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A discussion of communicative task-based second language learning looks at what differentiates a number of related classroom approaches: (1) two orientations, one focusing on learning-to-communicate and the other on communicating-to-learn; (2) emphasis on input, reception, and analysis in contrast to emphasis on communicative tasks; (3) specification of language content and related tasks; and (4) classroom procedures. The focus is on the teaching of English as a second language. Contains 15 references. (MSE)