que hace el gobierno por generalizar su adopción. Sin embargo, la creciente demanda de atención de salud, la elevación de los costos de bienes, equipamientos, insumos y servicios y los efectos de la crisis económica mundial, refuerzan la necesidad de adopción de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera para ser más competitivos en el mercado de la salud; esta situación hace que este proceso de adopción e implementación en el sector salud se consolide de forma acelerada.

Objetivo: que el reto competitivo de que los resultados involucren ideas y proyectos viables y creativos, es mucho más que tecnología, este planteamiento busca e involucra aspectos convergentes entre gestión de conocimiento y tecnologías de información y comunicaciones, y como tema de estudio, la auditoria de desempeño que se desarrolla como una herramienta convergente en la toma de decisiones en las organizaciones y empresas. Metodología: Desde la investigación cualitativa se utilizó la consecución de métodos investigativos teóricos como el inductivo-deductivo, sistémicoestructural, analítico-sintético; y empíricos como el análisis documental y la observación. Los referentes principales son algunos de los investigadores actuales de diferentes contextos organizacionales y clásicos dentro de la literatura a fin. Discusión y resultados: La auditoría de desempeño emplea una amplia selección de métodos de evaluación e investigación de diferentes campos del conocimiento, se convergen durante la exposición de esta investigación. Por su parte, la 2 importancia del desarrollo del conocimiento como una consecuencia de una sociedad de información radica en los beneficios que aporta al desarrollo económico de una región o país, con acertado impacto en la sociedad, marca este estudio, a través del cumplimiento de normativas internacionales. Conclusión: Las revisiones de los aspectos conceptuales son fundamentales para el entendimiento de la temática planteada, y desarrollan y explican las diferentes etapas que integran un proceso de auditoría, para finalmente hacer análisis de la importancia de dicha herramienta. Demuestra la relevancia e implicaciones que tiene la auditoría de desempeño, como herramienta imprescindible para las organizaciones empresariales. Aportes: genera experiencias en los modelos de trabajo entorno a la auditoria de desempeño, encuanto a los dictamenes o informe, que debe permitir trazar estrategias en la toma de decisiones y fortalecer las sugerencias que

Introduction: The safety and efficacy of a microwave ablation (MWA) system for the liver with novel technologies in field control, antenna cooling through the inner part of the choke ring, and dual temperature monitoring were evaluated in this multicenter retrospective study. Material and methods: Ablation characteristics and efficacy were assessed on follow-up imaging (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). Safety was evaluated according to CTCAE classification. Results: Eighty-seven liver tumors (65 metastases and 22 hepatocellular carcinomas) measuring 17.8 ± 7.9 mm were treated in 68 patients. Ablation zones measured 35.6 ± 11 mm in longest diameter. The coefficients of variation of the longest and shortest ablation diameters were 30.1% and 26.4%, respectively. The mean sphericity index of the ablation zone was 0.78 ± 0.14. Seventy-one ablations (82%) had a sphericity index above 0.66. At 1 month, all tumors demonstrated complete ablation with margins of 0-5 mm, 5-10 mm, and greater than 10 mm achieved in 22%, 46%, and 31% of tumors, respectively. After a median follow-up of 10 months, local tumor control was achieved in 84.7% of treated tumors after a single ablation and in 86% after one patient received a second ablation. One grade 3 complication (stress ulcer) occurred, but was unrelated to the procedure. Ablation zone size and geometry in this clinical study were in accordance with previously reported in vivo preclinical findings. Conclusion: Promising results were reported for this MWA device. The high spherical index, reproducibility, and predictability of the resulting treatment zones translated to a high percentage of adequate safety margins, providing good local control rate.

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The main objective of this research was based on using a series of strategies with onomatopoeic sound for the stimulation of oral language in initial education students. The research is non-experimental, descriptive and with a quantitative approach, whose method consisted of a statistical analysis that allowed the researchers to collect the necessary information in relation to the teaching performance and learners’ stimulation of language with onomatopoeic sounds. It was carried out through an observation sheet and an interview with the teacher, using closed questions. As a result, it was noticed that the students do not have a well-developed language and the teacher does not use a teaching guide based on onomatopoeic sounds that allows her to apply the most suitable strategies for the language benefit. In consequence, it is recommended to design a didactic guide based on strategies with onomatopoeic sounds for the correct development of the students' language., Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo primordial emplear una serie de estrategias con sonidos onomatopéyicos para la estimulación del lenguaje oral en los estudiantes de educación inicial. La investigación es no experimental, descriptiva y con enfoque cuantitativo, cuyo método consistió en un análisis estadístico que permitió a las investigadoras recopilar la información necesaria en relación al desempeño docente y al estímulo del lenguaje con sonidos onomatopéyicos en los aprendices, lo cual se llevó a cabo mediante una ficha de observación y una entrevista a la docente, utilizando preguntas cerradas. Como resultado, se precisó que los estudiantes no tienen un lenguaje bien desarrollado y la docente no emplea una guía didáctica basada en sonidos onomatopéyicos que permita orientarla para aplicar las estrategias más idóneas en beneficio del lenguaje. Por tal motivo, se recomienda diseñar una guía didáctica basada en estrategias con sonidos onomatopéyicos para el correcto desarrollo del lenguaje de los estudiantes.

The objective of this study is to analyze gender violence in dating relationships in the city of Riobamba. It is descriptive in scope and focused on documentary research as indicated. Of these women, 25.5% stated that they had received some type of physical violence from their partner or ex-partner. In conclusion, we can mention that 23.6% have experienced a type of sexual violence. It is important to mention that according to the research carried out, violence continues to be observed in young couples in the city of Riobamba, gender violence can be present in any dating relationship and women should know that they have a law of protection which ensures the fulfillment of their rights to prevent these rights from being violated and they should not continue to remain silent about these types of violence that are increasing and can leave severe consequences., El presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar la violencia de género en las relaciones de noviazgo en la ciudad de Riobamba. De alcance descriptivo enfocado en una investigación documental según lo indican. Un 25,5% de estas mujeres afirmo que recibió un tipo de violencia física por parte de su pareja o expareja. Para concluir podemos mencionar que el 23,6% ha vivido un tipo de violencia sexual. Es importante mencionar que según la investigación realizada se sigue constatando la violencia en parejas jóvenes de la ciudad de Riobamba, la violencia de género puede estar presente en cualquier relación de noviazgo y las mujeres deben de conocer que cuentan con una ley de amparo donde se vela por el cumplimiento de sus derechos evitando que estos se vulneren y no deberán seguir callando estos tipos de violencia que cada vez son más y pueden dejar severas secuelas.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo implementar una estrategia metodológica, para el aprendizaje virtual en alumnos con discapacidad visual de educación básica elemental, favoreciendo la igualdad de oportunidades y cooperación entre compañeros. Entre los métodos de la investigación a emplear se utilizan los siguientes: el método histórico-lógico, de análisis-síntesis, de inducción-deducción e investigación. Se implementará la estrategia metodológica que busca seleccionar datos a partir de relatos de experiencias de los participantes de la investigación, es necesario usar herramientas como la observación, la encuesta y la entrevista. Los resultados obtenidos, se muestran en el análisis pertinente como parte de suceso en sus trayectorias, como necesidad de apoyo en las dos categorías, en la parte tecnológica y el aporte del personal docente, que deben impulsar en la educación básica elemental de las instituciones educativas, considerando la experiencia de los alumnos, lo que permite concluir diciendo que los aprendices con discapacidad visual están entre los más relevantes ya que requieren apoyos específicos y estrategias de enseñanza que en muchos casos no están al alcance en educación virtual, es por ello que se debe reflexionar y ajustar el currículo en todas las instituciones educativas, donde se refleje la innovación, la creatividad y la estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje, con el uso de las Tics, integrando en los planteles educativos la tiflotecnología creada y adaptada correctamente para dicentes con ceguera o discapacidad visual, ya que considerando la utilización de la tecnología, se contribuye al desarrollo autónomo personal y por qué no decirlo a la plena integración educativa.

The purpose of this study is to discuss the role and response of the people of East Kalimantan regarding the transfer of the national capital.  Collect data in this article using online questionnaires using google form, which is then analyzed using spss program version 21, previous research, and summarize the results of respondents' responses and take some information on the internet. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the number of people who are pro or agree with the government of the national capital is more than the people who counter or disagree with the number of people who agree, which is as many as 67 or 65.7% of the people. Meanwhile, based on the results obtained that the number of people who also consider that government planning related to the transfer of the national capital to East Kalimantan is a solution, with the number of people who responded that the transfer into a solution is as many as 58 communities as many as 58 people or 56.9%.

Noting that reading may inspire a child's natural curiosity, creativity, and imaginative behavior, this book presents 54 units of study designed to meet the needs of children's imagination, to use play as a basis for learning, and to explore the lives and writings of well-known authors and illustrators. Each unit in the book identifies objectives to be accomplished by using the ideas presented in the activities. Each unit also includes an annotated bibliography of 7 to 12 appropriate books. Units in the book are arranged in groups of two adjacent grade levels: kindergarten/first grade, first grade/second grade, second grade/third grade, third grade/fourth grade, fourth grade/fifth grade, and fifth grade/sixth grade. Biographical information is given on author/illustrator units. Integration of the curriculum is inherent to all units, and library skills are developed in meaningful situations. A list of seven biographical sources for authors and illustrators, and a directory of publishers, producers, and distributors are attached. (RS)

The introduction of Design-Based Education and Research (DBE and DBR) at NHL Stenden in 2018/19 set the framework to develop a concrete idea for collaboration between departments, which could involve researchers, students and lecturers as well as the work field (enterprises, public authorities, public and private organisation etc.). We, the Chairs for Purposeful Entrepreneurship, International Entrepreneurship and Organisations and Social Media, were looking for a way to integrate our research and educational goals. Through meetings, we soon realised that all three Chairs were interested in questions related to sustainable consumer dilemmas and awareness products, in combination with ‘purposeful entrepreneurship’ and ‘meaningful communication’. These are all issues that also fit the current Zeitgeist. In addition, we all spoke with several Small and Medium Sized enterprises (SMEs) that also struggle with these dilemmas. This is a ‘wicked problem’ in itself, waiting to be ‘solved’ by young fresh mind

Monitoring of airborne pollen concentrations provides an important source of information for the globally increasing number of hay fever patients.

Pollen exposure weakens the immunity against certain seasonal respiratory viruses by diminishing the antiviral interferon response. Here we investigate whether the same applies to the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is sensitive to antiviral interferons, if infection waves coincide with high airborne pollen concentrations. Our original hypothesis was that more airborne pollen would lead to increases in infection rates. To examine this, we performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal data analysis on SARS-CoV-2 infection, airborne pollen, and meteorological factors. Our dataset is the most comprehensive, largest possible worldwide from 130 stations, across 31 countries and five continents. To explicitly investigate the effects of social contact, we additionally considered population density of each study area, as well as lockdown effects, in all possible combinations: without any lockdown, with mixed lockdown−no lockdown regime, and under complete lockdown. We found that airborne pollen, sometimes in synergy with humidity and temperature, explained, on average, 44% of the infection rate variability. Infection rates increased after higher pollen concentrations most frequently during the four previous days. Without lockdown, an increase of pollen abundance by 100 pollen/m3 resulted in a 4% average increase of infection rates. Lockdown halved infection rates under similar pollen concentrations. As there can be no preventive measures against airborne pollen exposure, we suggest wide dissemination of pollen−virus coexposure dire effect information to encourage high-risk individuals to wear particle filter masks during high springtime pollen concentrations.

Monitoring of airborne pollen concentrations provides an important source of information for the globally increasing number of hay fever patients. Airborne pollen is traditionally counted under the microscope, but with the latest developments in image recognition methods, automating this process has become feasible. A challenge that persists, however, is that many pollen grains cannot be distinguished beyond the genus or family level using a microscope. Here, we assess the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to increase taxonomic accuracy for airborne pollen. As a case study we use the nettle family (Urticaceae), which contains two main genera (Urtica and Parietaria) common in European landscapes which pollen cannot be separated by trained specialists. While pollen from Urtica species has very low allergenic relevance, pollen from several species of Parietaria is severely allergenic. We collect pollen from both fresh as well as from herbarium specimens and use these without the often used acetolysis step to train the CNN model. The models show that unacetolyzed Urticaceae pollen grains can be distinguished with > 98% accuracy. We then apply our model on before unseen Urticaceae pollen collected from aerobiological samples and show that the genera can be confidently distinguished, despite the more challenging input images that are often overlain by debris. Our method can also be applied to other pollen families in the future and will thus help to make allergenic pollen monitoring more specific.

Background: The epistemological growth of the nursing student is required, a situation that contributes to strengthening critical and innovative thinking with the intention of promoting a new opportunity to achieve the effectiveness of learning that leads to generating awareness of new pedagogies for the care of the patient. Objective: to evaluate the strategies for the improvement of nursing care by promoting meaningful learning in university students. Methodology: Non-experimental observational descriptive type. Results: 47% of the population considers the empirical to be of greater significance. Conclusion: The area of strategies of greatest importance or significance is represented by the empirical line, which shows that students value with greater relevance, learning by doing, pedagogy that is important because it allows them to develop security to care for the patient., Antecedentes: Se precisa el crecimiento epistemológico del estudiante de enfermería, situación que contribuye a fortalecer el pensamiento crítico e innovador con la intención de promover una nueva oportunidad para alcanzar la eficacia de un aprendizaje que conduce a generar la concienciación de nuevas pedagogías para el cuidado del paciente. Objetivo: evaluar las estrategias para el mejoramiento del cuidado de enfermería a partir de promover un aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes universitarios. Metodología: De tipo descriptiva observacional no experimental. Resultados: el 47% de la población considera de mayor significancia lo empírico. Conclusión: El área de estrategias de mayor importancia o significancia es representa por el renglón empírico, lo que evidencia que los estudiantes valoran con mayor pertinencia, el aprender haciendo, pedagogía que es importante por cuanto les permite desarrollar seguridad para atender al paciente.

Objectives: Drugs with anticholinergic properties are associated with an increased prevalence of delirium, especially in older persons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the use of this class of drugs in nursing home (NH) patients and prevalence of delirium, particularly in people with dementia. Design: Cross-sectional multicenter study. Setting and participants: 3924 nursing home patients of 57 nursing homes in 7 European countries participating in the Services and Health for Elderly in Long TERmcare (SHELTER) project. Methods: Descriptive statistics, calculation of percentage, and multivariable logistic analysis were applied to describe the relationship between anticholinergic drug use and prevalence of delirium in NH patients. The Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS) and the Anticholinergic Burden Scale (ACB) were used to calculate the anticholinergic load. Results: 54% of patients with dementia and 60% without dementia received at least 1 anticholinergic drug according to the ACB. The prevalence of delirium was higher in the dementia group (21%) compared with the nondementia group (11%). Overall, anticholinergic burden according to the ACB and ARS was associated with delirium both in patients with and without dementia, with odds ratios ranging from 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.94-1.21] to 1.26 (95% CI 1.11-1.44). These associations reached statistical significance only in the group of patients with dementia. Among patients with dementia, delirium prevalence increased only modestly with increasing anticholinergic burden according to the ACB, from 20% (with none or minimal anticholinergic burden) to 25% (with moderate burden) and 27% delirium (with strong burden scores). Conclusions and Implications: The ACB scale is relatively capable to detect anticholinergic side effects, which are positively associated with prevalence of delirium in NH patients. Given the modest nature of this association, strong recommendations are currently no

The introduction of Design-Based Education and Research (DBE and DBR) at NHL Stenden in 2018/19 set the framework to develop a concrete idea for collaboration between departments, which could involve researchers, students and lecturers as well as the work field (enterprises, public authorities, public and private organisation etc.). We, the Chairs for Purposeful Entrepreneurship, International Entrepreneurship and Organisations and Social Media, were looking for a way to integrate our research and educational goals. Through meetings, we soon realised that all three Chairs were interested in questions related to sustainable consumer dilemmas and awareness products, in combination with ‘purposeful entrepreneurship’ and ‘meaningful communication’. These are all issues that also fit the current Zeitgeist. In addition, we all spoke with several Small and Medium Sized enterprises (SMEs) that also struggle with these dilemmas. This is a ‘wicked problem’ in itself, waiting to be ‘solved’ by young fresh mind

Background & aims: Donor human milk (DHM) is recommended as the first alternative for preterm infants if their mother's own milk is not available or if the quantity is not sufficient. The most commonly used technique to eliminate microbial contaminants in DHM is holder pasteurization (HoP). However, the heating process during HoP partially destroys milk bioactive factors such as insulin. Therefore, innovative techniques have been developed as alternatives to HoP. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of HoP, high-temperature–short-time (HTST), thermoultrasonication (TUS), ultraviolet-C irradiation (UV-C), and high-pressure processing (HPP) on the insulin concentration in DHM. Methods: Milk samples from 28 non-diabetic mothers were collected. The milk samples were aliquoted and either left untreated or treated with HoP (62.5 °C; 30 min), HTST (72 °C; 15 s), TUS (60 W; 6 min), UV-C (4863 J/L), or HPP (500 MPa; 5 min). Results: The mean insulin concentration in untreated milk was 79 ± 41 pmol/L. The mean insulin retention rate was 67% for HoP, 78% for HTST, 97% for TUS, 94% for UV-C, and 106% for HPP. The mean insulin concentration in milk treated with HoP was significantly lower compared to untreated milk (p = 0.01). Conclusion: TUS, UV-C, and HPP preserve insulin in DHM. The insulin concentration in DHM is affected to a larger extent by HoP than by HTST. These results indicate that TUS, UV-C, and HPP may serve as alternatives to HoP.

This research aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Open Journal Systems software in the management of magazines and conferences. A comparative analysis was carried out from before and after 2016 to the present, taking as exemplary magazines from Ecuador where version 3.0 of this free access software was used, which had the old version 2.4.8.1. This currently constitutes the “boom” trend where digital magazines are found on the browsing and search networks. This free service complies with allows the editorial flow process used by online magazine managers and editors to be carried out with quality and optimizes resources and time dedicated to editorial production, and gives users facilities to obtain the necessary information to that they can present their proposal, as well as read the publications that have been made, regardless of the continent in which they are located. The methodology used was a retrospective documentary analysis of an experimental, practical, demonstrative, and analytical nature that made it possible to interpret the results obtained from the application of the software to manage scientific publications. As a result, it is evident that these open access platforms help journals to carry out an arbitrated publication process and even online indexing. Concluding that at present the publication in digital magazines gives visibility to the results of scientific research that are published, an especially important aspect to develop science. What do you want to do ? New mailCopy What do you want to do ? New mailCopy, Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo demostrar la efectividad del software Open Journal Systems en la gestión de revistas y congresos. Se realizó un análisis comparativo desde antes y después del año 2016 hasta la actualidad, tomando como ejemplares revistas de Ecuador donde se utilizó la versión 3.0 de este software de acceso libre, que contaban con la versión antigua 2.4.8.1. Esto constituye actualmente el “boom” donde las revistas digitales se encuentran en las redes de navegación y búsqueda. Este servicio gratuito permite que el proceso de flujo editorial utilizado por los gestores y editores de revistas en línea se lleve a cabo con calidad y optimiza los recursos y el tiempo dedicados a la producción editorial, y brinda a los usuarios facilidades para obtener la información necesaria para que puedan presentar su propuesta, así como leer las publicaciones que se han realizado, independientemente del continente en el que se encuentren. La metodología utilizada fue un análisis documental retrospectivo de carácter experimental, práctico, demostrativo y analítico que permitió interpretar los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación del software para la gestión de publicaciones científicas. Como resultado, es evidente que estas plataformas de acceso abierto ayudan a las revistas a llevar a cabo un proceso de publicación arbitrado e incluso indexación en línea. Concluyendo que en la actualidad la publicación en revistas digitales da visibilidad a los resultados de las investigaciones científicas que se publican, aspecto muy importante para el desarrollo de la ciencia. What do you want to do ? New mailCopy What do you want to do ? New mailCopy

There are data that support mortality rates in infants and children due to cardiac arrest (CP) that are managed out-of-hos-pital, range between 80 and 97%, although cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been used. Even within hospitals, the statistics regarding the same eventuality and population have been equally discouraging, since the indicators report a considerable and worrying 40 and 65% mortality. Advanced CPR, compared to basic CPR, could be understood as the addition of adjuvant equipment and special techniques for the establishment and maintenance of effective ventilation and perfusion, electrocardiographic monitoring, detection and treatment of arrhythmias and stabilization of the patient after the resuscitation. The interest in developing this bibliographic review is based on the importance of knowing not only what Advanced CPR is for Infants and Children, but also, finding current reference sources that expand on some of the most outstanding aspects of this topic. developing. The results obtained constitute updated meanings, differentiated equipment for Advanced Pediatric CPR, Advanced Pediatric Life Support (SVAP), alternatives during the execution of Advanced CPR and care in Advanced CPR and post-resuscitation. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the tasks of Advanced CPR in children and infants, as well as in any other patient, are conditioned by several important factors, such as an effective basic CPR maneuver, adequate equipment for the care of each patient (equipment, materials, drugs), knowledge by professional health personnel to apply the procedure quickly and appropriately., Existen datos que sostienen que las tasas de mortalidad en lactantes y niños a causa de un paro cardiaco (PC) que se manejan extrahospitalariamente, oscilan entre un 80 y 97 %, aunque se haya usado la reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP). Aún dentro de los hospitales, las estadísticas respecto a la misma eventualidad y población han resultado igualmente desalentadoras, pues los indicadores reportan unos considerables y preocupantes 40 y 65% de mortalidad. La RCP Avan-zada, respecto a la básica, pudiera entenderse como la adición de equipamiento adyuvante y técnicas especiales para el establecimiento y mantenimiento de una efectiva ventilación y perfusión, el monitoreo electrocardiográfico, la detección y tratamiento de arritmias y la estabilización del paciente posterior a la resucitación. El interés por desarrollar la presente revisión bibliográfica se basa en la importancia por conocer no sólo de que se trata RCP Avanzada en Lactantes y Niños, sino también, encontrar fuentes referenciales vigentes que amplíen algunos de los aspectos más resaltantes que sobe este tema se ha venido desarrollando. Los resultados obtenidos constituyen acepciones actualizadas, equipamiento dife-renciado para la RCP Avanzada Pediátrica, Soporte Vital Avanzado Pediátrico (SVAP), alternativas durante la ejecución de la RCP Avanzada y los cuidados en RCP Avanzada y posreanimación, Se concluye que, la eficacia de las labores de RCP avanzadas en niños y lactantes, así como en cualquier otro paciente, se encuentran condicionadas a varios factores importantes, tales como una efectiva maniobra de RCP básico, un equipamiento adecuado para la atención de cada paciente (equipos, materiales, fármacos), el conocimiento por parte del personal profesional de salud para aplicar el pro-cedimiento de manera rápida y adecuada.

Ageing is a phase of life, and contrary to meaning abandonment and decadence, the so-called golden years deserves to be enjoyed, therefore, a place specialized in the care, development and recreation of the elderly is inescapable, where their calmness and prosperity is prioritized and treated as a pillar of society, key factors to improve the quality of life of this age group. The design of an Assisted Residence for the Elderly, seeks the benefit of semi and self-sufficient elderly through architecture, whose approach seeks to meet their needs in a place characterized by being inclusive and universal access. Through the study of assisted residences, mostly adapted, the need for spaces that meet specific requirements of both, the user and the activity to develop was evidenced, therefore, it is imperative not only the place, but also furniture that guarantee security and wellness. Circulation between zones is an important complement, and seeks not only to guide but to avoid spatial and personal temporal disorientation. The project consists of two mirrored volumes that are harmoniously integrated into the existing landscape. The main entry is located in the first block, which houses the medical and administrative functions, leaving the largest block exclusively for the living and sharing areas of the elderly. Through comfortable spaces and materials according to the environment, brick, steel and glass are integrated, resulting in a fusion of traditional and contemporary.

Self-care as a primary care tool, needs to be strengthened in the training of Nursing professionals. Based on this premise, this article was raised to evaluate self-care as a primary care tool for students fifth through eighth semester of nursing career at Southern Manabí State University. To do this, the study followed a descriptive and quasi-experimental methodology. The population was made up of 187 students from the fifth to eighth semester of the nursing degree of the southern state university of South Manabí. The collection of the information was carried out through a questionnaire-like instrument, and the analysis was the descriptive and frequency statistics. Among her conclusions, it could be noted that there is a regular state of attention to self-care among students of the Nursing career despite having received theoretical knowledge of this too, El autocuidado como herramienta de atención primaria, necesita ser reforzado en la formación de los profesionales de Enfermería. Con base a esta premisa, se planteó en este artículo como objetivo evaluar el autocuidado como herramienta de atención primaria en estudiantes del quinto al octavo semestre de la carrera de enfermería de la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí. Para ello, el estudio siguio una metodologia descriptiva y cuasi experimental. La población la constituyeron 187 estudiantes del quinto al octavo semestre de la carrera de enfermería de la universidad estatal del Sur de Manabí. La recolección de la información se realizó a través de un instrumento tipo cuestionario, y el análisis fue la estadística descriptiva y frecuencial. Entre sus conclusiones, se pudo pudo constatar que existe un estado regular de atención al autocuidado entre los estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería a pesar de haber recibido conocimientos teóricos de esta herramienta

The main objective of the research is to analyze intrafamily violence during the period of confinement due to the covid-19 pandemic in the city of Riobamba - Ecuador. Descriptive methodological in nature with non-experimental bibliographic design. A total of 1695 attentions related to cases of intra-family violence were identified. It can be seen that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused several families to lose their jobs, thus preventing students from accessing education because they do not have sufficient means, because their parents do not have a job. stable and problems at home are daily being more likely to suffer from domestic violence., La investigación tiene por objetivo principal analizar la violencia Intrafamiliar durante el período de confinamiento por pandemia covid-19 en la ciudad de Riobamba – Ecuador. De carácter metodológico descriptivo con diseño bibliográfico no experimental. Se identificaron un total de 1695 atenciones relacionadas con casos de violencia intra familiar. Se puede evidenciar que la pandemia por COVID-19, ha generado que varias familias pierdan el trabajo, dando así a que los estudiantes no puedan acceder a la educación porque no cuentan con los medios suficientes, debido a que sus padres no gozan de un trabajo estable y los problemas en el hogar son diariamente siendo más propensos a que sufran de violencia intrafamiliar.

En el presente documento de investigación se ha desarrollado un análisis del accionar de la política tributaria en la economía ecuatoriana, la cual necesariamente debe ser estudiada ya que el deber del Estado, de acuerdo con lo establecido en la Constitución 2008, es propender a la disminución de los niveles de pobreza, a través de la redistribución de los recursos disponibles hacia todos los sectores de la población, lo cual permite un desarrollo sustentable adecuado. En este sentido, en el Ecuador se han implementado diversas políticas públicas con la finalidad de impulsar la recaudación y así lograr la financiación de las distintas actividades económicas desarrolladas en el país, sin embargo, aún no se evidencia el impacto de la política tributaria en términos del fortalecimiento de los sectores sociales, pues únicamente existen datos referentes a la participación en el gasto estatal.

Maria Intriago, Genessis Maldonado, Roberto Guerrero, Mario Moreno, Letty Moreno, Carlos Rios Rheumatology Department, Universidad Espiritu Santo, Guayaquil, EcuadorCorrespondence: Genessis Maldonado Email genesismaldonadovelez92@gmail.comIntroduction: Disability in RA is associated with loss of workdays, greater use of health resources and a higher prevalence of depression. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of functional disability and the factors associated with it.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out during January–June 2019 at a rheumatology clinic in the city of Guayaquil. Patients with pre-established RA were included. Functional disability was measured using the HAQ-DI. Data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS v22. We compared characteristics between patients with and without disability using Student’s t-test and chi-square. A multiple logistic regression model for functional disability was made.Results: We included 395 patients, 87.8% female and 12.2% male with a mean age of 51.4± 12 years and mean duration of disease 13.8± 7 years. Most patients had extra-articular manifestations (80.8%) and comorbidities (81.3%). The mean HAQ-DI was 0.8± 0.9, with a prevalence of disability of 26.6%. We found a statistically significant relationship between disability and female sex (p=0.018), age (p=0.020), presence of extra-articular manifestations (p=0.008), myalgia (p< 0.001) and fatigue (p< 0.001). In addition, patients with disabilities had a lower employment rate (26.7%) compared to those without disability (45.5%, p=0.001). In the multivariate logistic analysis, only depression (p=0.029), diabetes (p=0.003), SJC (p=0.001) and VAS of pain (p=0.004) were significantly related to functional disability.Conclusion: Disability affects a quarter of patients with RA. Among the determinants of disability, we found female sex, older age, grade of pain, inflamma

Invasive alien species (IAS) can substantially affect ecosystem services and human well-being. However, quantitative assessments of their impact on human health are rare and the benefits of implementing IAS management likely to be underestimated. Here we report the effects of the allergenic plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia on public health in Europe and the potential impact of the accidentally introduced leaf beetle Ophraella communa on the number of patients and healthcare costs. We find that, prior to the establishment of O. communa, some 13.5 million persons suffered from Ambrosia-induced allergies in Europe, causing costs of Euro 7.4 billion annually. Our projections reveal that biological control of A. artemisiifolia will reduce the number of patients by approximately 2.3 million and the health costs by Euro 1.1 billion per year. Our conservative calculations indicate that the currently discussed economic costs of IAS underestimate the real costs and thus also the benefits from biological control.

Aggression in male mice often leads to injury and death, making social housing difficult. We tested whether (1) small group size, (2) early age of allocation to a group decreases aggression and 3) manipulation increases aggression in male mice. A 14wk study was performed to assess the following conditions in male CD-1/ICR mice: group size (1, 2, or 3), age at grouping (5 or 7wks), and manipulation (daily scruffing or minimal weekly handling). Wounds, body weights, food consumption, nest scores, sucrose consumption, fecal corticosterone and blood for hematology were collected. At the end of the study, mice were euthanized and pelted to assess wounding with the pelt aggression lesion scale (PALS). No signs of acute or chronic stress were observed in any of the groups. Trio housed mice showed less bite wounds than pair housed mice. In general, mice in larger groups ate less but weighed more. Individually housed mice, however, had high nest scores, low body weights, and increased sucrose and food consumption. These results suggest that even when nesting material is provided, individual mice may be experiencing thermal stress. Based on this data, CD-1 mice can successfully be housed for up to 14wks and groups of 3 may be the best for reducing even minor levels of aggression (i.e. wounding).

This work is focused on analyzing strategic management for the advantage of cost accounting in business organizations. Developed through a documentary research with bibliographic design, in which were examined the theoretical foundations exposed by scholar authors of the subject, through arbitrated articles, databases, memories of events, documents and academic texts, compiling in a matrix previously formulated, aspects that support strategic management, cost accounting, as well as the components of the accounting system, as core categories. The technique of information gathering was documentary observation. In this order of ideas, made the corresponding analysis, it is evident that the strategic management as a premise, leverages the cost accounting that is assumed in the companies, focusing on the value imposed on a product, process or service at the time of offering it. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate that value in a real way, favoring effective decision-making. Consequently, in view of the competitive and dynamic organizational context of any company, it is essential to consider globality and thereby position itself. In this sense, when both categories are linked, the information provided is exposed in detail, allowing management to take appropriate measures in space and time. And when it is carried out fulfilling one of the basic principles oriented towards effectiveness, it guarantees elements based on a set of previously established indicators. Concluding that the consulted authors propose the implementation of strategic management with all the elements that comprise it to achieve the leverage of cost accounting, regardless of the nature of the company in which its principles are put into practice. Likewise, it is pertinent to extend the result obtained, consulting the key informants, who can provide useful data to carry out a broader investigation, which encourages structural changes based on the comments., Este trabajo está enfocado en analizar la gestión estratégica para el apalancamiento de la contabilidad de costos en organizaciones empresariales. Desarrollándose por medio de una investigación documental con diseño bibliográfico, en la cual fueron examinados los fundamentos teóricos expuestos por autores estudiosos del tema, a través de artículos arbitrados, bases de datos, memorias de eventos, documentos y textos académicos, compilándose en una matriz previamente formulada, aspectos que soportan la gestión estratégica, contabilidad de costos, al igual que los componentes del sistema contable, como categorías centrales. La técnica de recolección de información fue la observación documental. En este orden de ideas, realizado el correspondiente análisis, se evidencia que la gestión estratégica como premisa, apalanca la contabilidad de costos que se asume en las empresas, incidiendo en el valor impuesto a un producto, proceso o servicio a la hora de ofrecerlo. Por lo cual, se hace necesario estimar ese valor de manera real, propendiendo a una efectiva toma de decisiones. En consecuencia, ante lo competitivo y dinámico del contexto organizacional de cualquier empresa, es indispensable considerar la globalidad y con ello posicionarse. En este sentido, al vincularse ambas categorías, la información proporcionada es expuesta detalladamente, permitiendo a la gerencia asumir disposiciones acertadas en espacio y tiempo. Y al ser esgrimida cumpliendo uno de los principios básicos orientado a la efectividad, garantiza elementos con base a un conjunto de indicadores anteriormente establecidos. Concluyendo que los autores consultados proponen la implementación de la gestión estratégica con todos los elementos que la conforman para alcanzar el apalancamiento de la contabilidad de costos, independientemente la naturaleza de la empresa en la cual se ponen en práctica sus principios. Asimismo, es pertinente ampliar el resultado obtenido, consultando a los informantes clave, quienes

BackgroundPremenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is an understudied, debilitating disorder of women. Given evidence for prefrontal cortical and limbic dysfunction in PMDD, we compared intrinsic connectivity of the executive control network (ECN), default mode network (DMN), and amygdala in women with PMDD vs. controls.MethodsThirty-six women (18 PMDD, 18 control) participated in fMRI during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. At each time, resting-state functional connectivity was evaluated both before and after participants performed an emotion regulation task. The ECN was identified using independent components analysis, and connectivity of left and right amygdala seeds was also evaluated.ResultsNonparametric permutation testing identified a cluster in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) with significantly stronger connectivity to the left ECN in women with PMDD vs. controls in all four fMRI sessions. Women with PMDD exhibited no difference in functional connectivity between menstrual cycle phases. Amygdala connectivity did not differ between the groups but differed significantly with menstrual phase, with left amygdala connectivity to cingulate cortex being significantly stronger during the follicular vs. luteal phase. Right amygdala connectivity to the middle frontal gyrus was also stronger during the follicular vs. luteal phase, with no group differences. These findings suggest that women with PMDD have different intrinsic network dynamics in the left executive control network compared to healthy controls.

A variety of genetic techniques have been devised to determine cell lineage relationships during tissue development. Some of these systems monitor cell lineages spatially and/or temporally without regard to gene expression by the cells, whereas others correlate gene expression with the lineage under study. The GAL4 Technique for Real-time and Clonal Expression (G-TRACE) system allows for rapid, fluorescent protein-based visualization of both current and past GAL4 expression patterns and is therefore amenable to genome-wide expression-based lineage screens. Here we describe the results from such a screen, performed by undergraduate students of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Undergraduate Research Consortium for Functional Genomics (URCFG) and high school summer scholars as part of a discovery-based education program. The results of the screen, which reveal novel expression-based lineage patterns within the brain, the imaginal disc epithelia, and the hematopoietic lymph gland, have been compiled into the G-TRACE Expression Database (GED), an online resource for use by the Drosophila research community. The impact of this discovery-based research experience on student learning gains was assessed independently and shown to be greater than that of similar programs conducted elsewhere. Furthermore, students participating in the URCFG showed considerably higher STEM retention rates than UCLA STEM students that did not participate in the URCFG, as well as STEM students nationwide.

Probiotics are effective in reducing necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants, but routine use is not generally adopted. We describe a safety issue concerning contamination by pathogenic bacteria and missing of labelled strains in a probiotic product widely used in neonatal care. We recommend all centres using probiotics in the care of vulnerable patients to consider product safety checks in addition to the quality reports of manufacturers. Meanwhile, clinicians and manufacturers should collaborate to define quality standards for probiotic products in clinical settings as long as specific international regulations are lacking.

Peer tutoring is a pedagogical modality in which students, usually from more advanced semesters, accompany their peers in the orientation and reinforcement of learning processes within a disciplinary area, which allows the promotion cooperative learning at the higher education level. In view of thisapproach, the objective of this article focused on evaluating peer mentoring as a modality for promoting cooperative learning at the higher level. The study followed a descriptive methodology with a non-experimental and field design, since it was necessary to study the facts where they originate to observe it, describe them and apply the necessary instruments to obtain the results. The design of this research was considered non-experimental and fielded. The population was made up of 14 students who played the role of peer tutors. The data was observed and collected through the participatory observation technique, for this purpose a structure interview and a questionnaire with a Likert scale were used as instruments. Among their results is the fact that the highest percentage with 82% of those researched, indicate that the lack of teachers who support them in their work does not allow them to help their student peers more effectively. It could be concluded that peer mentoring, as a modality for promoting cooperative learning at the higher level, does not fulfil its role in the researched university spaces of Portoviejo., A tutoria por pares é uma modalidade pedagógica em que os alunos, geralmente de semestres mais avançados, acompanham seus pares na orientação e reforço dos processos de aprendizagem dentro de uma área disciplinar, o que permite a promoção da aprendizagem cooperativa na nível de ensino superior. Dadaestaabordagem, o objetivo deste artigo focou-se em avaliar a tutoria entre pares como uma modalidade para promover a aprendizagem cooperativa em um nível superior. O estudo seguiu uma metodologia descritiva com delineamento não experimental e de campo, pois foi necessário estudar os fatos de onde se originaram para observá-lo, descrevê-los e aplicar os instrumentos necessários para a obtenção dos resultados. O desenho desta pesquisa foi considerado não experimental e de campo. A população foi composta por 14 estudantes que exerceram o papel de tutores pares. Os dados foram observados e coletados por meio da técnica de observação participativa, para isso foram utilizados como instrumento umaentrevistaestruturada e um questionário com escala Likert. Entre seus resultados, vale destacar o fato de que o maior percentual com 82% dos pesquisados indica que a falta de professores que os apoiam em seu trabalho não lhes permite ajudar seus pares de maneira mais efetiva. Concluiu-se que a tutoria por pares, como modalidade de promoção da aprendizagem cooperativa em nível superior, não cumpre seu papel nos espaços universitários pesquisados de Portoviejo., La tutoría entre iguales es una modalidad pedagógica en la que estudiantes, generalmente de semestres más avanzados, acompañan a sus pares en la orientación y el refuerzo de los procesos de aprendizaje dentro de un área disciplinar, el cual permite la promoción del aprendizaje cooperativo en el nivel de educación superior. Ante este planteamiento, el objetivo de este artículo se centró en evaluar la tutoría entre iguales como una modalidad para promover el aprendizaje cooperativo a nivel superior. El estudio siguió una metodología de tipo descriptiva con un diseño no experimental y de campo, puesto que fue necesario estudiar los hechos donde se originan para observarlo, describirlos y aplicar los instrumentos necesarios para la obtención de los resultados. El diseño de esta investigación se consideró no experimental y de campo. La población la constituyeron 14 estudiantes que ejercían el rol de tutores entre iguales. Se observaron y recolectaron los datos a través de la técnica de la observación participativa, para ello se utilizó como instrumentos una entrevista estructura y un cuestionario con una escala tipo Likert. Entre sus resultados, se destaca el hecho en la cual el porcentaje más alto con el 82% de los investigados, indican que la falta de profesores que les apoyen en su labor no les permite ayudar con más efectividad a sus pares estudiantes. Se pudo concluir que la tutoría entre iguales, como una modalidad para promover el aprendizaje cooperativo a nivel superior, no cumple su rol en los espacios universitarios investigados de Portoviejo.