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This dissertation is an assessment of market and non-market valuation of renewable energy, specifically within the electricity sector. It contributes to the energy and economics literature through a battery of three chapters. This dissertation utilizes New Mexico as a case study, which is an economically poor and natural-resource rich state that produces and consumes electricity in the southwestern United States. It is also one of the four states that have adopted a policy for 100% clean energy by 2045. The first chapter models state- and county-level economic (e.g., employment, economic output, etc.) and environmental (e.g., externality, health impact, water use, greenhouse gases, etc.) impacts of the switch from fossil fuel generation to renewables on a state’s economy. This chapter provides a roadmap of how to measure the economic and environmental impacts of different energy scenarios by integrating various methodologies such as econometrics, GIS, and input-output into a unique system dynamics model. Findings from this chapter suggest that renewable energy intensive scenarios are only economically viable when market failure (externalities) is taken into account. Further, counties with varying energy potential and population density will experience variation in impacts. The following two chapters are based on a discrete choice experiment survey conducted in New Mexico in 2017. The second chapter estimates people’s willingness to pay (WTP) for renewable energy, particularly solar energy. Results suggest that respondents support an increased renewable portfolio standard solar requirement and they have a positive marginal WTP for rooftop solar and smart meter installation. These values are impacted by several factors, including location, environmental worldview, and proximity to solar. We observe a distance decay effect on respondents’ marginal WTP for different solar plans. As there are often questions conce

artagena de Indias (Colombia) has remained the third city in the country where the largest proportion of national tourists converge, also presenting a growing increase in international tourist arrivals. To continue on this growth path, the local government and businessmen must concentrate their efforts on monitoring and increasing the satisfaction of tourists, in order to attract new visitors and retain those who have already visited the city. In this sense, the present work aims to show the results of the assessment of service quality in the city, based on the products and services offered and the identification of their attributes, in order to design recommendations and strategies that point to the improvement of the service in the destination, its promotion and image. This was achieved through the determination of the key factors of your stay and the intention of new visits by applying a structural equation model, establishing significant relationships between attributes and identifying the key elements that affect satisfaction. To carry out the study, 384 definitive surveys were applied to national tourists during the year-end season (2017-2018) that allowed the validation of the proposed model, with general conditions that will facilitate the evaluation of the Cartagena tourist service. It is concluded that the dimensions such as empathy, responsiveness and tangibility have an influence on satisfaction. In turn, satisfaction turned out to be a determining aspect of the future intentions of the national tourist., Carthagène des Indes (Colombie) est restée la troisième ville du pays où converge la plus grande proportion de touristes nationaux, présentant également une augmentation croissante des arrivées de touristes internationaux. Pour continuer sur cette voie de croissance, le gouvernement local et les hommes d'affaires doivent concentrer leurs efforts sur le suivi et l'augmentation de la satisfaction des touristes, afin d'attirer de nouveaux visiteurs et de fidéliser ceux qui ont déjà visité la ville. En ce sens, le présent travail vise à montrer les résultats de l'évaluation de la qualité de service dans la ville, sur la base des produits et services offerts et l'identification de leurs attributs, afin de concevoir des recommandations et des stratégies qui pointent vers l'amélioration de la service dans la destination, sa promotion et son image. Cela a été réalisé grâce à la détermination des facteurs clés de votre séjour et à l'intention de nouvelles visites en appliquant un modèle d'équation structurelle, en établissant des relations significatives entre les attributs et en identifiant les éléments clés qui affectent la satisfaction. Pour mener à bien l'étude, 384 enquêtes définitives ont été appliquées aux touristes nationaux au cours de la saison de fin d'année (2017-2018) qui ont permis la validation du modèle proposé, avec des conditions générales qui faciliteront l'évaluation du service touristique de Carthagène. Il est conclu que les dimensions telles que l'empathie, la réactivité et la tangibilité ont une influence sur la satisfaction. À son tour, la satisfaction s'est avérée être un aspect déterminant des intentions futures du tourisme national., Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) se ha mantenido como la tercera ciudad del país donde convergen la mayor proporción de turistas nacionales, presentando, además, un creciente aumento en las llegadas de turistas internacionales. Para continuar con esta ruta de crecimiento, el gobierno local y empresarios deben concentrar sus esfuerzos en vigilar e incrementar la satisfacción de los turistas, con el fin de atraer nuevos visitantes y fidelizar a aquellos que ya han visitado la ciudad. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar los resultados de la valoración de la calidad del servicio en la ciudad, a partir de los productos y servicios ofrecidos y la identificación de sus atributos, con el fin de diseñar recomendaciones y estrategias que apunten al mejoramiento del servicio en el destino, su promoción e imagen. Lo anterior se logró través de la determinación de los factores clave de su estadía e intenciones de nuevas visitas mediante la aplicación de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, estableciendo relaciones significativas entre atributos e identificando los elementos clave que afectan la satisfacción. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se aplicaron 384 encuestas definitivas a turistas nacionales, durante la temporada de fin de año (2017-2018) que permitieron la validación del modelo propuesto, con condiciones generales que facilitarán la evaluación del servicio turístico de Cartagena. Se concluye que las dimensiones como empatía, capacidad de respuesta y tangibilidad tienen influencia en la satisfacción. A su vez, la satisfacción resultó ser un aspecto determinante de las intenciones futuras del turista nacional.

The main objective of the article is to determine the impact of remit-tances on the economic growth of the regions in Colombia, taking into account the panel data structure for the period 2009-2016. We use the data of international remittance income from the Banco de la República and the Gross Domestic Product of the Colombian regions published by the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), from which econometric equations are assessed using the estimator of fixed effects corrected by autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity for pa-nel data. The results show a positive and significant effect of remittan-ces on regional economic growth., O principal objetivo do artigo é determinar o impacto das remessas sobre o crescimento econômico das regiões da Colômbia, levando em conta o painel de estrutura de dados 2009-2016. São utilizados os da-dos de renda das remessas internacionais do Banco da República e do produto interno bruto das regiões colombianas, publicados pelo Depar-tamento Administrativo Nacional de Estatística (DANE), a partir dos quais as equações econométricas são avaliadas por meio do estimador de efeitos fixos. corrigido por autocorrelação e heterocedasticidade para dados em painel. Os resultados mostram um efeito positivo e significa-tivo das remessas no crescimento econômico regional, El objetivo principal del artículo es determinar el impacto de las re-mesas sobre el crecimiento económico de las regiones en Colombia, teniendo en cuenta la estructura de datos panel 2009-2016. Se usan los datos de ingresos por remesas internacionales del Banco de la Repúbli-ca y el producto interno bruto de las regiones colombianas publicado por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), a partir de los cuales se evalúan ecuaciones econométricas mediante el estimador de efectos fijos corregidos por autocorrelación y heteroce-dasticidad para datos panel. Los resultados muestran un efecto positivo y significativo de las remesas en el crecimiento económico regional.

A structural decomposition technique is proposed in order to break down the labor income of men and women in four regions of Mexico, and is linked to a final demand expansion, into three effects: national, regional and technological. The results suggest that labor income multipliers for women are relatively high in services. Government consumption tends to benefit the income of women more, whereas the expansion in investment tends to favor the income of men more. Regional gender equality indices are not sensitive to expansions in the final demand., É proposta uma técnica de decomposição estrutural que permite descompor o ingresso no mercado de trabalho de homens e mulheres em quatro regiões do México, vinculado a uma expansão na demanda final em três efeitos: nacional, regional e tecnológico. Os resultados indicam que os multiplicadores do ingresso das mulheres são relativamente altos no setor de serviços. O consumo do Governo é o que impacta mais no ingresso das mulheres; por outro lado, a expansão do investimento favorece mais o ingresso dos homens. Os índices de igualdade de gênero regionais são pouco sensíveis a expansões na demanda final., Se propone una técnica de descomposición estructural que permite descomponer el ingreso laboral de hombres y mujeres en cuatro regiones de México, vinculado a una expansión en la demanda final en tres efectos: nacional, regional y tecnológico. Los resultados indican que los multiplicadores del ingreso de las mujeres son relativamente altos en servicios. El consumo del Gobierno es el que impacta más el ingreso de las mujeres; en cambio, la expansión de la inversión favorece más el ingreso de los hombres. Los índices de equidad de género regionales son poco sensibles a expansiones en la demanda final.

This thesis will address the economic development of countries from the strategic perspective of the United States, and consider how this development will progress overlaid in the context of the Chinese framework for the projection of national power. Using an inter-disciplinary approach, this research will synthesize sources on national security policy and economics, while seeking a Christian apologetic framework to answer these questions: How can the United States promote the economic development of countries in the Asia-Pacific region using a biblical economic-development model, as a part of its national strategy? This thesis focuses on some of the political and socio-economic ideas which catalyze economic development, explaining how these ideas can be strategically promoted by the US government: using the vehicle of civil-society initiatives in economically under-developed strategic-partner countries to foster economic development and securing their autonomy from emerging hegemonic powers.

artagena de Indias (Colombia) has remained the third city in the country where the largest proportion of national tourists converge, also presenting a growing increase in international tourist arrivals. To continue on this growth path, the local government and businessmen must concentrate their efforts on monitoring and increasing the satisfaction of tourists, in order to attract new visitors and retain those who have already visited the city. In this sense, the present work aims to show the results of the assessment of service quality in the city, based on the products and services offered and the identification of their attributes, in order to design recommendations and strategies that point to the improvement of the service in the destination, its promotion and image. This was achieved through the determination of the key factors of your stay and the intention of new visits by applying a structural equation model, establishing significant relationships between attributes and identifying the key elements that affect satisfaction. To carry out the study, 384 definitive surveys were applied to national tourists during the year-end season (2017-2018) that allowed the validation of the proposed model, with general conditions that will facilitate the evaluation of the Cartagena tourist service. It is concluded that the dimensions such as empathy, responsiveness and tangibility have an influence on satisfaction. In turn, satisfaction turned out to be a determining aspect of the future intentions of the national tourist., Carthagène des Indes (Colombie) est restée la troisième ville du pays où converge la plus grande proportion de touristes nationaux, présentant également une augmentation croissante des arrivées de touristes internationaux. Pour continuer sur cette voie de croissance, le gouvernement local et les hommes d'affaires doivent concentrer leurs efforts sur le suivi et l'augmentation de la satisfaction des touristes, afin d'attirer de nouveaux visiteurs et de fidéliser ceux qui ont déjà visité la ville. En ce sens, le présent travail vise à montrer les résultats de l'évaluation de la qualité de service dans la ville, sur la base des produits et services offerts et l'identification de leurs attributs, afin de concevoir des recommandations et des stratégies qui pointent vers l'amélioration de la service dans la destination, sa promotion et son image. Cela a été réalisé grâce à la détermination des facteurs clés de votre séjour et à l'intention de nouvelles visites en appliquant un modèle d'équation structurelle, en établissant des relations significatives entre les attributs et en identifiant les éléments clés qui affectent la satisfaction. Pour mener à bien l'étude, 384 enquêtes définitives ont été appliquées aux touristes nationaux au cours de la saison de fin d'année (2017-2018) qui ont permis la validation du modèle proposé, avec des conditions générales qui faciliteront l'évaluation du service touristique de Carthagène. Il est conclu que les dimensions telles que l'empathie, la réactivité et la tangibilité ont une influence sur la satisfaction. À son tour, la satisfaction s'est avérée être un aspect déterminant des intentions futures du tourisme national., Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) se ha mantenido como la tercera ciudad del país donde convergen la mayor proporción de turistas nacionales, presentando, además, un creciente aumento en las llegadas de turistas internacionales. Para continuar con esta ruta de crecimiento, el gobierno local y empresarios deben concentrar sus esfuerzos en vigilar e incrementar la satisfacción de los turistas, con el fin de atraer nuevos visitantes y fidelizar a aquellos que ya han visitado la ciudad. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar los resultados de la valoración de la calidad del servicio en la ciudad, a partir de los productos y servicios ofrecidos y la identificación de sus atributos, con el fin de diseñar recomendaciones y estrategias que apunten al mejoramiento del servicio en el destino, su promoción e imagen. Lo anterior se logró través de la determinación de los factores clave de su estadía e intenciones de nuevas visitas mediante la aplicación de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, estableciendo relaciones significativas entre atributos e identificando los elementos clave que afectan la satisfacción. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se aplicaron 384 encuestas definitivas a turistas nacionales, durante la temporada de fin de año (2017-2018) que permitieron la validación del modelo propuesto, con condiciones generales que facilitarán la evaluación del servicio turístico de Cartagena. Se concluye que las dimensiones como empatía, capacidad de respuesta y tangibilidad tienen influencia en la satisfacción. A su vez, la satisfacción resultó ser un aspecto determinante de las intenciones futuras del turista nacional.

The main objective of the article is to determine the impact of remit-tances on the economic growth of the regions in Colombia, taking into account the panel data structure for the period 2009-2016. We use the data of international remittance income from the Banco de la República and the Gross Domestic Product of the Colombian regions published by the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), from which econometric equations are assessed using the estimator of fixed effects corrected by autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity for pa-nel data. The results show a positive and significant effect of remittan-ces on regional economic growth., O principal objetivo do artigo é determinar o impacto das remessas sobre o crescimento econômico das regiões da Colômbia, levando em conta o painel de estrutura de dados 2009-2016. São utilizados os da-dos de renda das remessas internacionais do Banco da República e do produto interno bruto das regiões colombianas, publicados pelo Depar-tamento Administrativo Nacional de Estatística (DANE), a partir dos quais as equações econométricas são avaliadas por meio do estimador de efeitos fixos. corrigido por autocorrelação e heterocedasticidade para dados em painel. Os resultados mostram um efeito positivo e significa-tivo das remessas no crescimento econômico regional, El objetivo principal del artículo es determinar el impacto de las re-mesas sobre el crecimiento económico de las regiones en Colombia, teniendo en cuenta la estructura de datos panel 2009-2016. Se usan los datos de ingresos por remesas internacionales del Banco de la Repúbli-ca y el producto interno bruto de las regiones colombianas publicado por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), a partir de los cuales se evalúan ecuaciones econométricas mediante el estimador de efectos fijos corregidos por autocorrelación y heteroce-dasticidad para datos panel. Los resultados muestran un efecto positivo y significativo de las remesas en el crecimiento económico regional.

A structural decomposition technique is proposed in order to break down the labor income of men and women in four regions of Mexico, and is linked to a final demand expansion, into three effects: national, regional and technological. The results suggest that labor income multipliers for women are relatively high in services. Government consumption tends to benefit the income of women more, whereas the expansion in investment tends to favor the income of men more. Regional gender equality indices are not sensitive to expansions in the final demand., É proposta uma técnica de decomposição estrutural que permite descompor o ingresso no mercado de trabalho de homens e mulheres em quatro regiões do México, vinculado a uma expansão na demanda final em três efeitos: nacional, regional e tecnológico. Os resultados indicam que os multiplicadores do ingresso das mulheres são relativamente altos no setor de serviços. O consumo do Governo é o que impacta mais no ingresso das mulheres; por outro lado, a expansão do investimento favorece mais o ingresso dos homens. Os índices de igualdade de gênero regionais são pouco sensíveis a expansões na demanda final., Se propone una técnica de descomposición estructural que permite descomponer el ingreso laboral de hombres y mujeres en cuatro regiones de México, vinculado a una expansión en la demanda final en tres efectos: nacional, regional y tecnológico. Los resultados indican que los multiplicadores del ingreso de las mujeres son relativamente altos en servicios. El consumo del Gobierno es el que impacta más el ingreso de las mujeres; en cambio, la expansión de la inversión favorece más el ingreso de los hombres. Los índices de equidad de género regionales son poco sensibles a expansiones en la demanda final.

artagena de Indias (Colombia) has remained the third city in the country where the largest proportion of national tourists converge, also presenting a growing increase in international tourist arrivals. To continue on this growth path, the local government and businessmen must concentrate their efforts on monitoring and increasing the satisfaction of tourists, in order to attract new visitors and retain those who have already visited the city. In this sense, the present work aims to show the results of the assessment of service quality in the city, based on the products and services offered and the identification of their attributes, in order to design recommendations and strategies that point to the improvement of the service in the destination, its promotion and image. This was achieved through the determination of the key factors of your stay and the intention of new visits by applying a structural equation model, establishing significant relationships between attributes and identifying the key elements that affect satisfaction. To carry out the study, 384 definitive surveys were applied to national tourists during the year-end season (2017-2018) that allowed the validation of the proposed model, with general conditions that will facilitate the evaluation of the Cartagena tourist service. It is concluded that the dimensions such as empathy, responsiveness and tangibility have an influence on satisfaction. In turn, satisfaction turned out to be a determining aspect of the future intentions of the national tourist., Carthagène des Indes (Colombie) est restée la troisième ville du pays où converge la plus grande proportion de touristes nationaux, présentant également une augmentation croissante des arrivées de touristes internationaux. Pour continuer sur cette voie de croissance, le gouvernement local et les hommes d'affaires doivent concentrer leurs efforts sur le suivi et l'augmentation de la satisfaction des touristes, afin d'attirer de nouveaux visiteurs et de fidéliser ceux qui ont déjà visité la ville. En ce sens, le présent travail vise à montrer les résultats de l'évaluation de la qualité de service dans la ville, sur la base des produits et services offerts et l'identification de leurs attributs, afin de concevoir des recommandations et des stratégies qui pointent vers l'amélioration de la service dans la destination, sa promotion et son image. Cela a été réalisé grâce à la détermination des facteurs clés de votre séjour et à l'intention de nouvelles visites en appliquant un modèle d'équation structurelle, en établissant des relations significatives entre les attributs et en identifiant les éléments clés qui affectent la satisfaction. Pour mener à bien l'étude, 384 enquêtes définitives ont été appliquées aux touristes nationaux au cours de la saison de fin d'année (2017-2018) qui ont permis la validation du modèle proposé, avec des conditions générales qui faciliteront l'évaluation du service touristique de Carthagène. Il est conclu que les dimensions telles que l'empathie, la réactivité et la tangibilité ont une influence sur la satisfaction. À son tour, la satisfaction s'est avérée être un aspect déterminant des intentions futures du tourisme national., Cartagena de Indias (Colombia) se ha mantenido como la tercera ciudad del país donde convergen la mayor proporción de turistas nacionales, presentando, además, un creciente aumento en las llegadas de turistas internacionales. Para continuar con esta ruta de crecimiento, el gobierno local y empresarios deben concentrar sus esfuerzos en vigilar e incrementar la satisfacción de los turistas, con el fin de atraer nuevos visitantes y fidelizar a aquellos que ya han visitado la ciudad. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar los resultados de la valoración de la calidad del servicio en la ciudad, a partir de los productos y servicios ofrecidos y la identificación de sus atributos, con el fin de diseñar recomendaciones y estrategias que apunten al mejoramiento del servicio en el destino, su promoción e imagen. Lo anterior se logró través de la determinación de los factores clave de su estadía e intenciones de nuevas visitas mediante la aplicación de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, estableciendo relaciones significativas entre atributos e identificando los elementos clave que afectan la satisfacción. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se aplicaron 384 encuestas definitivas a turistas nacionales, durante la temporada de fin de año (2017-2018) que permitieron la validación del modelo propuesto, con condiciones generales que facilitarán la evaluación del servicio turístico de Cartagena. Se concluye que las dimensiones como empatía, capacidad de respuesta y tangibilidad tienen influencia en la satisfacción. A su vez, la satisfacción resultó ser un aspecto determinante de las intenciones futuras del turista nacional.

National parks have recently seen increased visitation demand. Glacier National Park is located in an area where changes in weather and climate will occur at an accelerated rate. Changes in fire and precipitation regimes are taking place at a time when Glacier National Park is setting new visitation records. This paper uses regression and forecast models to investigate the changing landscape of park visitation. Findings suggest important impacts to monthly visitation and cycling on Going-to-the-Sun Road in Glacier National Park are associated with forest fire activity and precipitation. The conclusions of this paper support perceptions about the effect natural occurrences have on park use and help give direction to actions that Glacier National Park can take to keep visitation high and promote efficient use of park facilities. Economic prosperity in communities around Glacier National Park relies on successful park operation bringing a seasonal influx of visitors each year. Adapting park planning to unpredictable natural events as well as forces outside the park will facilitate efficient use of resources in and around Glacier National Park.

This study aims to analyse the determinants of income for poor workers concerning social demographic variables. Social demographic variables are the most likely determinants in affecting the income level of working poor in which variable age, marital status, employment, and the number of family members have strongly significant impacts. Of the goals of study is to estimation results which are highly relevant to the government's task to accelerate economic growth and to effectively implement family planning programs in encouraging the delay of marriage age and population control.

The paper focuses on the mutual interaction between export from Turkey to Central Asian and Turkic Republics (the CATRs) and exported product range. For measuring the range of exported products, we use economic complexity index (ECI) that refers to the knowledge intensity accumulated in the country's exported products. In addition, ECI provides information regarding the countries' export structures and income levels. We explore how export levels of Turkey and the CATRs, which have common religion and ethnicity, and the countries' ECI scores interact with each other. In this regard, we demonstrate how export affects the countries' ECI for both the CATRs and Turkey. For this purpose, we study the possible relationship between mutual trade volume and the countries' ECI scores by employing Westerlund's cointegration analysis, Pooled Mean Group Estimator (PMGE) model and Dumitrescu-Hurlin's panel causality method. We used the data on the researched countries for the period from 1996 to 2015 collected from official web sites. We have found that export from Turkey to the CATRs and Turkey's ECI scores have a long-term relationship. Additionally, there is a unidirectional causality relationship from Turkey's export to the CATRs to Turkey's ECI score and from the CATRs' ECI scores to the CATRs' export to Turkey. To sum up, our findings support the hypothesis that higher trade volume between Turkey and the CATRs increases the export of complex products for both sides. Based on the results, stronger mutual trade relations increase the total gain not only for Turkey but for the CATRs, too. Lastly, in future studies, we plan to cover all Post-Soviet countries and reveal the relations between bilateral trade and the range of exported products. © 2019 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

In de Regionale Energie Strategie wordt de regionale warmtevraag en beschikbaarheid van (duurzame) bronnen in kaart gebracht. Ook wordt inzicht gegeven in de huidige en gewenste toekomstige infrastructuur. Transitievisie Warmte die elke gemeente voor het einde van 2021 moet vaststellen. Verder zijn in het Ontwerp Klimaatakkoord afspraken gemaakt over de verduurzaming van verschillende warmtebronnen en elektriciteit.

This dissertation is an assessment of market and non-market valuation of renewable energy, specifically within the electricity sector. It contributes to the energy and economics literature through a battery of three chapters. This dissertation utilizes New Mexico as a case study, which is an economically poor and natural-resource rich state that produces and consumes electricity in the southwestern United States. It is also one of the four states that have adopted a policy for 100% clean energy by 2045. The first chapter models state- and county-level economic (e.g., employment, economic output, etc.) and environmental (e.g., externality, health impact, water use, greenhouse gases, etc.) impacts of the switch from fossil fuel generation to renewables on a state’s economy. This chapter provides a roadmap of how to measure the economic and environmental impacts of different energy scenarios by integrating various methodologies such as econometrics, GIS, and input-output into a unique system dynamics model. Findings from this chapter suggest that renewable energy intensive scenarios are only economically viable when market failure (externalities) is taken into account. Further, counties with varying energy potential and population density will experience variation in impacts. The following two chapters are based on a discrete choice experiment survey conducted in New Mexico in 2017. The second chapter estimates people’s willingness to pay (WTP) for renewable energy, particularly solar energy. Results suggest that respondents support an increased renewable portfolio standard solar requirement and they have a positive marginal WTP for rooftop solar and smart meter installation. These values are impacted by several factors, including location, environmental worldview, and proximity to solar. We observe a distance decay effect on respondents’ marginal WTP for different solar plans. As there are often questions conce

A structural decomposition technique is proposed in order to break down the labor income of men and women in four regions of Mexico, and is linked to a final demand expansion, into three effects: national, regional and technological. The results suggest that labor income multipliers for women are relatively high in services. Government consumption tends to benefit the income of women more, whereas the expansion in investment tends to favor the income of men more. Regional gender equality indices are not sensitive to expansions in the final demand., Se propone una técnica de descomposición estructural que permite descomponer el ingreso laboral de hombres y mujeres en cuatro regiones de México, vinculado a una expansión en la demanda final en tres efectos: nacional, regional y tecnológico. Los resultados indican que los multiplicadores del ingreso de las mujeres son relativamente altos en servicios. El consumo del Gobierno es el que impacta más el ingreso de las mujeres; en cambio, la expansión de la inversión favorece más el ingreso de los hombres. Los índices de equidad de género regionales son poco sensibles a expansiones en la demanda final., É proposta uma técnica de decomposição estrutural que permite descompor o ingresso no mercado de trabalho de homens e mulheres em quatro regiões do México, vinculado a uma expansão na demanda final em três efeitos: nacional, regional e tecnológico. Os resultados indicam que os multiplicadores do ingresso das mulheres são relativamente altos no setor de serviços. O consumo do Governo é o que impacta mais no ingresso das mulheres; por outro lado, a expansão do investimento favorece mais o ingresso dos homens. Os índices de igualdade de gênero regionais são pouco sensíveis a expansões na demanda final.

This thesis will address the economic development of countries from the strategic perspective of the United States, and consider how this development will progress overlaid in the context of the Chinese framework for the projection of national power. Using an inter-disciplinary approach, this research will synthesize sources on national security policy and economics, while seeking a Christian apologetic framework to answer these questions: How can the United States promote the economic development of countries in the Asia-Pacific region using a biblical economic-development model, as a part of its national strategy? This thesis focuses on some of the political and socio-economic ideas which catalyze economic development, explaining how these ideas can be strategically promoted by the US government: using the vehicle of civil-society initiatives in economically under-developed strategic-partner countries to foster economic development and securing their autonomy from emerging hegemonic powers.

This dissertation contains three distinct empirical chapters in applied energy and environmental economics. Each chapter focuses on a unique set of research questions, methods, and data. The unifying motivation therein concerns the development of renewable or alternative low-carbon energy sources as a policy response to the challenges of climate change mitigation, local and regional environmental quality issues, and energy security concerns. Economic and environmental evaluation of the energy policies coupled with understanding energy use patterns is of paramount importance. Together, the empirical chapters focus on demand, supply, and policy aspects of energy markets in the United States (US). First, Chapter 2 evaluates the impacts of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) on renewable electricity capacity. RPS is a state-level policy that requires electricity suppliers to include a certain proportion (or quantity) of renewable electricity in their total electricity sales over a specified time period. The chapter employs a fixed-effects panel regression model and a spatial econometric methodology using panel data spanning 47 states between 1990 and 2014. Thus, and importantly, the analyses incorporate salient spatial and temporal heterogeneities of RPS (i.e., varying RPS features across states and years). The results illustrate that the RPS has driven a 194 MW increase in overall renewable capacity (representing more than one third of the average electricity capacity developed between 1990 and 2014 in 47 states). The results also suggest that the impacts of RPS, while exhibiting spatial dependencies, vary depending on the renewable energy source. RPS positively impacts renewable electricity capacity, the share of renewable electricity capacity in total electricity capacity, as well as the shares of solar and wind capacity in total electricity capacity (the impacts become 1.3 times larger for solar and about two thirds fold larger for wind with reference t

My dissertation consists of three essays on U.S. regional economics. The aim of the research is to understand the variations in economic outcomes across regions and how those persistent differences can be reduced. In particular, I study the geographic patterns and the determinants of internal migration, and examine the development of social capital. In the first chapter, I document U.S. internal migration between the period from 1960-2000 using a newly collected data set. I find that the recent decline in migration is driven by lower migration across states, while within state migration has increased during the observed periods. To explain this, I use a gravity framework and estimate the effect of state borders on migration flows. I find that the border effect is strongly significant, and within state migration is 3.2 times higher than across state migration. Furthermore, the border effect has increased from 2.7 in 1960 to 3.6 in 2000. I show that the differences in social and economic characteristics between areas contribute to a larger state border effect, and the increase of the border effect over time is associated with the rising differences in house prices as states implement more restrictive land use regulations. I find that this is due to lower in-migration in states that are highly regulated in land uses. For high income destinations, the rise in regulations can explain all of the increase in the border effect. In the second chapter, I examine the effect of political differences on migration decisions and provide empirical evidences of partisan geographic sorting among American migrants. Using presidential election returns and the same migration data for the period from 1960-2000, I show that political differences between areas decrease migration, as Americans prefer to live in areas with similar ideology and political views. I find that there are a lower number of migrants between places that supported different political parties, and migration flows decre

This article aims to provide knowledge, from the human development perspective, on regional convergence for the municipalities of the Department of Meta, Colombia. In order to determine whether the gap between the municipalities of Meta has tended to decrease or increase under the guidelines of the neoclassical theory of convergence and with a spatial approach, we use information available from the National Planning Department, the National Statistics Department, the Ministry of Health and the National Institute for Education Assessment Icfes. We found evidence of regional convergence for health, income and education indicators, as well as progress in human development. However, much remains to be done to ensure that the inhabitants of Meta achieve full development of their capacities, as development has been unequal., El presente artículo tiene como objetivo aportar conocimientos, desde el enfoque del desarrollo humano, sobre convergencia regional para los municipios del departamento del Meta, Colombia. Con el fin de determinar si la brecha entre los municipios de este departamento tiende a disminuir o a aumentar bajo los lineamientos de la teoría neoclásica de la convergencia con un enfoque espacial, se utilizó la información disponible del Departamento Nacional de Planeación, el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, el Ministerio de Salud y el Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluación de la Educación Icfes. Se encontró evidencia de convergencia regional para los indicadores de salud, ingresos y educación, así como avances en materia de desarrollo humano. Sin embargo, falta mucho para lograr que los habitantes del Meta alcancen el pleno desarrollo de sus capacidades, pues éste ha sido desigual.

En los países donde existe un elevado grado de descentralización administrativa, la dimensión regional cobra especial relevancia, dada la existencia de interacciones entre la actividad de las regiones o de posibles impactos asimétricos de las perturbaciones macroeconómicas que afectan al conjunto del país. Sin embargo, al mismo tiempo, el análisis de la evolución a corto plazo de la economía y de las finanzas públicas a escala regional tiende a estar restringido en muchos países, dadas las limitaciones existentes de disponibilidad de datos de alta frecuencia. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente documento es ofrecer una perspectiva general de los datos disponibles para el seguimiento de la evolución económica y de las finanzas públicas a escala regional (autonómica) en España, y presentar algunos ejemplos de su uso práctico en tiempo real. Tras una exhaustiva revisión de la información disponible, identificamos dos lagunas de información en el área del análisis coyuntural: i) la falta de una estadística trimestral oficial y homogénea que mida la actividad económica agregada a escala regional (en particular, el PIB real), y ii) el limitado tamaño muestral de las series temporales relativas a la evolución de las finanzas públicas a escala autonómica, In highly decentralized countries the subnational dimension of economic developments acquires particular relevance, given the existence of potential spillover effects across jurisdictions or the existence of asymmetric impacts of national-wide macroeconomic shocks. At the same time, though, the analysis of sub-national macroeconomic and public finance short-term developments tend to be restricted in many countries due to data limitations. Against this backdrop, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the available data for monitoring macroeconomic and public finance developments at the regional level in Spain, and to present some examples of its practical use in real time. After a thoroughly review of the publicly available information, we identify two key informational gaps in this area of conjunctural analysis, namely: (i) the lack of homogeneous and official quarterly measures of aggregate regional economic activity (in particular, real GDP), and (ii) the limited sample size of time series pertaining to government budgetary developments at the regional level

This article aims to provide knowledge, from the human development perspective, on regional convergence for the municipalities of the Department of Meta, Colombia. In order to determine whether the gap between the municipalities of Meta has tended to decrease or increase under the guidelines of the neoclassical theory of convergence and with a spatial approach, we use information available from the National Planning Department, the National Statistics Department, the Ministry of Health and the National Institute for Education Assessment Icfes. We found evidence of regional convergence for health, income and education indicators, as well as progress in human development. However, much remains to be done to ensure that the inhabitants of Meta achieve full development of their capacities, as development has been unequal., El presente artículo tiene como objetivo aportar conocimientos, desde el enfoque del desarrollo humano, sobre convergencia regional para los municipios del departamento del Meta, Colombia. Con el fin de determinar si la brecha entre los municipios de este departamento tiende a disminuir o a aumentar bajo los lineamientos de la teoría neoclásica de la convergencia con un enfoque espacial, se utilizó la información disponible del Departamento Nacional de Planeación, el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, el Ministerio de Salud y el Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluación de la Educación Icfes. Se encontró evidencia de convergencia regional para los indicadores de salud, ingresos y educación, así como avances en materia de desarrollo humano. Sin embargo, falta mucho para lograr que los habitantes del Meta alcancen el pleno desarrollo de sus capacidades, pues éste ha sido desigual.

As rural communities began seeing increased rates of growth following the rural rebound of the 1970’s, many studies have examined the causes and consequences of this shift through the lens of regional amenities and migration trends. Additionally, as development patterns have moved outwards from concentrated growth in urban areas to sprawling development at the rural-urban fringe, many studies have examined the locations of rural development in relation to open space and the amenities it provides. However, examinations of the relationship between these two processes have been severely lacking in the field of land use studies, despite widespread acknowledgement that the scale of analysis influences observed patterns and conclusions reached. Therefore, this analysis implements a multilevel random intercept probit model relating fine-scale development patterns to natural amenities and accessibility characteristics measured at that level, as well as community-wide measures of natural amenities, accessibility, and socioeconomic characteristics. In doing so, this analysis finds a number of natural amenities that significantly influence which communities see development, amenities that influence where that development occurs around communities, as well as some amenities that play significant roles in both processes. Furthermore, the findings presented here suggest that natural amenities have a stronger influence on development in New West communities as well as less remote communities. Combined, these results provide important insights for rural communities trying to capitalize on the benefits of economic growth while conserving the ecological integrity of the landscape that is driving that growth.

Fire prevention managers find that homeowners often do not perform mitigation actions that could reduce the damage and spread of wildfire. There is widespread belief among these fire professionals that one of the primary reasons that homeowners do not perform mitigation actions is that homeowners misperceive the risk that wildfire poses. Thus, a significant component of fire prevention programs’ focus on increasing homeowner awareness of the risk. However, it is possible that homeowners are aware of the fire risk but choose not to mitigate because of a variety of reasons, to include the costs of mitigation, limited monetary liability that they have after they insure the property, or doubts about the benefits of mitigation. I combine survey data obtained from Montana property owners with simulated fire probabilities for their parcels to test whether homeowners who report greater concern about the risk of fire conduct more mitigation activities. Using an instrumental variable approach, I find that increased homeowner concern about the risk of wildfire causes them to conduct significantly more mitigation activities.

Labour market integration is an important subject. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between tourism-specialization and labour market integration and the influence from regional differences. This paper is the first to especially focus on the factor tourism-specializations relationship with labour market integration. The study is primarily based on theories regarding unemployment and tourism and the method that will be used is cross-sectional ordinary least squares. The findings show there are regional differences and that tourism-specialization has a positive relationship with labour market integration in urban division and not in the rural and semi-rural divisions. These findings can be used by policymakers in their decisions regarding future investments in labour market integration.

The article investigates the major determinants of total factor productivity of Russian regions, in particular, the role of spillovers and agglomeration effects. Agglomeration effects are found to be important in regions located in the European part of Russia and in regions with low shares of extraction in the gross regional product (GRP): employment density in such regions turns out to be a significant factor determining total factor productivity. At the same time, neither employment density nor the degree of urbanization affects regions’ sensitivities to spillovers of total factor productivity from other regions — instead, these sensitivities depend only on the sizes of regional capitals and on shares of credit in GRP. This suggests that firms from regions with large capitals and high shares of credit in GRP are more actively expanding into neighboring regions: through their linkages with local firms in host regions, they may create positive correlations between total factor productivities in such host regions and their home regions. The analysis is based on methods of spatial econometrics — namely, the spatial lag and spatial error models with constant and variable spatial coefficients. The estimation is performed with maximum likelihood. © 2018 Institute of Economics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences., Проанализированы факторы, влияющие на совокупную факторную производительность российских регионов. Дана оценка базовой модели пространственных лагов. Представлены результаты оценивания моделей с переменным коэффициентом при пространственной матрице.

Labour market integration is an important subject. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between tourism-specialization and labour market integration and the influence from regional differences. This paper is the first to especially focus on the factor tourism-specializations relationship with labour market integration. The study is primarily based on theories regarding unemployment and tourism and the method that will be used is cross-sectional ordinary least squares. The findings show there are regional differences and that tourism-specialization has a positive relationship with labour market integration in urban division and not in the rural and semi-rural divisions. These findings can be used by policymakers in their decisions regarding future investments in labour market integration.

Бібліографічний покажчик наукових праць співробітників Житомирського національного агроекологічного університету, випуск четвертий, присвячений 95-річчю з дня заснування університету. Покажчик відображає наукові та навчально-методичні роботи, опубліковані протягом 2007–2017 рр. і є продовженням трьох попередніх бібліографічних покажчиків наукових праць співробітників університету. Бібліографія охоплює: книги, брошури, статті з періодичних, продовжуючих видань та наукових збірників, авторські свідоцтва, патенти, автореферати дисертацій, інформаційні листки, навчально-методичні видання як в друкованому так і в електронному вигляді., Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, the fourth issue, devoted to the 95th anniversary of the university foundation. The index reflects the scientific and methodological works published during the period of 2007–2017 years and is a continuation of the three previous bibliographic indexes of the scientific papers of the university staff. The bibliography covers: books, brochures, articles from periodicals, continuing editions and scientific collections, author's certificates, patents, abstracts of dissertations, information leaflets, educational and methodical publications both in print and in electronic form., Библиографический указатель научных трудов сотрудников Житомирского национального агроэкологического университета, выпуск четвертый, посвящен 95-летию со дня основания университета. Указатель содержит научные и учебно-методические работы, опубликованные в течение 2007–2017 гг. и является продолжением трех предыдущих библиографических указателей научных работ сотрудников университета. Библиография включает: книги, брошюры, статьи из периодических, продолженных изданий и научных сборников, авторские свидетельства, патенты, авторефераты диссертаций, информационные листки, учебно-методические издания как в печатном так и в электронном виде.

Бібліографічний покажчик наукових праць співробітників Житомирського національного агроекологічного університету, випуск четвертий, присвячений 95-річчю з дня заснування університету. Покажчик відображає наукові та навчально-методичні роботи, опубліковані протягом 2007–2017 рр. і є продовженням трьох попередніх бібліографічних покажчиків наукових праць співробітників університету. Бібліографія охоплює: книги, брошури, статті з періодичних, продовжуючих видань та наукових збірників, авторські свідоцтва, патенти, автореферати дисертацій, інформаційні листки, навчально-методичні видання як в друкованому так і в електронному вигляді., Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, the fourth issue, devoted to the 95th anniversary of the university foundation. The index reflects the scientific and methodological works published during the period of 2007–2017 years and is a continuation of the three previous bibliographic indexes of the scientific papers of the university staff. The bibliography covers: books, brochures, articles from periodicals, continuing editions and scientific collections, author's certificates, patents, abstracts of dissertations, information leaflets, educational and methodical publications both in print and in electronic form., Библиографический указатель научных трудов сотрудников Житомирского национального агроэкологического университета, выпуск четвертый, посвящен 95-летию со дня основания университета. Указатель содержит научные и учебно-методические работы, опубликованные в течение 2007–2017 гг. и является продолжением трех предыдущих библиографических указателей научных работ сотрудников университета. Библиография включает: книги, брошюры, статьи из периодических, продолженных изданий и научных сборников, авторские свидетельства, патенты, авторефераты диссертаций, информационные листки, учебно-методические издания как в печатном так и в электронном виде.

This dissertation contains three distinct empirical chapters in applied energy and environmental economics. Each chapter focuses on a unique set of research questions, methods, and data. The unifying motivation therein concerns the development of renewable or alternative low-carbon energy sources as a policy response to the challenges of climate change mitigation, local and regional environmental quality issues, and energy security concerns. Economic and environmental evaluation of the energy policies coupled with understanding energy use patterns is of paramount importance. Together, the empirical chapters focus on demand, supply, and policy aspects of energy markets in the United States (US). First, Chapter 2 evaluates the impacts of the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) on renewable electricity capacity. RPS is a state-level policy that requires electricity suppliers to include a certain proportion (or quantity) of renewable electricity in their total electricity sales over a specified time period. The chapter employs a fixed-effects panel regression model and a spatial econometric methodology using panel data spanning 47 states between 1990 and 2014. Thus, and importantly, the analyses incorporate salient spatial and temporal heterogeneities of RPS (i.e., varying RPS features across states and years). The results illustrate that the RPS has driven a 194 MW increase in overall renewable capacity (representing more than one third of the average electricity capacity developed between 1990 and 2014 in 47 states). The results also suggest that the impacts of RPS, while exhibiting spatial dependencies, vary depending on the renewable energy source. RPS positively impacts renewable electricity capacity, the share of renewable electricity capacity in total electricity capacity, as well as the shares of solar and wind capacity in total electricity capacity (the impacts become 1.3 times larger for solar and about two thirds fold larger for wind with reference t

Осуществляемые на текущий момент в Российской Федерации преобразования экономики, ее перевод на качественно новый, инновационный путь развития, усиление роли интеллектуального человеческого капитала, повышения качества жизни становятся невозможными без повышения эффективности институтов ипотечного кредитования и развитие региональных рынков доступного жилья. Стоит отметить тот факт, что приоритет в решении важнейшей социальной задачи по обеспечению населения жильем, принадлежит регионам, а региональная и локальная дифференциация рынка ипотечного жилищного кредитования сохраняется. Все вышеперечисленное и обусловило актуальность исследования вопроса ипотечного кредитования и его роли в инновационном развитии региона. В статье приведен анализ основных показателей ипотечного рынка и определены перспективы его развития. Также уделено внимание рассмотрению региональных и муниципальных жилищных проектов, а также банковских ипотечных программ. Цель работы: изучение регионального рынка ипотечного кредитования. Методы исследования: проводится анализ ипотечного рынка УрФО, его статистические данные. Результаты: представленный анализ демонстрирует роль ипотечного кредитования в иннова ционном развитии региона., Implemented at the moment in the Russian Federation transformation of the economy, its transfer to a new, innovative way of development, strengthening the role of intellectual human capital, improving the quality of life becomes impossible without improving institutions mortgage lending and the development of regional affordable housing markets. It is worth noting the fact that the pri ority in solving the most important social task of providing public housing, owned by the regions, and regional and local differenti ation of the market of mortgage lending is maintained. All of the above and determined the relevance of the study of the issue of mortgage lending and its role in innovative development of the region. The article presents the analysis of the main indicators of the mortgage market and perspectives of its d evelopment. Also attention is paid to consideration of regional and municipal housing projects, and Bank mortgage programs. Objective: study of the regional market of mortgage lending. Methods: conducting analysis of the mortgage market of the Ural Federal district, its statistics. Results: the presented analysis demonstrates the role of mortgage lending in the innovative development of the region.

This dissertation examines the relationship between resource nationalism and energy integration, and uses Bolivia and Brazil as a test case. Essentially, does resource nationalism affect energy integration? The findings nest within more expansive questions on international political economy and export-driven models of development. Why do populist regimes, historically operating under an economic nationalist cum protectionist paradigm, simultaneously pursue policies of economic integration? What is the relationship between resource nationalists and open markets, especially in the hydrocarbons sector? What is the relationship between populists, who are typically resource nationalists, and their decision to choose policies of energy integration? The most common responses to the above are that resource nationalists pursue protectionist policies in the hydrocarbon sector. This dissertation demonstrates that once in power, resource nationalists do not always pursue protectionist policies in the hydrocarbon sector, but instead rely on market forces. Another common response is that populists pursue policies of resource nationalism in the hydrocarbon sector. This dissertation demonstrates that populists do not always pursue policies of resource nationalism in the hydrocarbon sector, but instead choose policies of integration. Policies of integration are compelled by market forces, and at times ironically provide the foundation for resource nationalism to later flourish. This dissertation develops a case-study of Bolivia and Brazil to assess the relationship between resource nationalism and energy integration. The case is selected based on each country having energy resources or derivative products for exploitation and use, an energy trade relationship between the countries, the presence of government-run natural resource firms in each country, and a specific period where resource nationalism is present. Bolivia and Brazil are important for this study because of their proximi

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la presencia de procesos de convergencia Beta condicional en los departamentos colombianos en los años 2008 - 2016. Con este propósito introduce dos novedades en referencia con investigaciones afines -- Primero, hasta donde fue factible constatar, la literatura no ha documentado evidencia relacionada con el rol de las instituciones en los procesos de convergencia intrarregional en Colombia -- Segundo, se emplean técnicas de econometría espacial para datos de panel con el propósito de establecer los cambios en el ingreso per cápita y la capacidad institucional que ejerce un departamento sobre regiones limítrofes -- De esta manera, la presente investigación examina de cerca tres cuestiones fundamentales que han suscitado gran atención en los círculos académicos: la calidad institucional, los efectos espaciales y la causalidad entre el desarrollo institucional, el espacio y el crecimiento económico -- Los resultados obtenidos en la investigación permiten establecer tres conclusiones -- Primero, se obtiene evidencia estadística para inferir que los departamentos colombianos se mueven hacia un estado estacionario a una velocidad entre el 13 y el 16%, según el patrón espacial detectado -- Lo anterior sugiere que se requieren entre 4.33 y 5.33 años para cerrar en la mitad la brecha entre los departamentos de altos y bajos niveles de ingreso per cápita -- Segundo, la inclusión de los efectos espaciales e institucionales en la ecuación de convergencia muestra evidencia de efectos indirectos o spillovers geográficos del desempeño fiscal de una región sobre sus vecinos -Finalmente, bajo diferentes estimaciones, los resultados de la investigación no son concluyentes en el propósito de estimar convergencia tipo sigma en los años 2008 – 2016 en los departamentos colombianos

This article reviews the main existing empirical studies that reveal the factors of foreign direct investment attraction to the regions of Russia. The review describes the main methods, significant factors and key findings. Existing empirical research reveals that the most important factors in explaining the distribution of foreign direct investment in Russian regions are the sizes of the markets, the development of infrastructure, the availability of natural resources, indica­tors of socio-economic and institutional development., В статье проведен обзор основных существующих эмпирических исследований, выявляющих факторы привлечения прямых иностранных инвестиций в регионы России. В обзоре описаны основные методы, выявлены значимые факторы и основные выводы. Существующие эмпирические исследования выявляют, что наиболее важными факторами в объяснении распределения прямых иностранных инвестиций в регионах России являются размер рынка, развитие инфраструктуры, обеспеченность природными ресурсами, индикаторы социальноэкономического и институционального развития.

Although small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in the Vietnamese economy, this sector’s growth is hindered by low level of technology and innovation. This paper uses firm-level panel data to examine whether process innovation activities in SMEs are influenced by their industrial environments. It measures the effects that agglomeration, the geographic concentration of firms within the same locality, has on firms’ total outputs and their propensity to introduce new technology. Using a logistic model with firm fixed-effects, I find that agglomeration decreases outputs of informal firms and the likelihood of new technology introduction in all firms. However, there are evidence of positive lagged effects of agglomeration on innovation and heterogeneous effects across industries.

La valoración financiera de un proyecto a través de un Project Finance busca promover una iniciativa que desde el punto de vista financiero genere confiabilidad -- Se trata de un modelo de inversión que se basa en la obtención de flujo de caja que permite cubrir sin problemas los créditos otorgados para su ejecución lo cual garantiza la solvencia -- La construcción de un parque temático en el Meta busca generar un impacto positivo en la economía regional suponiendo el desarrollo de un sector no explorado a nivel departamental -- El panorama mundial y nacional muestra que este sector tiene un alto impacto económico cuando se organiza y desarrolla de forma estructurada y con una visión de competitividad y sostenibilidad en el tiempo -- Los estudios validan el alto crecimiento mundial y nacional de este sector y la proyección económica que genera la implementación de este tipo de turismo -- Hoy existen muchos documentos que hablan de los grandes beneficios que se generan al desarrollar un parque temático en una región, sumado a la cantidad de parques existentes -- Colombia cuenta con 400 parques de este tipo, destacándose 15 de ellos -- Sin embargo, para este estudio se tomará como referente el Parque Agroindustrial Panaca, que por su estructura tiene un modelo de funcionamiento similar a lo que se espera del parque que se construiría en el Departamento del Meta -- En este sentido, se realizará un modelo financiero que permita garantizar los flujos de caja y se demostrará la importancia que tiene hacer un modelo mixto con inversión pública y privada, teniendo en cuenta los montos de dicha inversión y la rentabilidad esperada en el proyecto, Financial valuation of a project through Project Finance seeks to promote an initiative that from a financial standpoint generates trustworthiness, the project finance is an investment model based on finding a cash flow that cover without problems the credits associated for its execution therefore warranting solvency, as for the construction of a theme park in the Department of Meta seeks to generate a positive impact in the regional economy assuming the development of a yet to explore level of the Department, world vision and national shows that this sector nas a high positive impact when is organized and developed in a structured manner with sight in competitiveness and time sustainability -- Studies show the high global and national growth of this sector and the economic projection that generates the implementation of this type of tourism -- Today there are many documents that show de great benefits that are generated when developing a theme park in a region, this added to the number of parks existing today, only Colombia has 400 parks of this type, with about 15 the most outstanding -- For this study will be based on the park called “Panaca”, which by its estructure has a model of operation similar to what expected from de park, a financial model will be made to guarantee cash flows and demonstrate the importance of a mixed model with public and private investment considering the amounts of such investment and the expected profitability in the project

Este artículo considera variables referentes a la criminalidad, la inversión privada y la producción agregada a nivel departamental en Colombia para el periodo 2002-2014, con el objetivo de encontrar las posibles relaciones entre las mismas -- La hipótesis a probar es que una disminución de la criminalidad (medida con un indicador ponderado), conlleva una mayor confianza para fomentar la inversión privada y, por consiguiente, aporta positivamente la producción agregada -- Para contrastar la hipótesis, se emplea un modelo de panel dinámico; los resultados obtenidos sustentan que sí existe una fuerte relación inversa entre el crimen y la inversión privada con la producción agregada; además se corrobora una fuerte relación directa entre la inversión privada y el PIB, This article considers variables about crime, private investment and gross domestic product at the departmental level in Colombia for the years 2002-2014, with the aim of finding possible relationships between them -- The hypothesis to be tested is that a decrease in crime (measured with a weighted indicator), brings more confidence to encourage investment and thus contribute positively aggregate output -- To test the hypothesis, a model of dynamic panel data was used where thrown results show that there is a strong inverse relationship between crime is employed, private investment and aggregate, in addition to corroborate a strong direct relationship between private investment and product production

Investigar sobre el ecosistema de emprendimiento en el departamento de Nariño ha permitido identificar aspectos a mejorar para ofrecer a los emprendedores condiciones que les permitan poner en marcha sus ideas de negocio, convirtiéndose en una alternativa para su desarrollo profesional y laboral; es importante tener en cuenta que el emprendimiento no solo beneficia a la persona que lo realiza, sino que también impacta la economía y el componente social del entorno donde se lleva a cabo, de ahí la importancia de la preparación de un proyecto para su fortalecimiento -- En el presente documento se expone el estado de los diferentes factores que componen el Ecosistema de Emprendimiento e Innovación TIC y que influyen, de manera directa, en la generación de nuevos emprendimientos y en el fortalecimiento de los ya existentes -- Para Nariño se determinó que dichos factores son: la política pública, la infraestructura (física y tecnológica), los mercados potenciales, la investigación aplicada, el talento humano y las instituciones de apoyo al emprendimiento -- Cada uno de estos aspectos fue analizado considerando la opinión de los principales actores de dicho ecosistema y a través de la revisión de fuentes secundarias de información, de tal manera que se presenta su estado actual evidenciando sus principales debilidades -- Adicionalmente, y considerando que el objetivo del presente trabajo de grado es el desarrollo de una propuesta para el fortalecimiento del Ecosistema de Emprendimiento e Innovación TIC, se realiza el análisis de diferentes metodologías de formulación de proyectos para determinar cuál es la que mejor se ajusta a las necesidades identificadas en cada componente de dicho ecosistema en Nariño – De esta manera, como resultado final, se presenta un proyecto cuyos objetivos incluyen la articulación de los diferentes actores y la promoción de la innovación como punto de partida, para que el departamento cuente con los medios y las herramientas requeridas para con, The research of the entrepreneurship ecosystem in the department of Nariño has allowed the identification of aspects that are required to be improved to offer entrepreneurs the conditions that allow them to start up their business ideas – These conditions in turn offer an alternative for their professional career and work Development -- It is important to take into account that the entrepreneurship not only benefits the person who executes it, but also impacts the economy and the social component of the environment where it takes place, hence the importance of preparing a project for its reinforcement -- This document presents the state of art of the different factors that compose the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Ecosystem TIC, which influence the generation of new enterprises and the reinforcement of the existing ones directly -- In Nariño it was determined that these factors are: the public policies, the infrastructure (physical and technological), potential markets, applied research, human talent and institutions to support entrepreneurship -- Each one of these aspects was analyzed considering the opinion of the main actors of this ecosystem and through the revision of secondary sources of information in such way that its current state is presented, showing its main weaknesses -- In addition, and considering that the objective of this final project is the development of a proposal for the reinforcement of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Ecosystem TIC, the analysis of different methodologies of formulation of projects is realized to determine which is the one that best adjusts to the needs identified in each component of this Ecosystem in Nariño -- As a result, a project whose objectives involve the articulation of the different actors and the promotion of innovation as a starting point is presented, so the Department of Nariño have the means and tools required to consolidate itself as the ideal space for the development of TIC sector enterprise

The extent of provision of a public good often relies on social awareness and public support for it. This applies, in particular, to global reduction of greenhouse gases and its relevance for mitigating climate change. We examine the concept of "public awareness"by introducing a formal model that analyzes efforts to mitigate climate change in a setting with heterogeneous countries. In the theoretical part we examine the Nash equilibrium of the contribution game. The effects of awareness and economic parameters on mitigation efforts can be disentangled, raising the possibility of linking awareness of climate change with economic wealth. The second part provides some empirical observations and offers the rankings of countries regarding awareness for climate change, as well as an empirical relationship between awareness and economic wealth. © 2018 Non-profit partnership "Voprosy Ekonomiki".

This dissertation examines spatial and temporal impacts of natural resource use. The second chapter integrates hydrological and economic systems to examine the impact of drought on these two systems and explores the spatial impact of policies aimed to mitigate the drought impact. The systems dynamics model developed for this chapter simultaneously considers the physical hydrology in the Middle Rio Grande water basin in New Mexico, the engineered water management system, and a behavioral model of residential water demand for three cities: Albuquerque, Rio Rancho, and Santa Fe, New Mexico. The simulation results showed that droughts that occur in later periods, when there are larger populations, have more substantial impacts. Later and longer drought increases per capita water consumption, reduces aquifer volume, and in general reduces river flow. However, increased public awareness can outweigh the stress on water resources due to population growth. Furthermore, increased awareness and decreased population in one city results in to decreased groundwater pumping costs in another city. The third chapter utilizes survey-based contingent evaluation data to investigate public support among urban Albuquerque, NM households for restoration of a watershed that impacts the urban water supply security, but is spatially removed from the urban area. Econometric results show evidence of both significant public support for forest restoration and the importance of accounting for respondent uncertainty. Econometric estimation results indicate that even if people live in a distant area they are willing to pay for forest restoration. The fourth chapter examines the tradeoff between natural resource development and ecosystem services. The model developed in this chapter is within the system dynamics framework but integrates spatial information too. A hypothetical example is undertaken for the Piceance Basin in Colorado that simultaneously estimates the economic benefits from unconve