Search

• We analyze the drivers of sovereign rating phases via discrete-time Weibull models. • For speculative-rated sovereigns, reputation build-up as good borrowers is gradual. • The reputation of investment-grade sovereigns remains unchanged as time passes. • The length of both phases significantly depends on the country's economic conditions. • Better governance quality helps to reduce the duration of speculative-grade phases. Using long-term sovereign ratings data for a panel of 130 countries over the last three decades, we investigate the duration and determinants of sovereign rating phases through the lens of discrete-time Weibull models. We find that the likelihood of the end of the 'speculative-grade' phase increases as time goes by (i.e. there is positive duration dependence), but the 'investment-grade' phase is not duration dependent. Thus, for sovereigns rated as speculative, the build-up of reputation as good borrowers is a gradual process, whereas the reputation of investment-grade sovereigns solidifies and remains unchanged as time passes. However, the length of both phases significantly depends on the country's economic conditions. In particular, lower inflation, stronger growth and sounder fiscal policies shorten (prolong) the speculative- (investment-) grade phase. In addition, better governance quality helps to reduce the duration of speculative-grade phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper analyses the collapse of credit booms into soft landings or systemic banking crises. Design/methodology/approach: A discrete-time competing risks duration model is employed to disentangle the factors behind the length of benign and harmful credit booms. Findings: The results show that economic growth and monetary authorities play the major role in explaining the differences in the length and outcome of credit booms. Moreover, both types of credit expansions display positive duration dependence, i.e. both are more likely to end as they grow older, but hard landing credit booms have proven to be longer than those that land softly. Originality/value: This paper contributes to our understanding of what affects the length of credit booms and why some end up creating havoc and others do not. In particular, it calls the attention to the important role that Central Bank independence plays regarding credit booms length and outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on a narrative approach to identify episodes of fiscal consolidation, data for a group of seventeen industrial countries over the period 1978–2009, and continuous-time duration models, we find evidence suggesting that the likelihood of a fiscal consolidation ending increases over time, but only for programmes that last fewer than six years. Additionally, fiscal consolidations tend to last longer in non-European than in European countries. Our results emphasize that chronic fiscal imbalances might lead to a vicious austerity cycle, while discipline in the behaviour of fiscal authorities is a means of achieving credible and shorter adjustment measures. Therefore, fiscal fatigue is likely to compromise the implementation and successfulness of fiscal consolidation programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]