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Motor cortex (M1) has been thought to form a continuous somatotopic homunculus extending down the precentral gyrus from foot to face representations1,2, despite evidence for concentric functional zones3 and maps of complex actions4. Here, using precision functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods, we find that the classic homunculus is interrupted by regions with distinct connectivity, structure and function, alternating with effector-specific (foot, hand and mouth) areas. These inter-effector regions exhibit decreased cortical thickness and strong functional connectivity to each other, as well as to the cingulo-opercular network (CON), critical for action5 and physiological control6, arousal7, errors8 and pain9. This interdigitation of action control-linked and motor effector regions was verified in the three largest fMRI datasets. Macaque and pediatric (newborn, infant and child) precision fMRI suggested cross-species homologues and developmental precursors of the inter-effector system. A battery of motor and action fMRI tasks documented concentric effector somatotopies, separated by the CON-linked inter-effector regions. The inter-effectors lacked movement specificity and co-activated during action planning (coordination of hands and feet) and axial body movement (such as of the abdomen or eyebrows). These results, together with previous studies demonstrating stimulation-evoked complex actions4 and connectivity to internal organs10 such as the adrenal medulla, suggest that M1 is punctuated by a system for whole-body action planning, the somato-cognitive action network (SCAN). In M1, two parallel systems intertwine, forming an integrate-isolate pattern: effector-specific regions (foot, hand and mouth) for isolating fine motor control and the SCAN for integrating goals, physiology and body movement.

Practitioners design artifacts of different kinds. Researchers and practitioners both create methods for designing such artifacts. The question arises whether those methods are actually valid and useful. In this conceptual paper, we argue that there is a need for “method corroboration”-the deliberate and reflected use and possible validation of a design method. We present a literature review of method corroboration in the IS and more specifically in the DSR literature. The findings are summarized as a conceptual model outlining eight strategies of method use, which are then condensed into a 2-by-2 framework of method corroboration. The results of this paper present insight into the current state of method corroboration in the DSR field and provide guidance for working with design methods in research and practice., Methodologie en Organisatie van Design

The theoretical understanding of design knowledge is a crucial concern for research in the design discipline. This article extends the rich existing research on design knowledge by providing a unifying model of design knowledge. The insights are derived from a rigorous review of existing literature. The resulting model presents an original framework of design knowledge that can help practitioners, scholars, and educators from the design discipline to better understand the characteristics of design knowledge and the possibilities for transferring it., Design Aesthetics, Human-Centered Design, Methodology and Organisation of Design

ObjectivesFew surveys have focused on physician moral distress, burnout, and professional fulfilment. We assessed physician wellness and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCross-sectional survey using four validated instruments.SettingSixty-two sites in Canada and the United States.SubjectsAttending physicians (adult, pediatric; intensivist, nonintensivist) who worked in North American ICUs.InterventionNone.Measurements and main resultsWe analysed 431 questionnaires (43.3% response rate) from 25 states and eight provinces. Respondents were predominantly male (229 [55.6%]) and in practice for 11.8 ± 9.8 years. Compared with prepandemic, respondents reported significant intrapandemic increases in days worked/mo, ICU bed occupancy, and self-reported moral distress (240 [56.9%]) and burnout (259 [63.8%]). Of the 10 top-ranked items that incited moral distress, most pertained to regulatory/organizational ( n = 6) or local/institutional ( n = 2) issues or both ( n = 2). Average moral distress (95.6 ± 66.9), professional fulfilment (6.5 ± 2.1), and burnout scores (3.6 ± 2.0) were moderate with 227 physicians (54.6%) meeting burnout criteria. A significant dose-response existed between COVID-19 patient volume and moral distress scores. Physicians who worked more days/mo and more scheduled in-house nightshifts, especially combined with more unscheduled in-house nightshifts, experienced significantly more moral distress. One in five physicians used at least one maladaptive coping strategy. We identified four coping profiles (active/social, avoidant, mixed/ambivalent, infrequent) that were associated with significant differences across all wellness measures.ConclusionsDespite moderate intrapandemic moral distress and burnout, physicians experienced moderate professional fulfilment. However, one in five physicians used at least one maladaptive coping strategy. We highlight potentially modifiable factors at individual, institutional, and regulatory levels to enhance physi

The theoretical understanding of design knowledge is a crucial concern for research in the design discipline. This article extends the rich existing research on design knowledge by providing a unifying model of design knowledge. The insights are derived from a rigorous review of existing literature. The resulting model presents an original framework of design knowledge that can help practitioners, scholars, and educators from the design discipline to better understand the characteristics of design knowledge and the possibilities for transferring it., Design Aesthetics, Human-Centered Design, Methodologie en Organisatie van Design

This study aims to learn the meanings for teachers of the Nursing course in Catalonia about the use of medicinal plants as complementary therapy in health care. This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research, conducted through semi-structured interviews, with four professors of the Nursing course at a Spanish University located in the region of Catalonia, in May 2016. For the interpretation of the content analysis proposed by Bardin was used. In the content analysis, two themes emerged: Knowledge and use of complementary therapies and Family culture influencing the use of medicinal plants. In the first category, it was emphasized that, in addition to knowing, teachers also used plants frequently. In the second, it is emphasized how the family influence was present and was important to perpetuate the knowledge and forms of use during the generations. The popularization of complementary therapies became evident and, therefore, the articulation of the practice by health professionals is essential, since the training process, especially in nursing, considering the comprehensive care offered to the user.

Previous studies have investigated differences in the volumes of subcortical structures (e.g., caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus) between individuals with and without Tourette syndrome (TS), as well as the relationships between these volumes and tic symptom severity. These volumes may also predict clinical outcome in Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD), but that hypothesis has never been tested. This study aimed to examine whether the volumes of subcortical structures measured shortly after tic onset can predict tic symptom severity at one-year post-tic onset, when TS can first be diagnosed. We obtained T1-weighted structural MRI scans from 41 children with PTD (25 with prospective motion correction (vNavs)) whose tics had begun less than 9 months (mean 4.04 months) prior to the first study visit (baseline). We re-examined them at the 12-month anniversary of their first tic (follow-up), assessing tic severity using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. We quantified the volumes of subcortical structures using volBrain software. Baseline hippocampal volume was correlated with tic severity at the 12-month follow-up, with a larger hippocampus at baseline predicting worse tic severity at follow-up. The volumes of other subcortical structures did not significantly predict tic severity at follow-up. Hippocampal volume may be an important marker in predicting prognosis in Provisional Tic Disorder.

Previous studies have investigated differences in the volumes of subcortical structures (e.g., caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus) between individuals with and without Tourette syndrome (TS), as well as the relationships between these volumes and tic symptom severity. These volumes may also predict clinical outcome in Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD), but that hypothesis has never been tested. This study aimed to examine whether the volumes of subcortical structures measured shortly after tic onset can predict tic symptom severity at one-year post-tic onset, when TS can first be diagnosed. We obtained T1-weighted structural MRI scans from 41 children with PTD (25 with prospective motion correction (vNavs)) whose tics had begun less than 9 months (mean 4.04 months) prior to the first study visit (baseline). We re-examined them at the 12-month anniversary of their first tic (follow-up), assessing tic severity using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. We quantified the volumes of subcortical structures using volBrain software. Baseline hippocampal volume was correlated with tic severity at the 12-month follow-up, with a larger hippocampus at baseline predicting worse tic severity at follow-up. The volumes of other subcortical structures did not significantly predict tic severity at follow-up. Hippocampal volume may be an important marker in predicting prognosis in Provisional Tic Disorder.

Background Odontoid fractures in geriatric patients represent an entity of increasing incidence with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The optimal diagnostic and therapeutic management is being controversially discussed in the literature. Methods In a consensus process and based on the current literature, the members of the working groups Osteoporotic Fractures and Upper Cervical Spine of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (DGOU) defined recommendations for the diagnostics and treatment of odontoid fractures in geriatric patients. Results For the diagnosis of odontoid fractures in symptomatic patients, computed tomography represents the gold standard, along with conventional radiographs. Magnetic resonance and dynamic imaging can be used as ancillary imaging modalities. With regard to fracture classification, the systems described by Anderson/D'Alonzo and by Eysel/Roosen have proved to be of value. A treatment algorithm was developed based on these classifications. Anderson/D'Alonzo type 1, type 3, and non-displaced type 2 fractures usually can be treated non-operatively. However, a close clinical and radiological follow-up is essential. In Anderson/D'Alonzo type 2 fractures, operative treatment is associated with better fracture healing. Displaced type 2 and type 3 fractures should be stabilized operatively. Type 2 fractures with suitable fracture patterns (Eysel/Roosen 2A/B) can be stabilized anteriorly. Posterior C I/II-stabilization procedures are well established and suitable for all fracture patterns.

The term “creative space” describes a relatively recent phenomenon of innovative workplace design. Such creative workspaces are becoming popular in industry and academia. However, the impact of specific spatial design decisions on creativity and innovation is not yet fully understood. This paper provides an overview of state-of-the-art research on creative work and learning environments. We conducted a systematic literature search within the Scopus database and identified a total of 73 relevant sources discussing creative spaces within academic, practice, and other innovation environments. Among the included sources are 51 academic publications and 22 sources from company research and illustrative coffee-table books. We analyzed the sources using three lenses of interest: (1) the types of theoretical and practical contributions that are provided, (2) the spatial characteristics that are suggested to be beneficial for creativity and innovation, and (3) the discussed potential of new technologies for designing or researching creative spaces. The results provide in-depth insight into the current state of research on the topic of creative spaces. Practitioners, educators, and researchers can use the presented overview to investigate the possible impact of creative workspace design and identify research gaps that can be filled by conducting further research in the field., Design Aesthetics, Methodology and Organisation of Design

Previous studies have investigated differences in the volumes of subcortical structures (e.g., caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus) between individuals with and without Tourette syndrome (TS), as well as the relationships between these volumes and tic symptom severity. These volumes may also predict clinical outcome in Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD), but that hypothesis has never been tested. This study aimed to examine whether the volumes of subcortical structures measured shortly after tic onset can predict tic symptom severity at one-year post-tic onset, when TS can first be diagnosed. We obtained T1-weighted structural MRI scans from 41 children with PTD (25 with prospective motion correction (vNavs)) whose tics had begun less than 9 months (mean 4.04 months) prior to the first study visit (baseline). We re-examined them at the 12-month anniversary of their first tic (follow-up), assessing tic severity using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. We quantified the volumes of subcortical structures using volBrain software. Baseline hippocampal volume was correlated with tic severity at the 12-month follow-up, with a larger hippocampus at baseline predicting worse tic severity at follow-up. The volumes of other subcortical structures did not significantly predict tic severity at follow-up. Hippocampal volume may be an important marker in predicting prognosis in Provisional Tic Disorder.

Sketching and prototyping are parts of a 'reflective conversation with materials of a design situation' (Schön, 1992). To support this conversation, we developed a reflective tool -the Reflection Canvas- that facilitates reflection activities through sketching and prototyping on the one hand and verbalisation on the other. We introduced the reflective tool to design students. Based on observation and answers from a questionnaire data reveal that guided reflection structured the process in a helpful way. It also turned out students had difficulties to switch from visualisation to verbalisation., Methodologie en Organisatie van Design, Design Aesthetics

Workshops are often used in the information systems (IS) and design fields to evaluate artifacts or to co-create business innovations. However, the evaluation of workshops is often conducted in a rather unsystematic and heterogenous way. This paper introduces a set of guidelines for designing or evaluating artifacts through workshops. These guidelines include five evaluation principles and a framework that outlines appropriate evaluation methods for different research goals. The relevant constructs and principles were identified based on related literature. The derived evaluation matrix was then revised based on ratings of five experts who independently assigned appropriate research methods for different evaluation foci. The framework's applicability was evaluated by comparing it with ten papers from the IS and design fields. The proposed guidelines can support researchers with conducting workshop evaluations in a comparable and replicable way, which will help to improve research rigor in the future., Design Aesthetics, Methodologie en Organisatie van Design

The design of the workspace can be an indicator for an organization's innovation culture. This paper introduces a canvas-based collaboration tool that facilitates both, team-based analysis of existing workspaces regarding the expressed culture, and co-creating spatial design ideas with the goal to instigate a cultural change. This two-way approach is also reflected in the canvas design. We describe the development process of the canvas and its evaluation through a workshop. As a result, the contribution of this paper is twofold: (1) It informs practitioners about the relevance of spatial workspace design for cultural change, and (2) it provides insights on an atypical canvas design., Design Aesthetics, Methodologie en Organisatie van Design

This paper compares two pioneering design educational approaches: the historic Bauhaus school founded in 1919 in Germany, and contemporary design thinking education, based on the example of the HPI School of Design Thinking. We compare both approaches according to six emerging categories: (1) curriculum, (2) multi-disciplinarity, (3) mind-set and culture, (4) study environment, (5) conditions for innovation, and (6) socio-economic context. We outline differences and similarities and discuss the possible impact for future design education., Design Aesthetics, Methodologie en Organisatie van Design

This paper reports an embedded single case study from a globally operating manufacturer for digital healthcare products. Based on nine semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and a diary study among employees, we were able to gain insights on the daily business routines and interactions of the design team, the UX research team, and the product management department. The results revealed several unexpected insights that indicate a practical mismatch between user-centred design processes learned from the textbook and design practice in the healthcare sector that warrant further research., Methodologie en Organisatie van Design, Design Aesthetics

Background Odontoid fractures in geriatric patients represent an entity of increasing incidence with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The optimal diagnostic and therapeutic management is being controversially discussed in the literature. Methods In a consensus process and based on the current literature, the members of the working groups Osteoporotic Fractures and Upper Cervical Spine of the German Society for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (DGOU) defined recommendations for the diagnostics and treatment of odontoid fractures in geriatric patients. Results For the diagnosis of odontoid fractures in symptomatic patients, computed tomography represents the gold standard, along with conventional radiographs. Magnetic resonance and dynamic imaging can be used as ancillary imaging modalities. With regard to fracture classification, the systems described by Anderson/D'Alonzo and by Eysel/Roosen have proved to be of value. A treatment algorithm was developed based on these classifications. Anderson/D'Alonzo type 1, type 3, and non-displaced type 2 fractures usually can be treated non-operatively. However, a close clinical and radiological follow-up is essential. In Anderson/D'Alonzo type 2 fractures, operative treatment is associated with better fracture healing. Displaced type 2 and type 3 fractures should be stabilized operatively. Type 2 fractures with suitable fracture patterns (Eysel/Roosen 2A/B) can be stabilized anteriorly. Posterior C I/II-stabilization procedures are well established and suitable for all fracture patterns.

The term “creative space” describes a relatively recent phenomenon of innovative workplace design. Such creative workspaces are becoming popular in industry and academia. However, the impact of specific spatial design decisions on creativity and innovation is not yet fully understood. This paper provides an overview of state-of-the-art research on creative work and learning environments. We conducted a systematic literature search within the Scopus database and identified a total of 73 relevant sources discussing creative spaces within academic, practice, and other innovation environments. Among the included sources are 51 academic publications and 22 sources from company research and illustrative coffee-table books. We analyzed the sources using three lenses of interest: (1) the types of theoretical and practical contributions that are provided, (2) the spatial characteristics that are suggested to be beneficial for creativity and innovation, and (3) the discussed potential of new technologies for designing or researching creative spaces. The results provide in-depth insight into the current state of research on the topic of creative spaces. Practitioners, educators, and researchers can use the presented overview to investigate the possible impact of creative workspace design and identify research gaps that can be filled by conducting further research in the field., Design Aesthetics, Methodologie en Organisatie van Design

Creative workspaces are becoming popular in many organizations. They are believed to support innovation efforts and creativity among employees. This paper presents spatial evidences of creative work environments from real-life organizations, based on an exploratory multi-case study in 18 institutions. The found workspaces were mapped and categorized according to the qualities they might provide for affecting creativity. The resulting inventory of creative spaces contributes to the emerging interest on creative workspace design by presenting inspiring best-practice examples. The shown examples provide the readers with a better understanding how a creative space could be designed in order to provide an environment for an innovative organisation. Related literature was added to explain the possible impact of specific spatial configurations., Design Aesthetics, Methodology and Organisation of Design

This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art research about creative work and learning environments. We conducted a systematic literature search within the Scopus database and identified a total of 70 relevant sources discussing creative spaces within academic, practice, or other innovation environments. Among the included sources are 48 academic publications and 22 sources from company research and illustrative coffee-table books that are discussed separately. We analyse the academic sources regarding their theoretical contribution, as well as regarding their scope. Finally, the included sources are categorized according to three areas of interest: (1) the addressed space types for different creative activities, (2) abstracted requirements for creative spaces, and (3) concrete characteristics and configurations of a creative space. The results provide an in-depth insight into the current state of research on the topic of creative spaces. Practitioners, educators, and researchers can use the presented overview to investigate the possible impact of creative workspace design and to identify research gaps for conducting further research in the field., Design Aesthetics, Methodology and Organisation of Design

Creative workspaces are becoming popular in many organizations. They are believed to support innovation efforts and creativity among employees. This paper presents spatial evidences of creative work environments from real-life organizations, based on an exploratory multi-case study in 18 institutions. The found workspaces were mapped and categorized according to the qualities they might provide for affecting creativity. The resulting inventory of creative spaces contributes to the emerging interest on creative workspace design by presenting inspiring best-practice examples. The shown examples provide the readers with a better understanding how a creative space could be designed in order to provide an environment for an innovative organisation. Related literature was added to explain the possible impact of specific spatial configurations., Design Aesthetics, Methodologie en Organisatie van Design

This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art research about creative work and learning environments. We conducted a systematic literature search within the Scopus database and identified a total of 70 relevant sources discussing creative spaces within academic, practice, or other innovation environments. Among the included sources are 48 academic publications and 22 sources from company research and illustrative coffee-table books that are discussed separately. We analyse the academic sources regarding their theoretical contribution, as well as regarding their scope. Finally, the included sources are categorized according to three areas of interest: (1) the addressed space types for different creative activities, (2) abstracted requirements for creative spaces, and (3) concrete characteristics and configurations of a creative space. The results provide an in-depth insight into the current state of research on the topic of creative spaces. Practitioners, educators, and researchers can use the presented overview to investigate the possible impact of creative workspace design and to identify research gaps for conducting further research in the field., Design Aesthetics, Methodologie en Organisatie van Design

The effect of ambiguous and non-salient information on the managerial interpretive process is rarely investigated, although this information is considered to be the basis for strategic decision-making and requires a different process due to its ill-defined nature. This paper explores the process that outperforming managers used to detect and interpret weak signals. Interviews with 13 top-managers were analyzed using a grounded theory approach to allow the process to emerge. The findings confirmed earlier conclusions on perceptual filters that reduce the number and type of signals assessed. Contrary to earlier findings, the process was significantly altered to compensate for this loss in two ways. First, managers deliberately postponed their assessment of a weak signal by discussing it with people with distinct and second, some managers deliberately searched for signals that were unfamiliar and not fitting their mental model. The sample consisted of outperforming top managers, which raised questions about the generalizability of the findings in specific directions: are the alterations in the weak signal process exemplary for outperformers only, and how does its success compare to formal foresight methods. Finally, the findings have managerial relevance since they indicate how to detect and bring weak signals into the company before impact., Accepted author manuscript, OLD Design Theory and Methodology, Economics of Technology and Innovation, Methodologie en Organisatie van Design

Objective: Understand the meanings people attribute to the use of plants in self-care practices during situations of ailment. Method: Qualitative, exploratory-descriptive research with ethnographic orientation, based on health anthropology with informants selected from a relations network. The sampling was done by semi-structured interviews and participant observations, from April 2015 to February 2017. Results: Seventeen informants participated. The thematic axis emerged in the content analysis: meanings attributed by the informants to the use of medicinal plants. Feelings of love and happiness were unveiled, meanings of helping others, cure practices, family care through plants, comfort, the sense of welfare, among others. Conclusion: The importance of the nursing professional in establishing a therapeutic alliance with the subjects and social groups, aiming at the promotion of health and care completeness.

This article presents a longitudinal case study of the development process of an idea lab—from initial planning to final implementation and usage. The research approach comprised various methods, including a user study with cultural probes and a visual canvas, a focus group co-creation workshop, and a follow-up evaluation, two years after the space’s implementation. We identified 15 relevant themes and 39 spatial characteristics that constitute the individual users’ preferences, as well as several insights from a corporate point of view. Our gained insights on the role of the physical workspace extend the current research on idea labs. Furthermore, our findings corroborate the suggestions from related literature in terms of an idea lab’s capability to facilitate external input, experimentation, and employees’ autonomy. The presented co-creation approach and the developed spatial recommendations can be adapted for other contexts and act as guidelines for others who want to develop creative spaces., OLD Design Theory and Methodology, Design Aesthetics

This article presents a typology of creative spaces that is relevant to facilitating creative working and learning processes for designers. Drawing on qualitative user research with cultural probes in a design thinking institution, this typology identifies five different types of creative spaces along with five related spatial qualities. The paper suggests characteristics and criteria for each type and quality and summarizes the results in a framework. A second study in a practitioner's context validated these findings. The work presented in this article contributes to a better understanding of the impact of the built environment for creative design in education and practice and might inspire designers and educators to improve the design of their work environments., Accepted author manuscript, OLD Design Theory and Methodology, Design Aesthetics

Objective: The research aimed to identify the feelings experienced by nurses working at the Family Health Strategies after receiving reiki application. Methods: This is an exploratory qualitative study. The subjects were eight nurses working at the Family Health Strategy in northern Rio Grande do Sul, submitted to three sessions of reiki and thereafter interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire containing open and closed questions. The study was conducted between the months of August and November 2013. The analysis considered the proposal of Bardin. Results: It was found that reiki improves the quality of life of these professionals by balancing physical, mental, emotional and spiritual states. Conclusion: It reflects the importance of the nursing professional to have this tool to care for the service user, acting in an integrative manner., Objetivo: A pesquisa objetivou conhecer os sentimentos vivenciados por enfermeiras que atuam junto a Estratégias de Saúde da Família após receberem aplicação de reiki. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo exploratório. Os sujeitos investigados foram oito enfermeiras atuantes em Estratégias de Saúde da Família do norte do Rio Grande do Sul, submetidas a três sessões de reiki e posteriormente entrevistadas utilizando-se a técnica da entrevista semi-estruturada contendo questões abertas e fechadas. O estudo foi realizado entre os meses de agosto a novembro de 2013. A análise dos resultados considerou a proposta de Bardin. Resultados: Constatou-se que o reiki melhora da qualidade de vida destes profissionais, equilibrando o físico, o mental, o emocional e o espiritual. Conclusão: Reflete a importância do profissional enfermeiro, dispor desta ferramenta de cuidado para tratar o usuário do serviço, atuando de forma integral., Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los sentimientos experimentados por las enfermeras que trabajan en las Estrategias de Salud de la familia después de recibir aplicación de reiki. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo exploratorio. Los sujetos del estudio fueron ocho enfermeras que trabajan en estrategias de salud del norte de Rio Grande do Sul, se someten a aplicación de tres sesiones de reiki y posteriormente son entrevistadas utilizando la técnica de entrevistas semiestructuradas con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. El estudio se realizó entre los meses de agosto a noviembre de 2013. El análisis consideró la propuesta de Bardin. Resultados: Se encontró que el reiki mejora la calidad de vida de estos profesionales, equilibrando el bienestar físico, mental, emocional y espiritual. Conclusión: Se refleja la importancia que la enfermera professional tenga esta herramienta de cuidado para tratar con el usuario del servicio, actuando en su totalidad.

This article presents a longitudinal case study of the development process of an idea lab—from initial planning to final implementation and usage. The research approach comprised various methods, including a user study with cultural probes and a visual canvas, a focus group co-creation workshop, and a follow-up evaluation, two years after the space’s implementation. We identified 15 relevant themes and 39 spatial characteristics that constitute the individual users’ preferences, as well as several insights from a corporate point of view. Our gained insights on the role of the physical workspace extend the current research on idea labs. Furthermore, our findings corroborate the suggestions from related literature in terms of an idea lab’s capability to facilitate external input, experimentation, and employees’ autonomy. The presented co-creation approach and the developed spatial recommendations can be adapted for other contexts and act as guidelines for others who want to develop creative spaces., OLD Design Theory and Methodology, Design Aesthetics

This article presents a typology of creative spaces that is relevant to facilitating creative working and learning processes for designers. Drawing on qualitative user research with cultural probes in a design thinking institution, this typology identifies five different types of creative spaces along with five related spatial qualities. The paper suggests characteristics and criteria for each type and quality and summarizes the results in a framework. A second study in a practitioner's context validated these findings. The work presented in this article contributes to a better understanding of the impact of the built environment for creative design in education and practice and might inspire designers and educators to improve the design of their work environments., Accepted author manuscript, OLD Design Theory and Methodology, Design Aesthetics

Nursing,Nursing (Miscellaneous)

Objective: To identify the knowledge of nursing students on the use of medicinal plants as a complementary therapy to health care. Methods: Qualitative research conducted through semi structured interviews with eight nursing students from a Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul in October 2012. In thematic content analysis, three categories emerged: "I learned from my family", "I acknowledge the importance of medicinal plants" and "I use plants at home, but do not recommend its use in the practical field". Results: The knowledge of students regarding the use of medicinal plants is of popular source. Insecurity has been observed amongst undergraduates as to their agency as future professionals orienting in the guidelines regarding the use of medicinal plants, pointing to the need of advances in the nursing education. Conclusion: Highlights the need to review the nursing syllabuses in order to contemplate the subject, as a mean of promoting health and comprehensive care.

Das emotionale Nutzererlebnis von Produkten erlaubt, diese in leistungskonformen Märkten zu differenzieren. Vor allem Ingenieure bedürfen hierfür einfacher und verständlicher Unterstützungen, da Grundlagen zu Nutzererlebnis, vor allem Psychologie, meist fehlen. Diese Dissertation bietet ein am Entwickler zentriertes Forschungsvorgehen, adaptiert von der nutzerzentrierten Gestaltung. Es hilft Forschern, einfach verständliche, effiziente und motivierende Unterstützung für Entwickler zu gestalten, um Nutzererlebnisse zu ermöglichen. Als Anwendung bietet die Arbeit fünf entsprechende Hilfsmittel, die in Fallstudien ihre Wirkung erzielten., The emotional user experience of products allows for differing them in markets with equal performances. Therefore, particularly engineers need an easy and understandable support, since they mostly lack basics on user experience and psychology. This dissertation offers a developer-oriented research approach, adapted from user-centered design. It helps researchers to design support for developers designing experiences which is easy to understand, efficient and motivating. As an application, this work provides five tools according to the approach and shows their impact in use cases.

In a consensus process during four sessions in 2016, the working group lower cervical spine of the German Society for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery (DGOU), formulated Therapeutic Recommendations for the Lower Cervical Spine, taking into consideration the current literature. Therapeutic goals are a permanently stable, painless cervical spine and the protection against secondary neurologic damage while retaining the greatest possible amount of motion and spinal profile. Due to its ease of use and its proven good reliability, the AOSpine classification for subaxial cervical injuries should be used. The Canadian C-Spine Rule is recommended as a clinical decision rule whether to perform imaging or not. If a structural or unstable injury is suspected by patient history or clinical findings, a spiral CT scan of the cervical spine is the favoured diagnosticmodality. Conventional X-ray is reserved for patients in whom there is no dangerous mechanism of injury. MR imaging is recommended in case of unexplained neurologic deficit, prior to closed reduction and open posterior surgery and to exclude disco-ligamentous injuries. Urgency of MR imaging depends on the specific findings. CT angiography is recommended in higher-grade facet joint injuries or in the presence of vertebra-basilar symptoms. Flexion-extension imaging is recommended only as a physician-guided dynamic fluoroscopy, when an unstable lesion is still suspected. The therapeutic strategy is mainly dependent on morphologic criteria, which are described using the AOSpine classification. A0-injuries are treated conservatively. A1- and A2-injuries are treated conservatively in the majority of cases, and in single cases a gross kyphotic deformity might indicate surgical stabilisation. A3-injuries do indicate a surgical therapy in the majority of cases, but certain cases might be treated conservatively. A4-fractures as well as B- and C-type injuries are to be treated surgically. Most injuries can be treated by anterior pla

Building on the assumption that the physical environment can have an influence on the creativity of designers and design students in particular, the aim of this paper is to provide theoretical propositions and evidences for this relationship. We develop various propositions about the influence of physical environments on creativity, based on eight expert interviews and supported by literature. A particular focus was given to the environments of design educational institutions. We present a summary of the main insights and visualize the developed propositions as a causal graph addressing how space influences creativity. These propositions can be regarded as a first step towards a theory of creativity-supporting learning environments and they can serve as a reference when designing or adjusting creative learning spaces., OLD Design Theory and Methodology, OLD Management and Organisation, Design Aesthetics

This study deals with the role of mental models in the coordination of team activities during design problem-solving. The work centers on the sharedness of mental models in a design team setting, mainly on the interaction between an architect and two clients. A major goal is to gain insight into how modifications in mental models affect coordination, and how sharedness develops through the process. Our focus is to explore, through a case study, the individual contributions of the architect and the clients to coordination of the work process, and how sharedness of the development of the team mental model evolves in the early stage of concept generation. Our claim is that work teams develop a certain degree of sharedness of the mental models of individual team members during information exchange. This team mental model can be insufficient or even wrong, but as long as the team members feel agreement in the team, they coordinate their work on that basis. Thus, sharedness of mental models is believed to be a powerful team asset, especially when it is reached in the earlier phases of the design process. Our findings suggest that in order to attain sharedness among design team members, design activities related to the task mental model should be encouraged, specifically the generation of new ideas and the analysis of solutions. Implications for practice and education are suggested, OLD Design Theory and Methodology

Objetivo: conhecer os significados produzidos por escolares a partir de diálogos sobre cuidado à saúde e ambiente. Metodologia: estudo de abordagem qualitativa com 65 educandos de duas escolas do município de Pelotas/RS/Brasil. Os dados foram coletados de setembro/2011 a agosto/2012, ao final de 18 oficinas, por meio de redações producidas pelos escolares e grupo focal. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: observou-se que o processo de participação nas oficinas despertou uma vinculação estreita entre cuidado em saúde englobando a relação humana com o ambiente. A dinâmica oportunizou observar a motivação para adoção de atitudes conscientes, coletivas, éticas, cidadãs, de ressignificação dos valores e simbologias, incluindo nestas as plantas medicinais. Conclusões: os temas saúde e ambiente podem ser otimizados e vividos de forma prazerosa quando trabalhados de maneira interligada com a cultura dos indivíduos., Objetivo: discutir los significados producidos por escolares a partir de diálogos de cuidados de salud y el medio ambiente. Metodología: estudio cualitativo con 65 alumnos de escuelas del municipio de Pelotas/RS/Brazil. La recogida de datos se llevó a efecto de septiembre/2011 a agosto/2012. El material analizado es resultado de 18 talleres de grupos focales. Resultados: se observó que el proceso de participación en los talleres provocó un estrecho enlace entre la atención de la salud que abarca la relación humana con el medio ambiente. La dinámica proporcionó la motivación para la adopción de actitudes conscientes, colectivas, éticas, ciudadanas, de resignificación de los valores y simbología, incluidos en estas plantas medicinales. Conclusión: la salud y el medio ambiente pueden ser optimizados y vividos de forma agradable cuando son convenientemente trabajados de manera relacional con la cultura de los individuos., Objective: know the meanings produced by students from dialogues of health care and the environment. Methodology: a qualitative study with 65 students of two schools of the Pelotas /RS /Brazil. The data were collected from September to August/2011/2012. The material analyzed in this paper was produced at the end of 18 workshops from essays and speeches written by focus groups. Results: it was observed that the process of participation at the workshops created a close liaison between health care encompassing the human relationship with the environment. The dynamic provided the motivation for adopting collective conscious, ethical attitudes, gesture of citizenship and ressignification of the values and symbology, including in these medicinal plants. Conclusion: the health and environmental issues can be optimized and experienced in an enjoyable way when worked interconnected with the individual’s culture.

Background Over the past decades a considerable number of studies have been done on the golden ratio and the relation between their aesthetics and design. These studies, after analyzing design icons with the golden ratio, seem to prove that the golden ratio is an important principle for good design. However, these studies mainly focused on western products that were used in western countries. And thus, the majority of the products were designed by western designers and analyzed by western scholars. These factors raised a doubt whether the golden ratio is also the most aesthetically pleasing proportion in other countries, for example in Asia. Proportions are determined by mathematical logic; however preference and aesthetic judgment are aroused from individual's experience and environmental context. Questioning whether the golden ratio is the most commonly preferred proportion across cultures led to an empirical study to examine the differences between Western and Asian preferences on the golden ratio. Specifically, this study is focused on Koreans' preference and their traditional products. Methods First, the preference experiment on proportion was conducted in South Korea with 277 subjects. Second, this study continued to analyze the proportion of over 100 Korean traditional objects that exemplify the research results. Results The experimental data clearly reveals that Korean subjects have a significant preference for the root ratio (1:1.414). This result obviously contradicts previous studies conducted in western countries that showed a strong preference for the golden ratio, and their good design objects are also characterized by the golden ratio (1:1.618). This study continues to verify that Koreans' favorite ratio could be found in Korean traditional design objects reflecting their preference. Korean traditional design objects show a clearly shorter ratio (1:1, 1:1.333) than the golden ratio (1:1.618). Conclusions It is concluded that the golden ratio is not, OLD Design Theory and Methodology

Objective: Recognizing the explanatory models of the professional sector in relation to medicinal plants. Method: The study was conducted with nine professionals between May and July 2011 in the rural area of Pelotas/RS, with self-application of semi-structured questionnaires, participant observation and focus group. All ethical guidelines for research involving human beings were respected and each professional has been identified by the name of a medicinal plant. Results: According to the thematic analysis of data, health professionals use medicinal plants for care of their health and are able to mention the use of plant resources in the context of primary health care in times of self-care and palliative care. Aside from these moments, they encourage the exclusive use of allopathic resources. Conclusion: The strength of the professional sector with regard to medicinal plants may reflect the biomedical training, consisting of a critical node of semantic networks.

Objetivo: investigar o conhecimento de discentes de enfermagem sobre o uso de plantas medicinais como terapia complementar no cuidado à saúde. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com oito acadêmicos de enfermagem de uma Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul em outubro de 2012. Na análise de conteúdo, emergiram três temas: “aprendi em família”; “conheço a utilização das plantas” e “uso as plantas em casa, mas não estímulo em campo prático”. Resultados: O conhecimento dos discentes referente ao uso de plantas medicinais é de origem popular. Observou-se a insegurança que os graduandos possuem frente à atuação como futuros profissionais nas orientações referentes ao uso das plantas medicinais, apontando a necessidade de avançar no ensino de enfermagem. Conclusão: Destaca-se a necessidade de revisão nos currículos para que deem suporte sobre o tema, com vistas à promoção da saúde e a integralidade do cuidado.

In a consensus process during four sessions in 2016, the working group lower cervical spine of the German Society for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery (DGOU), formulated Therapeutic Recommendations for the Lower Cervical Spine, taking into consideration the current literature. Therapeutic goals are a permanently stable, painless cervical spine and the protection against secondary neurologic damage while retaining the greatest possible amount of motion and spinal profile. Due to its ease of use and its proven good reliability, the AOSpine classification for subaxial cervical injuries should be used. The Canadian C-Spine Rule is recommended as a clinical decision rule whether to perform imaging or not. If a structural or unstable injury is suspected by patient history or clinical findings, a spiral CT scan of the cervical spine is the favoured diagnosticmodality. Conventional X-ray is reserved for patients in whom there is no dangerous mechanism of injury. MR imaging is recommended in case of unexplained neurologic deficit, prior to closed reduction and open posterior surgery and to exclude disco-ligamentous injuries. Urgency of MR imaging depends on the specific findings. CT angiography is recommended in higher-grade facet joint injuries or in the presence of vertebra-basilar symptoms. Flexion-extension imaging is recommended only as a physician-guided dynamic fluoroscopy, when an unstable lesion is still suspected. The therapeutic strategy is mainly dependent on morphologic criteria, which are described using the AOSpine classification. A0-injuries are treated conservatively. A1- and A2-injuries are treated conservatively in the majority of cases, and in single cases a gross kyphotic deformity might indicate surgical stabilisation. A3-injuries do indicate a surgical therapy in the majority of cases, but certain cases might be treated conservatively. A4-fractures as well as B- and C-type injuries are to be treated surgically. Most injuries can be treated by anterior pla

Objetivo: conhecer os significados produzidos por escolares a partir de diálogos sobre cuidado à saúde e ambiente. Metodologia: estudo de abordagem qualitativa com 65 educandos de duas escolas do município de Pelotas/RS/Brasil. Os dados foram coletados de setembro/2011 a agosto/2012, ao final de 18 oficinas, por meio de redações producidas pelos escolares e grupo focal. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: observou-se que o processo de participação nas oficinas despertou uma vinculação estreita entre cuidado em saúde englobando a relação humana com o ambiente. A dinâmica oportunizou observar a motivação para adoção de atitudes conscientes, coletivas, éticas, cidadãs, de ressignificação dos valores e simbologias, incluindo nestas as plantas medicinais. Conclusões: os temas saúde e ambiente podem ser otimizados e vividos de forma prazerosa quando trabalhados de maneira interligada com a cultura dos indivíduos., Objetivo: discutir los significados producidos por escolares a partir de diálogos de cuidados de salud y el medio ambiente. Metodología: estudio cualitativo con 65 alumnos de escuelas del municipio de Pelotas/RS/Brazil. La recogida de datos se llevó a efecto de septiembre/2011 a agosto/2012. El material analizado es resultado de 18 talleres de grupos focales. Resultados: se observó que el proceso de participación en los talleres provocó un estrecho enlace entre la atención de la salud que abarca la relación humana con el medio ambiente. La dinámica proporcionó la motivación para la adopción de actitudes conscientes, colectivas, éticas, ciudadanas, de resignificación de los valores y simbología, incluidos en estas plantas medicinales. Conclusión: la salud y el medio ambiente pueden ser optimizados y vividos de forma agradable cuando son convenientemente trabajados de manera relacional con la cultura de los individuos., Objective: know the meanings produced by students from dialogues of health care and the environment. Methodology: a qualitative study with 65 students of two schools of the Pelotas /RS /Brazil. The data were collected from September to August/2011/2012. The material analyzed in this paper was produced at the end of 18 workshops from essays and speeches written by focus groups. Results: it was observed that the process of participation at the workshops created a close liaison between health care encompassing the human relationship with the environment. The dynamic provided the motivation for adopting collective conscious, ethical attitudes, gesture of citizenship and ressignification of the values and symbology, including in these medicinal plants. Conclusion: the health and environmental issues can be optimized and experienced in an enjoyable way when worked interconnected with the individual’s culture.

Das emotionale Nutzererlebnis von Produkten erlaubt, diese in leistungskonformen Märkten zu differenzieren. Vor allem Ingenieure bedürfen hierfür einfacher und verständlicher Unterstützungen, da Grundlagen zu Nutzererlebnis, vor allem Psychologie, meist fehlen. Diese Dissertation bietet ein am Entwickler zentriertes Forschungsvorgehen, adaptiert von der nutzerzentrierten Gestaltung. Es hilft Forschern, einfach verständliche, effiziente und motivierende Unterstützung für Entwickler zu gestalten, um Nutzererlebnisse zu ermöglichen. Als Anwendung bietet die Arbeit fünf entsprechende Hilfsmittel, die in Fallstudien ihre Wirkung erzielten., The emotional user experience of products allows for differing them in markets with equal performances. Therefore, particularly engineers need an easy and understandable support, since they mostly lack basics on user experience and psychology. This dissertation offers a developer-oriented research approach, adapted from user-centered design. It helps researchers to design support for developers designing experiences which is easy to understand, efficient and motivating. As an application, this work provides five tools according to the approach and shows their impact in use cases.

This study deals with the role of mental models in the coordination of team activities during design problem-solving. The work centers on the sharedness of mental models in a design team setting, mainly on the interaction between an architect and two clients. A major goal is to gain insight into how modifications in mental models affect coordination, and how sharedness develops through the process. Our focus is to explore, through a case study, the individual contributions of the architect and the clients to coordination of the work process, and how sharedness of the development of the team mental model evolves in the early stage of concept generation. Our claim is that work teams develop a certain degree of sharedness of the mental models of individual team members during information exchange. This team mental model can be insufficient or even wrong, but as long as the team members feel agreement in the team, they coordinate their work on that basis. Thus, sharedness of mental models is believed to be a powerful team asset, especially when it is reached in the earlier phases of the design process. Our findings suggest that in order to attain sharedness among design team members, design activities related to the task mental model should be encouraged, specifically the generation of new ideas and the analysis of solutions. Implications for practice and education are suggested, OLD Design Theory and Methodology

Building on the assumption that the physical environment can have an influence on the creativity of designers and design students in particular, the aim of this paper is to provide theoretical propositions and evidences for this relationship. We develop various propositions about the influence of physical environments on creativity, based on eight expert interviews and supported by literature. A particular focus was given to the environments of design educational institutions. We present a summary of the main insights and visualize the developed propositions as a causal graph addressing how space influences creativity. These propositions can be regarded as a first step towards a theory of creativity-supporting learning environments and they can serve as a reference when designing or adjusting creative learning spaces., OLD Design Theory and Methodology, OLD Management and Organisation, Design Aesthetics

Background Over the past decades a considerable number of studies have been done on the golden ratio and the relation between their aesthetics and design. These studies, after analyzing design icons with the golden ratio, seem to prove that the golden ratio is an important principle for good design. However, these studies mainly focused on western products that were used in western countries. And thus, the majority of the products were designed by western designers and analyzed by western scholars. These factors raised a doubt whether the golden ratio is also the most aesthetically pleasing proportion in other countries, for example in Asia. Proportions are determined by mathematical logic; however preference and aesthetic judgment are aroused from individual's experience and environmental context. Questioning whether the golden ratio is the most commonly preferred proportion across cultures led to an empirical study to examine the differences between Western and Asian preferences on the golden ratio. Specifically, this study is focused on Koreans' preference and their traditional products. Methods First, the preference experiment on proportion was conducted in South Korea with 277 subjects. Second, this study continued to analyze the proportion of over 100 Korean traditional objects that exemplify the research results. Results The experimental data clearly reveals that Korean subjects have a significant preference for the root ratio (1:1.414). This result obviously contradicts previous studies conducted in western countries that showed a strong preference for the golden ratio, and their good design objects are also characterized by the golden ratio (1:1.618). This study continues to verify that Koreans' favorite ratio could be found in Korean traditional design objects reflecting their preference. Korean traditional design objects show a clearly shorter ratio (1:1, 1:1.333) than the golden ratio (1:1.618). Conclusions It is concluded that the golden ratio is not, OLD Design Theory and Methodology

Information literacy may be defined as the ability to identify a research problem, decide the kinds of information needed to tackle it, find the information efficiently, evaluate the information, and apply it to the problem at hand. Teaching Research Processes suggests a novel way in which information literacy can come within the remit of teaching faculty, supported by librarians, and reconceived as ?research processes?. The aim is to transform education from what some see as a primarily one-way knowledge communication practice, to an interactive practice involving the core research tasks of subject disciplines. This title is structured into nine chapters, covering: Defining research processes; Research ability inadequacies in higher education; Research processes and faculty understanding; Current initiatives in research processes; The role of disciplinary thinking in research processes; Research processes in the classroom; Tentative case studies in disciplinary research process instruction; Research processes transforming education; and Resourcing the enterprise. The book concludes by encouraging the reader to implement the teaching of research processes. Engages the domain of teaching faculty rather than librarians only Analyzes the reasons why the research processes concept represents a gap in academia Focuses on research ability as a process that can be taught within disciplines

Information literacy may be defined as the ability to identify a research problem, decide the kinds of information needed to tackle it, find the information efficiently, evaluate the information, and apply it to the problem at hand. Teaching Research Processes suggests a novel way in which information literacy can come within the remit of teaching faculty, supported by librarians, and reconceived as ?research processes?. The aim is to transform education from what some see as a primarily one-way knowledge communication practice, to an interactive practice involving the core research tasks of subject disciplines. This title is structured into nine chapters, covering: Defining research processes; Research ability inadequacies in higher education; Research processes and faculty understanding; Current initiatives in research processes; The role of disciplinary thinking in research processes; Research processes in the classroom; Tentative case studies in disciplinary research process instruction; Research processes transforming education; and Resourcing the enterprise. The book concludes by encouraging the reader to implement the teaching of research processes. Engages the domain of teaching faculty rather than librarians only Analyzes the reasons why the research processes concept represents a gap in academia Focuses on research ability as a process that can be taught within disciplines

Information literacy may be defined as the ability to identify a research problem, decide the kinds of information needed to tackle it, find the information efficiently, evaluate the information, and apply it to the problem at hand. Teaching Research Processes suggests a novel way in which information literacy can come within the remit of teaching faculty, supported by librarians, and reconceived as ?research processes?. The aim is to transform education from what some see as a primarily one-way knowledge communication practice, to an interactive practice involving the core research tasks of subject disciplines. This title is structured into nine chapters, covering: Defining research processes; Research ability inadequacies in higher education; Research processes and faculty understanding; Current initiatives in research processes; The role of disciplinary thinking in research processes; Research processes in the classroom; Tentative case studies in disciplinary research process instruction; Research processes transforming education; and Resourcing the enterprise. The book concludes by encouraging the reader to implement the teaching of research processes. Engages the domain of teaching faculty rather than librarians only Analyzes the reasons why the research processes concept represents a gap in academia Focuses on research ability as a process that can be taught within disciplines

Information literacy may be defined as the ability to identify a research problem, decide the kinds of information needed to tackle it, find the information efficiently, evaluate the information, and apply it to the problem at hand. Teaching Research Processes suggests a novel way in which information literacy can come within the remit of teaching faculty, supported by librarians, and reconceived as ?research processes?. The aim is to transform education from what some see as a primarily one-way knowledge communication practice, to an interactive practice involving the core research tasks of subject disciplines. This title is structured into nine chapters, covering: Defining research processes; Research ability inadequacies in higher education; Research processes and faculty understanding; Current initiatives in research processes; The role of disciplinary thinking in research processes; Research processes in the classroom; Tentative case studies in disciplinary research process instruction; Research processes transforming education; and Resourcing the enterprise. The book concludes by encouraging the reader to implement the teaching of research processes. Engages the domain of teaching faculty rather than librarians only Analyzes the reasons why the research processes concept represents a gap in academia Focuses on research ability as a process that can be taught within disciplines

Information literacy may be defined as the ability to identify a research problem, decide the kinds of information needed to tackle it, find the information efficiently, evaluate the information, and apply it to the problem at hand. Teaching Research Processes suggests a novel way in which information literacy can come within the remit of teaching faculty, supported by librarians, and reconceived as ?research processes?. The aim is to transform education from what some see as a primarily one-way knowledge communication practice, to an interactive practice involving the core research tasks of subject disciplines. This title is structured into nine chapters, covering: Defining research processes; Research ability inadequacies in higher education; Research processes and faculty understanding; Current initiatives in research processes; The role of disciplinary thinking in research processes; Research processes in the classroom; Tentative case studies in disciplinary research process instruction; Research processes transforming education; and Resourcing the enterprise. The book concludes by encouraging the reader to implement the teaching of research processes. Engages the domain of teaching faculty rather than librarians only Analyzes the reasons why the research processes concept represents a gap in academia Focuses on research ability as a process that can be taught within disciplines