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As part of its mandate from Congress, the National Science Board oversees the collection of a very broad set of quantitative information about U.S. science, engineering and technology, and every 2 years publishes the data and trends in its "Science and Engineering Indicators" ("Indicators") report. On occasion, the data reveal trends that raise important policy concerns that the Board believes should be brought to the attention of the President, Congress, and the public as a "companion" policy statement to the "Indicators" report. Data presented in "Science and Engineering Indicators 2010" (NSB-10-01) illuminate trends and directions in global science and technology. The U.S. has long been a world leader in S&E (science and engineering) research and high-technology industry, but comparative international data in "Indicators 2010" underscore the sometimes rapidly growing competitiveness of other economies in these important areas. While increased global S&E research capacity holds great promise for the advancement of scientific knowledge and collaboration in science and engineering across international borders, the U.S. government must be attentive to developments in S&E capacity around the world, and take proactive steps to maintain this nation's competitive strength. In this companion piece to "Indicators 2010, Globalization of Science and Engineering Research", the National Science Board examines currently available data and trends and recommends the following Federal actions: (1) To ensure that the U.S. remains a world leader in S&E research, the National Science Foundation--the only non-mission-oriented Federal agency that funds S&E research--should assess its two merit review criteria for funding of S&E research to ensure that the criteria encourage the proposing and support of truly transformative research, and should modify the criteria and/or merit review process if the assessment finds modifications necessary to accomplish this goal; (2) The Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the President, through the National Science and Technology Council mechanism, should engage all Federal agencies involved with S&E research to: (a) develop means to assess or continue to assess the quality of their agency's supported research against international activities, and (b) identify and as appropriate make adjustments necessary to ensure that their agency's research is world-leading; and (3) The Office of Science and Technology Policy should call for a President's Council on Innovation and Competitiveness as described in the COMPETES (Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science) Act. Issues for discussion would include: (a) relationships between U.S. and foreign-supported R&D to ensure continued vitality and growth of U.S. technical strength, (b) safeguarding national interests in intellectual property, (c) ensuring that the U.S. economy benefits from R&D supported abroad, and (d) assessing critical research areas for which the U.S. should be the global R&D leader. (Contains 5 figures and 1 table.) [For the related reports, see "Key Science and Engineering Indicators: 2010 Digest" (ED514059) and "Science and Engineering Indicators 2010" (ED514060).]

Current and projected manpower shortages in high technology areas are examined with respect to the region served by the Southern Regional Education Board (SREB). Many of the problems associated with the shortfall of trained individuals are viewed as connected to decreasing numbers of students taking advanced mathematics, and a lack of concerted efforts and strategies to reverse this trend. Sections presented include: (1) Wanted: High Technology Graduates; (2) Limited Supply of High Technology Graduates; (3) Constraint on Supply: High School Mathematics; (4) Women and Minorities: A Potential Source; (5) Mathematical Achievement: A General Decline; (6) The Shortage of Mathematics Teachers; (7) Supply and Demand Projections, Southern Region; (8) Mathematics and Computer Science; (9) The Outlook for Engineers; (10) How High Can Engineering Enrollments Go; (11) Supply and Demand for Engineers in the South; (12) Engineering Doctorates Sharply Down; (13) New Priorities and Changing Demands for High Technology Graduates; and (14) Conclusions. (MP)

Presented are two papers on computer applications in engineering education coursework. The first paper suggests that since most engineering graduates use only "canned programs" and rarely write their own programs, educational emphasis should include model building and the use of existing software as well as program writing. The second paper deals with the use of the computer to teach design in a mechanical engineering curriculum. A number of examples of computer-oriented projects for freshmen through seniors are presented. (SL)

Described is an introductory materials science laboratory program which emphasizes crystal structure both on the atomistic and microscopic scale and the dependence of materials properties on structure. The content of this program is classified into four major areas: (1) materials science, (2) mechanical behavior of materials, (3) materials testing and evaluation, and (4) mechanical processing of materials. An introduction presenting the program objectives is also included. (HM)

In certain boundary layer or natural convection work, where a similarity transformation is valid, the equations can be reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. They are therefore well-suited to a fast solution on an analog/hybrid computer. This paper illustrates such usage of the analog/hybrid computer by a set of applications of increasing complexity. The examples chosen are the growth of the boundary layer as expressed by the Blasius equation, the steady natural convection plume above a horizontal line heat source, and free convection from horizontal surfaces. The analog computer is effective in both educational and research contexts providing very rapid solutions to such problems. (Author/BB)