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The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40271-014-0083-y) contains supplementary material, Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, the levels of which are inappropriately high for an individual’s developmental age. Objective The objective of this study was to explore the unmet needs of children/adolescents with ADHD and their caregivers in eight European countries. Methods Semi-structured interviews with 38 caregivers of children/adolescents (aged 6–17 years) with ADHD and no or less serious comorbidities and 28 adolescents (aged 13–17 years) with ADHD and no or less serious comorbidities were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed into English, and coded for analysis. Results Caregivers reported their own ADHD-related issues, including making personal accommodations, such as limiting activities and spending extra time/effort caring for their child/adolescent, social impacts, and strained relationships. Medication was generally considered helpful; however, most children experience core ADHD symptoms while on medication (reported by 88 % of caregivers and 100 % of adolescents). Adolescents often reported schoolwork difficulties (96 %) and peer issues (75 %), while caregivers reported school issues (84 %) and peer difficulties (79 %). Caregivers reported minimal ADHD education and community support. Caregivers (29 %) and adolescents (54 %) desired medication that better controlled symptoms but had concerns about being oversubdued. Caregivers reported concerns about adverse effects (21 %). Conclusions European caregivers of children/adolescents with ADHD identified multiple unmet needs, which persist despite treatment. Adolescents noted impacts on school and social interactions consistent with caregivers. Future research is needed to quantify the study findings, and, ultimately, ease the impact of ADHD on patients and their caregivers., Depto. de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

This study was a retrospective chart review performed to examine and describe physician practice patterns in managing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across Europe. Physicians treating ADHD in the UK, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain were recruited. Each physician abstracted medical records of five patients (aged 6-17 years at time of review) with a documented diagnosis of ADHD made between January 2004 and June 2007. Data provided by the physician via the abstraction included (a) physician characteristics, (b) patient characteristics, (c) ADHD diagnosis and (d) ADHD outcomes (adherence, symptom control and satisfaction). A total of 779 patients met study inclusion criteria. In the overall population, patients' mean (SD) age at time of diagnosis was 8.9 (2.6) years. The predominant treatment choice was long-acting methylphenidate, which was prescribed to more than 56 % of patients. According to physicians, only 30.8 % of patients showed 'complete symptom control' on current treatment and only 31.8 % of physicians reported being 'very satisfied' with their patients' current treatment. Physicians' assessments of complete symptom control and physician satisfaction with treatment were low, indicating unmet needs with current ADHD management in Europe., Shire Development, LLC, Depto. de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Patología, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

We evaluated the association between those symptoms/behaviours of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that were present at diagnosis and outcomes of treatment in children and adolescents in six European countries. Physicians abstracted clinical records from patients (6-17 years) diagnosed with ADHD between 2004 and 2007 and treated for ≥2 years. Physicians scored the severity of impairment for core ADHD symptoms and additional (non-core) ADHD symptoms/behaviours at diagnosis and estimated treatment adherence (defined as an estimated >80 % adherence on weekdays and >50 % adherence on weekends). Treatment modalities included pharmacological treatment, behavioural therapy, or both. Pharmacological treatment was further subclassified by medication class. The outcome, optimal treatment success (OTS), was defined as complete symptom control with high satisfaction with treatment. Multivariate logistic regression modelling examined the relationship between OTS and symptom impairment. Of 730 patients, 200 (27 %) achieved OTS. These patients were more likely to demonstrate lower impairment in non-core ADHD symptoms/behaviours and have fewer pre-existing comorbidities. They were also more likely to be adherent and engaged with treatment, with an explicit treatment goal to improve inattention/school performance. Neither core symptoms' severity nor treatment types were associated with OTS. OTS rates were low, with patients having less impairment of non-core ADHD symptoms/behaviours and fewer comorbidities more likely to achieve OTS. Potentially modifiable factors affecting OTS were as follows: treatment adherence, treatment engagement, and a treatment goal to improve inattention/school performance. These data suggest that there may be opportunities to optimize current treatment use, and develop new treatment strategies to improve core and non-core ADHD symptoms/behaviours., Shire Development, LLC, Depto. de Medicina, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Over the past few decades, there has been mounting consensus within the international human rights and public health communities that restrictive abortion laws violate a range of fundamental human rights and are detrimental to individuals' health and well-being. Indeed, human rights bodies have taken steadily more progressive stances on abortion, and global public health entities also increasingly recognize that abortion is a public health need. Centering sexual and reproductive health and rights, and abortion specifically, in discussions of strengthening health systems presents opportunities to expand support for abortion rights. This article integrates evidence from three perspectives—demographic, health and legal—to present arguments for the liberalization of abortion laws that are more compelling than each perspective alone. Drawing on human rights law and updated evidence on abortion, the article demonstrates that the criminalization of abortion creates significant barriers to accessing legal abortion services by generating stigma, failing to guarantee patients' confidentiality, and disproportionally impacting marginalized and rural communities. To guarantee access to abortion services free from stigma, and in accordance with human rights, states must remove all abortion provisions from the penal code and incorporate abortion regulations within health codes, as done for other medical procedures. Both full decriminalization of abortion and health system policy reforms, with a particular emphasis on reaching vulnerable groups, are essential for all people to fully realize their right to make autonomous reproductive health decisions and to have access to the information and services necessary to achieve this right free from discrimination, coercion, and violence.

Proses pengolahan kayu menggunakan beberapa mesin dalam proses pekerjaannya.Terdapat bahaya dari mesin bandsaw dan kondisi lingkungan kerja di CV Kahwa Jaya Saw Mill. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko pekerjaan pengolahan kayu di CV Kahwa Jaya Saw Mill tahun 2022. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode HIRARC. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data dengan melakukan wawancara, dan observasi lapangan. Informan yang dipilih sebanyak 10 orang menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik triangulasi sumber dan metode. Analisis data menggunakan risk matrix untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi bahaya didapatkan 5 sumber bahaya pada penurunan kayu, 5 sumber bahaya pada penggergajian kayu, 3 sumber bahaya pada pengasahan gergaji pita, 5 sumber bahaya pada pengangkutan kayu gergajian. Bahaya tersebut berasal dari truk, kayu log, gancu kayu, potongan kayu kecil, kebisingan yang ditimbulkan dari mesin bandsaw, gergaji pita, debu kayu, lori besar, lori kecil, mesin pengasahan, mesin las. Penilaian risiko pada proses pengolahan kayu didapatkan 37 risiko terdiri dari 3 risiko ekstrim, 8 risiko tinggi, 21 risiko sedang, 5 risiko rendah. Terdapat 17 sumber bahaya dan 37 risiko pada proses pengolahan kayu. Penilaian risiko di setiap proses pekerjaan pengolahan kayu pada umumnya berisiko sedang. Disarankan kepada industri untuk melengkapi APD pada setiap pekerjaan dan melakukan pemantauan rutin terhadap pekerja untuk melihat kepatuhan penggunaan APD.

The goal of this research was to determine the Tabir Malay Traditional Institute's efforts to preserve the Kalinong Musical Instrument in Rantau Panjang, Tabir District, Merangin Regency. And to learn about the Tabir Malay Traditional Institute's challenges in preserving Kalinong Musical Instruments in Rantau Panjang, Tabir District, Merangin Regency. The study takes place in Tabir District, Merangin Regency. The researchers chose this location because they noticed a cultural work in the form of kalinong music that is fading in the Rantau Panjang area, Tabir sub-district, Merangin Regency. This study was conducted from January to March of 2021. The findings revealed that the Tabir Malay Traditional Institute's efforts to preserve Kalinong Musical Instruments in Rantau Panjang, Tabir District, and Merangin Regency, among others, were registered as intangible cultural heritage by the Republic of Indonesia's Ministry of Education and Culture. The certificate was presented to Jambi Province on January 6, 2017 at the Ratu Convention Center in Jambi. Furthermore, kalinong is used as music in planting events to entertain farmers who want to farm (umo) and harvest rice, and kalinong is used to welcome officials/guests. Among the challenges faced by the Tabir Malay Traditional Institute in preserving Kalinong Musical Instruments in Rantau Panjang, Tabir District, and Merangin Regency are a lack of younger generation involvement in preserving kalinong music and a lack of kalinong music players.

Objective: To explore the burden associated with childhood ADHD in a large observational study. Methods: We recruited familes with at least one child (6-18 years) with ADHD via 15 NHS trusts in the UK, and collected data from all family members. We made careful adjustments to ensure a like-for-like comparison with two different control groups, and explored the impact of controlling for a positive parental/carer ADHD screen, employment, and relationship status. Results: We found significant negative impacts of childhood ADHD on parents'/carers' hours and quality of sleep, satisfaction with leisure time, and health-related quality of life (measured by the EuroQol-5D [EQ-5D]). We found a decrement in life satisfaction, mental well-being (as measured by the Short-Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale [S-WEMWBS]), and satisfaction with intimate relationships, but this was not always robust across the different control groups. We did not find any decrement in satisfaction with health, self-reported health status, or satisfaction with income. Conclusion: The study quantifies the impact on the health and well-being of parents living with a child with ADHD using a survey of families attending ADHD clinics in the United Kingdom.

The aim of the study was to characterize if the development of cardiac hypertrophy (CH) caused by severe left ventricle (LV) volume overload (VO) from chronic aortic valve regurgitation (AR) in male rats was influenced by androgens. We studied Wistar rats with/without orchiectomy (Ocx) either sham‐operated (S) or with severe AR for 26 weeks. Loss of testosterone induced by Ocx decreased general body growth. Cardiac hypertrophy resulting from AR was relatively more important in intact (non‐Ocx) animals than in Ocx ones compared to their respective S group (60% vs. 40%; P = 0.019). The intact AR group had more LV dilation, end‐diastolic LV diameter being increased by 37% over S group and by 17% in AROcx rats (P < 0.0001). Fractional shortening (an index of systolic function) decreased only by 15% in AROcx compared to 26% for intact AR animals (P = 0.029). Changes in LV gene expression resulting from CH were more marked in intact rats than in AROcx animals, especially for genes linked to extracellular matrix remodeling and energy metabolism. The ratio of hydroxyacyl‐Coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity over hexokinase activity, an index of the shift of myocardial substrate use toward glucose from the preferred fatty acids, was significantly decreased in the AR group but not in AROcx. Finally, pJnk2 LV protein content was more abundant in AR than in AROcx rats, indicating decreased activation of this stress pathway in the absence of androgens. In summary, testosterone deficiency in rats with severe LV VO resulted in less CH and a normalization of the LV gene expression profile.

The aim of the study was to characterize if the development of cardiac hypertrophy (CH) caused by severe left ventricle (LV) volume overload (VO) from chronic aortic valve regurgitation (AR) in male rats was influenced by androgens. We studied Wistar rats with/without orchiectomy (Ocx) either sham‐operated (S) or with severe AR for 26 weeks. Loss of testosterone induced by Ocx decreased general body growth. Cardiac hypertrophy resulting from AR was relatively more important in intact (non‐Ocx) animals than in Ocx ones compared to their respective S group (60% vs. 40%; P = 0.019). The intact AR group had more LV dilation, end‐diastolic LV diameter being increased by 37% over S group and by 17% in AROcx rats (P < 0.0001). Fractional shortening (an index of systolic function) decreased only by 15% in AROcx compared to 26% for intact AR animals (P = 0.029). Changes in LV gene expression resulting from CH were more marked in intact rats than in AROcx animals, especially for genes linked to extracellular matrix remodeling and energy metabolism. The ratio of hydroxyacyl‐Coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity over hexokinase activity, an index of the shift of myocardial substrate use toward glucose from the preferred fatty acids, was significantly decreased in the AR group but not in AROcx. Finally, pJnk2 LV protein content was more abundant in AR than in AROcx rats, indicating decreased activation of this stress pathway in the absence of androgens. In summary, testosterone deficiency in rats with severe LV VO resulted in less CH and a normalization of the LV gene expression profile.

Harpin Syah, 1220832011. Study Program Master of Political Science, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Andalas Padang. Thesis Title: Political Strategy Candidate Regent and Deputy Regent Candidate Merangin In Election District in 2013 (Case: Candidates Regent and Deputy Candidate Regent Al-Haris And Khafeid Moein). Supervisor: Dr. Asrinaldi, S. Sos. M.Si. Supervisor II: Drs. Tamrin. M.Si. Research Purposes: 1) To analyze the political strategy carried out by the candidate elected. 2) utntuk analyze the parties supporting the political strategy and the bearer party candidate who won the election. The benefits of research that becomes a reference for other researchers who want to investigate the political strategy of standpoint theory executive modalities so as to get a seat in the area. The review of the theory used in this peelitian is the Theory of Political Strategy and Theory of Modality. Theory modalities used by paslon regent and deputy regent is to look at social capital, political capital, economic capital, symbolic capital, cultural capital. Political strategy used is the strategy of offensive and defensive strategies. In this study, the authors used a qualitative approach with descriptive research design. Data was collected through interviews and documentation, while the validity of the technique the researchers used the data using triangulation techniques and triangulation of data collection. Selection of informants by using purposive sampling. Based on this research, it was explained that the political strategies used candidate elected in the general election of regional heads in 2013 is due to a couple of candidates elected is able to apply the modalities of a political strategy in the arena of electoral thus placing its strength in the base and outside the base and weaken the strength of the couple another in their electoral area basis for strength modalities chosen partner. With the four candidates chosen partner is also a

Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with reduced health and well-being of patients and their families. The authors undertook a large UK survey-based observational study of the burden associated with childhood ADHD. The impact of ADHD on both the patient (N = 476) and their siblings (N = 337) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and happiness was quantified using multiple standard measures [e.g. child health utility-9D (CHU-9D), EuroQol-5D-Youth]. In the analysis, careful statistical adjustments were made to ensure a like-for-like comparison of ADHD families with two different control groups. We controlled for carers' ADHD symptoms, their employment and relationship status and siblings' ADHD symptoms. ADHD was associated with a significant deficit in the patient's HRQoL (with a CHU-9D score of around 6 % lower). Children with ADHD also have less sleep and were less happy with their family and their lives overall. No consistent decrement to the HRQoL of the siblings was identified across the models, except that related to their own conduct problems. The siblings do, however, report lower happiness with life overall and with their family, even when controlling for the siblings own ADHD symptoms. We also find evidence of elevated bullying between siblings in families with a child with ADHD. Overall, the current results suggest that the reduction in quality of life caused by ADHD is experienced both by the child with ADHD and their siblings.

Michael Huss,1 Vanja Sikirica,2 Amaia Hervas,3,4 Jeffrey H Newcorn,5 Valerie Harpin,6 Brigitte Robertson71Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; 2Global Health Economics, Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Shire, Wayne, PA, USA; 3Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, University Hospital Mútua de Terressa, Barcelona, Spain; 4Developmental Disorders Unit (UETD), Hospital San Juan de Dios, Barcelona, Spain; 5Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; 6Ryegate Children’s Centre, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; 7Global Clinical Development, Shire, Wayne, PA, USAAbstract: Guanfacine extended release (GXR) and atomoxetine (ATX) are nonstimulant treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). As nonstimulant treatments are often used after stimulants in ADHD, GXR was assessed relative to prior stimulant treatment in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), in which ATX was included as a reference arm, and in the open-label phase of a randomized-withdrawal study (RWS). Participants were 6–17 years old with ADHD Rating Scale version IV (ADHD-RS-IV) scores ≥32 and Clinical Global Impressions – Severity scores ≥4. RCT participants received dose-optimized GXR (1–7 mg/day), ATX (10–100 mg/day), or placebo for 10–13 weeks. RWS participants received dose-optimized GXR (1–7 mg/day) for 13 weeks. Participants’ last stimulant medication prior to enrolment, and reasons for stopping this medication, were collected at baseline. Change from baseline ADHD-RS-IV score and the proportion of responders were assessed by prior stimulant exposure. Of 163 RCT and 296 RWS participants who had previously received stimulant treatment, 142 and 224, respectively, had received methylphenidate (MPH); due to the low number of participants and the heterogeneity o

Jack Parker,1 Gill Wales,2 Nevyne Chalhoub,1 Val Harpin2 1Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; 2Paediatric Neurodisability, Ryegate Children’s Centre, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK Purpose: To systematically identify and review the currently available evidence on the long-term outcomes of recommended attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) interventions following randomized controlled trials with children and young people. Method: A systematic search was conducted to identify trials >1 year in length using the following databases: CINAHL (January 1982– July 2012), MEDLINE (Ovid and Cambridge Scientific Abstracts [CSA]), Psych info, Science Direct (Elsevier), and Cochrane Library. Hand searches of key journals in the subject, book chapters, and conference proceedings were also carried out. Relevant papers were critically appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Eight controlled trials were identified as being relevant, of duration ranging from 1 year to 8 years (at follow up). The total number of participants in the studies was 1,057, of whom 579 (54.7%) were from one cohort and included 26 different outcome measures. Results suggest there is moderate-to-high-level evidence that combined pharmacological and behavioral interventions, and pharmacological interventions alone can be effective in managing the core ADHD symptoms and academic performance at 14 months. However, the effect size may decrease beyond this period. Conclusion: This review has highlighted the paucity and limitations of the evidence investigating the long-term outcomes of recommended interventions for managing ADHD symptoms. There is little evidence to suggest that the effects observed over the relatively short term are maintained throughout longer periods of impairment. Furthermore, much of the existing evidence examining effectiveness be

The predominance of the male ‘Other’ on the pages of contemporary sport and leisure print media has become increasingly ordinary over the last decade or so. Many subjugated ethnic groups have utilised sport and leisure stages to challenge the fallacies of psychological and biological inferiority and other ill-founded vestiges of nineteenth-century bio-racist discourses (Carrington, 2002; Hylton, 2009; Messner, 1993). Evidently, whilst ‘black’ females remain underrepresented in media spaces (Knoppers and Elling, 2004), their male counterparts, particularly those of African-Caribbean heritage, have accessed the realm of the popular en masse (Carrington, 2002). The mere presence of these men no longer seems to threaten the status quo of modern Western social democracies; in fact, images of African-Caribbean males are often held as exemplars of neo-liberalism and its fetish for championing quasi-multiculturalism. Indeed, according to some, media consumers only have to open a magazine (Hylton, 2009), switch on the television (Carrington, 2002) or visit the cinema (Giardina, 2003) to experience “a bit of the Other”. Before one is falsely charmed by some gloriously liberating homily of absolute social improvement, it is important to consider the instrumentalism of these developments more critically. This paper therefore aims to address the implications of racialisation in the context of the sport and leisure media and its role in representing athletic bodies in highly stylised and particularised ways. It will be argued that the racialisation of ethnically differing athletic bodies, through modes of photographic and digital manipulation, delivers messages that disadvantage particular ethnic groups, whilst advantaging others. Throughout, racialisation is conceptualised as a process of “categorisation, a representational process of defining an Other, usually, but not exclusively, somatically” (Miles and Brown, 2003: p. 101). For the purpose of this paper, I employ this concep

The Ibis T5000 is a novel diagnostic platform that couples PCR and mass spectrometry. In this study, we developed an assay that can identify all known pathogenic Vibrio species and field-tested it using natural water samples from both freshwater lakes and the Georgian coastal zone of the Black Sea. Of the 278 total water samples screened, 9 different Vibrio species were detected, 114 (41%) samples were positive for V. cholerae, and 5 (0.8%) samples were positive for the cholera toxin A gene (ctxA). All ctxA-positive samples were from two freshwater lakes, and no ctxA-positive samples from any of the Black Sea sites were detected., The original document contains color images. Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microwbiology, p1996-2001, Mar 2010.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science, 1980., Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science., Bibliography: leaves 46-50., by Raymond Joseph Harpin., M.S.

Polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS, previously known as "TIGER") utilizes PCR with broad-range primers to amplify products from a wide array of organisms within a taxonomic group, followed by analysis of PCR amplicons using mass spectrometry. Computer analysis of precise masses allows for calculations of base compositions for the broad-range PCR products, which can then be compared to a database for identification. PCR/ESI-MS has the benefits of PCR in sensitivity and high-throughput capacity, but also has the distinct advantage of being able to detect and identify organisms with no prior characterization or sequence data. Existing broad range PCR primers, designed with an emphasis on human pathogens, were tested for their ability to amplify DNA of well characterized phytobacterial strains, as well as to populate the existing PCR/ESI-MS bacterial database with base counts. In a blinded panel study, PCR/ESI-MS successfully identified 93% of unknown bacterial DNAs to the genus level and 73% to the species/subspecies level. Additionally, PCR/ESI-MS was capable of detecting and identifying multiple bacteria within the same sample. The sensitivity of PCR/ESI-MS was consistent with other PCR based assays, and the specificity varied depending on the bacterial species. Preliminary tests with real life samples demonstrate a high potential for using PCR/ESI-MS systems for agricultural diagnostic applications., Pub. in Phytopathology, v98 n11, p1156-1164, 2008.

Effective influenza surveillance requires new methods capable of rapid and inexpensive genomic analysis of evolving viral species for pandemic preparedness, to understand the evolution of circulating viral species, and for vaccine strain selection. We have developed one such approach based on previously described broad-range reverse transcription PCR/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RT -PCR/ESI-MS) technology. Methods and Principal Findings: Analysis of base compositions ofRT-PCR amplicons from influenza core gene segments (PB 1, PB2, P A, M, NS, NP) are used to provide sub-species identification and infer influenza virus Hand N subtypes. Using this approach, we detected and correctly identified 92 mammalian and avian influenza isolates, representing 30 different Hand N types, including 29 avian H5Nl isolates.Further, direct analysis of 656 human clinical respiratory specimens collected over a seven-year period (1999-2006) showed correct identification of the viral species andsubtypes (>97% sensitivity and specificity). Base composition derived clusters inferred from this analysis showed 100% concordance to previously established clades. Ongoing surveillance of samples from the recent influenza virus seasons (2005-2006) showedevidence for emergence and establishment of new genotypes of circulating H3N2 strains worldwide. Mixed viral quasispecies were found in approximately 1% of these recentsamples providing a view into viral evolution. Conclusion/Significance: Thus, rapid R T PCR/ESI-MS analysis can be used to simultaneously identify all species of influenza viruses with clade-level resolution, identifY mixed viral populations and monitor global spread and emergence of novel viral genotypes. This high throughput method promises to become an integral component of influenza surveillance., The original document contains color images.

Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to study treatment response to atomoxetine in a large, multicenter study of non-North American patients with ADHD. METHODS: A total of 604 children and adolescents with ADHD were enrolled in a 10-week open-label trial with atomoxetine prior to randomization to a double-blind relapse prevention phase at 33 sites in the United Kingdom, continental Europe, Israel, South Africa, and Australia. All patients had ADHD symptom severity at least 1.5 standard deviations above United States age and gender norms for their diagnostic subtype as measured by the investigator-scored ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD RS). Outcomes were assessed by analysis of change in the ADHD RS; functional and psychosocial outcomes were assessed using the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). RESULTS: At endpoint, ADHD RS total scores decreased by an average of 56.7%, and 69% of patients were rated as having no or minimal symptoms. Significant improvement was observed in psychosocial and functional outcomes. Discontinuations attributed to adverse events were < 4%. CONCLUSION: These open-label data, gathered in an international setting, add to our knowledge of the value of atomoxetine in treating ADHD symptoms, as well as its safety and tolerability.

Significant changes in the world continue to impact education. Today's leaders are expected to transform education and prepare students to meet the global demands of the 21st century. Educators and policy makers have redefined the role of school leaders to be the proponents of change. Bureaucracy and red tape, overwhelming workload, money and mandates, lack of control, and testing and accountability are among the top frustrations of public school administrators (Johnson, 2002). Research suggests that many of today's leaders may not be prepared for these demands and responsibilities. Much of their educational preparation and experiences have prepared them for a management role rather than for a leadership role (Institution for Educational Leadership, 2000). The Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC) was formed in 1994 to develop a framework that includes standards for redefining school leadership. Considerable effort is being made to link the ISLLC Standards to the reform of formal training programs for school administrators throughout the country. Rhode Island is one of the 36 states attempting to align its principal preparation programs with the ISLLC Standards. The study investigated how two Rhode Island Institutions of Higher Education and one approved aspiring principals' program are integrating the ISLLC Standards into their principal preparation programs. Emphasis was placed on how they assess their students' performance on these Standards. Interviews were the primary means for collecting data accompanied by document review and literature review. The outcome of the study will furnish Rhode Island Institutions of Higher Education with recommendations for changes in the design and/or implementation of their principal preparation programs. The results of the study will also serve to raise public awareness about the critical problems facing educational leadership and to determine if Rhode Island's principal preparation programs are integrating the

L'hémicellulose est un complexe de macromolécules étroitement associées à la cellulose contenue dans le matériel végétal. L'hémicellulose est composée entre autre d'un polymère de D-xylose, le xylane. Les xylanases jouent un rôle important dans la décomposition de la litière du sol par les microorganismes. Plusieurs xylanases ont été purifiées à partir de bactéries et champignons. Les actinomycètes sont connus comme étant très actifs dans la décomposition de la biomasse végétale du sol et ils produisent une quantité considérable d'enzymes. Dans notre laboratoire, des souches d'actinomycètes thermophiles ont été isolées et leur pouvoir xylanolytique a été déterminé. La souche Actinomadura sp. FC7 a été choisie pour une étude plus poussée car elle produit plusieurs xylanases qui sont de plus actives à pH 4 et 70°C. La première facette de cette recherche a été de construire une banque de gènes à partir de la souche Actinomadura sp. FC7 dans le vecteur pFD666. Le vecteur pFD666 est un vecteur navette qui permet d'introduire par transformation ce plasmide aussi bien chez Escherichia coli que chez Streptomyces sp. La banque a été introduite dans Escherichia coli·DH5α et E. coli 4924 N/14 (souche contenant une déficience périplasmique) et 6 clones potentiellement positifs ont été isolés. Une caractérisation des clones par cartographie avec des enzymes de restriction et par séquençage partiel a permis de réduire à deux le nombre de clones positifs ayant des inserts différents, soit pJF1 et pJF6. La deuxième facette de ma recherche consistait à séquencer le gène de xylanase du clone pJF6. Ceci est une étape préliminaire à l'étude d'un gène car elle permet de définir sa structure, ses particularités ainsi que les homologies éventuelles avec d'autres gènes. De ce fait, une homologie très forte a été retrouvée avec la xylanase A de Streptomyces lividans.

Le jardin, espace à la fois du dehors et de l’intime, du clos et de l’ouvert, est souvent vu comme le lieu de l’origine, de la possible renaissance en exil, ou comme un impossible refuge. Dans L’Autre qui danse de Suzanne Dracius (1989), Cereus Blooms at Night de Shani Mootoo (1996), Morne Câpresse de Gisèle Pineau (2008), et My Garden (book) de Jamaica Kincaid (1999), mais aussi dans Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle de Simone Schwarz-Bart (1972), Moi, Tituba sorcière… de Maryse Condé (1986) et dans une moindre mesure dans Brown Girl in the Ring de Nalo Hopkinson (1998), il emblématise un enjeu fort de l’écoféminisme, celui de la libération de la femme à travers un espace et un art connectés à la nature. Or, tant dans le jardin que dans la forêt, l’écoféminisme trouve un modèle : la sorcière, maîtresse des savoirs botaniques, protectrice de pratiques et poétiques féminines de la nature. Cet article analyse l’écopoétique diasporique caribéenne et féminine des jardins créoles et des sorcières, et s’interroge sur la définition même du texte littéraire « écoféministe » et son horizon d’attente., An outdoor yet intimate space, enclosed and open at the same time, the garden is generally considered as the original place of life, of a possible rebirth in exile or as a deceptive refuge. In L’Autre qui danse by Suzanne Dracius (1989), Cereus Blooms at Night by Shani Mootoo (1996), Morne Câpresse by Gisèle Pineau (2008) and My Garden (book) by Jamaica Kincaid, as well as in Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle by Simone Schwarz-Bart (1972), Moi, Tituba, sorcière… by Maryse Condé (1986) and, to a lesser extent, in Brown Girl in the Ring by Nalo Hopkinson (1998), it symbolizes a key issue of ecofeminism : women’s liberation through a space and through an art connected with nature. In the garden, as well as in the forest, ecofeminism finds a model : the witch, a master of botanic knowledge, a protector of female practices and poetics of nature. This paper examines diasporic, Caribbean and feminine ecopoetics of the Creole garden, and questions the definition of an « ecofeminist » literary text and its horizon of expectation.

Le jardin, espace à la fois du dehors et de l’intime, du clos et de l’ouvert, est souvent vu comme le lieu de l’origine, de la possible renaissance en exil, ou comme un impossible refuge. Dans L’Autre qui danse de Suzanne Dracius (1989), Cereus Blooms at Night de Shani Mootoo (1996), Morne Câpresse de Gisèle Pineau (2008), et My Garden (book) de Jamaica Kincaid (1999), mais aussi dans Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle de Simone Schwarz-Bart (1972), Moi, Tituba sorcière… de Maryse Condé (1986) et dans une moindre mesure dans Brown Girl in the Ring de Nalo Hopkinson (1998), il emblématise un enjeu fort de l’écoféminisme, celui de la libération de la femme à travers un espace et un art connectés à la nature. Or, tant dans le jardin que dans la forêt, l’écoféminisme trouve un modèle : la sorcière, maîtresse des savoirs botaniques, protectrice de pratiques et poétiques féminines de la nature. Cet article analyse l’écopoétique diasporique caribéenne et féminine des jardins créoles et des sorcières, et s’interroge sur la définition même du texte littéraire « écoféministe » et son horizon d’attente., An outdoor yet intimate space, enclosed and open at the same time, the garden is generally considered as the original place of life, of a possible rebirth in exile or as a deceptive refuge. In L’Autre qui danse by Suzanne Dracius (1989), Cereus Blooms at Night by Shani Mootoo (1996), Morne Câpresse by Gisèle Pineau (2008) and My Garden (book) by Jamaica Kincaid, as well as in Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle by Simone Schwarz-Bart (1972), Moi, Tituba, sorcière… by Maryse Condé (1986) and, to a lesser extent, in Brown Girl in the Ring by Nalo Hopkinson (1998), it symbolizes a key issue of ecofeminism : women’s liberation through a space and through an art connected with nature. In the garden, as well as in the forest, ecofeminism finds a model : the witch, a master of botanic knowledge, a protector of female practices and poetics of nature. This paper examines diasporic, Caribbean and feminine ecopoetics of the Creole garden, and questions the definition of an « ecofeminist » literary text and its horizon of expectation.