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2. Educational Pathways of Individuals Who Discontinue Their Apprenticeship Programs. Education, Learning and Training: Research Paper Series. Catalogue No. 81-595-M
- Author
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Statistics Canada, Jin, Hyeongsuk, Su, Sophia, and Castel, Sophie
- Abstract
Many factors impact one's ability to complete an apprenticeship program. According to the 2015 National Apprenticeship Survey, the most commonly stated reasons for not completing an apprenticeship program were job instability, receiving a better job offer and financial constraints. This survey also showed that apprentices who dropped out of their programs experienced difficulties securing permanent employment with adequate benefits and were more likely to be self-employed (Frank & Jovic, 2017). In addition, those who discontinued had a lower median employment income compared with those who completed their training (Jin, Langevin, Lebel and Haan, 2020). Using data from the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform (ELMLP), this study looks at apprentices who registered between 2008 and 2010 and discontinued their apprenticeship programs within six years of registration. Their future interactions with the Canadian postsecondary education system, up to 2020, are then profiled.
- Published
- 2022
3. Persistence and Graduation Indicators of Postsecondary Students by Parental Income, 2012/2013 Entry Cohort. Education, Learning and Training: Research Paper Series. Catalogue No. 81-595-M
- Author
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Statistics Canada, Van Bussel, Melissa, and Fecteau, Eric
- Abstract
This fact sheet explores the association between parental income and the pathways of young adults in postsecondary education for students who began their studies in the 2012/2013 academic year. Students from low-income families have previously been shown to have lower rates of educational access and attainment. This fact sheet focuses on persistence and graduation indicators, which are now released annually, and furthers the analysis of these indicators by adding a parental income quartile dimension. Overall, the findings provide the following insights: (1) Students in the highest parental income quartile remained enrolled (persisted) and graduated at higher rates than students from the lowest parental income quartile for all selected educational qualifications and groupings. The differences in indicators by the level of parental income were more notable for the graduation rates than for the persistence rates; and (2) For students who graduated, those in the highest parental income quartile graduated as fast or faster than students in the lowest parental income quartile for all selected educational qualifications and groupings, though these differences were generally small. These findings are consistent with similar studies regarding postsecondary experiences of students by socioeconomic status.
- Published
- 2022
4. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Skilled Trades: Canada Emergency Response Benefit. Education, Learning and Training: Research Paper Series
- Author
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Statistics Canada, Su, Sophia, and Jin, Hyeongsuk
- Abstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, several unprecedented government interventions related to COVID-19--including the closure of non-essential businesses, travel restrictions and public health measures limiting public interactions--have been put in place. These measures, implemented by public health officials across Canada, had a clear impact on the Canadian labour market, as businesses and institutions in a variety of industries announced layoffs, reduced employment hours and halted many on-the-job opportunities. In response, to support Canadians facing the labour market impact of the COVID-19 economic shutdown, the Government of Canada introduced a temporary benefit, the Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB). The CERB paid $500 a week to those who made at least $5,000 in the preceding 12 months and whose income was drastically reduced because of the pandemic. It was a temporary program introduced on March 15, 2020, and was replaced by Employment Insurance and other recovery benefits on September 27 of the same year. The COVID-19 pandemic had large impacts on many of those in the skilled trades, as these jobs often require hands-on and close-proximity interactions. However, journeypersons in different trades had different impacts. Some sectors deemed non-essential services were hit harder than sectors deemed essential services. In addition, geographic variations in easing and reinstating restrictions over time affected journeypersons and apprentices across regions differently. Using data from the Education and Labour Market Longitudinal Platform, this study examines the proportion of journeypersons who received the CERB among those who certified between 2008 and 2019. By examining the proportions across trades, geography and population groups, this study can provide further insight into how the early months of the pandemic affected those in the skilled trades and the differing impacts across trades and groups.
- Published
- 2021
5. The Impact of Short-Duration Credentials after an Undergraduate Degree on Labour Market Outcomes. Education, Learning and Training: Research Paper Series
- Author
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Statistics Canada, Ntwari, Aimé, and Fecteau, Eric
- Abstract
This study uses longitudinal data combining information from the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) with data from personal income tax (T1 Family File) to analyze the impact of short-duration credentials (certificates and diplomas from colleges and universities), completed after an undergraduate degree, on the outcomes on the labour market of graduates from Canadian public universities.
- Published
- 2020
6. A Gender Analysis of the Occupational Pathways of STEM Graduates in Canada. Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series
- Author
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Statistics Canada and Frank, Kristyn
- Abstract
Occupations related to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) are generally associated with high pay and contribute to the development of new technology. Continued growth is expected for STEM occupations, which would provide STEM-educated workers with additional labour market opportunities. However, less is known about the extent to which STEM graduates enter into and remain in STEM occupations in Canada. This study uses data from the 2006 and 2016 longitudinal census files to examine the occupational pathways of women and men with postsecondary credentials in STEM fields. Generally, male STEM graduates were more likely than female STEM graduates to be employed in a STEM occupation. The occupational pathways of male and female STEM graduates also differed. Among STEM graduates who were employed in a STEM occupation in 2006, women were more likely than men to have moved to a non-STEM occupation by 2016. Younger STEM graduates were more likely to exit a STEM occupation than older graduates, and men and women with college-level STEM credentials were more likely to leave a STEM occupation than their counterparts with a bachelor's degree. Some differences in the occupational mobility of men and women with STEM credentials were associated with their field of study. For example, men who studied mathematics or computer and information sciences were less likely than their counterparts who studied engineering or engineering technology to exit a STEM occupation between 2006 and 2016. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the likelihood of leaving a STEM occupation among women who had studied in these two fields. Lastly, the wage growth of male and female STEM graduates who persisted in a STEM occupation between 2006 and 2016 was not significantly different from the wage growth of their counterparts who had moved from a STEM occupation to a non-STEM occupation. [This study was funded by the Department for Women and Gender Equality.]
- Published
- 2019
7. Turning the Page: A Behavior Change Toolkit for Reducing Paper Use
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Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE), Van Leuvan, Nya, Highleyman, Lauren, Kibe, Alison, and Cole, Elaine
- Abstract
In 2017, the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE) and Root Solutions, with funding from the Lisa and Douglas Goldman Fund, created the "Turning the Page on Campus Paper Use" initiative to assist higher education institutions in developing and implementing paper reduction behavior change projects. "Turning the Page: A Behavior Change Toolkit for Reducing Paper Use" draws upon real world experiences from the Turning the Page initiative as well as other paper reduction campaigns. The concepts, concrete examples, and tools in this guide will empower practitioners to more effectively target paper consumption behaviors at their institutions. Although this guide focuses on tackling paper reduction efforts at higher education institutions, the advice and examples provided can be applied by any organization looking to foster more sustainable behaviors. The hope is that this guide gives the reader the background, inspiration, and confidence to ideate and implement the kinds of evidence-based behavior campaigns that can result in transformational impact at their organization. [This report was produced by Root Solutions. Funding was provided by the Lisa and Douglas Goldman Fund.]
- Published
- 2019
8. Are the Career Prospects of Postsecondary Graduates Improving? Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series
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Statistics Canada and Frenette, Marc
- Abstract
Given the time and money invested in higher education by students, parents and governments, there is considerable interest in the economic outcomes of postsecondary graduates. Most assessments of recent graduates have focused on their short-term, early labour market results. As new entrants to the labour force, recent postsecondary graduates may be particularly vulnerable to the economic cycle. Consequently, comparisons of short-term outcomes across graduating cohorts may be highly dependent on prevailing economic conditions and may not reflect the longer-term returns on investments. This is the first study to compare the long-term labour market outcomes of two cohorts of young postsecondary graduates using linked census and tax data. Specifically, graduates who were 26 to 35 years old in 1991 were followed from 1991 to 2005 (when they were 40 to 49 years old) and compared with a similarly aged 2001 cohort, which was followed from 2001 to 2015. The results suggest that median cumulative earnings were higher among members of the more recent cohort of male and female postsecondary graduates. Increases were observed across all postsecondary levels and across most major disciplines where sample sizes were large enough to permit analysis. Also, no discipline registered a decline in cumulative earnings. Although the economic conditions faced by the 2001 cohort over the 15-year study period were generally more favourable, this cohort also registered higher earnings than the 1991 cohort during the latter portion of the period (i.e., when the 2001 cohort was faced with an economic recession). Furthermore, the initial labour market conditions upon graduation (an important determinant of career earnings) were similar for both cohorts. The improvements in long-term earnings for postsecondary graduates are important in light of the significant increase in the number of graduates over the period. However, the results also indicate that the number of years of union membership declined or remained steady across cohorts of male and female postsecondary graduates. Furthermore, while women with postsecondary qualifications registered increases in the number of years of employer-sponsored pension plan coverage, their male counterparts experienced mixed results depending on their level of postsecondary studies.
- Published
- 2019
9. Guidelines for Effective Literacy Programs in Ontario. A Discussion Paper for Programs [and] Accountability Framework: Summary of Elements Developed for Consultation.
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Ontario Dept. of Education, Toronto.
- Abstract
This document examines the major issues and implications related to the development of quality guidelines for adult literacy programs in Ontario (Canada) and presents a framework for discussing issues related to quality guidelines and their formulation. Discussed in the first section are the following topics: the place of quality issues/guidelines in the Ontario government's 1986 Plan for Adult Basic Literacy and the Ontario Ministry of Education's Adult Literacy Policy and Evaluation Project; the role of learners, service providers, and funders in the provision of adult literacy programs in Ontario; the purpose and scope of quality guidelines; and trends in the development and use of quality guidelines in the United Kingdom, other Canadian provinces, and the United States. The remaining 60% of the document is a discussion guide for stimulating thought and discussion about quality guidelines in adult literacy programming. It includes a discussion format and seven elements of quality in literacy programs (community focus, access to services, learner-centeredness, appropriate and effective service delivery, equity of outcomes, integration, and accountability). An accountability framework summarizing the elements of the quality guidelines consultation is included. (MN)
- Published
- 1993
10. Benchmarking Alumni Relations in Community Colleges: Findings from a 2012 CASE Survey. CASE White Paper
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Council for Advancement and Support of Education, Paradise, Andrew, and Heaton, Paul
- Abstract
In 2011, CASE founded the Center for Community College Advancement to provide training and resources to help community colleges build and sustain effective fundraising, alumni relations and communications and marketing programs. This white paper summarizes the results of a groundbreaking survey on alumni relations programs at community colleges across the United States and Canada. The purpose of the survey was to help community college staff members benchmark their experiences and programs in alumni relations with their peers. The survey was conducted by the CASE research office in conjunction with CASE's Center for Community College Advancement. Survey questions are appended. [For the follow up White Paper, "Benchmarking Alumni Relations in Community Colleges: Findings from a 2015 CASE Survey. CASE White Paper," see ED571307.]
- Published
- 2013
11. Occupational Skill Level: The Level of Skill Required for the Occupations of Graduates from Diploma, Certificate, and Associate Degree Programs. Information Paper
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BC Student Outcomes (Canada)
- Abstract
Every year, former post-secondary students who left diploma, associate degree, or certificate programs in B.C. are asked to participate in a province-wide survey. Respondents are asked a number of questions about their employment outcomes, and those who are employed are asked to describe their occupations. The information they provide is used to code their jobs using the National Occupational Classification (NOC) system, which is used to describe occupations and to aggregate them into occupational categories and to assign a skill level. Data for this paper came from the Diploma, Associate Degree, and Certificate Student Outcomes (DACSO) surveys, 2009 to 2013. Throughout these years, 76 percent of respondents had graduated from their programs, and of these graduates, 80 percent were employed at the time of the survey, 9 to 20 months after they left their programs. Of the employed graduates, 98 percent (45,760) gave enough information on their jobs to allow them to be coded using the NOC system. In 2013, 15,853 former students responded to the survey; there were 9,850 employed graduates. Unless otherwise noted, the percentages in this paper are based on employed graduates who submitted occupational information. The survey revealed the following: (1) Graduates were skilled in occupations; (2) There were differences by age, gender, and credential; (3) Education graduates were in high-skilled positions; (4) Labour market conditions influenced results; (5) There were trends for older respondents and Education graduates; and (6) Differences in occupation skill level were related to program and labour market.
- Published
- 2013
12. The Value of Smarter Teachers: International Evidence on Teacher Cognitive Skills and Student Performance. Program on Education Policy and Governance Working Papers Series. PEPG 14-06
- Author
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Harvard University, Program on Education Policy and Governance, Hanushek, Eric A., Piopiunik, Marc, and Wiederhold, Simon
- Abstract
Differences in teacher quality are commonly cited as a key determinant of the huge international student performance gaps. However, convincing evidence on this relationship is still lacking, in part because it is unclear how to measure teacher quality consistently across countries. We use unique international assessment data to investigate the role of teacher cognitive skills as one main dimension of teacher quality in explaining student outcomes. Our main identification strategy exploits exogenous variation in teacher cognitive skills attributable to international differences in relative wages of nonteacher public sector employees. Using student-level test score data, we find that teacher cognitive skills are an important determinant of international differences in student performance. Results are supported by fixed-effects estimation that uses within-country between-subject variation in teacher skills.
- Published
- 2014
13. Who Takes a Gap Year and Why? Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth. Briefing Paper 28
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Lumsden, Marilyn, and Stanwick, John
- Abstract
Taking a gap year--a break between high school and university--is becoming increasingly popular with Australian students. In terms of length and purpose, the traditional notion of a gap year being a year off between school and university has expanded considerably over time. For the purposes of the analysis reported in this paper, a person who takes a gap year is defined as "an individual who commenced university one to two years after completing Year 12. This includes those who accept and defer their university placement for one to two years" (Curtis, Mlotkowski & Lumsden 2012). Highlights of this report include: (1) In Australia the incidence of taking a gap year has increased from 10% in the period 1999-2000 to 24% in 2009-10; (2) The top four primary activities undertaken by gap students in 2009-10 were work (51%), full-time study leading to a non-university qualification (10%), other study (6%), and travel (6%); (3) Characteristics of gap-takers include: (a) being academically less inclined than non-gap-takers; (b) living in regional locations when at school; (c) having English speaking backgrounds; (d) being employed when in Year 12 at school; and (e) being less likely to receive Youth Allowance payments while at school; (4) In their first year of university, gap-takers are more likely to study in the areas of education and creative arts; and (5) Those who don't take a gap year are substantially more likely at age 24 to be employed full-time and to work in professional occupations than gap-takers. Much of this difference can be attributed to the fact that, in terms of their careers, gap-takers are a year or two behind those who don't take a gap year. The data do not allow the authors to measure the longer-term outcomes of both groups because the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth (LSAY) stops at age 25. Appended are: (1) Gap year definitions; and (2) LSAY cohorts sample sizes and durations. (Contains 13 tables.) [For "Bridging the Gap: Who Takes a Gap Year and Why? Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth. Research Report," see ED533077.]
- Published
- 2012
14. Loans for Vocational Education and Training in Europe. Research Paper. Number 20
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Cedefop - European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training
- Abstract
This report reviews the use of loans for learning in 33 European countries and analyses the schemes in eight selected Member States: France, Hungary, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Finland, Sweden and the UK. The analysis shows that loan schemes vary considerably across Europe in terms of types and levels of learning covered, conditions of access, repayment and governance. Some loans aim to increase participation in learning in general, while others are designed to promote equity. The report attempts to assess the selected loans and discusses their strengths and weaknesses and determinants of performance, while considering if a given scheme operates on a large scale or targets niche groups. The evaluation results provide a basis for identifying good practice principles for designing and implementing loans. Policy recommendations are formulated based on these findings. Annexed are: (1) Methodology; (2) Key terms and definitions; (3) Information on countries/schemes selected for in-depth analysis; (4) Proposed typologies of VET loan schemes; (5) Tables and figures; (6) Tosmana truth tables; (7) Questionnaires; (8) Basic characteristics of non-European loan schemes. (Contains 37 tables, 5 figures, 20 boxes and 33 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2012
15. Using Surveys To Measure 'Value Added' in Skills in Four Faculties. Working Paper.
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York Univ., Toronto (Ontario). Inst. for Social Research. and Grayson, J. Paul
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This study tested the amount of value added to critical and communication skills by the university experience using a strategy that compared the skills of entering and graduating students at York University (Ontario). The study involved, first, identifying skills that might be improved over the course of a university education; second, developing survey questions that measured skills for entering and graduating students at four faculties; and third, performing covariance analysis of survey results for entering and graduating students. Data were generated by three questionnaires, with response rates ranging from 55 to 58 percent for two surveys in the fall of 1995 to 58 percent one conducted in the summer of 1996. Eight tables detail skill categories and topics; list characteristics of survey respondents; correlate skills and grades for entering students, for graduating students, by gender, by ethnic origin, and by home language; and provide Z-scores to assess value added for entering and graduating students. Overall, graduating students were found to have better-developed skills than entering students. The paper also focuses on the rationale for the relatively cost-effective research design. (Contains 30 references.) (CH)
- Published
- 1997
16. Immigrant and Aboriginal First Languages as Prior Learning Qualifications for Formal Employment in the Business, Government and Education Sectors. NALL Working Paper.
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. New Approaches to Lifelong Learning., Goldberg, Michelle P., and Corson, David
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The extent to which Canadian employers recognize the informally acquired first languages of immigrants and aboriginal persons as prior learning qualifications for formal employment in the business, government, and education sectors was examined through a survey of organizations across Ontario. Personalized questionnaires were mailed to a sample of 140 Ontario organizations, as follows: 32 businesses (half randomly selected and half purposively selected); 71 colleges, universities, and school boards; and 37 municipal, provincial, and federal government agencies and psychiatric hospitals. Of the 140 questionnaires mailed out, 79 (56.4%) were returned. Although 88.6% of the organizations indicated that they would benefit from employing staff fluent in languages in addition to English or French, only 30.4% were actually actively recruiting such multilingual employees. Private organizations were more likely to recruit multilingual individuals and educational institutions were least likely to do so (52.9% and 25.7%, respectively). The methods used to evaluate potential bilingual employees' language proficiency were as follows: interviews (25.8%); employer references (18.6%); and formal qualifications and personal references (13.4%). Educational institutions used formal qualifications to assess language fluency much more often than other types of organizations did (20%, 10%, and 7.6% for academic institutions, private organizations, and public organizations, respectively). (Contains 22 references.) (MN)
- Published
- 1999
17. Collaborative Learning for Change. NALL Working Paper.
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. New Approaches to Lifelong Learning., Mojab, Shahrzad, Wall, Naomi Binder, and McDonald, Susan
- Abstract
This guide is designed as a community-based resource for women who are interested in developing leadership skills in group facilitation, community building, and community action. It provides an integrated feminist anti-oppression learning framework that links social justice issues and the questions of race, gender, class, and all other forms of marginalization to the question of how women learn. The guide includes six workshops that emphasize the connections between learning and action that allow women to develop their consciousness of the actions required to bring about necessary change in their lives as women. Introductory materials discuss the research that lead to this guide and suggestions for conducting the workshops, including useful tools for building group processes. Each session outline consists of some or all of these components: check-in, debriefing, informational materials, warm-up exercise, exercises, and closure. Sessions are (1) women's experiences are the basis of learning; (2) facilitating group processes; (3) learning strategies (4) gender bias in the law; (5) funding; and (6) outreach and organizing. (YLB)
- Published
- 2002
18. Does Inequality in Skills Explain Inequality of Earnings across Advanced Countries? NBER Working Paper Series.
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National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA., Devroye, Dan, and Freeman, Richard
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The question of whether inequality in skills explains inequality of earnings across advanced countries was examined through a review of data from the International Adult Literacy Survey (IALS), which examined the prose, document, and quantitative literacy skills of adults in 12 member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. In all countries, jobless individuals tended to have lower skill levels than workers. The distribution of earnings and the distribution of skills varied widely among advanced countries, with the major English-speaking countries, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, having much greater inequality in both earnings and skills than continental European Union countries. According to data from the IALS, skill inequality explains only approximately 7% of the cross-country difference in earnings inequality. The dispersion of earnings in the United States was found to be larger in narrowly defined skill groups than was the dispersion of earnings for European workers overall. In the United States, IALS test scores rose substantially with movement up the income scale, with the increase in scores averaging 17 points per income quintile. The bulk of cross-country differences in earnings inequality were found to occur within skill groups rather than between them. (The bibliography contains 20 references. Twelve tables/figures are included.) (MN)
- Published
- 2001
19. Basic Patterns of Work and Learning in Canada: Findings of the 1998 NALL Survey of Informal Learning and Related Statistics Canada Surveys. NALL Working Paper.
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Ontario Inst. for Studies in Education, Toronto. New Approaches to Lifelong Learning. and Livingstone, D. W.
- Abstract
A study provided extensive statistics and documentation of Canadian adults' work and learning activities. The study included statistics for household labor and community volunteer activities as well as paid employment. Learning activities included both formal course work and informal learning, as well as on-the-job training. Data sources were the 1998 National Survey of Learning and Work by the Research Network on New Approaches to Lifelong Learning (NALL); estimates of the extent of unpaid household and community work; the Adult Education and Training Survey; the 1996 census; the National Survey of Giving, Volunteering, and Participating; and the General Social Survey. Findings of the study included the following: (1) in contrast to the concerns about Canadians' need to become"lifelong learners," the study found that most Canadians are already extensively engaged in learning but that the needs for higher-level job skills has been greatly exaggerated; (2) in terms of work, Canadian adults are now spending about as much time in unpaid household and community work as they are in paid employment; (3) despite the rhetoric about a "knowledge-based economy," the study found only a gradual upgrading of job skill requirements, and knowledge workers still comprise a small minority of the labor force; (4) as a result of the increased amount of learning by adults and the slower increase of job requirements, many Canadians find themselves underemployed; and (5) instead of focusing efforts on further education and training for Canadians, the society and government should address major paid work reforms in order to prevent underemployment from becoming one of the major social problems of the 21st century. (Contains 160 references.) (KC)
- Published
- 2001
20. Working and Learning: A Diversity of Patterns. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 169
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France) and Quintini, Glenda
- Abstract
The combination of work and study has been hailed as crucial to ensure that youth develop the skills required on the labour market so that transitions from school to work are shorter and smoother. This paper fills an important gap in availability of internationally-comparable data. Using the 2012 Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), it draws a comprehensive picture of work and study in 23 countries/regions. Crucially, it decomposes the total share of working students by the context in which they work (VET [vocational education and training], apprenticeships or private arrangements) and assesses the link between field of study and students' work. The paper also assesses how the skills of students are used in the workplace compared to other workers and identifies the socio-demographic factors and the labour market institutions that increase the likelihood of work and study. Finally, while it is not possible to examine the relationship between work and study and future labour market outcomes at the individual level, some aggregate correlations are unveiled.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Some Perspectives on Transfer Effectiveness in the B.C. Post-Secondary System, 1994. Working Paper.
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British Columbia Inst. of Technology, Burnaby.
- Abstract
The report summarizes the results of the British Columbia (B.C.) Council on Admissions and Transfer's efforts to define various student flow patterns into and through university colleges and community colleges in British Columbia (Canada). The purpose of this working paper is to provide baseline data to the Council for its use in order to promote transfer effectiveness and access equity. From 1988 to 1990, Grade 12 enrollments grew 1.5 percent; college academic enrollments grew 31.0 percent. In response, students are staying at college longer before transferring and, as a result, transferring more credits into universities. It appears that direct entry admissions are increasingly destined for university science and science-related faculties. By contrast, college transfers are increasingly destined for arts and education. Roughly 25 percent of all college transfers are admitted into spring and summer sessions. Of all leavers from college academic programs in spring 1991, 13 percent were admitted for the first time to a B.C. university in fall 1991. Overall, direct entries continue to earn higher second-year university GPAs than college transfers (2.70 vs. 2.58). Between 1983 and 1991, the number of first undergraduate degrees awarded to direct entries increased roughly 18 percent while the number awarded to college transfers increased 64 percent. (Contains 12 sets of tables and 23 endnotes.) (JA)
- Published
- 1994
22. Rural Child Care in Ontario. (La garde d'enfants dans les zones rurales de l'Ontario). Occasional Paper No. 4.
- Author
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Toronto Univ. (Ontario). Centre for Urban and Community Studies. and Doherty, Gillian
- Abstract
This report provides an overview of child care in rural areas of Ontario. Chapter 1 outlines the paper's purpose, defining "child care" and "rural." It discusses the nature of rural Ontario in the 1990s and the need for child care in rural areas. Also, implications for child care provision in a rural context are highlighted. Chapter 2 reviews child care in Ontario with regard to the roles of different levels of government. Issues of child care availability, affordability, and quality are discussed, along with child care reform initiatives. Chapter 3 looks at rural child care in Ontario in terms of the characteristics of rural communities and characteristics of successful child care programs. Chapters 4 through 6 focus on rural center-based child care, regulated home child care, and the provision of care in the child's own home, including the special challenges and issues related to each setting. Chapter 7 considers resource centers, school-age care, and care for children with special needs. Finally, chapter 8 highlights programs in Alberta, Manitoba, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec that specifically target the needs of rural families. A list of key informants, demographic information, and information on the availability and affordability of child care in Ontario are topics covered in the four Appendices. (Contains a 37-item bibliography and glossary). (AC)
- Published
- 1994
23. Quality Teaching: Quality Education for Alberta Students. A Discussion Paper for Consultations on Enhancing the Quality of Teaching.
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Alberta Dept. of Education, Edmonton.
- Abstract
This report provides the second year update to the Alberta (Canada) government's 3-year plan to restructure the province's education system. Key strategies for improving teaching are put forth, including: updating teacher preparation and certification requirements to reflect the most current understanding of effective teaching; establishing competencies for beginning and experienced teachers; and developing a coordinated approach to delivery of professional development opportunities for teachers. Principles underlying the report's recommendations are listed and include: the key role of teachers; competency should be the primary criterion for qualifying an individual to teach; teachers professional growth is facilitated through the collaborative action of all stakeholders; and school boards are responsible for having teacher evaluation policies that conform to the Provincial Teacher Evaluation Policy. Memoranda of Agreement are proposed to establish and facilitate partnerships between campus-based and field-based educators. Other major proposals include a shift toward more flexible, competency-based certification guidelines and establishment of more detailed guidelines for use in teacher evaluation practices. Recommendations for changes to the provincial Teacher Evaluation Policy are detailed. The background and implications of each of these proposals is discussed, and a call is made for commentary and input. Appendices include an outline of suggested competencies and a reader opinion survey. (PB)
- Published
- 1995
24. Test-Taking Engagement in PIAAC. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 133
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Goldhammer, Frank, Martens, Thomas, Christoph, Gabriela, and Lüdtke, Oliver
- Abstract
In this study, we investigated how empirical indicators of test-taking engagement can be defined, empirically validated, and used to describe group differences in the context of the Programme of International Assessment of Adult Competences (PIAAC). The approach was to distinguish between disengaged and engaged response behavior by means of response time thresholds. Constant thresholds of 3000 ms and 5000 ms were considered, as well as item-specific thresholds based on the visual inspection of (bimodal) response time distributions (VI method) and the proportion correct conditional on response time (P+>0% method). Overall, the validity checks comparing the proportion correct of engaged and disengaged response behavior by domain and by item showed that the P+>0% method performed slightly better than the VI method and the methods assuming constant thresholds. The results for Literacy and Numeracy by module revealed that there was an increase from Module 1 to Module 2 in the proportion of disengaged responses, suggesting a drop in test-taking engagement. The investigation of country differences in test-taking engagement by domain using the P+>0% method showed that the proportion of responses classified as disengaged was quite low. For Literacy, the proportion was well below 5% for the majority of countries; in Numeracy, the proportion was even smaller than 1% for almost all countries; while for Problem solving, the proportion of disengaged responses was more than 5% but usually well below 10%. There were significant differences in test-taking engagement between countries; the obtained effect sizes were small to medium. Population differences in test-taking engagement were highly correlated between the three domains, suggesting that test-taking engagement can be conceived as a consistent characteristic. Furthermore, there was a clear negative association between test-taking disengagement and proficiency in Literacy, Numeracy and Problem solving, respectively. Finally, subgroup differences for gender, age, educational attainment, and language proved to be insignificant or very small. Results suggest that males tend to be more disengaged, that disengagement increases with age in Problem solving, with lower educational attainment and when the test language is not the same as a testee's native language. Appended are: (1) Country differences in test-taking engagement; and (2) Subgroup differences in test-taking engagement.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The Effectiveness of National Training Boards. Training Discussion Papers No. 110.
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International Labour Office, Geneva (Switzerland). and Wilson, David N.
- Abstract
This combination report/guide summarizes practical "how-to" information on the development and operation of national training boards that was gathered in a series of case studies of the effectiveness of national training boards in Canada, Singapore, Sweden, and the United Kingdom and in studies of training boards in Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Germany, and South Africa. The introductory chapter describes the research on which the guide is based, discusses common themes affecting the quality of training in the countries studied, and examines the rationale for training programs. Chapter 2 summarizes the subsequent discussion of the effectiveness of national training boards in the form of a checklist and guidelines for use by countries considering establishing a national training board. Chapters 3-9 synthesize research findings into practical recommendations dealing with the following aspects of initiating and operating national training boards: enabling legislation, training board composition, training board structure, financial resources, delivery of training, institutional planning and operations, and testing and certification. Chapters 10 and 11, which are more analytical than the chapters preceding them, examine the perception and images of national training boards and lessons learned from the case studies. Contains 59 references. (MN)
- Published
- 1993
26. Averting Faculty Shortages; A Discussion Paper on the Canadian Academic Labour Market in the 1990s.
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Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).
- Abstract
A study was done to lay the foundation for a rigorous analysis and assessment of the functioning of the Canadian academic labor market and to begin to explore systematically the dynamic of faculty renewal and replacement. The study used data from Statistics Canada and investigated the functioning and prospects of the Canadian academic labor market at the aggregate level of total full-time faculty. Analysis was at the "system" rather than discipline level with projections to the year 2000. The findings indicated that for the period 1990 to 2000 annual faculty requirements are projected to increase faster than the number of doctoral graduates. At the aggregate level, critical shortages will develop in selected disciplines particularly in natural sciences and engineering. Furthermore, anticipated faculty shortages in the United States could exacerbate the projected Canadian shortages by drawing Canadians to positions out of the country. The study's projections suggest that Canadian universities must maintain or increase their share of doctoral graduates, expand doctoral programs especially in the natural sciences, and reduce the number of faculty who leave academic faculties for reasons other than retirement. An appendix contains 18 tables and a bibliography lists 18 items. (JB)
- Published
- 1991
27. Attitudes towards Computerization in Canadian Universities. Technical Paper #4.
- Author
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Canadian International Development Agency, Ottawa (Ontario)., Misfeldt, Renee, and Stahl, William A.
- Abstract
This report summarizes the attitudinal portion of a nation-wide survey on the computerization of Canadian universities. Six different questionnaires, each of which contained the same questions on attitudes, were mailed to faculty, deans, admissions, officers, registrars, computer center directors, and other administrators at 63 Canadian universities. The overall return rate for the survey was 28.6%, thus restricting the conclusions that can be drawn from the results. Questions on the 30-item survey were grouped according to instruction, administration, equity, and social impact. Independent variables that were explored included the size of the university, the level of education, and the age of the respondent. Results of the survey showed that, within the university, there were few significant differences in attitudes between variable groups. Overall, there was a positive feeling about computers within the university which cut across all groups. There were differences, however, in the level of positive attitudes among the subjects, with the strongest differences in attitudes occurring between the faculty and the administrative staff. There was a strong tendency for senior administrators to be the most enthusiastic of all, while the faculty were more circumspect about the changes to teaching that the computer will supposedly bring. Data are presented in five tables and four figures as well as a narrative report. The appendices contain a copy of the attitude survey questions, and a table showing the breakdown of the attitude survey data by question. (DB)
- Published
- 1991
28. Improving Labour Market Outcomes through Education and Training. Issues Paper No. 9. Produced for the Closing the Gap Clearinghouse
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Australian Institute of Family Studies (AIFS), Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Closing the Gap Clearinghouse, Karmel, Tom, Misko, Josie, Blomberg, Davinia, Bednarz, Alice, and Atkinson, Georgina
- Abstract
In recent years, the level of participation and attainment by Indigenous Australians in education and training has improved, yet substantial gaps still exist between Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous Australians. Education has to be a key focus if the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous employment rates is to be closed. This report draws from the 2011 Census data to quantify its importance for labour market participation, employment, and occupational destinations. The research is extensive and varied, and includes academic research articles published in refereed journals and other publications published or completed over the last 10 years. Also provided is the authors' own analyses of the 2006 and 2011 Census, and of data from the ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) Labour Force Survey, National Apprentices and Trainees Collection, National VET (Vocational Education and Training) Collection, the Schools Australia catalogue, and the Student Outcomes Survey. The authors use those to provide descriptive information as well as to investigate linkages between participation and attainment in education and training and employment. The report begins by providing a snapshot of key demographics, followed by information on participation and outcomes from senior secondary education, vocational education and training (including apprenticeships and traineeships), and higher education. This is followed by a detailed account of employment outcomes across regions and occupations. The role of educational attainment in explaining the disparity in employment rates is then given a special focus. This document reports on studies that have looked at the need to take into account the multiple elements of economic participation, and focuses in more detail on the role of social capital, cultural attachments, and employer discrimination. It concludes with an emphasis on key findings about the role of education and the need to streamline programs and strategies. Appendices provide extra detail on methodological approaches and programs (including key objectives, funding regimes, and program evaluations). They are as follows: (1) Methodology for decomposition; (2) Selected programs aimed at young people and their parents by participation or progress to date; (3) Selected programs aimed at VET and higher education by participation or progress to date; (4) Selected programs aimed at improving employment outcomes by participation or progress to date; and (5) Additional relevant material in the Clearinghouse.
- Published
- 2014
29. Does Reading Proficiency at Age 15 Affect Pathways through Learning and Work. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 31
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Gluszynski, Tomasz, and Bayard, Justin
- Abstract
Over the last decade, Canada has experienced a substantial increase in the number of individuals participating in post-secondary education (PSE). This trend emphasizes the importance of understanding the pathways leading to PSE enrolment and the competencies that are associated with them. This chapter describes a range of possible education and work outcomes at the age of 21, and the pathways that led to them. It describes the wealth of information that is available in the combination of the PISA and YITS databases. This overview provides a useful context in which to consider the complexity and importance of transitioning to postsecondary education and work. (Contains 12 tables, 3 figures, 1 box and 11 footnotes.) [This research paper was prepared for Human Resources and Skills Development Canada by Tomasz Gluszynski Human Resources and Skills Development Canada and Justin Bayard, Human Resources and Skills Development Canada, as a background paper to the PISA Thematic Report--Pathways to Success.]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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30. How Does Academic Ability Affect Educational and Labour Market Pathways in Canada. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 30
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Hansen, Jorgen
- Abstract
Using data from the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS), this paper provides an up-to-date description of educational and labour market pathways (or transitions) among Canadian youth. It also estimates the effect of academic abilities, measured by PISA math and reading scores, on such transitions. Descriptive statistics show that educational success is positively related to math and reading achievements as well as family background characteristics. Further, working while in high school reduces educational attainment while participation in school organised activities increases the probability of grade progression. The results also indicate that students with low reading achievements are not only less likely to remain in school; they are also less likely to return to school once they have left school. Finally, the risk of entering unemployment after school is inversely related to the level of completed schooling. (Contains 12 tables and 23 footnotes.) [This research paper was prepared for Human Resources and Skills Development Canada by Tomasz Gluszynski Human Resources and Skills Development Canada and Justin Bayard, Human Resources and Skills Development Canada, as a background paper to the PISA Thematic Report--Pathways to Success.]
- Published
- 2010
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31. Postsecondary Education--Participation and Dropping out: Differences across University, College and Other Types of Postsecondary Institutions. Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics. Research Paper. Catalogue no. 81-595-M No. 070
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Statistics Canada, Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics Division, Shaienks, Danielle, Gluszynski, Tomasz, and Bayard, Justin
- Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to capture and profile postsecondary education dropouts from three different types of postsecondary education--university, college and other types of institutions. It compares them with graduates from these three types of institutions. The analysis for this report is based on data from the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS). The survey was designed by Human Resources and Social Development Canada and Statistics Canada. YITS is a longitudinal survey, which collects information on educational and labour market pathways of a sample of young Canadians in the 18 to 20 age group in 1999. Respondents were asked to provide a range of information on their education and employment experiences as well as information on their personal characteristics. They were interviewed four times since the implementation of the survey, in 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006. In this report, the data used are from the first four cycles and describe where they stood in their school to work pathway in December 2005 when they were 24 to 26 years of age. This report is a follow-up of a previous study of postsecondary participation (Shaienks and Gluszynski, 2007) which found that the overall postsecondary dropout rate was 15%. That rate however, differs across all types of institution and by demographic, family and school characteristics. This paper explores the impact of those characteristics on participation, graduation and dropping out of different types of postsecondary institution. What Is the Youth in Translation Survey (YITS)? is appended. (Contains 1 figure, 1 chart, 14 tables and 5 endnotes.)
- Published
- 2008
32. Labour Market Characteristics and International Mobility of Doctorate Holders: Results for Seven Countries. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 2007/2
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Auriol, Laudeline
- Abstract
This paper presents the first results of a project initiated in 2004 by the OECD in collaboration with Eurostat and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, and aimed at developing a regular and internationally comparable production system of indicators on the careers and mobility of doctorate holders. A first data collection was launched in September 2005, from which the results for seven countries are presented here. These data shed light on the main demographic, educational, labour market and mobility patterns of doctoral graduates. They also mark some progress in the understanding of both the measurement issues and patterns of international mobility, notably by the use of qualitative indicators such as the intentions or reasons for mobility. The results show in particular that the share of doctorate holders in the population or labour force is two or three times larger in Germany and Switzerland than in Australia, Canada and the United States. In these five countries, women represent only one-quarter to one-third of doctorate holders. The United States has an older population of doctorate holders than the other countries analysed in the paper and this population is still aging, as is also the case in Canada. Unemployment rates of doctorate holders remain low, but are relatively higher in natural sciences and in engineering. There are important salary differences between men and women and across sectors, especially in the United States. In the United States, as well as in Portugal and Argentina, salary is one of the main reasons why doctoral graduates are dissatisfied with their employment situation. There is a high share of foreign doctorate holders in Switzerland and also a higher share of foreign-born doctorate holders in Canada and Australia than in the United States. Many foreigners, however, come to work to the United States having been trained for research abroad and this trend has grown stronger in recent years. On the other hand, very few doctorate holders from the United States are internationally mobile. Among mobile young Canadian citizens, three-quarters choose the United States as their next destination. (Data tables are annexed. Contains 4 footnotes, 13 figures, 1 chart and 35 tables.)
- Published
- 2007
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33. Impact of Proficiency on Early Entrants to the Labour Market: Evidence from the YITS. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 29
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Drewes, Torben
- Abstract
The primary purpose of the report is to explore the impact of PISA reading scores on the early labour market outcomes of young Canadians of the Youth in Transition Survey. This inquiry is complicated by two facts. First, family and school characteristics that are positively correlated with PISA scores are also correlated with labour market success, making it difficult to discover the independent effect of those scores. Second, students with higher PISA scores are much more likely to pursue education beyond high school and scores may operate both directly and indirectly through this channel to influence later outcomes. Among females, there is a positive correlation between PISA scores and future earnings, even after controlling for family background and educational attainment. There is no evidence of such a correlation for males. For both genders, the link between PISA scores and unemployment disappears when controls are added. These weak outcomes may be explained by the fact that sufficient time has not elapsed for the YITS respondents to complete schooling and to integrate into the labour market. (Contains 14 tables and 17 footnotes.) [This research paper was prepared for Human Resources and Skills Development Canada by Torben Drewes of the Trent University Department of Economics.]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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34. Doctorate Education in Canada: Findings from the Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2005/2006. Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics. Research Paper. Catalogue no. 81-595-M No. 069
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Statistics Canada, Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics Division, King, Darren, Eisl-Culkin, Judy, and Desjardins, Louise
- Abstract
"Doctorate Education in Canada: Findings from the Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2005/2006" is the third paper in a series of reports written by the Learning Policy Directorate of Human Resources and Social Development Canada (HRSDC) and the Centre for Education Statistics of Statistics Canada. Each report presents an overview of doctoral education covering annual data from the Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) from each of the three years of the survey's existence (2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2005/2006). The Survey of Earned Doctorates is a key source of information regarding the training of doctoral graduates in Canada. It provides information on the pathways of these highly qualified graduates through the education system and sheds light into the expectations of graduates as they transition into employment and postdoctoral education. In this 2005/2006 report, special attention has been given to the foreign born among the doctoral graduates. Foreign-born graduates represent more than one in every five graduates in the 2005/2006 academic year, and over half of all doctoral graduates living in Canada in 2006. Canada's immigration policy, with its emphasis on educational attainment, ensures that the foreign born will continue to account for a large proportion of Canada's doctorate degree holders. Furthermore, attracting foreign-born talent to Canada will be important if Canada is to increase the number of doctoral degree holders, since growth in the graduates from Canadian institutions has been minimal. One of the key challenges will be to retain graduates, both foreign-born and Canadian-born, in Canada upon the completion of their degree. Also unique to this third report, is the ability to discuss trends over the three years of survey data. Standard tables and special tables are appended. A cumulative index is also included. (Contain 22 charts, 1 figure, 8 endnotes and 32 tables.)
- Published
- 2008
35. Technical Feasibility of Reporting YITS 2010 Skill Assessment Results on the PISA 2000 Reading Scale. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 69
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Cartwright, Fernando
- Abstract
This study examines the feasibility of reporting scores of a test based on the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2000 instrument that was administered to a sample of 25-year-old Youth in Transition Survey (YITS) respondents on the PISA scale. Each of these respondents also participated in PISA 2000. The study examines the considerations for estimating proficiency estimates for the YITS 2010 sample and describes the methods recommended for analyzing the data. The results indicate that, despite much higher performance, there is no ceiling effect in the YITS 2010 sample for the PISA items. Although the estimated scores for the YITS 2010 sample should not be misconstrued as true PISA results, there is no technical impediment to reporting them on the PISA scale and examining the differences between these results and the PISA 2000 results. Reading marking guide is appended. (Contains 8 tables and 6 figures.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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36. School Choice and Equity: Current Policies in OECD Countries and a Literature Review. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 66
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Musset, Pauline
- Abstract
This literature review on school choice analyses the impact of choice schemes on students and on school systems focusing on equity. Reviewing the evidence can be difficult, as the literature is often fragmented and inconclusive, and the political importance of this research often results in high-profile attention given to individual studies rather than systemically understanding collected from a larger empirical base (Berends, Cannata and Goldring, 2011). Different political groups use evidence that supports their positions in favour or against school choice, and their positions relative to school choice are largely based on their ideologies, rather than on empirical work and evidence of effectiveness (Levin and Belfield, 2004). This report steps away from the ideological debate and provides research-based evidence on the impact of choice on disadvantaged students and schools. As "only with data on the consequences of different plans for school choice will we be able to reach sensible judgements rooted in experience (Fuller and Elmore, 1996, p. 8)". It uses analysis and statements that are supported empirically and attempts to cover the widest possible scope of research, and provide responses to the key question of how to balance choice with equity considerations. (Contains 7 tables, 4 figures, 5 boxes and 13 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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37. Policy for English Language Arts, Kindergarten to Grade Twelve for Saskatchewan Schools. Summary Paper.
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Saskatchewan Dept. of Education, Regina.
- Abstract
This summary paper, the result of an ongoing collaborative process, presents an extended policy statement for English Language Arts K-12 in Saskatchewan, Canada. The paper is in five major sections: (1) Introduction; (2) Foundations and Principles (outlining the value of language--both dynamic and rule-governed--as a foundation for the English Language Arts curriculum); (3) Curriculum Goals (including five charts of specific instructional goals and learning outcomes for specific phases); (4) Organizing for Instruction (curriculum overview, including sections on integration, personal growth, special needs students, Indian and Metis students, multicultural classrooms, designated French school students, experiential learning, and resource-based learning); and (5) Curriculum Framework. (SR)
- Published
- 1989
38. Education and Obesity in Four OECD Countries. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 39
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Sassi, Franco, Devaux, Marion, Church, Jody, Cecchini, Michele, and Borgonovi, Francesca
- Abstract
An epidemic of obesity has been developing in virtually all OECD countries over the last 30 years. Existing evidence provides strong suggestions that such epidemic has affected certain social groups more than others. In particular, education appears to be associated with a lower likelihood of obesity, especially among women. A range of analyses of health survey data from Australia, Canada, England and Korea were undertaken with the aim of exploring the relationship between education and obesity. The findings of these analyses show a broadly linear relationship between the number of years spent in full-time education and the probability of obesity, with most educated individuals displaying lower rates of the condition (the only exception being men in Korea). This suggests that marginal returns to education, in terms of reduction in obesity rates, are approximately constant throughout the education spectrum. The findings obtained confirm that the education gradient in obesity is stronger in women than in men. Differences between genders are minor in Australia and Canada, more pronounced in England and major in Korea. The causal nature of the link between education and obesity has not yet been proven with certainty; however, using data from France we were able to ascertain that the direction of causality appears to run mostly from education to obesity, as the strength of the association is only minimally affected when accounting for reduced educational opportunities for those who are obese in young age. Most of the effect of education on obesity is direct. Small components of the overall effect of education on obesity are mediated by an improved socio-economic status linked to higher levels of education, and by a higher level of education of other family members, associated with an individual's own level of education. The positive effect of education on obesity is likely to be determined by at least three factors: (a) greater access to health-related information and proved ability to handle such information; (b) clearer perception of the risks associated with lifestyle choices; and, (c) improved self-control and consistency of preferences over time. However, it is not just the absolute level of education achieved by an individual that matters, but also how such level of education compares with that of the individual's peers. The higher the individual's education relative to his or her peers, the lower is the probability of the individual being obese. (Contains 3 tables and 10 figures.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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39. Summary Public School Indicators for the Provinces and Territories, 2000/2001 to 2006/2007. Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics. Research Paper
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Statistics Canada, Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics Division and Brockington, Riley
- Abstract
This report provides trends on public school enrolments, educators and expenditures. It uses figures provided by provincial and territorial departments of education on public elementary and secondary schools. Tables and definitions are appended. A cumulative index is included. (Contains 80 charts, 35 tables and 5 endnotes.)
- Published
- 2009
40. Education and Labour Market Transitions in Young Adulthood. Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics. Research Paper. Catalogue no. 81-595-M No. 075
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Statistics Canada, Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics Division, Shaienks, Danielle, and Gluszynski, Tomasz
- Abstract
Young adulthood is filled with major life events and pursuing higher education is one of the most common transitions. It is also the time when many young adults enter the labour market, move out of their parents' household and begin family formation. These significant events affect each other and impact the rest of their lives. Given the significance of these life events and their potential long lasting effects, it is important to try to understand these transitions. However, given their complexities and intertwining nature, studying them requires unique sets of data, such as the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS). This data is longitudinal, where the same set of respondents is interviewed at set time intervals. As such, the YITS data base is ideal for studying life transitions through time. This report presents results from the five cycles of YITS. Descriptive in nature, this report looks at education, early labour market outcomes and family formation of these young adults. The report is structured in the following way. First, educational pathways are explored. Second, early transitions into the labour market are analyzed. Third, transitions associated with family formation are discussed. Finally, the report provides a summary of some key findings. Appended are: (1) What is the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS)?; and (2) Tables. A cumulative index is included. (Contains 15 tables, 8 charts, 1 endnote.)
- Published
- 2009
41. Salaries and Salary Scales of Full-Time Teaching Staff at Canadian Universities, 2008/2009: Preliminary Report. Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics. Research Paper. Catalogue no. 81-595-M No. 076
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Statistics Canada, Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics Division
- Abstract
The data in this report are drawn from the "University and College Academic Staff Survey" ("UCASS"). Conducted since 1946, "UCASS" presents a national picture of the socio-economic characteristics of full-time university teachers in degree-granting institutions. The survey is conducted annually, with a reference date of October 1. Therefore, the data collected through this survey present a snapshot of full-time teaching staff as of that date. This report presents information on the salaries of full-time teaching staff at 27 Canadian universities, along with information on salary scales for the 2008-2009 academic year. In 2006-07 (the last year for which final data on full-time teaching staff is available) these institutions accounted for 41% of the full-time teaching staff of the 116 institutions that were included in the survey. (Contains 2 tables.) [This report was prepared by Education Finances, Postsecondary Faculty and Tuition Statistics Section.]
- Published
- 2009
42. Graduating in Canada: Profile, Labour Market Outcomes and Student Debt of the Class of 2005. Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics. Research Paper. Catalogue no. 81-595-M No. 074
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Statistics Canada, Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics Division, Bayard, Justin, and Greenlee, Edith
- Abstract
This report describes the educational experiences, labour market outcomes and financing of higher education of recent graduates for Canadian postsecondary education institutions using data from the 2007 National Graduates Survey (Class of 2005). The first section describes the characteristics of graduates from college, bachelor, master and doctorate level programs. The second section focuses on experiences after graduation including pursuing further education and labour market activities. Section three presents information on the financing of postsecondary education, its relation to education level and labour market outcomes. The final section focuses on co-operative education and international studies and their relationship with labour market outcomes and student debt. Tables are appended. (Contains 29 tables, 18 charts, 3 figures, and 12 endnotes.)
- Published
- 2009
43. Salaries and Salary Scales of Full-Time Teaching Staff at Canadian Universities, 2006/2007: Final Report. Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics. Research Paper. Catalogue no. 81-595-M No. 073
- Author
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Statistics Canada, Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics Division
- Abstract
The data in this report are drawn from the "University and College Academic Staff Survey" ("UCASS"). Conducted since 1946, "UCASS" presents a national picture of the socio-economic characteristics of full-time university teachers in degree-granting institutions. The information is conducted annually, with a reference date of October 1. Therefore, the data collected through this survey present a snapshot of full-time teaching staff as of that date. This report presents information on the salaries of full-time teaching staff at those institutions that have more than 100 staff, along with information on their salary scales for the 2006-2007 academic year. (Contains 2 tables.)
- Published
- 2009
44. Moving through, Moving on: Persistence in Postsecondary Education in Atlantic Canada, Evidence from the PSIS. Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics. Research Paper. Catalogue no. 81-595-M no. 072
- Author
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Statistics Canada, Culture, Tourism and the Centre for Education Statistics Division, Finnie, Ross, and Qiu, Theresa
- Abstract
This report provides new and unique empirical evidence on postsecondary education pathways in Atlantic Canada based on the data from the Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS). This study covers postsecondary students in public institutions at all levels of study--college, bachelor's, master's, Ph.D. and first professional degrees--with the emphasis on college and bachelor's students. The focus is on students who start new programs over the period of study, years 2001 through to 2004, and then observing who, in each year of their studies, graduates, continues in the same program, switches programs or leaves postsecondary education without graduating. The number of students who leave and then return to postsecondary studies and the number of students who graduate from a program and then continue in their studies are also identified. Students in this study can be tracked longitudinally as they move both within and across all institutions in the Atlantic. The research file used for this study was created by Statistics Canada using PSIS data from the Atlantic region. One of the key objectives of the PSIS is to provide information that will enable researchers to perform studies of student mobility, pathways and their relationship to education and labour market outcomes. The research file includes one longitudinal record for each postsecondary student who studied in Atlantic Canada at some point during the years 2001 through to 2004. The term "longitudinal" means that, as the student progresses through the postsecondary system, the PSIS record will provide a cumulative history of their postsecondary activity. It is the longitudinal nature of the database that allows for statistical studies of student mobility, pathways and their relationship to education and labour market outcomes. The research file contains 337,000 student records. The results reported here might be of interest to academics, institution administrators, postsecondary policy makers, and others with an interest in these dynamics, including even students themselves, not only in Atlantic Canada, but also across Canada, and possibly even in other countries. Appended are: (1) Selection criteria for sample 1; (2) Additional provincial findings; (3) Institutional-level findings; and (4) Comparing the YITS and PSIS (and other proposed checks). (Contains 39 tables, 2 figures, and 39 endnotes.) [Funding for this report was provided by the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation and the Council of Atlantic Ministers of Education and Training (CAMET).]
- Published
- 2009
45. Student Finances: Borrowing and Other Sources of Funding for Post-Secondary Studies. Information Paper. Volume 6, Number 1, Winter 2009
- Author
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Ministry of Advanced Education and Labour Market Development
- Abstract
Many students find it necessary to draw on more than one source of funding to pay for their post-secondary education. Tuition, direct expenses--textbooks, supplies, equipment--and an increasing need for technology are not the only concerns. For those who had to relocate to study or do not live at home, everyday living expenses become the major part of the cost of education. How do students meet all their expenses? How much do students rely on borrowing? What other sources of funding do they use? Respondents to the annual survey of former diploma, associate degree, and certificate students identified the major sources of funding for their education as student loans, employment, family or friends, and personal savings. About half of the former students surveyed said they borrowed funds, from a government student loan program or other sources. Since 2001, the percentage of those with student loans has gone down somewhat, while the rate of borrowing from other sources has gone up. As well, the amounts borrowed have increased over time--at a rate greater than the rate of increase in the cost of living. The former students who borrowed the most were the most likely to be parents and to have relocated to study. They also reported having the most financial difficulties: they were more likely to have interrupted their studies or attended part time for financial reasons. Nevertheless, their subsequent employment outcomes were very good--their average hourly wage was higher than that of all other former students. (Contains 8 endnotes.)
- Published
- 2009
46. What Is the Flow of Grade 12 Graduates into and among BC Public Post-Secondary Institutions over a Multi-Year Period. Working Paper
- Author
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Ministry of Advanced Education and Heath, Nick
- Abstract
This report identifies the number of students that transition to public post-secondary within four years after high school graduation. The report also considers the effect on transition rates of academic GPA, post-secondary programs of study, completion rates, attendance patterns and student retention and movement within the public post-secondary system. This study shows that on the whole, students follow regional patterns, suggesting that location is central in students' choices. There are also wide regional variations in the actual qualifications of graduates and their rates of participation in the post-secondary system. Secondary school graduates are more likely to enroll in a British Columbia (B.C.) public post-secondary institution if they attend a school in a large city; complete a graduation program that leads to university admission; and speak at home a language other than English. Secondary school graduates enrolling in a B.C. public post-secondary institution are more likely to complete a post-secondary credential in four years if they make an immediate transition (direct entry); attend continuously; complete a graduation program leading to to university admission; and attend an institute. Retention of students by the universities is strong. Small colleges tend to keep their students for the shortest period and these students are the least likely to subsequently enroll elsewhere in the system. (Contains 47 figures.)
- Published
- 2007
47. A Comparative Study of Sabbatical Leave Practices in Selected Commonwealth and U.S. Universities. Paper No. OIR-30.
- Author
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McMaster Univ., Hamilton (Ontario)., Booth, Sheelagh C., and Higbee, Eliot C.
- Abstract
Sabbatical leaves are viewed as being essential to the ongoing nature of a self-renewing community of scholars. This study was undertaken to provide data on current use of sabbatical leave plans in universities in several countries - Canada; the United States; England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales; Australia, and New Zealand - to provide useful information for possible revision of leave plans. Sixty-six universities were surveyed by means of a questionnaire and the results revealed similarities among the four groups of countries regarding the length of service prior to leave (generally 6 years); differences among the four groups, including the use of retraining leaves as a form of sabbatical; salary paid during regular sabbatical leave; and travel expenses. The conclusions drawn from the data are that Canadian leave plans are not nearly as uniform as those in United States universities; Canadian plans have become more formalized and better documented since 1969; salary paid for full-year leaves in Canadian universities has improved since 1969 and is now substantially better than in the United States, but not as good as in Australia and New Zealand; and participation rates in all countries appear to be higher than those reported prior to 1965 by Ingraham. (JMF)
- Published
- 1974
48. The Open Learning Institute and Knowledge Network. A Proposed Programme for Institutional Research and Evaluation. Summary of Recommendations. I.E.T. Paper No. 259.
- Author
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Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England). Inst. of Educational Technology. and Bates, A. W.
- Abstract
This report makes recommendations for the establishment of an active research and evaluation program for the Open Learning Institute (OLI) and the Knowledge Network (KN) of British Columbia (Canada). It is suggested that the OLI and KN programs develop a framework for evaluating their own performance, that the database be improved to provide information for evaluation and decision-making, and that evaluation procedures be established for course evaluation, project management, student services, KN reception and utilization, and organization and funding. A 21-page Summary of Recommendations and seven appendices, including a listing of OLI staff publications, supplement the text. (EW)
- Published
- 1987
49. Trends and Characteristics of Rural and Small Town Canada. Working Paper No. 15.
- Author
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Statistics Canada, Ottawa (Ontario). and Biggs, Brian
- Abstract
This report summarizes demographic, economic, and social statistics on Canada's rural and small towns through 1989. Rural and small towns include areas with populations of less than 10,000 persons or a population density of less than 400 per square kilometer. The first section examines rural-urban differences in population trends and age structures as well as migration patterns between rural and urban areas. The second section focuses on the labor market and compares rural and urban Canada in terms of labor force participation, employment by industry, and unemployment rates. The last section focuses on social indicators, including rural and urban trends in family income, income inequality, education, literacy levels, and crime rates. Data indicate that while the urbanization of the Canadian population has continued virtually unabated since 1851, the rural population has exhibited steady growth in absolute terms. Although the service sector of rural and small towns has grown in both absolute and relative terms since 1976, primary employment remains concentrated in rural areas. However, the decline in agricultural employment and primary industry employment has led to a decline in the rural share of employment growth. As to social indicators, the lowest average incomes were found in rural areas and small towns with populations less than 30,000. However, rural Canada had the lowest incidence of low-income families, the least extreme income inequality rates, and the lowest crime rates. Educational levels were directly related to population size. For example, the share of the relevant population with some postsecondary education increased with the degree of urbanization. In addition, rural and small towns with populations of less than 5,000 had a higher proportion of individuals over 15 years old with less than a ninth-grade education, when compared to large urban centers. Includes 71 figures, references, and rural population statistics for Canada and its provinces during 1931-86. (LP)
- Published
- 1993
50. Learner Involvement in Community-Based Literacy Programs. A Discussion Paper = L'Implication de l'Apprenant dans les programmes d'alphabetision communautaire.
- Author
-
Core Literacy, Kitchener (Ontario)., Duff-McCracken, Donald, and Fretz, Barbara
- Abstract
This manual is designed as a resource for involving learners in literacy programs. Although the report is written at a high reading level, highlights for each section that are written in clear language are found at the beginning of the manual. Section 1 introduces the topic of learner involvement; it also describes the benefits of learner involvement as listed by staff, learners, and board members and discusses the kinds of activities in which learners are involved. The rest of the section contains strategies for getting learners involved. They are divided into two categories. Setting the foundation includes these topics: learner empowerment, challenging confidentiality, building on learners' experiences, using the community to one's favor, supporting learners, and treating learners as equals. Building the house covers these areas: learners networking with each other, advocacy/outreach, working on real tasks that affect everyone, improving communication channels, providing ongoing program support, and adopting learner-friendly structures. Section 2 highlights specific barriers and techniques for overcoming them. These types of barriers are addressed: empowerment, program support for learners, community support for learners, confidentiality, communication, learner networks (learners groups and learners conferences), and changing the way that decisions are made. Eleven references are listed. Two appendixes include the methodology and guidelines for how to chair a meeting. A French language version is provided. (YLB)
- Published
- 1992
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