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[Objective] Metabolic profiling is a valuable tool to characterize tumor biology but remains largely unexplored in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Our aim was to comprehensively assess the metabolomic profile of NETs and identify novel prognostic biomarkers and dysregulated molecular pathways., [Design and Methods] Multiplatform untargeted metabolomic profiling (GC-MS, CE-MS, and LC-MS) was performed in plasma from 77 patients with G1-2 extra-pancreatic NETs enrolled in the AXINET trial (NCT01744249) (study cohort) and from 68 non-cancer individuals (control). The prognostic value of each differential metabolite (n = 155) in NET patients (P < .05) was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses adjusted for multiple testing and other confounding factors. Related pathways were explored by Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis (MSEA) and Metabolite Pathway Analysis (MPA)., [Results] Thirty-four metabolites were significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) (n = 16) and/or overall survival (OS) (n = 27). Thirteen metabolites remained significant independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis, 3 of them with a significant impact on both PFS and OS. Unsupervised clustering of these 3 metabolites stratified patients in 3 distinct prognostic groups (1-year PFS of 71.1%, 47.7%, and 15.4% (P = .012); 5-year OS of 69.7%, 32.5%, and 27.7% (P = .003), respectively). The MSEA and MPA of the 13-metablolite signature identified methionine, porphyrin, and tryptophan metabolisms as the 3 most relevant dysregulated pathways associated with the prognosis of NETs., [Conclusions] We identified a metabolomic signature that improves prognostic stratification of NET patients beyond classical prognostic factors for clinical decisions. The enriched metabolic pathways identified reveal novel tumor vulnerabilities that may foster the development of new therapeutic strategies for these patients.

Se describe una nueva asociación vegetal, Saturejo valentinae-Teucrietum buxifolii (All. Teucrion buxifolii), dominada por Teucrium buxifolium subsp. buxifolium, propia de las sierras litorales e interiores del sector Setabense. Es una comunidad de bajo recubrimiento que crece en grietas de roquedos calizos de las áreas termo-mesomediterráneas. Se aportan asimismo datos sobre la composición florística, comportamiento ecológico y distribución., A new plant association, Saturejo valentinae-Teucrietum buxifolii (All. Teucrion buxifolii), is described from the coastal and inland mountains in the Saetabensian sector, which is dominated by Teucrium buxifolium subsp. buxifolium. This is a low-coverage plant community occurring in rock crevices of limestone cliffs of the thermo-mesomediterranean areas. Data on the floristic composition, ecology and distribution are also reported.

Diseño de rúbricas destinadas a la evaluación de los trabajos de fin de grado y de fin de máster en la Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Se presentan modelos tanto para el tutor que dirige el trabajo como para el tribunal que debe evaluar la memoria realizada y su presentación.

Strengthening with advanced composite materials (i.e. Fiber Reinforced Polymer laminates, FRP, and Steel Reinforced Polymer spikes, SRP), or adding passive devices (metallic dampers) have been used separately for seismic retrofitting RC frames. On the one hand, using only FRP/SRP may prove insufficient and cost prohibitive. On the other hand, installing hysteretic dampers in an existing frame that lacks a minimum quasi-elastic deformation capacity can jeopardize the efficiency of the metallic dampers, leading to devices of excessive size and cost. This study investigates combining limited FRP/SRP strengthening with the addition of metallic dampers to attain a cost-effective strengthening scheme. This paper elucidates the structural variables involved in such a hybrid solution and the desirable range of their values through an energy-based method. The validity of the proposed method and formulation is assessed through numerical simulations conducted on a RC frame subjected to far-field and near-fault earthquakes.

Oceanic islands have been recognized as natural laboratories in which to study a great variety of evolutionary processes. One such process is evolutionary radiations, the diversification of a single ancestor into a number of species that inhabit different environments and differ in the traits that allow them to exploit those environments. The factors that drive evolutionary radiations have been studied for decades in charismatic organisms such as birds or lizards, but are lacking in lichen-forming fungi, despite recent reports of some lineages showing diversification patterns congruent with radiation.Here we propose the Ramalina decipiens group as a model system in which to carry out such studies. This group is currently thought to be comprised of five saxicolous species, all of them endemic to the Macaronesian region (the Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary, and Cape Verde islands). Three species are single-island endemics (a rare geographic distribution pattern in lichens), whereas two are widespread and show extreme morphological variation. The latter are suspected to harbor unrecognized species-level lineages.In order to use the Ramalina decipiens group as a model system, it is necessary to resolve the group's phylogeny and to clarify its species boundaries. In this study, we attempt to do so following an integrative taxonomy approach. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on six molecular markers, four of which are newly developed, and generated competing species hypotheses based on molecular (species discovery strategies based on both single locus and multilocus datasets) and phenotypic data (unsupervised clustering algorithms based on morphology, secondary chemistry, and geographic origin).We found that taxonomic diversity in the Ramalina decipiens group has been highly underestimated in previous studies. In consequence, we describe six new species, most of them single-island endemics, and provide a key to the group. Phylogenetic relationships among species

En los últimos años se ha extendido el uso de técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial para la detección y diagnóstico temprano de enfermedades dado que el tratamiento preventivo o en etapas iniciales es mucho más efectivo y su coste mucho menor. Sin embargo no hay demasiados trabajos que aborden el uso de estas técnicas para estimar el nivel de dolor que sufren los pacientes de determinadas enfermedades. En este proyecto se plantea diseñar un sistema basado en técnicas de inteligencia artificial con datos multimodales para estimar el nivel de dolor y poder ajustar en su caso los tratamientos para eliminarlo o mitigarlo.

[ES] Comunicación en formato PechaKucha presentada a: XX Workshop de proyectos digitales, bajo el título «El papel de los repositorios en la Estrategia Nacional de Ciencia Abierta». Jaén, 23 y 24 de mayo de 2024.La comunicación presentó el proyecto desarrollado en Documentación científica de la Biblioteca Central de la Universitat Politècnica de València orientado a la mejora de la introducción de la producción científica a través del depósito delegado mediante api de WoS, cuya implementación ha permitido a los autores reducir el autoarchivo en el CRIS con la consiguiente disminución de su carga de trabajo. Asimismo, se presentó una forma de contabilizar las APCs dentro de los Acuerdos transformativos con objeto de poder presupuestar adecuadamente el gasto destinado a las mismas.

[ES] Comunicación en formato PechaKucha presentada a: XX Workshop de proyectos digitales, bajo el título «El papel de los repositorios en la Estrategia Nacional de Ciencia Abierta». Jaén, 23 y 24 de mayo de 2024.La comunicación presentó el proyecto desarrollado en Documentación científica de la Biblioteca Central de la Universitat Politècnica de València orientado a la mejora de la introducción de la producción científica a través del depósito delegado mediante api de WoS, cuya implementación ha permitido a los autores reducir el autoarchivo en el CRIS con la consiguiente disminución de su carga de trabajo. Asimismo, se presentó una forma de contabilizar las APCs dentro de los Acuerdos transformativos con objeto de poder presupuestar adecuadamente el gasto destinado a las mismas.

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising substrate for anaerobic digestion (AD) in renewable energy generation but presents a significant challenge during the hydrolysis stage of conventional AD due to the recalcitrant nature of this biomass substrate. Rumen fluid is often employed as a bioaugmentation seed to enhance hydrolysis in the AD of lignocellulosic substrates due to its richness in hydrolytic bacteria. However, using rumen fluid to enhance AD processes presents substantial hurdles, including the procurement difficulties associated with rumen fluid and ethical concerns. In this study, the fecal microbiota of 10 African ruminant species from a large zoological park (Bioparc) in Valencia, Spain, were studied using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In this study, the fecal microbiota of 10 African ruminant species from a large zoological park (Bioparc) in Valencia, Spain, were studied using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The investigation revealed potential similarities between the fecal microbiota from the African ruminants’ and cows’ rumen fluids, as suggested by theoretical considerations. Although direct comparative analysis with cow rumen fluid was not performed in this study, the theoretical framework and existing literature hint at potential similarities. According to our results, the Impala, Blesbok, Dikdik and Bongo ruminant species stood out as having the greatest potential to be used in bioaugmentation strategies. Key genera such as Fibrobacter, Methanobrevibacter, and Methanosphaera in Impala samples suggested Impala rumen fluid’s involvement in cellulose breakdown and methane production. Blesbok and Dikdik exhibited a high abundance of Bacillus and Atopostipes, potentially contributing to lignin degradation. The richness of Prevotellaceae and Rikenellaceae in the Bongo fecal samples is probably associated with structural carbohydrate degradation. Taken together, our results shed light o

[ES] Comunicación en formato PechaKucha presentada a: XX Workshop de proyectos digitales, bajo el título «El papel de los repositorios en la Estrategia Nacional de Ciencia Abierta». Jaén, 23 y 24 de mayo de 2024.La comunicación presentó el proyecto desarrollado en Documentación científica de la Biblioteca Central de la Universitat Politècnica de València orientado a la mejora de la introducción de la producción científica a través del depósito delegado mediante api de WoS, cuya implementación ha permitido a los autores reducir el autoarchivo en el CRIS con la consiguiente disminución de su carga de trabajo. Asimismo, se presentó una forma de contabilizar las APCs dentro de los Acuerdos transformativos con objeto de poder presupuestar adecuadamente el gasto destinado a las mismas.

[ES] Comunicación en formato PechaKucha presentada a: XX Workshop de proyectos digitales, bajo el título «El papel de los repositorios en la Estrategia Nacional de Ciencia Abierta». Jaén, 23 y 24 de mayo de 2024.La comunicación presentó el proyecto desarrollado en Documentación científica de la Biblioteca Central de la Universitat Politècnica de València orientado a la mejora de la introducción de la producción científica a través del depósito delegado mediante api de WoS, cuya implementación ha permitido a los autores reducir el autoarchivo en el CRIS con la consiguiente disminución de su carga de trabajo. Asimismo, se presentó una forma de contabilizar las APCs dentro de los Acuerdos transformativos con objeto de poder presupuestar adecuadamente el gasto destinado a las mismas.

A new plant association, Saturejo valentinae-Teucrietum buxifolii (All. Teucrion buxifolii), is described from the coastal and inland mountains in the Saetabensian sector, which is dominated by Teucrium buxifolium subsp. buxifolium. This is a low-coverage plant community occurring in rock crevices of limestone cliffs of the thermo-mesomediterranean areas. Data on the floristic composition, ecology and distribution are also reported., Se describe una nueva asociación vegetal, Saturejo valentinae-Teucrietum buxifolii (All. Teucrion buxifolii), dominada por Teucrium buxifolium subsp. buxifolium, propia de las sierras litorales e interiores del sector Setabense. Es una comunidad de bajo recubrimiento que crece en grietas de roquedos calizos de las áreas termo-mesomediterráneas. Se aportan asimismo datos sobre la composición florística, comportamiento ecológico y distribución.

El texto completo de este trabajo no se encuentra disponible por no haber sido facilitado aún por su autor, por restricciones de copyright, o por no existir una versión digital, Exceedances of NO2 hourly limit value (200 mu g.m(-3)) imply the need to implement short term action plans to avoid adverse effects on human health in urban areas. The Madrid City Council applied the stage 3 of the NO2 protocol during a high-pollution episode under stable meteorological conditions on December 2016 for the first time. This included road traffic access restrictions to the city centre (50% of conventional private vehicles based on plate numbers). In this contribution we analyse different meteorological and air quality observations, including non-standard parameters (such as number of ultrafine particles and remote sensing techniques MAXDOAS) for a better understanding of the effectivity of short-term emission abatement measures under real conditions and to identify options to improve the NO2 protocol in the future. According to our results, the inversion base height computed from vertical temperature soundings is a meaningful index to anticipate very unfavourable conditions and trigger the actions included in the protocol. The analysis of the concentration levels of the main pollutants from the Madrid air quality monitoring network indicate that only stage 3 of the protocol had a significant effect on NO2 maximum concentrations. The restrictions applied may have prevented NO2 concentrations to further increase in the city centre (up to 15%) although pollution levels in the city outskirts, outside the area directly affected by the traffic restrictions, remained unchanged or may have been slightly increased. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to estimate more precisely the effect of the measures taken and to assess potential trade-offs. Our results suggest that emissions play an important role also under very strong stability conditions although drastic measures are needed to achieve a significant impact. This highlights the importance of an appropriate timing for short-term actions and the need of permanent abatement measures related to air quality, Madrid City Council (Environment and Mobility Division of the General Directorate of Sustainability and Environmental Control), Madrid Greater Region under the TECNAIRE-CM research project, Depto. de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

Transportation problems are essential in commercial logistics and have been widely studied in the litera- ture during the last decades. Many of them consist in designing routes for vehicles to move commodities between locations. This article approaches a pickup-and-delivery single-vehicle routing problem where there is susceptibility to uncertainty in customer requests. The probability distributions of the requests are assumed to be known, and the objective is to design an a priori route with minimum expected length. The problem has already been approached in the literature, but through a heuristic method. This article proposes the first exact approach to the problem. Two mathematical formulations are proposed: one is a compact model (i.e. defined by a polynomial number of variables and constraints); the other one contains an exponential number of inequalities and is solved within a branch-and-cut framework. Computational results show the upsides as well as the breakdowns of both formulations., Spanish Government (MINECO/FEDER), Government of Madrid, Depto. de Economía Financiera y Actuarial y Estadística, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, pub

Background Awareness of the potential global overtreatment of patients with appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of 1–2 cm in size by performing oncological resections is increasing, but the rarity of this tumour has impeded clear recommendations to date. We aimed to assess the malignant potential of appendiceal NETs of 1–2 cm in size in patients with or without right-sided hemicolectomy. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we pooled data from 40 hospitals in 15 European countries for patients of any age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status with a histopathologically confirmed appendiceal NET of 1–2 cm in size who had a complete resection of the primary tumour between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2010. Patients either had an appendectomy only or an appendectomy with oncological right-sided hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection. Predefined primary outcomes were the frequency of distant metastases and tumour-related mortality. Secondary outcomes included the frequency of regional lymph node metastases, the association between regional lymph node metastases and histopathological risk factors, and overall survival with or without right-sided hemicolectomy. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the relative all-cause mortality hazard associated with right-sided hemicolectomy compared with appendectomy alone. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03852693. Findings 282 patients with suspected appendiceal tumours were identified, of whom 278 with an appendiceal NET of 1–2 cm in size were included. 163 (59%) had an appendectomy and 115 (41%) had a right-sided hemicolectomy, 110 (40%) were men, 168 (60%) were women, and mean age at initial surgery was 36·0 years (SD 18·2). Median follow-up was 13·0 years (IQR 11·0–15·6). After centralised histopathological review, appendiceal NETs were classified as a possible or probable primary tumour in two (1%) of 278 patients with distant peritoneal metastases and in two (1%

Antecedentes: La transición a la parentalidad implica cambios complejos para los padres, los cuales se reflejan en modificaciones cognitivas, emocionales y conductuales. También afectan los niveles de estrés y felicidad experimentados durante esta etapa. Los determinantes de la parentalidad son influenciados por factores internos y externos, los cuales se dividen en características de los padres (como el sexo, la edad, el nivel educativo y la paridad), los hijos (como el sexo y la edad) y el contexto en el que se desenvuelven. Entre todos estos factores, las características de los padres tienen una influencia más significativa, ya que son los principales agentes de socialización en la crianza de los hijos. Un aspecto importante de la parentalidad es la competencia parental percibida, que se refiere a la autopercepción de los padres sobre su capacidad para cuidar y educar a sus hijos. Esta competencia tiene un impacto en la competencia objetiva de los padres y en su bienestar psicológico. Además, desempeña un papel crucial durante la transición a la parentalidad, afectando el desarrollo y la salud de los niños. Para medir la competencia parental percibida, se utiliza la escala Parental Sense of Competence (PSOC). Esta escala evalúa la capacidad de los padres para asumir su rol parental (autocompetencia) y su satisfacción con su propia competencia (satisfacción). Ha sido estudiada en relación a la salud mental de los padres, el comportamiento de los hijos, las relaciones de pareja y el funcionamiento familiar. Aunque la versión original del PSOC ha sido ampliamente utilizada en diferentes países e idiomas, no existe una adaptación cultural al contexto español con propiedades psicométricas sólidas. Objetivos: El objetivo principal de la tesis es validar lingüísticamente la versión original en inglés de la escala PSOC al español en una muestra de madres y padres. Para lograr este objetivo, se plantearon los siguientes objetivos específicos: (i) realizar la traducción y

En el actual contexto universitario, y una vez superada la crisis sanitaria y social sin precedentes causada por la pandemia de la COVID-19 en el curso 2020-21, consideramos que nos encontramos ante una nueva fase en la que los métodos de enseñanza-aprendizaje a los que nos vimos abocados en dicho periodo hay que redefinirlos en un nuevo contexto de presencialidad. Para ello se plantea una investigación educativa que nos permita, desde esta red de carácter interuniversitario, analizar, por una parte, la implementación de metodologías convencionales y activas en la docencia presencial recuperada en el curso 2021-22 y 2022-23 a partir de estrategias centradas en el estudiante y en el docente como contextos divergentes; consideramos que resulta pertinente identificar cuáles de dichas metodologías se han implementado de forma recurrente en el contexto de docencia presencial para observar si existen diferencias sustanciales respecto a la metodología didáctica del curso 2020-21, caracterizado por el ejercicio docente dual y virtual. Esta aproximación nos permite reflexionar sobre nuevas propuestas que permitan afrontar retos complejos y oportunidades futuras en los sucesivos cursos académicos. Tras los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que las metodologías docentes activas y su hibridación con las convencionales resultan imprescindibles en contextos complejos y cambiantes que requieren de una continua adaptación, tal y como hemos podido observar durante estos tres últimos cursos académicos.

The brake-by-wire system is an innovative kind of brakes which is rising its popularity nowadays even challenging the conventional hydraulic brake systems. This system relies on electronic elements to exert a pressure onto the brake pads to slow down or stop the car. This is done by controlling a Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor via an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) within the car. To have a deeper understanding of how this motor will actuate over the brakes and its response under certain circumstances, a model in LTspice was developed. This model was validated with measurements performed with the real motor under specific conditions. After analysing the model and comparing it with the results obtained by testing the motor, it is concluded that the motor model developed in LTspice represents a close approximation.

Near-surface mercury and ozone depletion events occur in the lowest part of the atmosphere during Arctic spring. Mercury depletion is the first step in a process that transforms long-lived elemental mercury to more reactive forms within the Arctic that are deposited to the cryosphere, ocean, and other surfaces, which can ultimately get integrated into the Arctic food web. Depletion of both mercury and ozone occur due to the presence of reactive halogen radicals that are released from snow, ice, and aerosols. In this work, we added a detailed description of the Arctic atmospheric mercury cycle to our recently published version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem 4.3.3) that includes Arctic bromine and chlorine chemistry and activation/recycling on snow and aerosols. The major advantage of our modelling approach is the online calculation of bromine concentrations and emission/recycling that is required to simulate the hourly and daily variability of Arctic mercury depletion. We used this model to study coupling between reactive cycling of mercury, ozone, and bromine during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) spring season in 2020 and evaluated results compared to land-based, ship-based, and remote sensing observations. The model predicts that elemental mercury oxidation is driven largely by bromine chemistry and that particulate mercury is the major form of oxidized mercury. The model predicts that the majority (74%) of oxidized mercury deposited to land-based snow is re-emitted to the atmosphere as gaseous elemental mercury, while a minor fraction (4%) of oxidized mercury that is deposited to sea ice is re-emitted during spring. Our work demonstrates that hourly differences in bromine/ozone chemistry in the atmosphere must be considered to capture the springtime Arctic mercury cycle, including its integration into the cryosphere and ocean.

Background: Awareness of the potential global overtreatment of patients with appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of 1–2 cm in size by performing oncological resections is increasing, but the rarity of this tumour has impeded clear recommendations to date. We aimed to assess the malignant potential of appendiceal NETs of 1–2 cm in size in patients with or without right-sided hemicolectomy. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we pooled data from 40 hospitals in 15 European countries for patients of any age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status with a histopathologically confirmed appendiceal NET of 1–2 cm in size who had a complete resection of the primary tumour between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2010. Patients either had an appendectomy only or an appendectomy with oncological right-sided hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection. Predefined primary outcomes were the frequency of distant metastases and tumour-related mortality. Secondary outcomes included the frequency of regional lymph node metastases, the association between regional lymph node metastases and histopathological risk factors, and overall survival with or without right-sided hemicolectomy. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the relative all-cause mortality hazard associated with right-sided hemicolectomy compared with appendectomy alone. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03852693. Findings: 282 patients with suspected appendiceal tumours were identified, of whom 278 with an appendiceal NET of 1–2 cm in size were included. 163 (59%) had an appendectomy and 115 (41%) had a right-sided hemicolectomy, 110 (40%) were men, 168 (60%) were women, and mean age at initial surgery was 36·0 years (SD 18·2). Median follow-up was 13·0 years (IQR 11·0–15·6). After centralised histopathological review, appendiceal NETs were classified as a possible or probable primary tumour in two (1%) of 278 patients with distant peritoneal metastases and in t

The destructive power of a landslide can seriously affect human beings and infrastructures. The prediction of this phenomenon is of great interest; however, it is a complex task in which traditional methods have limitations. In recent years, Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a successful alternative in the geological field. Most of the related works use classical machine learning algorithms to correlate the variables of the phenomenon and its occurrence. This requires large quantitative landslide datasets, collected and labeled manually, which is costly in terms of time and effort. In this work, we create an image dataset using an official landslide inventory, which we verified and updated based on journalistic information and interpretation of satellite images of the study area. The images cover the landslide crowns and the actual triggering values of the conditioning factors at the detail level (5 × 5 pixels). Our approach focuses on the specific location where the landslide starts and its proximity, unlike other works that consider the entire landslide area as the occurrence of the phenomenon. These images correspond to geological, geomorphological, hydrological and anthropological variables, which are stacked in a similar way to the channels of a conventional image to feed and train a convolutional neural network. Therefore, we improve the quality of the data and the representation of the phenomenon to obtain a more robust, reliable and accurate prediction model. The results indicate an average accuracy of 97.48%, which allows the generation of a landslide susceptibility map on the Aloag-Santo Domingo highway in Ecuador. This tool is useful for risk prevention and management in this area where small, medium and large landslides occur frequently.

Las enfermedades reumáticas y musculoesqueléticas (ERM) son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades crónicas que afectan principalmente a articulaciones, huesos, músculos, tendones y ligamentos, aunque también pueden afectar a otros órganos y sistemas. La creciente importancia de estas enfermedades se debe a su prevalencia y al impacto que tienen en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, en particular, enfermedades inflamatorias inmunomediadas (IMID) como la artritis reumatoide (AR) y la espondiloartritis (EspA) producen gran discapacidad funcional y cursan con brotes periódicos, por lo que es importante un seguimiento y monitorización estrecha de la enfermedad. En la actualidad, la salud digital es una realidad y su uso en el campo de la reumatología requiere de un modelo asistencial que incorpore las tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones (TICs) y la implementación efectiva de la digitalización en la práctica clínica. En este trabajo se aborda el diseño y desarrollo de la herramienta IMIDoc para el seguimiento clínico, educación y empoderamiento de los pacientes con IMIDs favoreciendo una gestión más efectiva de la salud y eficiente que los métodos de atención tradicionales. Esta herramienta será evaluada en un estudio clínico multicéntrico en el que participarán más de 200 pacientes y equipos clínicos de 5 hospitales.

Anomaly detection is the identification of events or observations that deviate from the expected behaviour of a given set of data. Its main application is the prediction of possible technical failures. In particular, anomaly detection on supercomputers is a difficult problem to solve due to the large scale of the systems and the large number of components. Most research works in this field employ machine learning methods and regression models in a supervised fashion, which implies the need for a large amount of labelled data to train such systems. This work proposes the use of autoencoder models, allowing the problem to be approached with semi-supervised learning techniques. Two different model training approaches are compared. The former is a model trained with data from all the nodes of a supercomputer. In the latter approach, observing significant differences between nodes, one model is trained for each node. The results are analysed by evaluating the positive and negative aspects of each approach. On the other hand, a replica of the Marconi 100 supercomputer is developed in a virtual reality environment that allows the data from each node to be visualised at the same time.

Ramalina farinacea is an epiphytic lichen-forming fungus with a broad geographic distribution, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. In the eighties of the last century, it was hypothesized that R. farinacea had originated in the Macaronesian–Mediterranean region, with the Canary Islands as its probable southernmost limit, and thereafter it would have increased its distribution area. In order to explore the phylogeography of this emblematic lichen, we analyzed 120 thalli of R. farinacea collected in 38 localities distributed in temperate and boreal Europe, the Western Mediterranean Basin, and several Macaronesian archipelagos in the Atlantic Ocean. Data from two nuclear markers (nrITS and uid70) of the mycobiont were obtained to calculate genetic diversity indices to infer the phylogenies and haplotype networks and to investigate population structure. In addition, dating analysis was conducted to provide a valuable hypothesis of the timing of the origin and diversification of R. farinacea and its close allies. Our results highlight that phylogenetic species circumscription in the “Ramalina farinacea group” is complex and suggests that incomplete lineage sorting is at the base of conflicting phylogenetic signals. The existence of a high number of haplotypes restricted to the Macaronesian region, together with the diversification of R. farinacea in the Pleistocene, suggests that this species and its closest relatives originated during relatively recent geological times and then expanded its range to higher latitudes. However, our data cannot rule out whether the species originated from the Macaronesian archipelagos exclusively or also from the Mediterranean Basin. In conclusion, the present work provides a valuable biogeographical hypothesis for disentangling the evolution of this epiphytic lichen in space and time.

Karst bauxites have recently received renewed attention for their potential as non-conventional REE sources. Karst bauxites from the Pedernales Peninsula in the Dominican Republic stand among the world’s richest in REE. Bauxite ore from two deposits from this bauxite district, Aceitillar and El Turco, have been selected for this study due to their outstanding REE contents and contrasting mineralogy. REE (La to Lu) contents in Aceitillar, range from 0.07 to 0.16 wt%, and Y from 0.01 to 0.13 wt%, whereas El Turco contains between 0.28 and 1.40 wt% REE, and 0.33 to 1.48 wt% Y. The characterisation of REE mineralisation was performed through powder and monocrystal XRD, SEM-EDS, and EMP analyses. REE phosphates and carbonates reveal textural features that suggest significant REE mobilisation and re-deposition within the bauxite profile. The identified REE minerals can be classified into: i) primary monazite(-Ce) and minor monazite(-La); ii) secondary Y- and Nd-dominant phosphates; and iii) secondary Gd- and Nd-carbonates of the (hydroxyl)bastnäsite group. While monazites are ubiquitous in the two studied deposits, secondary phosphates are predominant in El Turco while secondary carbonates are exclusive of Aceitillar. This contrasting mineralogy is explained by the total concentration of carbonate and/or phosphate in the karst bauxite groundwater solutions. REE phosphates are the most stable phases at [CO32−]total/[PO43-]total ≤ 2; whereas REE carbonates are stable at near neutral pH when the total aqueous carbonate concentration is two orders of magnitude higher than that of phosphate. Results of this investigation contribute to a better understanding of the formation REE minerals in the supergene environment and can be applied in REE separation methods., Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-04-21 (sofila);Funder: MESCYT (Ministry of HigherEducation, Science and Technology of the Dominican Republic) (grant nos. 2014-1B4-133 & 2022-1A4-189), PID2019-105625RB-C21 (IP J.A. Pro-enza)

A Barcelona estem assistint al que es pot considerar una nova tradició nadalenca, la inauguració del pessebre de la Plaça de Sant Jaume. Des de l'any 2004 el pessebre que s'instal·la en aquesta emblemàtica plaça té el qualificatiu de “pessebre polèmic” per part dels mitjans de comunicació. Són pessebres que s'escapen de l'estètica clàssica adoptant elements propis de l'art contemporani. Aquest article proposa una anàlisi de la connexió que s'estableix entre pessebre i art contemporani a partir de les propostes que des de l'any 1992 fan a la ciutat d'Olot i posant especial èmfasi en els pessebres de la Plaça de Sant Jaume de Barcelona . Basant-nos en l'observació participant i l'anàlisi documental concloem que la proposta dels pessebres contemporanis s'enquadra en l'evolució de la societat i especialment en les formes que pot tenir l'expressió de la religiositat popular a l'espai públic. Aquestes propostes, alhora, estan fent evolucionar la manera de fer pessebres que són pròpies del pessebrisme associatiu., In Barcelona, we are witnessing what can be considered a new Christmas tradition, the inauguration of the nativity scene in Plaça de Sant Jaume. Since 2004, the nativity scenes installed in this emblematic square have been labeled as "controversial nativity scenes" by the media. They are nativity scenes that escape from classical aesthetics by adopting elements typical of contemporary art. This article proposes an analysis of the connection established between nativity scenes and contemporary art based on the proposals made since 1992 in the city of Olot, with special emphasis on the nativity scenes in the Plaça de Sant Jaume in Barcelona. Based on participant observation and documentary analysis, we conclude that the contemporary nativity scene proposals are framed in the evolution of society and especially in the forms that the expression of popular religiosity can take in the public space. These proposals, in turn, are evolving the way of making nativity scenes that are typical of classical groups., En Barcelona estamos asistiendo a lo que puede considerarse como una nueva tradición navideña, la inauguración del pesebre de la Plaça de Sant Jaume. Desde el año 2004 el pesebre que se instala en esta emblemática plaza tiene el calificativo de “pesebre polémico” por parte de los medios de comunicación. Se trata de pesebres que se escapan de la estética clásica adoptando elementos propios del arte contemporáneo. El presente artículo propone un análisis de la conexión que se establece entre pesebre y arte contemporáneo a partir de las propuestas que des de el año 1992 de hacen en la ciudad de Olot y poniendo especial énfasis en los pesebres de la Plaça de Sant Jaume de Barcelona. Basándonos en la observación participante y el análisis documental concluimos que la propuesta de los pesebres contemporáneos se encuadra en la evolución de la sociedad y especialmente en las formas que la expresión de la religiosidad popular puede tener en el espacio público. Estas propuestas, a su vez, están haciendo evolucionar la manera de hacer pesebres que son propias del pesebrismo asociativo.

[ES] Se trata de un estudio aerodinámico mediante mecánica de fluidos computacional (CFD) de los Common Research Models (CRM) o modelos comunes de investigación de aeronaves de la NASA y los efectos asociados a la incorporación del sistema de apoyo en éste. Existen numerosas maneras de acoplar un modelo de aeronave a un túnel de viento, y en el presente proyecto se analiza el efecto sobre del mismo sobre los resultados aerodinámicos. A través de la comparativa con los datos experimentales proporcionados por el NASA Langley National Transonic Facility (NTF) y el Ames 11-ft Wind Tunnels, entre otros, se llevará a cabo la validación de los resultados numéricos obtenidos., [EN] This is an aerodynamic study using computational fluid mechanics (CFD) of the Common Research Models (CRM) or common NASA aircraft research models and the effects associated with the incorporation of the support system in it. There are numerous ways to couple an aircraft model to a wind tunnel, and in this project the effect of this on the aerodynamic results is analyzed. Through the comparison with the experimental data provided by the NASA Langley National Transonic Facility (NTF) and the Ames 11-ft Wind Tunnels, among others, the validation of the numerical results obtained will be carried out.

[ES] Se trata de un estudio aerodinámico mediante mecánica de fluidos computacional (CFD) de los Common Research Models (CRM) o modelos comunes de investigación de aeronaves de la NASA y los efectos asociados a la incorporación del sistema de apoyo en éste. Existen numerosas maneras de acoplar un modelo de aeronave a un túnel de viento, y en el presente proyecto se analiza el efecto sobre del mismo sobre los resultados aerodinámicos. A través de la comparativa con los datos experimentales proporcionados por el NASA Langley National Transonic Facility (NTF) y el Ames 11-ft Wind Tunnels, entre otros, se llevará a cabo la validación de los resultados numéricos obtenidos., [EN] This is an aerodynamic study using computational fluid mechanics (CFD) of the Common Research Models (CRM) or common NASA aircraft research models and the effects associated with the incorporation of the support system in it. There are numerous ways to couple an aircraft model to a wind tunnel, and in this project the effect of this on the aerodynamic results is analyzed. Through the comparison with the experimental data provided by the NASA Langley National Transonic Facility (NTF) and the Ames 11-ft Wind Tunnels, among others, the validation of the numerical results obtained will be carried out.

Ramalina farinacea is an epiphytic lichen-forming fungus with a broad geographic distribution, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. In the eighties of the last century, it was hypothesized that R. farinacea had originated in the Macaronesian–Mediterranean region, with the Canary Islands as its probable southernmost limit, and thereafter it would have increased its distribution area. In order to explore the phylogeography of this emblematic lichen, we analyzed 120 thalli of R. farinacea collected in 38 localities distributed in temperate and boreal Europe, the Western Mediterranean Basin, and several Macaronesian archipelagos in the Atlantic Ocean. Data from two nuclear markers (nrITS and uid70) of the mycobiont were obtained to calculate genetic diversity indices to infer the phylogenies and haplotype networks and to investigate population structure. In addition, dating analysis was conducted to provide a valuable hypothesis of the timing of the origin and diversification of R. farinacea and its close allies. Our results highlight that phylogenetic species circumscription in the “Ramalina farinacea group” is complex and suggests that incomplete lineage sorting is at the base of conflicting phylogenetic signals. The existence of a high number of haplotypes restricted to the Macaronesian region, together with the diversification of R. farinacea in the Pleistocene, suggests that this species and its closest relatives originated during relatively recent geological times and then expanded its range to higher latitudes. However, our data cannot rule out whether the species originated from the Macaronesian archipelagos exclusively or also from the Mediterranean Basin. In conclusion, the present work provides a valuable biogeographical hypothesis for disentangling the evolution of this epiphytic lichen in space and time.

Ramalina farinacea is an epiphytic lichen-forming fungus with a broad geographic distribution, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. In the eighties of the last century, it was hypothesized that R. farinacea had originated in the Macaronesian–Mediterranean region, with the Canary Islands as its probable southernmost limit, and thereafter it would have increased its distribution area. In order to explore the phylogeography of this emblematic lichen, we analyzed 120 thalli of R. farinacea collected in 38 localities distributed in temperate and boreal Europe, the Western Mediterranean Basin, and several Macaronesian archipelagos in the Atlantic Ocean. Data from two nuclear markers (nrITS and uid70) of the mycobiont were obtained to calculate genetic diversity indices to infer the phylogenies and haplotype networks and to investigate population structure. In addition, dating analysis was conducted to provide a valuable hypothesis of the timing of the origin and diversification of R. farinacea and its close allies. Our results highlight that phylogenetic species circumscription in the “Ramalina farinacea group” is complex and suggests that incomplete lineage sorting is at the base of conflicting phylogenetic signals. The existence of a high number of haplotypes restricted to the Macaronesian region, together with the diversification of R. farinacea in the Pleistocene, suggests that this species and its closest relatives originated during relatively recent geological times and then expanded its range to higher latitudes. However, our data cannot rule out whether the species originated from the Macaronesian archipelagos exclusively or also from the Mediterranean Basin. In conclusion, the present work provides a valuable biogeographical hypothesis for disentangling the evolution of this epiphytic lichen in space and time.

Karst bauxites have recently received renewed attention for their potential as non-conventional REE sources. Karst bauxites from the Pedernales Peninsula in the Dominican Republic stand among the world’s richest in REE. Bauxite ore from two deposits from this bauxite district, Aceitillar and El Turco, have been selected for this study due to their outstanding REE contents and contrasting mineralogy. REE (La to Lu) contents in Aceitillar, range from 0.07 to 0.16 wt%, and Y from 0.01 to 0.13 wt%, whereas El Turco contains between 0.28 and 1.40 wt% REE, and 0.33 to 1.48 wt% Y. The characterisation of REE mineralisation was performed through powder and monocrystal XRD, SEM-EDS, and EMP analyses. REE phosphates and carbonates reveal textural features that suggest significant REE mobilisation and re-deposition within the bauxite profile. The identified REE minerals can be classified into: i) primary monazite(-Ce) and minor monazite(-La); ii) secondary Y- and Nd-dominant phosphates; and iii) secondary Gd- and Nd-carbonates of the (hydroxyl)bastnäsite group. While monazites are ubiquitous in the two studied deposits, secondary phosphates are predominant in El Turco while secondary carbonates are exclusive of Aceitillar. This contrasting mineralogy is explained by the total concentration of carbonate and/or phosphate in the karst bauxite groundwater solutions. REE phosphates are the most stable phases at [CO32−]total/[PO43-]total ≤ 2; whereas REE carbonates are stable at near neutral pH when the total aqueous carbonate concentration is two orders of magnitude higher than that of phosphate. Results of this investigation contribute to a better understanding of the formation REE minerals in the supergene environment and can be applied in REE separation methods., Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-04-21 (sofila);Funder: MESCYT (Ministry of HigherEducation, Science and Technology of the Dominican Republic) (grant nos. 2014-1B4-133 & 2022-1A4-189), PID2019-105625RB-C21 (IP J.A. Pro-enza)

We present the case of a 49-year-old diabetic man with vascular ulcers of venous origin, located in the lower third of the anterior face of the left lower limb. It was a highly exudative recurrent lesion with involvement of the perilesional skin and a history of deep vein thrombosis. The clinical case is based on the description of the treatment, the evolution and highlighting the importance of follow-up by the expert nurse for the healing of chronic wounds., Se presenta el caso de un hombre diabético de 49 años con úlceras vasculares de origen venoso, localizadas en el tercio inferior de la cara anterior del miembro inferior izquierdo. Era una lesión recidivante muy exudativa con afectación de la piel perilesional y con antecedente de trombosis venosa profunda. El caso clínico se basa en la descripción del tratamiento, la evolución y destacar la importancia del seguimiento por parte de la enfermera experta para la curación de heridas crónicas.

Background Awareness of the potential global overtreatment of patients with appendiceal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of 1–2 cm in size by performing oncological resections is increasing, but the rarity of this tumour has impeded clear recommendations to date. We aimed to assess the malignant potential of appendiceal NETs of 1–2 cm in size in patients with or without right-sided hemicolectomy. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we pooled data from 40 hospitals in 15 European countries for patients of any age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status with a histopathologically confirmed appendiceal NET of 1–2 cm in size who had a complete resection of the primary tumour between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 31, 2010. Patients either had an appendectomy only or an appendectomy with oncological right-sided hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection. Predefined primary outcomes were the frequency of distant metastases and tumour-related mortality. Secondary outcomes included the frequency of regional lymph node metastases, the association between regional lymph node metastases and histopathological risk factors, and overall survival with or without right-sided hemicolectomy. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the relative all-cause mortality hazard associated with right-sided hemicolectomy compared with appendectomy alone. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03852693. Findings 282 patients with suspected appendiceal tumours were identified, of whom 278 with an appendiceal NET of 1–2 cm in size were included. 163 (59%) had an appendectomy and 115 (41%) had a right-sided hemicolectomy, 110 (40%) were men, 168 (60%) were women, and mean age at initial surgery was 36·0 years (SD 18·2). Median follow-up was 13·0 years (IQR 11·0–15·6). After centralised histopathological review, appendiceal NETs were classified as a possible or probable primary tumour in two (1%) of 278 patients with distant peritoneal metastases and in two (1%

Pain assessment is a critical aspect of healthcare, influencing timely interventions and patient well-being. Traditional pain evaluation methods often rely on subjective patient reports, leading to inaccuracies and disparities in treatment, especially for patients who present difficulties to communicate due to cognitive impairments. Our contributions are three-fold. Firstly, we analyze the correlations of the data extracted from biomedical sensors. Then, we use state-of-the-art computer vision techniques to analyze videos focusing on the facial expressions of the patients, both per-frame and using the temporal context. We compare them and provide a baseline for pain assessment methods using two popular benchmarks: UNBC-McMaster Shoulder Pain Expression Archive Database and BioVid Heat Pain Database. We achieved an accuracy of over 96% and over 94% for the F1 Score, recall and precision metrics in pain estimation using single frames with the UNBC-McMaster dataset, employing state-of-the-art computer vision techniques such as Transformer-based architectures for vision tasks. In addition, from the conclusions drawn from the study, future lines of work in this area are discussed.

Recent advances in facial recognition technology have achieved outstanding performance, but unconstrained face recognition remains an ongoing issue. Facial-image-quality-evaluation algorithms evaluate the quality of the input samples, providing crucial information about the accuracy of recognition decisions. By doing so, this can lead to improved results in challenging scenarios. In recent years, significant progress has been made in assessing the quality of facial images. The computation of quality scores has become highly precise and closely correlated with the model results. In this paper, we reviewed and analyzed the existing biases of cutting-edge quality-estimation techniques for face recognition. Our experimentation focused on the quality estimators developed by MagFace, FaceQNet, and SER-FIQ and were evaluated on the CelebA reference dataset. A study of bias in the face-recognition model was conducted by analyzing the quality scores presented in each article. This allowed for an examination of existing biases within both the quality estimators and the face-recognition models.

Gravity tide records from El Hierro, Tenerife and Lanzarote Islands (Canarian Archipelago) have been analyzed and compared to the theoretical body tide model (DDW) of Dehant el al. (1999). The use of more stringent criterion of tidal analysis using VAV program allowed us to reduce the error bars by a factor of two of the gravimetric factors at Tenerife and Lanzarote compared with previous published values. Also, the calibration values have been revisited at those sites. Precise ocean tide loading (OTL) corrections based on up-to-date global ocean models and improved regional ocean model have been obtained for the main tidal harmonics O1, K1, M2, S2.We also point out the importance of using the most accurate coastline definition for OTL calculations in the Canaries. The remaining observational errors depend on the accuracy of the calibration of the gravimeters and/or on the length of the observed data series. Finally, the comparison of the tidal observations with the theoretical body tide models has been done with an accuracy level of 0.1% at El Hierro, 0.4% at Tenerife and 0.5% at Lanzarote., Spanish State Agency CSIC[PIE-2007301029]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation[CGL2007-65110/BTE], Unidad Deptal. de Astronomía y Geodesia, Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, TRUE, pub

We hereby present a new Bouguer gravity map of the La Gomera island (Canarian Archipelago), which is analysed and interpreted by means of a 3-dimensional inversion, in order to contribute to the knowledge of the structural setting of this volcanic island and its evolutionary history. A land gravity data set covering the whole island of La Gomera is used in combination with offshore measurements to achieve a better determination of the gravity field in areas near the coasts. The study of this map let us to shed some light on the hypothesis established about the volcanism of this island. Moreover, it shows the information that is hidden from a geological surface exploration, modelling deep sections of the crust in La Gomera, which have been unknown until now. A first interpretation of the Bouguer gravity anomaly is achieved from 1) the residual gravity map calculated by removing a regional component and 2) the total horizontal gradient of the gravity. These residual and derivative maps allow us to identify the horizontal location and borders of the shallowest gravity sources. This provides a useful tool to study the structures associated to the latest periods of the volcanism in the area. Moreover, the information so obtained supports the hypothesis about the migration of volcanic activity towards the south of the island. Subsequently, an inversion process is carried out looking for the 3D-modelisation of the sources of the observed gravity field, which provides a comprehensive view of the structures in volcanic environments. The inversion technique used is based on a genetic algorithm (GA) applied upon a prismatic partition of the subsoil volume, and adopting a priori values of density contrast (positive and negative). The main advantage of this method is that let us to model deep and shallow bodies which exhibit very different geometries and density contrasts. So, results indicate that this inversion strategy can be very effective for characterization of volcanic st, Research Groups of the University Complutense of Madrid[GR58/08-A]; Spanish Ministry of Science and, Unidad Deptal. de Astronomía y Geodesia, Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, TRUE, pub

This study used spatiotemporal land gravity data to investigate the 2021 eruption that occurred in the Cumbre Vieja volcano (La Palma, Canary Islands). First, we produced a density model by inverting the local gravity field using data collected in July 2005 and July 2021. This model revealed a low-density body beneath the western flank of the volcano that explains a highly fractured and altered structure related to the active hydrothermal system. Then, we retrieved changes in gravity and GNSS vertical displacements from repeated measurements made in a local network before (July 2021) and after (January 2022) the eruption. After correcting the vertical surface displacements, the gravity changes produced by mass variation during the eruptive process were used to build a forward model of the magmatic feeding system consisting of dikes and sills based on an initial model defined by the paths of the earthquake hypocenters preceding the eruption. Our study provides a final model of the magma plumbing system, which establishes a spatiotemporal framework tracing the path of magma ascent from the crust–mantle boundary to the surface from 11–19 September 2021, where the shallowest magma path was strongly influenced by the low-density body identified in the inversion process., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Sección Departamental de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica (Ciencias Matemáticas), Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, TRUE, pub

International Complutense Seminar on Geodetic and Geophysical Effects Associated with Seismic and Volcanic Hazards, Oct 08-11, 2001, Madrid, Spain, We have conducted observations with the aid of a seismo-tiltmeter station, which is based on the Ostrovsky pendulum and installed at the Geodynamic Observatory Cueva de los Verdes at Lanzarote Island since 1995. In this station the signal is separated into two frequency bands – tidal tilts (from 0 to 5 mHz) and ground oscillations in the frequency range of free Earth’s normal modes (from 0.2 to 5 mHz). The later band, called accelerometer channel, has additional amplification. We analyzed the background records in the frequency range of Earth’s free oscillations from August 2000 to September 2001, as well as, Earth’s normal modes after strong earthquakes. We found several distinctive persistent peaks in the spectra of background oscillations. Both amplitudes of distinguished peaks and noises have seasonal variations. We found that spectra of background oscillations are different in the frequency interval between 1.4 and 2.5 mHz for North- South and East-West components., Unidad Deptal. de Astronomía y Geodesia, Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, TRUE, pub

El Hierro is the youngest and westernmost island of the Canarian Archipelago. Due to its singular and interesting characteristics, with extensive landsliding, studying its crustal structure can provide very useful information about its origin and evolution. With this aim, we use the gravity inversion methodology obtaining a crustal model of mass distribution. We performed a gravity survey of the entire island, completing the gravity anomaly map of this area with marine data from the United States Geological Survey. The calculated Bouguer gravity anomaly map was studied using a covariance analysis and the least squares technique. To obtain crustal information from these data, we used a 3D gravity inversion based on genetic algorithms (GA). Thus, our inversion technique aims to determine the geometry of the sources of the observed gravity field, upon a prismatic partition of the subsoil volume, and adopting a priori density contrast values. The results of this gravity study of El Hierro Island show the correlation of several volcanic structures with the distribution of the gravity field sources. The characteristic triple rift system of the island is associated with low-density areas, and the older volcanic stages with high-density structures. We also found differences among the structures related to the several landslides, which helped the island takes shape., Unidad Deptal. de Astronomía y Geodesia, Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, TRUE, pub

We evaluated the mobility of a wide suite of economic metals (Ni, Co, REE, Sc, PGE) in Ni-laterites with different maturities, developed in the unconventional humid/hyper-humid Mediterranean climate. An embryonic Ni-laterite was identified at Los Reales in southern Spain, where a saprolite profile of ~1.5 m thick was formed at the expense of peridotites of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. In contrast, a more mature laterite was reported from Camán in south-central Chile, where the thicker (~7 m) weathering profile contains well-developed lower and upper oxide horizons. This comparative study reveals that both embryonic and mature laterites can form outside the typical (sub)-tropical climate conditions expected for lateritic soils, while demonstrating a similar chemical evolution in terms of major (MgO, Fe2O3, and Al2O3), minor (Ni, Mn, Co, Ti, Cr), and trace (REE, Y, Sc, PGE, Au) element concentrations. We show that, even in the earliest stages of laterization, the metal remobilization from primary minerals can already result in uneconomic concentration values., Junta de Andalucía, Depto. de Mineralogía y Petrología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

Following the 2004 seismic unrest at Tenerife and the 2011–2012 submarine eruption at El Hierro, the number of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observation sites in the Canary Islands (Spain) has increased, offering scientists a useful tool with which to infer the kinematics and present-day surface deformation of the Canary sector of the Atlantic Ocean. We take advantage of the common-mode component filtering technique to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the velocities retrieved from the daily solutions of 18 permanent GNSS stations distributed in the Canaries. The analysis of GNSS time series spanning the period 2011–2017 enabled us to characterize major regions of deformation along the archipelago through the mapping of the 2D infinitesimal strain field. By applying the triangular segmentation approach to GNSS velocities, we unveil a variable kinematic behaviour within the islands. The retrieved extension pattern shows areas of maximum deformation west of Tenerife, Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura. For the submarine main seismogenic fault between Tenerife and Gran Canaria, we simulated the horizontal deformation and strain due to one of the strongest (mbLg 5.2) earthquakes of the region. The seismic areas between islands, mainly offshore Tenerife and Gran Canaria, seem mainly influenced by the regional tectonic stress, not the local volcanic activity. In addition, the analysis of the maximum shear strain confirms that the regional stress field influences the E–W and NE–SW tectonic lineaments, which, in accordance with the extensional and compressional tectonic regimes identified, might favour episodes of volcanism in the Canary Islands., Sección Departamental de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica (Ciencias Matemáticas), Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, TRUE, pub

La computación cuántica es un nuevo paradigma en el procesamiento de la información que surge al intentar aprovechar las propiedades de la mecánica cuántica. En este nuevo enfoque, se emplean como unidad básica de información los qubits o bits cuánticos, que permiten a los ordenadores cuánticos realizar cálculos de manera más rápida y eficiente, alcanzando una mayor velocidad de procesamiento. Por tanto, esta tecnología podría revolucionar diversos campos y desbloquear soluciones para problemas muy complejos. El objetivo de este trabajo será proporcionar a los lectores una base sólida para comprender los principios de la computación cuántica. Además, exploraremos en detalle algunos de los algoritmos cuánticos más importantes que han sido desarrollados, lo que nos permitirá apreciar las aplicaciones prácticas y el potencial de la computación cuántica.

Este trabajo reúne las pautas necesarias para entender los métodos y algoritmos matemáticos que las redes neuronales emplean para procesar imágenes. En primer lugar, se introduce el concepto de neurona artificial, así como un ejemplo para ilustrar sus partes y su funcionamiento a nivel práctico para el tratamiento de imágenes. En la segunda parte del trabajo se introduce el concepto de red neuronal artificial, así como la importancia de las funciones de activación y el problema de clasificación. También se detalla matemáticamente el proceso de aprendizaje de las redes neuronales artificiales, introduciendo los algoritmos de Backpropagation y gradiente descendente. En la tercera parte del trabajo, se introducen las redes neuronales convolucionales, debido a su importancia para el procesamiento de imágenes con redes neuronales. Se detalla su arquitectura y se explica la función de los diferentes tipos de capas que las componen. En la parte final, se aplica la teoría matemática de las redes neuronales en el procesamiento de imágenes con tres casos prácticos utilizando MATLAB., This project gathers the necessary guidelines to understand the mathematical methods and algorithms that neural networks use to process images. Firstly, the concept of artificial neuron is introduced, along with an example to illustrate its parts and practical level operation for image processing. In the second part of the project, the concept of artificial neural network is introduced, as well as the importance of activation functions and the classification problem. The mathematical process of learning in artificial neural networks is also detailed, introducing the Backpropagation and gradient descent algorithms. In the third part of the project, Convolutional Neural Networks are introduced due to their importance in image processing with neural networks. Their architecture is detailed and the function of the different types of layers that make them up is explained. In the final part, the mathematical theory of neural networks is applied to image processing with three practical cases using MATLAB.

El reconocimiento facial lleva siendo un ámbito de estudio desde la década de 1960, logrando grandes avances gracias al desarrollo de la computación en las décadas siguientes. Todo lo contrario a lo que pasó con la inteligencia artificial, que sufrió un estancamiento durante esos años. Sin embargo, gracias a los recientes avances en la inteligencia artificial y al desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías, el reconocimiento facial ha logrado pasar de un sistema tan solo al alcance de muy pocos, a algo que podemos encontrar en nuestro bolsillo. En este trabajo se buscan exponer las técnicas más importantes de reconocimiento facial: tanto las primeras (basadas en subespacios vectoriales) como las más modernas, que incorporan la inteligencia artificial, con el fin dedeterminar la técnica más efectiva.

En este trabajo se aborda la relación entre la visión artificial y las redes neuronales artificiales. En primer lugar se destaca la importancia de la visión artificial en diversos campos y se analizan conceptos clave como la representación digital de imágenes y la aplicación de filtros mediante convolución para eliminar el ruido o realzar características relevantes. En segundo lugar se introduce el fundamento matemático de las redes neuronales, describiendo sus elementos básicos y el proceso de entrenamiento mediante backpropgation. Por último se profundiza en las redes neuronales convolucionales (CNN), destacando su capacidad para extraer características de imágenes y su eficacia en la clasificación. Finalmente, se implementa un ejemplo práctico en Matlab de tres redes convolucionales para la clasificación de imágenes.

Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado aborda de forma resumida las redes neuronales, presentando una introducción a las mismas junto a algunas de sus aplicaciones, contexto histórico y enfoque matemático a los algoritmos de entrenamiento más relevantes, para posteriormente profundizar en las RNN (Redes Neuronales Recurrentes) y sus arquitecturas. Tras eso, se describen exhaustivamente las dos configuraciones de celdas más destacadas de las RNN (LSTM y GRU), creadas para lidiar con los problemas derivados del gradiente, de cara a su posterior aplicación en diversos ámbitos. Se plantean ejemplos que permitan aplicar en un caso práctico los métodos matemáticos estudiados, tomando como ejemplo principal la predicción de precios trimestrales de 3 criptodivisas. Este trabajo, por tanto, se basa en un estudio teórico-práctico de las RNN comentando sus características principales y estructuras, habiendo establecido de antemano el contexto necesario para comprenderlas., This Bachelor’s Thesis provides a concise overview of neural networks, offering an introduction to the field along with some of their applications, historical context, and a mathematical approach to the most relevant training algorithms. It then deepens into the Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and explores their architectures. Subsequently, the two most prominent cell configurations of RNNs (LSTM & GRU) are thoroughly described, created in order to deal with gradient-related issues, with a focus on their practical application in various domains. Several examples are presented that allow the mathematical methods studied to be applied in a practical case, with the primary example being the quarterly price prediction of three cryptocurrencies. Therefore, this academic work is based on a theoretical-practical study to RNNs, discussing their main characteristics and structures, while establishing the necessary context for understanding them.

El uso de dinámicas de juego en el ámbito académico resulta generalmente motivador, pero la experiencia previa demuestra que no consigue involucrar a todos los estudiantes por igual y que algunos estudiantes se desconectan durante la actividad. Este trabajo presenta un conjunto de experiencias, aplicadas en diferentes materias de informática, donde la diversificación de juegos y agrupamientos ha demostrado ser altamente motivadora. Se propone una competición en la que se desarrollan diferentes juegos, algunos de preguntas de opción múltiple con diferentes formatos y también un pequeño Escape Room. La composición de los grupos va cambiando para los diferentes juegos, de manera que los estudiantes van interactuando con compañeros diferentes, y donde el tamaño de los grupos decrece progresivamente, empezando por un juego que enfrenta a dos mitades del grupo y siguiendo por juegos con equipos cada vez más reducidos que van promoviendo la participación más activa de cada integrante. La experiencia se ha evaluado mediante una encuesta sobre aspectos como la mejora del aprendizaje, implicación y motivación. Los datos revelan un alto grado de aceptación, incluyendo un incremento en el porcentaje de estudiantes motivados en los casos en que se ha podido comparar con actividades de gamificación anteriores., The use of game dynamics in the academic environment is generally motivating, but previous experience shows that it fails to involve all students equally and that some students disconnect during the activity. This work presents a set of experiences, applied in different computer science subjects, where the diversification of games and groupings has proven to be highly motivating. A competition is proposed in which different games are developed, some with multiple choice questions in different formats and also a small Escape Room. The composition of the groups changes for the different games, then the students interact with different classmates, and the size of the groups progressively decreases, starting with a game that divides the class in two groups facing each other. and it continues with games with increasingly smaller groups that promote a more active participation of each member. The experience has been evaluated through a survey on aspects such as learning improvement, involvement and motivation. The data reveal a high degree of acceptance, including an increase in the percentage of motivated students in cases where it has been possible to compare with previous gamification activities.

La Red Estatal de Docencia Universitaria, REDU, ha propuesto un marco de desarrollo académico docente (MDAD) para describir lo que considera una buena docencia universitaria. El MDAD propone una visión avanzada de la docencia, identificando factores y prácticas clave para mejorar el aprendizaje del alumnado. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar desde esta perspectiva un conjunto de actividades de aprendizaje y sus métodos de evaluación, con el objetivo de conocer cómo se desempeña nuestra labor docente bajo la lente del MDAD, así como qué aspectos podemos mejorar. Para ello, se ha elaborado un cuestionario de autoevaluación que ha sido respondido por los miembros del grupo de innovación educativa. Los resultados muestran que realizamos actividades de aprendizaje activo y de evaluación formativa que están alineadas con determinados descriptores del marco, a la vez que desvelan dos áreas de mejora: el aprendizaje profundo y los entornos de aprendizaje. Realizar un autoanálisis de nuestra práctica docente en base a las dimensiones del marco nos ha servido para reflexionar sobre nuestra práctica, encontrar caminos por los que orientar futuros proyectos de mejora educativa y visibilizar un conjunto de buenas prácticas, además de facilitar una herramienta de autoevaluación basada en el MDAD., The Red Estatal de Docencia Universitaria, REDU, has proposed a framework for academic teaching development (MDAD) to describe what it is Good university teaching. The MDAD proposes an advanced view of teaching, identifying key factors and practices to improve student learning. The aim of this paper is to review from this perspective a set of learning activities and their evaluation methods, to know how our teaching is performed under the MDAD lens, as well as what aspects we can improve. To this end, a self-assessment questionnaire was developed and answered by the members of the educational innovation group. The results show that we conduct active learning and formative assessment activities that are aligned with certain descriptors of the framework, while revealing two areas for improvement: deep learning and learning environments. Performing a self-analysis of our teaching practice based on the dimensions of the framework has helped us to reflect on our practice, find ways to guide future educational improvement projects and make a set of good practices visible, in addition to providing a self-assessment tool based on the MDAD.

La presente tesis doctoral tiene como finalidad dar a conocer el papel jugado por algunas escritoras de una parte de la historia literaria femenina colombiana entre los siglos XIX y XX. Específicamente, analiza las obras Misiá señora de Albalucía Ángel y Los divinos de Laura Restrepo, autoras que se han convertido en un referente para las mujeres escritoras contemporáneas y para el público femenino en general. En consonancia, se llevó a cabo un estudio desde una perspectiva cultural y de género dentro del marco de la propuesta metodológica denominada la ginocrítica, el cual permitió dilucidar la versión femenina de los hechos de carácter histórico y privado atravesados por la violencia en todos sus niveles. El corpus analizado se vale de recursos como las voces polifónicas y la equiparación de experiencias personales con sucesos de orden nacional para dotar de validez y verosimilitud las vivencias femeninas. Los resultados evidencian cómo a través de sus narrativas las autoras en mención construyen una versión alternativa de la violencia en todos los niveles y coinciden en el principio de que las experiencias femeninas son tan trascendentales como los sucesos históricos. Finalmente, se concluye que a pesar de los avances legislativos y de los esfuerzos por tipificar y castigar las violencias de las que han sido víctimas las mujeres de manera sistemática, todavía en nuestra época hacen parte del día a día de las realidades femeninas en todos ámbitos y permea a sujetos sin distinción de procedencia.